Denture base Resins
oxygen inhibition, saliva or
Requisites for denture base resins
 Biologic consideration
 Should be tasteless, odorless,
nontoxic and nonirritating to
oral tissues
 Completely insoluble in saliva
or any other fluids
 Impermeable to oral fluids
 Is easily cleaned and do not
become disagreeable in taste
or odor
 Physical properties
 Possess adequate strength
and resilience
 Resists impact forces like
biting, or chewing and
excessive wear
 Dimensionally stable under all
conditions
 Have low specific gravity
 Aesthetic property
 Have sufficient translucency
or transparency to match the
appearance of the tissue it
replaces
 Should be capable of being
tinted or pigmented
 Should not change its color or
appearance after fabrication
 Handling characteristics
 No toxic fumes or dust
produced during handling and
manipulation
 Easy to mix, insert, shape and
cure
 Should not be affected by
blood contamination
 Final product should be easy
to polish and repair
 Economic consideration
 Low cost
 Do not require complex and
expensive equipment for
fabrication
Prosthetic Uses Of Resins
n Denture bases
n Denture teeth
n Relining Materials
n Repair of dentures
n Provisional acrylic partial dentures
n Custom impression trays
n Mouth guards
n Fluoride and bleaching trays
n Facing on esthetical crowns
n Provisional restorations
n Removable tooth movement devices
n Orthodontic retainers
Denture base function
 Distributes pressure over a wider
area, so reducing bone resorption
 Retains artificial teeth
 Replaces missing tissue
 Forms a seal for retention
Ideal properties of Denture Base Resins
• Natural appearance
• Easy processing
• Easy to clean
 • Easy to repair  Glycol dimethacrylate ( a
cross-linking agent) is added
• Inexpensive
to resist resistance to
• Biocompatible deformation of the material

• Resistant to bacterial contamination  Powder ( can have limitless life)

• High strength, stiffness, hardness,  Beads or granules of

toughness, fatigue resistance polymethyl methacrylate

• Low density  Initiator (benzoyl peroxide)

• Radiopaque  Pigments/dyes (colour vitality

as cadmium, iron, organic
• High thermal conductivity dyes)
• High modulus of elasticity, impact  Optical opacifiers (tio2/zno)
strength
 Plasticizers (ethyl acrylate
• Abrasive resistance (internal), dibutylphthalate
• Dimensionally stable (external) to make dough
easier)
• Accurate reproduction of surface
detail  Synthetic fibres (nylon)

Denture base resins  Coloured fibres (blood

vessels)
 The part of the denture that rests or
touches the soft tissues of the mouth Liquid ( in dark bottle, avoid contamination
by powder)
 Type of denture base resin according
to polymerization technique  Methyl methacrylate
monomer
 Heat-activated
 Inhibitor (hydroquinone)
 Chemically activated
 Crosslinking agent
 Light-activated
 (diethylene glycol
Heat-activated denture base resins dimethacrylate, (1,4
 Composition butylene glycol
dimethacrylate)
Powder –(polymer) is prepolymerized
spheres of poly methyl methacrylate and Chemically-activated denture base resins
small amount of benzoyl peroxide as initiator  Also called self-curing, cold curing or
Liquid –(monomer) is unpolymerized methyl autopolymerizing resins
methacrylate with small amount of  Chemical activation is accomplished
hydroquinone as inhibitor through the addition of a tertiary
 prevents undesirable amine (dimethyl-para-toluidine) to
setting of the liquid the liquid
during storage
The main difference between heat-activated
and chemically activated resin is the method
by which benzoyl peroxide is decomposed
Light-Activated Denture Based Resins
 Components:
 Urethane dimethacrylate
matrix
 Acrylic copolymer
 Silica filler to control rheology
 Forms
Ratio P/L (2/1 wt%, 1.6 -1 vol%)
 Sandy- initial melting of beads
(not used)
 Stringy or sticky- entanglements with
swollen beads and thickened
interstitial monomer (not used)
 Dough- gelation
(used)
 Rubbery- monomer penetrates to the
core of beads, plasticizing them, ↓Tg
(not used)

 Sheets Manipulation issues

 Ropes  P/L

 Curing  Inadequate filling by

monomer
 Light chamber- 400-500 nm
 Weak material properties
 Photo-initiators
(camphorquinone),  Porosity

 Teeth added in a second  ↓P/L

exposure over the base
 Excessive polymerisation
 Used for shrinkage

 Record bases  Poor fit

 Custom tray  Light color as powder holds

the pigments
 Denture repair
 Curing before monomer diffuse to
 Hardness and impact strength ≈ heat bead (before dough stage)
cured resin
 ↓ flexural strength
 Elastic modulus < heat cured resin;
deform under mastication  cracks between linear
polymerised interstitial gel
 Less shrinkage (3%) better fit and cross linked beads
 Less residual monomer  More shrinkage contraction
Manipulation of Heat-Cured Denture Based by the loss of pressure
Resins produced by the dough to
compensate for it
Setting reaction:
 Curing in dough stage
Mixing of powder and liquid cause monomer
diffusion and softening of the surface of the  monomer penetrate the
powder producing the following gelling beads
stages:
  dissolves beads allows cross-  tin foil.
linking agent to penetrate
 Control of Processing strains
 interpenetrating polymer
 Shrinkage in restricted mould
network IPN.
cause internal strain
 Packing in the rubber stage
 On release of stress (flask
 Less extrusion of excess opening) it may give
acrylic from flask
 Crazing
 Extra pressure in the mould
 Warpage
 Fracture the cast
 Distortion
 less flow around
 These are reduced by the
teeth
slightly extra packed material
 Dislodgment of teeth that flow into shrinkage
into mould spaces when temperature is
higher than Tg (heated flask)
 Control of color
 Manipulation further reduces
 Pigments position
strains by
 Inside beads
 Using acrylic teeth
 surface of beads
 Cooling the flask
 polymer slowly
should be
FLASKING STEPS
added to the
monomer  Flasking
slowly so it  Dewaxing
will not  Putting a separating
washed off medium
by too rapidly  Placing acrylic dough
 Packing
 Blood vessel resembling
 Heat curing
Fibers aggregate in the
bottom of bottle Flasking for heat cured resin

 Shake powder  Flasking options with acrylic dough:

well before
 Trial-packing, trimming,
use
repacking
 Mould Lining
 Packing-only
 resin may penetrate rough
 Poured resin (e.G., Lucitone
plaster and adhere
fas-por)
 a separating medium must be
 Injection moulding
employed
Heat and pressure control
 solution of sodium
alginate
  Aim to produce radicals and
initiate polymerization
 Reaction is thermally
activated and generates heat
as well
 Reaction conversion is about
98 to 99.5%
 MMA: tbp = 100c (p= 1 atm);
140c (p= 2 atm)
Heat curing cycles
 Fast cycle
 Cure at 71-72°C for 30-90 min
 100°C for 30 min.
 Slow cycle = cure at 71-72°c for 10 hrs
 [A slow cycle is better with
larger amounts of material.]
 [Generally, slow cures result
in better dimensional
accuracy.]
 Other cycles are done as
recommended by manufacturers
 Rapid heating:
 Excess radical release
 Extra xlinking and branching
of interstitial polymer
 More residual monomer
 Reduced toughness
 Heat builds up from
exothermic rxn
 Porosity
 Loss of strength
 Bad esthetics (opaque
and cloudy color)
 Possible fouling
 Slow :
 Sufficient radical release
 Adequate xlinking and
branching between high mwt
polymer chains
 Increased toughness
 Sufficient radical ends
increase monomer
incorporation in growing
chains
 Xlinking agents polymerized,
reducing their plasticizing
effect (in their non bound
state) and reduce creep
 Produce an annealing effect
easing stresses produced
from shrinkage, reducing
crazing and distortion
 Pressure control
 Places compressive force
 Compensates for
polymerization shrinkage
 Increase flow of dough
around teeth, more monomer
wetting and surface
dissolution, stronger bond
 Oozes out excess dough
 Some hybrid systems begin
polymerization from one side
to allow dough to cover for
shrinkage