Transmission Line and

Cable
Transmission line models

Models needed in almost all transient study cases

Why do we need models ?

• Background theory : Maxwell Equations

➢ Complex

Simplification

• PI, CP, FD, WB models

3
Line and cable models in EMTP → Parts by library → lines
➢ Types:
• PI Model Models
• Constant parameter Model
+
• Frequency Dependent Model
• Wide band Model PI1
1/1mH/1uF

TLM1
+ CP model
Physical CABLE DATA 400
characteristics

FDline1
+ FD model

Line Database LINE DATA

WBline1
+ WB model

EMTP-RV - 4-Days Training 4

PI model
• Simple and fastest model
• Valid for time-domain and phasor domain

• Propagation not taken into account

• Not accurate on a large frequency band
• Valid for short cable/line
CP model

• An infinite number of PI cells in series

• Propagation taken into account

• Not accurate on a large frequency band

• Only for time-domain
EMTP-RV - 3-Day Training
7

FD / FD-Q models
WB model :

➢ Propagation taken into account accurate on ➢ Complex model

a large frequency band ➢ Very accurate
➢ The Ti of the FDQ is frequency-dependent. ➢ Require the Wideband line/cable fitter
It is usually used for cables only.
WBline1
+ WB model
WB Fitter

FDline1
+
FD model
EMTP-RV - 3-Day Training
8

Model comparison (PI & CP)

Exercise

+ PI
+VM
?v
+

AC2 PI1
230kVRMSLL /_0
4.70013124/178.38578mH/2.43306uF

TLM1 CP
+VM
+ CP
1.931e2 ?v
+

AC1
230kVRMSLL /_0
9

Line and cable models

CP
Study PI Exact-PI CP FD WB
@50kHz

Load-Flow and
low-frequency OK OK OK OK
transients
OK in
Harmonic
Frequency OK OK
analysis
Domain

Switching
OK OK
Analysis

OK for
Ferroresonance OK
Lines

Lightning OK OK OK
Transmission line
Modelling
Input for Line modelling

• Phase Conductor: ACSR Panther Conductor (DC

Resistance: 0.067 Ohm/km, Outer Diameter: 2.862cm)
• Ground Conductor: DC Resistance: 3.375 Ohm/km, Outer
Diameter: 0.945 cm
• Tower Geometry: 400kV Single circuit Tower.
Line modelling in EMTP

LINE DATA

➢ Goto Model tab → Select Model = FD

➢ Enter Length of Transmission Line in line length tab =
400km
➢ Generate Line Parameters in the generate data tab.
Import line parameters

400km

FDline1
+ FD model

LINE DATA
model in:
400km.mod

• Lines Library →Drag & Drop “Frequency dependent line” from lines library to GUI.
• Double click on the FD line and click “select data file”.
• Select the generated file name in line data and click ok. It loads the transmission
line parameters automatically
 Complete SLD & Energization of line

400km

LINE DATA
model in:
400km.mod
Rec
Send + v ?v
+ v ?v
VwZ1 FDline1
SW1 a a
+ +
+ b b
FD model
30ms|1E15|0 c c
400kVRMSLL /_0
 Line Energization with trapped charges
400km

LINE DATA
model in:
400km.mod

Rec
Send + v ?v
+ v ?v
VwZ1 FDline1
SW1 a a
+ +
+ b b
FD model
70ms|1E15|0 c c
400kVRMSLL /_0 SW2
+
-1|10ms|0
Cable Modelling
Modelling of Cable
Cable - Semi Conducting Layer

Ref: CIGRE WG: C4.502: Power System Technical Performance Issue Related to the Application of Long AC Cables
 cablex

Modelling of Cable
CABLE DATA
Modelling of Cable
• Goto the Model tab →Select the model as “Wideband model”.
• Goto cable length → Enter the cable length is 1 km and earth resistivity is 100 Ω.m.
• Goto generate tab → Enter the file name → Enable the Run this case.
Import Cable parameters

• Drag and drop the ‘wideband line/cable fitter function’ and ‘Wide band Line/Cable” to GUI

WB Fitter
Complete SLD
Double-click on the Wideband line/cable → click “Select data file”→ Click ok.