Line Resonance experienced in 400kV and 225kV sub-network is de-energized

In this example, you can observe the resonance frequency near 50 Hz.
1.1. Objective:
The objective is to study the resonance in the network. Frequency scan analysis and
time-domain simulations are performed to study the resonance in the system.
1.2. Study System:
The study system consists of 160km, 400kV double circuit transmission line. Each
circuit is connected to two different substations as shown in Figure 1. One circuit is
energized and the resonance is observed on the unenergized cicuits (S0-S4). The
unenergized circuit is connected to 600MVA, 405/240/21kV Transformer through 3 km
single circuit transmission line. The transformer 240kV winding is connected to 39km,
225kV transmission line. There are two shunt reactors, 50 MVar at Node S0 and 36
MVar shunt reactors at transformer tertiary winding.

Figure 1: Complete SLD

Operating sequece for observing the transmission line.

1.3. Input data Required for Modelling:

The network topology at the time of testing is shown in the figure1. The section of
Over-head transmission grid between S0 to S4 is de-energized.
Input data:
➢ 163 km of 400kV circuit between the substations, S1 and S4.
➢ 39 km of 225kV circuit between the substations S0 and S1.
➢ A 405/240/21 kV auto transformer (Yyd winding) at S1.

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 ➢ Two shunt reactors are loacated at the substation S0 (Line reactor of 50 Mvar) and at
the substation S1 (transformer reactor of 36 Mvar connected to tertiary winding of 600
MVA auto-transformer).
➢ The transmission line includes 400 kV, 160 km double circuit line between S2 and S4.
One of the circuit is connected to the main grid at the nominal voltage (i.e. 400 kV). is
to be de-energized, and Another circuit is connected to an auto-transformer.

1.4. Procedure to model the Electric circuit:

Modelling of 3-winding transformer
Step:1 Open EMTPWorks → Create a new file → Save the file.
Step:2 Modelling of Transformer:
➢ Goto the transformers library → Drag and drop the YgygD name plate input into GUI.
➢ Double-click on the transformer and enter the parameters as shown below and Exclude the
Magnetization branch → click ok.

Step:3 Modelling of transmission line

➢ Double-click on lines library → Drag and drop the Line data into GUI.
➢ Double-click on the Line data → Click on the Use data base → Select the 400kV ACSR - double
circuit line and click ok.

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➢ Go to the Model tab→ Select the model as an FD and change the frequency to 50 Hz.

➢ Goto Line length tab → Enter the line length as 160 km.

➢ Goto Generate data tab → Change the data file name → Enable Run this case → Click Ok.

➢ Drag and Drop the Frequency dependent line from lines library into GUI → Double click on it
→ Click on the select data file → open the “DCline_160km” → Click ok.

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 ➢ Follow from step-1 to step-6 with input parameters of ‘400kV ACSR Single circuit’ and line
length as 3 km.
➢ Follow from step-1 to step-6 with input parameters of ‘230 kV ACSR Single circuit’ and line
length as 39 km.

Step:4 Modelling of Shunt reactors:

➢ Double-click on the RLC branches library → Drag and Drop the RLC:L into GUI.
➢ Double-click on it and enter the value as 1012 Ω for 50 Mvar at the bus S0.

➢ Similarly, after step-1 → Double-click on it and enter the value as 12.25 Ω for 36 Mvar shunt
reactor connected to tertiary winding of the transformer.

Step:5 Modelling of Voltage source:

➢ Drag and drop the ‘AC Voltage source-3 phase’ from sources library.
➢ Double-click on it and enter the parameters
o Vm = 420 kVRMSLL
o f = 50 Hz

Step:6 Modelling of Switch

➢ Goto switches library → Drag and drop the “Ideal switch: breaker symbol”.
➢ Double-click on it and enter the parameters
o Tclose = -1 or click on the ‘Closed in steady-state’.
o Topen = 1e15 or click on ‘Never open’.

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Step:7 Modelling of bus
➢ Draw the 3-phase buse from Home tab →Draw signal → Draw 3-phase bus.

Step:8 Connect the complete SLD as shown in figure below.

39km

DCline_160km 3km

LINE DATA
model in:
39km.mod
LINE DATA LINE DATA
model in: model in:

0.15nF
dcline_160km.mod 3km.mod

ZIN1
+ ?z v_S4
S0 S2

0.15nF
S1 SW5 Z(f) S4
YD_1 v_S1 +VM
AC1 +VM + FDline3 ?v
SW9 1 2 a a
SW2 SW1

C3
FDline1 2 ?v -1|1E15|0 +
FD model
+ b b
+

+30
+ + 1 SW3 SW4 FDline2 +
-1|1E15|0 + FD model + + c c
SW8
10.35kVRMSLL /_0 11.5/230 -1|1E15|0 -1|1E15|0 + a a
-1|1E15|0 -1|1E15|0 FD model +
b b

+
3 c c
-1|.3|0 0.001nF
400/225/21 m2

0.15nF
12.25Ohm -1|1E15|0

Transformer_21kV +VM

420kVRMSLL /_0
C4
+
SW7
1012Ohm

+VM ?v
+

+
C1
?v
L1

AC3
+

+
0.001nF
+

420kVRMSLL /_0
L2

C2
+
AC2

Step:9
➢ Drag & drop the RLC:C non polarised from ‘RLC branches’.
➢ Connect that capacitor as a grading capacitance to the switches (or) breakers which are
connected to Double-circuit transmission line.
➢ Double click on the capacitor and enter the capacitance value as 0.15 nF and change the
frequency to 50Hz.
Step:10 Double click on the breaker connected to the circuit -1 of Double-circuit line and enter the
parameters
o Tclose = -1
o Topen = 300ms
➢ Similarly, provide the same values for switch connected to other side of circuit-1.
Step:11 Connect the voltage scope-1 pin from meters library to bus S4 and S1 and change the name
of voltmeter as “v_S4” & “v_S1”.

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Time -domain analysis:
➢ Goto simulate tab →Simulation options → Enter the parameters as shown below.

➢ Run the simulation

➢ Goto simulate tab→ Click on the ‘View scopes with scopeview’
➢ Plot Responses
o Transformer tertiary winding, 21kV
o Transformer 400kV terminal

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Frequency scan analysis:
➢ Change the circuit breaker parameters as closed in steady-state and never open.
➢ Drag and drop the input impedance from options library and connect it to bus S4.
➢ Goto simulate tab → simulation options → Enable the frequency scan as shown below.

➢ Run the simulation

➢ Goto simulate tab→ Click on the ‘View scopes with scopeview’
➢ Goto signal window → select the signal type as ‘Input impedance phasor magnitude’ → Click
on the ‘ZIN1 mag@zinmag’ → observe the response in graph window.

Reference: CIGRE WG C4.307

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