Filling stages, pads materials,

adhesive systems

CARIESOLOGY
The basics of
restorative dentistry
• А Dentist is also an artist, but to realize
your creative potential, you need, in

skills.
addition to desire, and knowledge and
The basics of restorative
dentistry
• Art restoration of teeth is a set of dental
activities to do well the forms of teeth.
The basics of restorative
dentistry
• Restoration is the restoration of the
shape, function and aesthetic properties
of the tooth with artificial restoration
materials.
The basics of
restorative dentistry
• Reconstruction is a change in the spatial
orientation of the tooth in the mouth with
various anomalies of the position of the
teeth, such as torcoanomalia, protrusion,
retrium, dystopia and a combination of
these anomalies
The basics of
restorative dentistry

Transformation is the change of

the inherent shape of the tooth to
another, and thus transfer it to
another group. For example, canine
in incisors, premolar in the canine,
end so on. Often transformation
takes on importance at the same
time orthodontic treatment.
The basics of restorative dentistry

Methods for restoring solid tooth tissues:

Direct
Indirect
• Combined
The basics of
restorative dentistry
• Direct method of restoration restoring
the anatomical shape of the tooth or
replacing the dental defect in the patient's
mouth.
Indications for the use of composite materials

1. Correction of aesthetic parameters of the tooth:

colors;

size and shape;

• the position of the tooth in the dentition.

• 2. Treatment of carious and non-carious lesions, consequences of injuries with the restoration of aesthetic and functional
parameters of the tooth:
• restoration of the shape of the tooth with partial breakaway or destruction of the crown due to injury;
• filling of cavities̆ I - VI classes according to Black;
• production of an artificial tooth based on the root of the tooth;
• production of adhesive bridge prosthesis
• rapid fixation in case of defects of the dentition of small length.
Contraindications to the restoration of teeth with composite materials

Absolute contraindications for restoration with light-curing composites:

the presence of a heart rate stimulator in the patient, since the inclusion of a
photopolymerizer can cause a violation of the frequency of the pulses of the
device and lead to cardiac arrest;
allergic reaction of the patient to the elements of the adhesive system or the
composite itself;
inability to isolate the cavity or tooth from moisture.
• Relative contraindications restoration includes malocclusion pathology,
bruxism, non-compliance with oral hygiene by the patient.
 Dental
filling materials

Filling (from Latin plumbum - lead)this is replacement of a

defect in dental tissues with artificial material in order to
restore the anatomical shape and function of the tooth.

Seal — material used to fill a cavity in a tooth formed after

treatment of caries or as a result of mechanical or other
damage to the tooth.
Basic clinical requirements for filling materials

Have anti-inflammatory and

non-toxic Harmless have low thermal conductivity
antiseptic effects;

resistant to aggressive agents have sufficient hardness,

do not dissolve in saliva (acids, alkalis)) mechanical strength, wear do not change the color of the tooth
resistance

do not change the shape and

volume during the hardening
do not cause the appearance of
process, quickly be X-ray contrast.
galvanic currents in the oral cavity
harden, have high adhesion to the
tissues of the tooth;
 Classification of filling materials

Permanent - to restore the anatomical shape and function of the tooth.

Temporary - for temporary closure of the cavity in the tooth (zinc - sulfate, zinc - phosphate, polycarboxylate, glass ionomer
cements).

Therapeutic - pads (containing calcium hydroxide, zinc - eugenol, combined).

To fill root canals.

Adhesive.

Sealants.
 harmless to pulp;

plastic: easy to insert into the cavity and excreted;

Temporary filling materials

do not inactivate medicinal substances;
Properties

do not dissolve in the oral fluid;

ensure hermeticism for the required period (at least 2 weeks);

be strong enough and be removed from the tooth cavity by excavator,

probe or by drilling.
Materials for temporary fillings (chemical composition)

zinc eugenol eugenol-free light-curable

cements cements materials
 Zinc-eugenol cements

Zinc oxide is a colorless

powder that also has anti- Eugenol-antiseptic of
inflammatory, antiseptic and vegetable origin 70%
astringent properties contains clove oil
Zinc-eugenol cements

Complete curing
in the mouth 6-8
hours.
 Main properties- bactericidal, anti-
inflammatory
Zinc-eugenol
cements
Application- therapeutic pads,
temporary and permanent filling of
root canals, temporary fixation of
crowns
Zinc-eugenol
cements
Eugenol-free
cements

Artificial dentin (aqueous dentin))-white

powder, which includes 70% zinc oxide,
25% zinc sulfate and 5% koalin or dextrin.

Dentin – paste (oil dentin) – white clay,

zinc oxide, zinc sulfate, oil (peach, apricot
or clove).
•
 Main properties

Dentin Good adhesion to tooth

tissues
powder
(artificial
Good ductility and strength
dentin))

Fast solidification time

Dentin powder

Distilled water is used as a liquid

for the preparation of an insulating
temporary seal.
Kneads for up to 30 seconds.
Hardens for 1 minute.
• It is for up to 2 weeks.
 Dentin is a powder.

Dentin powder
Distilled water.

(What do you need for

kneading?)
Dental glass.

Chrome-plated spatula.
Dentin powde
(mixing technology)

•On the rough surface of the glass,

apply dentin powder and 5 to 10
drops of distilled water, gradually
add the powder to the water with a
spatula for 30 seconds.
 The consistency of a
temporary filling is thick
Dentin powder sour cream.
(criteria
self-control)

After 1 to 2 minutes,
after kneading, the mass
hardens
Dentin paste

one-component (ready for use), patented, is a

homogeneous mass of white with grayish - yellow
or pale - pink color with the smell of any vegetable
oil, for example, clove
• Ingredients: white clay, zinc oxide, zinc sulfate,
oil (peach, apricot or clove)
 Material is plastic

has good adhesion

Dentin paste
(properties)
well repels moisture (water, saliva)

hardens within 1.5 – 2 hours in the oral cavity

 Sequence of action

On the rough surface of the glass

Dentin paste with a spatula, apply dentin
paste, stir it with an ironer
 MEANS

Dentin paste
Dentin is pasta.
Dental glass.
Chrome-plated spatula.
Dentin paste

SELF-CONTROL CRITERIA

The paste is plastic, with a sharp separation of the spatula, the

length of the threads is not more than 2 mm
Eugenol-free cements
(representatives)
Light-curing temporary
probing materials
 do not require mixing

Light-curing
are ready for application to the cavity
temporary filling of the teeth

materials
curing occurs as a result of a
photochemical reaction
Application of therapeutic
and insulating pads

1. Medical.
2. Isolating.
 The purpose of the therapeutic pad is to stimulate
the formation of secondary dentin, protect the pulp
from external influences and create conditions for
the treatment of a reversible inflammatory process
in it.
Therapeutic pads are used to stimulate the
formation of secondary dentin:
Therapeutic pads

• in the presence of a deep cavity;

• with a tooth injury, when the crown fracture line
passes close to the pulp.
Stages of imposition of therapeutic pads.

1. Anesthesia is performed, after which the defect is dissected, removing the maximum possible
amount of necrotic tissues without the risk of opening the pulp.
• 3. Apply a therapeutic pad.
4. Impose a temporary seal of glass ionomer cement for a period of 10 weeks. A bandage made
of aqueous or oil dentin does not provide long-term isolation and protection from the action of
irritants.
• 5. After 10 weeks, the viability of the pulp is checked according to the EDI data, the reactions
to the temperature time of the dragee are studied, if necessary, an X-ray is taken.
• 6. Remove under anesthesia a temporary filling, therapeutic pad and layer of affected dentin
under the control of caries detector and probing.
• 7. If necessary, the therapeutic pad is applied point-by-point to the projection area of the pulp
horn and a permanent filling is applied.
Calcium containing
therapeutic pads

• To provide an anti-inflammatory
effect on the pulp and stimulate
the function of odontoblasts to
enhance mineralization and
deposition of replacement
dentin, preparations with
calcium hydroxide are used:
"Dycal" ("Dentsply"),
"Alkalainer" ("Espe-3M"),
"Laif" ("Kerr"), etc.
Insulating pads.

The purpose of the insulating pad is to protect dentin from possible

effects from the etching gel or composite;
the combination of dentin with a composite in the absence of a primer.
Insulating gaskets are applied to the enamel-dentin border.
• Currently, insulating pads are not used as widely as before, thanks to
the creation of new adhesive systems.
Insulating pads

• Insulating pads are necessary when

working with those materials, the set of
which does not include a dentin sealant -
primer. For reliable sealing of dentin
tubes as gaskets should be used glass
ionomer cements that have the ability to
form a strong bond with dentin, cement
and composite.
Classification of glass ionomer cements

According to the chemical composition and method of solidification,

JRC are divided into the following:
1 Traditional (chemical).
2 Polymer-modified (PM) hybrid:
− light-hardening;
− self-hardening.
•
Classification of glass ionomer cements

• By purpose, JRC are divided into 3 types.:

• − 1st — fixing — for temporary fillings and cementing of fixed
orthopedic structures.
• - 2nd — restoration:
• a) aesthetic;
• b) packed;
• c) hardened (kermets).
• − 3rd — quickly hardening gasket materials and sealants.
The main features of fixing glass ionomer cements

– low ratio of powder and liquid (1:1);

– long working hours;
– minimum thickness of the film material (up to 14 microns);
– reduction during solidification of pH to neutral.
• Representatives «Ketac-Cem» (3M ESPE), «Fuji I» (GC),
• «AguaCem»(Dentsply),«AguaMeron»(VOCO),«Meron»(VOCO),
• «Ionoscell» (Septodont), «Ionofix» (VOCO).
Restoration aesthetic glass ionomer cements are characterized by:

– higher ratio of powder to liquid (3:1);

– satisfactory strength, aesthetics (light
resistance);
• – low solubility.
• «Ketac-Fil Plus» (3M ESPE), «Chelon»
(3M ESPE), «Fuji II» (GC),
«ChemFilSuperior» (Dentsply),
«Ionofil» (VOCO), «Agua Ionofil»
(VOCO), «Glass-ionomer» (Heraeus
Kulzer).
Packable glass ionomer cements

Materials of this type are characterized by:

− high ratio of powder and liquid (3:1);
− convenience in work, packability;
− increased strength;
− wear resistance;
− speed of solidification;
− resistance to moisture;
− the possibility of final grinding and polishing with a first visit.
Such JRC are used for loaded restorations, can be used to replace dentin when performing the "sandwich"
technique, creating bases for restorations.
• «Fuji IX GP» (GC), «Ketac-Molar» (3MESPE), «ChemFlex» (Dentsply), «Ionofil Molar» (VOCO).
Hardened glass ionomer cements

− shorter solidification time;

− increased strength, resistance to abrasion;
− high coefficient of thermal expansion.
• «Chelon-Silver» (3M ESPE), «Ketac-Silver»
(3M ESPE), «Miracle Mix» (GC), «Argion»
(VOCO), «Argion Molar»(VOCO), «High-
Dense» (Shofu), «Alpha Silver» (DMG).
Fast-hardening glass
ionomer cements

The characteristics of rapidly hardening PIC

depend on the ratio of powder to liquid
(depending on the type of lining), which
varies from 1.5:1 to 4:1.

The properties of these materials are as

follows:

− shorter working and solidification time;

− radiopaque;
• − identity to the aesthetics of dentin.
Fast-hardening glass
ionomer cements
Quickly hardening are used as insulating
(liner and base) pads for all types of cavities.
• Such materials of chemical solidification
include: "Keta Bond" (3M ESPE), "Fuji III"
(GC), «GC Lining Cement» (GC),
«Ionobond»(VOCO), «Agua Ionobond»
(VOCO).