COURSEPACK FOR

TECHNOLOGY FOR TEACHING

AND LEARNING 1
(EDUC 316)

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 Course Specification
Writer : MABELL B. BRIGOLE

COUSE TITLE: Technology for Teaching and Learning 1

COURSE DESCRIPTION: Technology for teaching and Learning 1 (TTL1). This is a 3-unit
introductory course that explores basic knowledge and skills and values in the use of technology for
teaching and learning. This course include ICT Policies and safety issues, media and technology in
various content areas, learning theories and principles in the use and design of learning lessons,
teaching-learning experiences and assessment tasks that utilize appropriate traditional and innovative
technologies with social, ethical and legal responsibility.

UNITS/CREDIT EQUIVALENT: 3 units

COURSE OUTCOMES:
At the end of the course, the student will be able to:
1. Explain ICT policies and safety issues as they impact on the teaching-learning process
2. Identify learning theories and principles applied in the design and development of lessons
through appropriate media and technologies for teaching learning
3. Integrate media and technology in various content areas
4. Formulate teaching-learning experiences and assessment tasks using appropriate and innovative
technologies
5. Demonstrate social, ethical, and legal responsibility in the use of technology tools and
resources.
LEARNING OUTCOMES
At the end of the lesson, the student will be able to:
1. Establish roles of educational technology in the 21st century classroom;
2. Identify ICT Policies that are Incorporated to the designed and implementation of teaching-
learning activities;
3. Identify learning theories and principles applied in the use and design of learning lessons with
technology
4. Integrate media and technology in various content areas;
5. Formulate teaching-learning experiences and assessment tasks using appropriate and innovative
technologies; and
6. Demonstrate social, ethical, and legal responsibility in the use of technology tools and
resources.

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Course pack Structure
Module Intended Learning Lessons Writer
Outcomes
Modue 1- Understand the role of A. Concepts about
Introduction to Educational Technology Educational
Technology for in Education Technology
Teaching and B. History of
Learning Educational
Technology and
Information and
Communication
Technology
C. Importance of
Educational
Technology
D. Roles of
Educational
Technology
Modules 2: ICT
Policies and Enumerate the national A. ICT National or
Safety Issues in ICT policies affecting International
Teaching and classroom practices Policies That Are
Learning Applicable to
Teaching and
Describe the Learning
implementation ICT
policies in teaching B. Safety Issues in
learning ICT

Identify ICT Policies that C. Uses of ICT

are Incorporated to the Policies in the
designed and Teaching and
implementation of Learning
teaching-learning Environment
activities

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 Module 3. Identify learning theories 1. Dale’s Cone of
Theories and and principles applied in Experience (with
Principles in the the use and design of equal attention given
Use and Design of learning lessons with to both the
Technology technology Conventional
Driven Learning Technology and the
Lessons Innovative and
Learning Theories Emerging
and Principles in: Technology for
Teaching
2.TPACK (Technology,
Pedagogy and
Content Knowledge)
3.ASSURE Model
(Analyze Learners,
State Objectives,
Select Methods,
Media, & Materials,
Utilize Media &
Materials, Require
Learner Participation,
Evaluate and Revise)

Module 4. ICT in Review teaching plans A. 21st Century

Various Content that Literacy Skills
Areas require learners to connect
the content of the lesson Digital Literacy
to society Skills
 Media
 Information
 ICT Literacy

Introduce sample B. Instructional

technology-enhanced Design Models
lessons to support learning  Gagne’s Nine
Events
 Bloom’s Revised
Taxonomy
 ADDIE
 Merill’s
Principles of
Introduce ICT and Instruction
conventional learning
materials designed to C. Technology Enhanced
enhance teaching-learning Teaching Lesson
Exemplars
Identify flexible learning
through online D. ICT and Conventional
communications Learning Materials to
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 (synchronous Enhance Teaching
/asynchronous modality) Learning

1.Digital Learning
Resources
a. Google Docs
b.Survey Monkey
c. Others

2.Conventional Learning
Resources
Describe flexible learning a. Flip charts
environment that enhances b.Realia
collaboration with the use c. Others
of technology tools
E. Distance Learning

Types of Online Distance

Learning
 Synchronous
Reflect on the use of  asynchronous
technology and on its
relevance and F. Technology Tools in a
appropriateness Collaborative Classroom
Environment

G. Relevance and
appropriateness in the use
of technology in teaching
and learning

Principles in selecting
instructional materials
based on their
appropriateness and
feasibility

 Appropriateness
( Target Learners
and
Instruction)
 Authenticity
(Dependable)
 Interest
 Cost (Economy)
 Organization and
Balance

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 And other considerations:
Environmental Factors,
Dynamic Variables
(e.g.size of class, attitudes,
etc

Module 5. Identify Technology- A. ICT and Assessment in

Innovative assisted tools in the Learning
Technologies for assessment of learning
Teaching- Demonstrate proficiency 1. Assessment Tools
Learning and in the formulation of
Assessment Task teaching-learning B. Tools in evaluating
experiences using appropriate assessment
innovative technologies tools for (ex. Checklist,
rating scale)

Technology-Enhanced
Lesson using the ASSURE
as Technology-Integration
Model

Module 6. Social,
ethical and Legal
responsibilities in
the Use of
Technology Tools
and Resources
Show, give examples,
observe social, ethical,
and legal responsibility in
the use of technology
tools and resources
Identify examples of
compliance of IPR in
educational setting
Enumerate digital safety
rules that ensure child
online safety and prevent
cyberbullying
Discuss safety rules in
obtaining resource
materials from local area
network-based and the
internet
A. Digital Citizenship
- Nine Elements of
Digital Citizenship
B. Social, Ethical and
Legal Responsibilities in
the use of Technology
Tools and Resources by
Teachers
C. Intellectual Property
Rights Applicable to the
Educational Setting:
Copyright and Related
Rights Copyright Law
(Part IV)

D. Digital Safety Rules

Describe the community Rule 1.: Research before
learners as netizens who you register
share and utilize digital Rule 2: Discriminate
materials
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 Rule 3: Think before
typing
Rule 4: Require ID
Rule 5: Trust your gut

E. Cyberbullying
F. Netizens in cyberspace
Practice standards Active Citizenship
netiquette in sharing and
G. Netiquette (social
utilizing shared materials
among learning conventions online)
communities H. Educational Sites and
Portals
Show/ demonstrate I. Online Communities of
support to school learners Learning e.g.
as part of learning  Facebook
community in their digital
 Twitter
culture and behaviors
 Instagram
Identify educational sites  Webinar
and portals suitable to J. Online Resources
their subject area  Opensource
 Multimedia
Join online expert and resources; video
learning communities sites
 Finding images
Use resources from  Music and audio;
relevant mailing lists and webcasts
online journals  Locate web
resources by topic
Others

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 MODULE 1
Introduction to Technology for Teaching and Learning
Welcome to the first lesson in the Technology for Teaching and Learning 2. This module will
enable you to define the concepts related to Information Communication Technology (ICT) and
Educational Technology. As a learner, you are using laptops, desktop or cellular phones to answer your
assignments or do research. It seems that every learner and the teacher are users of technology.
Educators are aware that technology is here to stay and be useful tools in enhancing teaching-learning
activities.

LEARNING OUTCOMES:
Understand the role Educational Technology in Education

LESSONS IN THE MODULES

Lesson 1: Concepts about Educational Technology
Lesson 2: History of Educational Technology and Information and Communication Technology.
Lesson 3: Importance of Educational Technology

Lesson 4: Roles of Educational Technology

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 LESSON 1
CONCEPTS ABOUT ICT AND EDUCATIONAL TECHNOLOGY

INTENDED LEARNING OUTCOME:

Define the concepts that are related to Information Communication Technology and
Educational Technology.

TIME FRAME: 3 hours

INTRODUCTION
You may be aware of the use of different technologies such as radio, television, computer, etc.,
in the teaching-learning process. In fact, all these technologies have transformed the teaching and
learning process. Radio, television and newer digital technologies such as computers, mobile and the
Internet constitute Information Communication Technology. They have been visualized as powerful
teaching- learning tools for optimizing learning outcomes of learners. This lesson focuses on the
concepts of ICT and Educational Technology

ACTIVITY: Fill with Gadgets

This activity will list the gadgets and tools used to facilitate tasks or work in the school.
Technology can be gadgets or tools that facilitate certain tasks or work. Using this knowledge, fill in
the following chart with tools or gadgets used in the following:
IN THE CLASSROOM IN THE LIBRARY IN THE SCHOOL
CANTEEN
1. 1. 1.
2. 2. 2.
3. 3. 3.
4. 4. 4.
5. 5. 5.
6. 6. 6.
7. 7. 7.
8. 8. 8.
9. 9. 9.
10. 10. 10.

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ANALYSIS
Do you consider the teacher as a highly promising technology? Why?
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ABSTRACTION:
CONCEPTS ABOUT ICT AND EDUCATIONAL TECHNOLOGY
1. Concepts of Technology
1.1. Technology as the use of gadgets, tools or equipment to perform a task faster and efficiently.

The knowing, making, modifying, and using

tools, machines, techniques, crafts, systems,
and method of organization, in order to solve a
problem, improve a pre-existing solution to a
problem, achieve a goal, handle an applied
input/output relation or perform a specific
function.

1.2 Technology as the collection of tools, including machinery, modification, arrangement and
procedures

This refers to reliable devices that enable one

to make presentations repeatedly.

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 1.3 Technology as gadgets

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 1.4 Teacher as technology

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 TEACHER…

• facilitates learning through the use of varied instructional materials like books, chalkboard,
magazines, newspapers, library materials & visual aids;
• uses visual technology, verbal technology, sound technology & manipulative technology;
uses gadgets & tools to make learning fast, efficient, and effective.
• There is a need to change from the traditional roles of technology-as-teacher to technology-as-
partner in the learning process.
• Earlier, it was believed that students cannot learn from technology.
• On the other hand, technology can support meaning-making by students. This happens when
student learn with technology.

To realize this, the following assumptions about technology are agreed upon:

1. Technology is more than a hardware.

– It is made up of any reliable technique or method of engaging learning, such as
cognitive learning strategies and critical thinking

Example: The use of metaphor.

If your are an insect, which insect would you like to be? Why?

2. Learning technologies can be any environment or definable set of activities that engage
learners in active, constructive, intentional, and authentic learning.
– Technology can be introduced in a form of a game.
Examples:

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 3. Technologies are not simply conveyors or communicators of meaning but they can also serve
as resource materials for reflection and other thinking skills.

Example:

The students may surf information from the computer but they should be asked to give their own
understanding by clarifying, illustrating, classifying, summarizing, inferring, comparing or
explaining.

4. Technologies support learning when:

• They fill a learning need.

– Example: Students can download sample rubrics to enable them to create their own
rubric.
• Interactions with technologies are learner-initiated and learner-controlled.
– Example: The students develop powerpoint presentation to make a clear and
interesting report within a given time limit. When slides are presented, the
classmates can easily understand the ideas being presented.

5. Interactions with the technologies are conceptually and intellectually engaging.

Example: The students create diagrams to show relationships between two variables in
presenting frameworks like achievement in Algebra is significantly related to
achievement in Mathematics.

MATHEMATICS ALGEBRA

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 When achievement in Algebra is high, achievement in Mathematics is also high.

6. Technologies should function as intellectual tool kits that enable learners to build more
meaningful personal interpretations and representations of the world.
• Example: Computer programs like word processing, provide the user with tool kits like
speller, thesaurus, grammar checker, etc. which help the students in their research, paper
presentations, games, animation using colors, fonts, pictures and desktop publishing.

7. Learners and technologies should be intellectual partners in the learning process where
cognitive responsibility for performing is distributed to the part of the partnership that
perform it the best.
• Example: Many students have laptop, which serve as a technological partner in their
studies. They also make materials using the different tool kits to facilitate the preparation
of schoolwork in the different subjects of their courses.

2. Concepts of Educational Technology

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 • The teacher and the learner should be able to select technologies which can help learners attain
the intended outcomes of instruction.
• The process of performing the experiment is a technology.

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 2.2. Educational Technology as the choice of appropriate principles in the preparation
and utilization of conventional and nonconventional tools and application of
traditional and alternative learning strategies

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 THEORY & PRACTICE ON THE DOMAINS OF EDUCATIONAL TECHNOLOGY

THEORY
• A supposition or a system of ideas intended to explain something, especially one based on
general principles independent of the thing to be explained.
(https://en.oxforddictionaries.com/definition/theory)
• Technology utilizes theory to build or develop tools and gadgets.

PRACTICE
• A repeated action in applying a particular theory.
• It promotes continuous implementation or use of particular gadget, tool, or activity.
• Through continuous practice, mastery eventually takes place.

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APPLICATION:
Based on your understanding, give two statements to describe the following concepts related to
Educational Technology.
1. Educational Technology as the selection, development, management and use of appropriate
technological processes and resources.

2. Educational Technology as the choice of appropriate principles in the preparation and utilization of
conventional and non-conventional technology tools as well as traditional and alternative teaching
strategies.

CLOSURE:
You just finished your lesson 1, I hope you learn something from our lesson. You are now
ready for the next lesson.
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 LESSON 2
HISTORY OF EDUCATIONAL TECHNOLOGY AND INFORMATION AND
COMMUNICATION TECHNOLOGY

INTENDED LEARNING OUTCOME:

At the end of this chapter, you are expected to trace the history and development of educational
technology and information and communication technology (ICT).

TIME FRAME: 3 hours

INTRODUCTION
You find meaning on events and things when you know your origin or history. Educational
Technology went through a series of historical development for improvement and usefulness. You will
appreciate it as you review the various changes it went through.

ACTIVITY: Chart those Technologies

Describe the various technologies in the history of technology by exemplifying them by age.

Technology During the Technology During the Technology During the

Stone Age Bronze Age Iron Age

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ANALYSIS
You gather information on the contributions of Educational Technology. What do you think are
the contributions of Educational Technology to teaching and Learning?

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ABSTRACTION:
STONE AGE
• Stone age technology could be shown
by the ignition of fire by rubbing two
stones, handmade weapon,
manufacturing, utensils making using
stones and the use of clothing from
animal skin and fur.
• They developed canoe-ship
technology which enabled them to
travel across ocean.
• Further, technology was shown by
using polished stone tools using hard
rocks which became a prelude to the
mining industry.

BRONZE AGE
• The bronze age period showed the
development of agricultural technology,
fishing technique, domesticating animals
and establishment of permanent homes
instead of going from one place to
another.
• The people also developed metal
technology using copper and bronze.

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 IRON AGE
• During the iron age, people made
progress by resorting to iron smelting
technology since iron was cheaper than
bronze.
• The iron age was the last period prior to
the discovery of writing.

EdTech During the Period of Ancient Civilization

Paul Saettler (2004) traced the development

of educational technology when the tribal
priests introduced bodies of knowledge &
ancient culture, and introduced sign writing
or pictographs to record or transmit
information.

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 • An important example of ancient language development was shown by Harappan people whose
writing was described as pictographic script.
• This writing technology was found on seals used in trade and official and administrative
activities.
• The Harappan people expanded their craft trough technology in making measuring tools of
length, mass and time.
• They also pioneered the development of weights and measures.

• The Chinese civilization, contributed

technology like paper, seismological
detectors, toilet paper, matches, iron
plough, suspension bridge, wheelbarrow,
parachute, natural gas as fuel, magnetic
compass, elevated relief map & gun
powder.

• With the invention of paper, came their

first step towards developments of
educational technology by further
culturing different handmade paper
products as means of visual aids.

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  Another language-related technology was
the ancient Egyptian language which was
one of the longest surviving & used
language in the world.
 Their script was made up of pictures of
the real things like birds, animals, diff.
tools, etc.
 Their language was made up of above
500 hieroglyphs which are known as
hieroglyphics.

EdTech During Medieval and Modern Period

• Paper and pulp papermaking process was developed in China during the early 2nd century AD,
was carried to the Middle East and was spread to the Mediterranean by the Muslim conquests.
• Evidences support that a paper mill was also established in Sicily in the 12 century.
• The discovery of spinning wheel increased the productivity of thread making process to a great
extent, this led to the production of cheap paper, which was a prime factor in the development
of printing technology.
• The invention of printing press took place
in approximately 1450 AD, by Johannes
Gutenberg, a German inventor.
• This event was a prime development
factor in the history of educational
technology to convey the instruction as
per the need of complex and advanced-
technology cultured society.
• The Gutenberg Bible was the first major
book printed in moveable type.

• In 1873, educational technology paved its way to be known as audio-visual education when an
international exhibition held in Vienna showcased the winning American exhibition of maps,
charts, textbooks and other equipment.

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 Maria Montessori
(1870-1952)
• An internationally renowned educator who introduced
the Montessori method, which developed graded
designed activities to provide for the proper
sequencing of subject matter for each individual
learner.
• This effort marked the beginning of the dynamic
educational technology.
• Modern edtech flourished as an extension of
Montessori’s idea of prepared child centered
environment.

Charles Babbage – Father of modern computer

• His design of general purpose computing
device laid the foundation of the modern
computer in 1883.

Other milestones in EdTech:

1929 – 1st TV broadcasts was done in Germany
1956 – Benjamin Bloom introduced the taxonomy of educational objectives
1960 – TV was used in education
1961 – micro teaching technique was 1st adopted by Dwight W. Allen & his colleagues at Stanford
University
1974 – computers were used in schools, colleges & universities

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STAGES OF EDUCATIONAL TECHNOLOGY DEVELOPMENT

STAGE 1

 The 1st stage of edtech is associated with

the use of aids like charts, maps, symbols,
models, specimens & concrete materials.
• Educational technology referred to audio-
visual aids.

STAGE 2

• This stage is the introduction of

electronics through the sophisticated
hardware and software.
• This stage shows the use of varies audio
visual gadgets like projector, tape
recorder, radio & television which
marked changes in the educational
scenario.

STAGE 3

• This stage revolved around the use

communication enhancement equipment
to promote mass media for instructional
purposes.
• Computer-assisted instruction (CAI)
became an important component in
instruction

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 STAGE 4

• This stage exemplified individualized

teaching & learning with the used of
programmed learning & programmed
instruction.
• It created a new approach to edtech with
the introduction of self-learning based on
self-instructional materials in the library,
in the computer or in their own
classroom.

STAGE 5

• This stage is influenced by the concept of

system engineering or system approach
which focuses on language laboratories,
teaching machines, programmed
instruction, multimedia technologies &
the use of computer in instruction.
• EdTech is a systematic way of designing,
carrying out & evaluating the total
process of teaching & learning in terms
of specific objectives based on research.

HISTORY OF INFORMATION AND COMMUNICATION TECHNOLOGY IN EDUCATION:

Five phases of Using Computers in Education

INFORMATION AND COMMUNICATION TECHNOLOGY

• The tools and the processes to access, retrieve, store, organise, manipulate, produce, present and
exchange information by electronic and other automated means.
• These include hardware, software and telecommunications. (Unesco)

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1. Late 1970’s – Early 1980’s: Programming, Drill & Practice
• This is the era when computers were
beginning to be used in school. It was in the
early years of 1980’s when teachers were
teaching automated data processing (ADP)
in class.
• The pedagogical reason to teach
programming was not to train programmers,
but to develop students’ logic and math
skills.
• There were also software developed by
teachers for simple drills & practice
exercises for math & language learning.
• These exercises didn’t help students much to
reach any deeper understanding, as they
were mainly simulating students’ short term
memory and “trial, error, trial, error” kind of
activity.

2. Late 1980’s – Early 1990’s: Computer Based Training (CMT) with Multimedia

• This was known as the golden era of CD-ROMs and multimedia computers which contributed a
lot to students’ learning.
• Students appeared to learn better by watching movies/animations and listening to audios
whereas some learned better by reading or watching still images.
• The multimedia CD-ROMs did not either get students to deep learning & understanding. They
failed to be useful almost in all other study subjects than language learning where part of the
study work of many people really requires hard practicing and repetition.

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3. Early 1990’s: Internet-Based Training (IBT)

• The 3rd wave of using computers in education came with the adoption of the WWW.
• The failure of CD-ROMs were deemed related to the challenges to update the content of the
CD-ROMs.
• Since information changes so fast, the internet became a rich source of expanding knowledge in
giving Internet-based training, but again without the multimedia, all one could do on the
Internet were early experiments with animations, videos and audios.
• It was noticed that merely clicking and reading e-learning course materials online didn’t make
people very smart.
• Later, users of internet-based training found it not to be pedagogical, cost &time efficient,
because after going through the internet-based training, very little learning occurred.

4. Late 1990’s – Early 2000: E-learning

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 • The e-learning industry was built on this period, the markets for e-learning courses and
especially for Learning Management Systems (LMS) were created.
• An enormous number of websites, articles & companies made it clear to all concerned with
education that this is something they must be involved in.
• The pedagogical thinking around e-learning is closely related to the computer-based training.
• The point is to deliver courses for students.
• Later on, the learning platform developers has become more aware that learning requires social
activities among the learners themselves.

5. Late 2000: Social software + Free and Open Content

• Social software & free and open content

marked a real breakthrough in the field of
educational technology.
• Blogs and wikis have already brought web
back to its original idea: simple tool for
personal notes that are easily accessible &
even editable by peers and your potential
peers.
• The pedagogical thinking behind the social
software & free and open content can be
rooted to the social constructivist theory &
cultural-historical psychology.
• “Any true understanding is dialogic in
nature.” Mikhail Bakhtin & Lev Vygotsky
wrote that “all higher (mental) function
originate as actual relations between human
individuals.”
• Learning with computers is not only about
programming or drill and practice, nor
about multimedia, nor about fast updating
or cost-efficiency – it is all about people
sharing ideas.

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APPLICATION: History in Timeline
Capsulize the history and development of Educational Technology and ICT. Trace the history and
development of Educational Technology and ICT by creating a timeline. Be sure to present it in a
creative way.
EDUCATIONAL TECHNOLOGY

ICT

CLOSURE:
Congratulations! You have finished lesson 2. Now we will move forward with lesson 3.
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 LESSON 3
IMPORTANCE OF EDUCATIONAL TECHNOLOGY

INTENDED LEARNING OUTCOME:

Establish the importance of educational technology in facilitating teaching and learning.

TIME FRAME: 1 ½ hours

INTRODUCTION
This lesson deals with the importance of educational technology to the learners, teachers, school
administration and even to parents. After this lesson, you will appreciate the value of educational
technology after realizing its contribution to enhance the application of the four pillars of education,
namely: learning to know, learning to do, learning to be, and learning to live with others in the 21st
century classroom based on research findings.

ACTIVITY:
Show the many importance of Educational Technology through images. Indicate or describe the image.
IMAGE DESCRIPTION

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ANALYSIS

1. Why do you think technology is important in your studies?

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ABSTRACTION:
BENEFITS OF TECHNOLOGY IN EDUCATION
 INSTRUCTIONAL EFFECTIVENESS

• Multimedia instruction increase

student achievement.
• Students appear to be much
interested when more senses are
involved in lesson presentation &
activities.
• They learn more when they see and
read, hear and experience exercises
designed for them.

 ACTIVE LEARNING

• Interactive technologies supply

stimulating environments that
encourage student involvement in the
learning process.
• Students enjoy playing games, solving
problems and working interactively
with computer lessons, modules, and
practice exercises.

 CRITICAL THINKING

• The structure & use of technology can

promote higher-level thinking skills.
• The learner-participants are assisted to
remember, understand, apply, synthesize,
evaluate and create.
• Technology can design exercises to
enrich thinking skills, making decisions
& testing the credibility of such decisions
through reflective and reasonable
thinking.

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  COOPERATIVE LEARNING
• Well-structured cooperative learning
activities can foster “the development of
leadership abilities, teamwork &
improved self-esteem.”
• These conditions will uplift the ego of the
slow learners and give a sense of
achievement among the bright ones
through helping others improve their
learning.

 COMMUNICATION SKILLS

• Communication skills can be enhanced

by using technology in small groups & by
integrating telecommunications into the
curriculum.
• Exposure to correct pronunciation,
diction & enunciation will encourage the
students to emulate what they hear.
• Exposure to good & correct grammar will
enable them to get used to speaking &
proper communication.

 MULTISENSORY DELIVERY

• Technology supplies information through

multiple sensory channels, allowing the
students with various learning styles to
assimilate and apply knowledge.
• As the experts say, the more senses are
involved, the better the assimilation of
knowledge and learning.

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  MULTICULTURAL EDUCATION

• Telecommunication make it possible to

expand classroom “walls” and link
students and teachers in national and
international exchanges.

IMPORTANCE OF TECHNOLOGY IN SCHOOL

• Children conversant with technology show improvements in their writing, reading and math
skills.
• Technology has also contributed to the decrease in drop out rates, improvement in student
attendance and enhancement in their learning abilities.
• Technology in school benefits the children during their higher education. It lays strong
foundation of the successful professional life of an individual.
• Computers can offer livelier explanations of various subjects. The Internet is an ocean of
information, which can be harnessed for the rendition of information in school.
• The inclusion of technology in the process of learning makes learning an enjoyable activity,
thus inviting greater interest from the kids.
• The knowledge from all around the world can be better assimilated by them.
• The administration processes, the official procedures of school can be simplified by means of
technology. School records, the information about all the students and the teachers and also
other school employees can efficiently be maintained by means of the advanced technology.
• The data pertaining to the school employees and students can effectively be stored in a school
database.
• The school could have a library system, which, by the utilization of technology, can be
maintained in an efficient manner.
• On similar line, the attendance records of the pupils and teachers can be maintained by means
of student database.
• Moreover, the school can host a website of its own, holding information about the school. The
introduction of technology in schools can thus result in a decreased use of paper and in bringing
most of the school office work in an e-format.
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IMPORTANCE OF EDUCATIONAL TECHNOLOGY IN LEARNING
1. Technology provides important tools to
support knowledge construction for
presenting learners’ ideas,
understandings & beliefs and for
producing organized, multimedia bases
for learners.
• Manuals & workbooks are important
materials in adding knowledge to the
existing information of the learners.
• Using technology materials can be
presented in diff. media like
transparencies, slides, posters, diorama &
storyboard.

2. Technology serves as information vehicle for

exploring knowledge to support learning-by-
constructing.
• Example: Technology is used for
accessing needed information. Books as
technology are used for research and
resources for answering questions.
• Internet also provides good source of
knowledge among the learners.

3. Technology is important when used for

comparing perspectives, beliefs & world views.
• Example: Newspaper as technology
provides information on the current
issues and events happening around the
world.
• The Internet provides a rich pool of data
which enables the learner to compare
events, materials, and beliefs.
• Books as technology also give
information about differences of insects,
plants, and animals and other
information.

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Technology as context is important to support learning by doing as:
1. Representing & simulating meaningful real-
world problems, situations and contexts.
Technology provides varied materials that cater
to the different senses that are stimulated by the
activities & technology used to better understand
the lesson.
• Example: Using real object like texture
of diff. bark of trees to develop the
concept of rough & smooth. Smell of
wood can also be taken up along with the
varies colors of wood. Hard & soft wood
can also be tried by using some carving
materials.

2. Representing beliefs, perspectives, arguments

& stories of others.
• Technology in the form of
documentation and picture taking can
show some religious beliefs like the
conduct of baptism, wedding, fiestas &
processions.
• Books, magazines, and other literary
features in newspapers reveal stories of
others about events in family life.

3. Defining safe, controllable problem space for

student thinking.
• Students can be given exercises about
thinking critically.
• Critical thinking is the reflective
reasonable thing focused on what one
believes and does.
• When confronted with problems, the
technology related to thinking skills are
used by the learners to find the
reasonable solution by analyzing,
synthesizing & evaluating to come up
with a judgment.

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Technology as a social medium is important to support learning by conversing through:
1. Collaborating with others.
• Example: Young students listen to
political candidates’ plans after election
and collaborate with other voters in
analyzing who is the best candidate to be
chosen.

2. Discussing, arguing & building consensus

among members of the community.
• Example: Students can form health
brigade & discuss with community
people how to observe cleanliness &
healthy upkeep of surroundings to
prevent diseases like dengue, typhoid
fever, cholera & other diseases.
• They can argue on wrong practices in the
use of leisure time like gambling,
drinking wine and the use of drugs
through positive reminders & posters
showing the after-effect of these vices.

3. Supporting discourse among knowledge

building communities.
• Example: Students can initiate activities
like putting up a community vegetable
garden through sessions on what, why,
and how in gardening.
• Students can discuss the food value of the
vegetables and the proper preparation and
cooking of vegetables.

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Technology as an intellectual partner through:
1. Helping learners to articulate & represent
what they have learned & how they come to
know it.
• Example: Students can be asked to write
reflective journals about the teacher’s
performance by jotting down the
objectives of the lesson for the week, the
strategies used by teacher. In this
exercise, the teacher will be aware of
how the lessons were delivered.

2. Supporting learners’ internal negotiations and

meaning making.
• Example: The student can led to a
dialogical thinking exercise where two
sides will be given like who is more
intelligent, girls or boys?
• The students will be asked to enumerate
the reasons and defend each side.
• After looking at the two sides, then the
students will be asked to select the
premise which was well defended.
• The teacher will then provide the answer
supported by theory & principles.

3. Constructing personal representations of

meaning for supporting mindful thinking.
• Example: The students will be asked to
answer: “If you are a communication
gadget, what will you be?” A student may
select a “microphone” – so that that
thoughts could be heard by listeners who
are far from the speaker.
• Another will select a radio, and would
reason out that many news could be
relayed to others.
• This exercise will promote mindful
thinking to support personal
representations.

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 • Research indicates that technology, when used effectively, whether from the traditional or
constructivist point of view, and when used effectively, “increases students’ learning,
understanding, and achievements but also augments, motivation to learn, encourages
collaborative learning and supports the development of critical thinking and problem-solving
skills.” (Shacter and Fagnano, 1999)

APPLICATION: Educational Technology At Its Best!

Discuss the importance of technology in facilitating teaching and learning. Include basis to
establish the importance.
___________________________________________________________________________________

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CLOSURE:
We now concluded our lesson 3, hope you learn a lot from our lesson. Now, be ready for lesson
4.

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 LESSON 4
ROLES OF EDUCATIONAL TECHNOLOGY

INTENDED LEARNING OUTCOME:

Establish the importance of educational technology in facilitating teaching and learning.

TIME FRAME: 1 ½ hours

INTRODUCTION
This lesson will enable you to discern the roles of educational technology which will help in
selecting particular lessons and situations where technology can be applied. This knowledge will help
you in designing activities and projects with the appropriate technology application.

ACTIVITY: EDTECH and the Four PILLARS

This activity will focus on the relationship of the four pillars of education on the roles of Educational
Technology in the 21st century classrooms.

Learning to Know
Write one paragraph discussing how technology can increase students’ ability to find answer to
the questions raised in class.
___________________________________________________________________________________
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___________________________________________________________________________________

ANALYSIS

1. As a soon-to-be educator, what do you think are the roles of educational technology in the teaching
and learning process?

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ABSTRACTION:

THE FOUR PILLARS OF EDUCATION AND THE 21ST CENTUY SKILLS

Each learner must consider education as a life long learning and certain skills are associated
with each pillar of education. There are four pillars of education, namely: Learning to learn, Learning
to do, Learning to live together, and Learning to be. Educational Technology is closely related to the
four pillars because technology skills and tools help the learner attains them.

1. Learning to know

2. Learning to do

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3. Learning to live together

4. Learning to be

ELEMENTS FOR USING TECHNOLOGY IN EDUCATION

Element 1. Motivation
This entails:
 Gaining learner attention
 Encouraging the learner through production work
 Increasing perceptions of learner control
 Technology use as motivation

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Element 2. Unique Instructional Capabilities
This deals with instructional capabilities is closely related to the four pillars of educations.
They set the use of technology in molding the individual to meet the demands of the 21 st century
through the following:
 Linking learners to information sources (Learning to know)
 Helping learners visualize problems and solutions (Learning to do)
 Tracking learners’ progress (Learning to be)
 Linking learners to learning tools

Element 3. Support for New Instructional Approaches

The educational system is struggling to revamp its instructional goals and methods in
preparation for the complex demands of life in the technology-driven 21sy century. Educators are
beginning to look at technology resources to help make these new directions at once feasible and
motivational to students. Several new instructional initiatives can benefit from applications of
technology:
 Cooperative Learning
 Shared Intelligence
 Problem Solving and Higher-level skills

Element 4. Increased Teacher Productivity

Using technology resources can help teachers cope with the growing paperwork load. This
includes:
 Freeing time to work with students by helping with production and record keeping tasks.
 Providing more accurate information quickly.
 Allowing teachers to produce better-looking, more “student-friendly” materials quickly.

Element 5. Required Skills for an Information Age

The final and most compelling reason for integrating technology into teaching and learning is the
need for students to learn skills that will prepare them to become lifelong learners in an information
society. They need to be equipped with the skills to learn to know by gathering information in addressing
problems in school and in real-life situations. Since the emergence of the Internet, many processes
involved in locating and communicating information now involved some form of technology.

 Technology Literacy
Technology Literacy is the ability to safely, responsibly, creatively, and effectively use
appropriate technology to:

 communicate;
 access, collect, manage, integrate, and evaluate information;

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  endeavor to predict future needs, solve problems and innovatively create solutions;
 build and share knowledge;
 improve and enhance learning in all subject areas and experiences;
 apply technology and critical thinking to real-world experiences;
 develop the knowledge and skills to adapt to changing technologies; and
 use technology to meet personal needs, interests, and learning styles.

 Information Literacy

Information literacy is the ability to find, evaluate, organize, use, and communicate information
in all its various formats, most notably in situations requiring decision making, problem solving,
or the acquisition of knowledge. It is a combination of research skills, critical thinking skills,
computer technology skills, and communication skills. Information literacy is essential for
academic success, effective functioning in the workplace, and participation in society as
knowledgeable citizens.

 Visual Literacy

Visual literacy is the ability to interpret, negotiate, and make meaning from information
presented in the form of an image, extending the meaning of literacy, which commonly signifies
interpretation of a written or printed text.

APPLICATION: Picture-Role Association

Given the following roles of Educational Technology, find an instructional material that can
best suit these roles. Get a picture, a screenshot or draw the instructional material and place it in the
box designated. Opposite it, describe how you will use the instructional material to describe the role.
1. Motivation
PICTURE DESCRIPTION ON THE ROLE OF THE INSTRUCTIONAL
MATERIAL

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 2. Unique Instructional Capabilities

PICTURE DESCRIPTION ON THE ROLE OF THE INSTRUCTIONAL

MATERIAL

3. Support for new Instructional Approaches

PICTURE DESCRIPTION ON THE ROLE OF THE INSTRUCTIONAL
MATERIAL

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 4. Increase Teacher Productivity
PICTURE DESCRIPTION ON THE ROLE OF THE INSTRUCTIONAL
MATERIAL

5. Required Sills for an Information Age

PICTURE DESCRIPTION ON THE ROLE OF THE INSTRUCTIONAL
MATERIAL

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CLOSURE:
Congratulations! You just have finished the last lesson for this module.

MODULE ASSESSMENT
E.D.T.E.C.H.
Create a meaning for the letters of EDTECH that would indicate the role of Educational
Technology in the 21st century classroom. The roles should be based on research findings. Remember
to cite the sources.

E
D
T
E
C
H

MODULE SUMMARY
The roles of educational technology and ICT are essential in the 21st century classroom.
Technology plays a traditional role, as delivery vehicles for instructional lessons or in a constructivist
way as partners in the learning process. In the traditional way, the learner learns from the technology and
the technology serves as a teacher.

In other words, the learner learns the content presented by the technology in the same way that
the learner learns knowledge presented by the teacher. In the constructivist way, technology helps the
learner build more meaningful personal interpretations of life and his/her world. In the constructivist
approach, technology is a learning tool to learn with, not from. It makes the learner gather, think, analyze,
synthesis information and construct meaning with what technology presents. Technology serves as a
medium in representing what the learner knows and what he/she is learning.

REFERENCES:
1. Ballado, R. (2012). Basic concepts in educational technology 1. Manila, PH: Rex Bookstore.

2. Lucido, P. & Corpuz, B. (2012). Educational technology 2. Quezon City : Lorimar Publishing Co.

3. Tabbada, E.V. & Buendia, M.M. Educational technology 1. Quezon City: Adriana Publishing Co.

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