Dental Materials – the science that deals with the study Branch of Dentistry with Dental Materials:

of the different chemical and physical properties, their

Endodontics
manipulation and the clinical application or usage of the
various materials used in dental practice. • From the Greek word endo “inside” and odons
“tooth”.
• Chemical – biocompatibility to the pulp
• Deals with the tooth pulp and the tissues
• Physical – includes strength, hardness, stresses
surrounding the root of a tooth.
of the different materials.
• Endodontists perform a variety of procedures
Objectives of Dental Materials: including root canal therapy, surgery, treating
dental trauma
• To know the proper manipulation of the various
materials needed in dental practice
• To be able to know the application or use of
materials
• To know the diff. Physical and chemical
properties of various materials
• To stimulate further research to improve the
materials to have the knowledge to make
optimal selection of materials.
o Amalgam and resin composite
• To be able to identify between facts and
propagandas.

Characteristics of Dental Materials:

• Biocompatible
• The materials should be mechanically stable and
durable
o The material must be strong and
resistant to fracture.
• Resistant to corrosion - does not deteriorate
over time
• Esthetic – natural and pleasing to the eye.
• Adheres to tissues
• Tasteless and odorless o RCT procedure:
• Cleanable/repairable ▪ Open the cavity with the use of
• Cost-effective the handpiece and burs then
• Minimal conduction - insulates against you need to remove the caries.
thermal/electrical charge After the removal of the caries
• Easy to manipulate at reasonable time and effort the endodontic file will be
inserted inside the canal, this
will enlarge the canal then clean
it and shape it. Once cleaning
and shaping is done, the zinc
oxide eugenol which is a cement
will be mixed with gutta-percha
and will be inserted inside the
canal. All portion of the canal
must be filled leaving no space
 that could cause infection to Prosthodontics
reoccur.
• Is the dental specialty pertaining to diagnosis,
Orthodontics treatment planning, rehabilitation and
maintenance of oral function, comfort,
• From the Greek words orthos “straight or
appearance and health of patients with clinical
proper” and odons “tooth”.
conditions associated with missing or deficient
• Is the specialty of dentistry that is concerned
teeth and/or oral and maxillofacial tissues using
with the study and treatment of malocclusions,
biocompatible substitutes.
which may be a results of tooth irregularity,
disproportionate jaw relationship, or both.

• Fixed Prosthodontics – deals with a missing

o Cements are used to adhere the brackets to
the tooth surfaces
Pediatric Dentistry/Pedodontics
tooth; main concern is to restore the missing
tooth or teeth and place that inside the patient’s
mouth that cannot be removed. In doing fixed
bridges there must be abutment (adjacent
teeth).

• From the Greek words pedo “child” and odons

“tooth”.
• The division of dentistry concerned with the
diagnosis and treatment of conditions of the o Parts of Fixed Partial Denture:
teeth and mouth in children, including restoring ▪ Retainer – it covers the
and maintaining the primary, mixed, and abutment preparation
permanent dentition, applying preventive ▪ Abutment – holds the
measures for dental caries and periodontal restoration; needs to be
disease; preventing, intercepting, and correcting reduced in its miniature form for
occlusal problems, and training the child to tooth preparation.
accept dental care. ▪ Pontic – one that will replace
the missing natural tooth; it is
attached to the retainer by a
connector
▪ Connector – can be rigid or non-
rigid

Cement will be used to

adhere the fixed bridge
- The tooth can still be restored with the use of to the surface of the
resin composite, by this other tooth structure prepared abutment.
will be saved as well. Jacket crown is not (glass ionomer cement,
advisable since the patient is still a child and the zinc phosphate cement,
tooth does not have a cavity. polycarboxylate cement and resin cement)
 • Removable Partial Dentures – deals with a • Complete denture – done if there’s no tooth or
missing tooth savable tooth left in patient’s mouth.

Acrylic resin – pink

colored material; used
to come up with a
denture base

*Pontic and artificial

teeth/denture have
the same purpose of
replacing the missing natural teeth, however, the term
pontic is used when you are dealing with fixed
prosthodontics, while artificial teeth/denture teeth are
used in RPD and CD.

Assembled Cast Removable

Partial Denture - made of How it’s done?
chrome cobalt material
- Make an impression with the used of modeling
compound and stock tray
- Make a diagnostic cast with the use of plaster of
paris
- The diagnostic cast will be used to make an
Purely Acrylic Denture
impression tray termed as individual tray
- The material used for the fabrication of
individual tray will be the shellac base plate or
acrylic resin.
Single Tooth Denture - For final impression alginate will be used as a
material.
- The material - Once done with final impression, dental stone
used is the will be poured.
flexible acrylic - The dental stone cast will be used to produce the
resin denture but initially wax denture is given to the
patient for trial to check the fitting of the
denture, the occlusion, shape of artificial teeth
and the shade of the denture.
Combination of metal
and flexible acrylic resin Restorative/Operative Dentistry

• A branch of dentistry that focuses on the

preservation and restoration of decayed,
defective, missing and traumatized teeth.
o Triad Factors (Causative factor of dental
caries):
Long span partially ▪ Microorganism (streptococcus
edentulous – made of mutans)
flexible acrylic resin ▪ Fermentable carbohydrates
material ▪ Susceptible tooth structure
• Dental caries is one of the most prevalent
diseases affecting humans.
• G. V. Black divided caries into six classifications.
BLACK’S CLASSIFICATION

• Class 1 lesions:
o Lesions that begin in the structural
defects of teeth such as pits, fissures
and defective grooves.
o Locations include:
▪ Occlusal surface of molars and • Class 5 lesions:
premolars. o Lesions that are found at the gingival
▪ Occlusal two thirds of buccal third of the facial and lingual surfaces of
and lingual surfaces of molars anterior and posterior teeth.
▪ Lingual pits of upper anterior
tooth. (lateral incisors)

• Class 6 (Simon’s modification):

o Lesions involving cuspal tips and incisal
• Class 2 lesions: edges of teeth.
o They are found on the proximal surfaces
of the bicuspids and molars.

Several materials used in dealing with caries:

• Class 3 lesions: • Amalgam or composite
o Lesions found on the proximal surfaces • Base material:
of anterior teeth that do not involve or o Zinc oxide eugenol
necessitate the removal of the incisal o GIC
angle. o Polycarboxylate
o Zinc phosphate
• Cavity liners:
o Calcium hydroxide
o Varnish

• Class 4 lesions:
o Lesions found on the proximal surfaces
of anterior teeth that involve the incisal
angle.