MODULE 5 THEORIES AND PRINCIPLES IN THE USE AND DESIGN OF TECHNOLOGY-DRIVEN LEARNING LESSON

EDUC 212
MODULE

4
TECHNOLOGY FOR TEACHING AND LEARNING (TTL1)

ROLES OF TECHNOLOGY FOR

TEACHING AND LEARNING

CONTENTS
OBJECTIVES
PRE TEST
CONTENT LESSON
1
LEARNING
ACTIVITY
ASSESSMENT
REFERENCES

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MODULE 5 THEORIES AND PRINCIPLES IN THE USE AND DESIGN OF TECHNOLOGY-DRIVEN LEARNING LESSON

Name of Student
___________________________________________________________________________
Course: ____________________________________________________Year and Section________________
Address: _________________________________________________________________________________
Email Address: ____________________________________________ Contact No.:_____________________
Subject Instructor: LEA EVANGELISTA-MICIANO

MODULE 4 ROLES OF TECHNOLOGY FOR TEACHING AND LEARNING

OBJECTIVES

At the end of the topic, the students must have:

 Identified the roles of technology in teaching and learning
 Defined the roles of technology in teaching and learning
 Appreciated the value of technology in supporting student’s learning.

PRETEST

Directions: Write a short descriptive paragraph of how will you use technology when you became a teacher.

___As a potential teacher, one of the most critical tools for becoming an excellent
instructor is technology. It is also a huge assistance to me in terms of supporting teaching
and learning. As far as I am aware, being a teacher is a duty; yet, it will allow me to
simplify my job with a single click on my computer. Technology will be my companion in
my day-to-day work as a teacher. I plan to use technology in the classroom to boost
student support and engagement while also expanding learning possibilities.

LESSON 1: DALE’S CONE OF EXPERIENCE

The Roles of Technology for Teachers and teaching and for learners and learning. According to Stosic
(2015), educational technology has three domains:
1. Technology as a tutor .Together with the teacher, technology can support the teacher to teach
another person or technology when programmed by the teacher can be a tutor on its own. The
teacher will simply switch on or switch off radio programs, television programs or play DVD’s,
or CD’s that contain educational programs. There are on-line tutorial educational programs too.

2. Technology as a teaching tool. Like a tutor, technology is a teaching tool for learning. As a
learning tool, it makes learning easy and effective. It can produce learning outcomes that call
for technology-assisted teaching. Even the teachers who are teaching can utilize similar tools
for learning. As a learning tool it is very interesting that even the elderly use these tools for
learning for life.
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A. For Teachers and Teaching

There are numerous roles that technology plays in the job of teachers. As a tool, technology has
opened wider avenues in management of resources and management of learning. Likewise, it has
modernized the teaching-learning environment in schools. Here are some examples of the myriad of roles
that technology can do for teachers and teaching.

1. Technology provides enormous support to the teacher as the facilitator of learning. It transforms a
passive classroom to an active and interactive one, with audio-visual aids, charts and models,
smart classrooms, e-learning classrooms which motivate and increase attention level of learners.
Many of these can be searched on the web.

2. Technology has modernized the teaching-learning environment. The teachers are assisted and
supplemented with appropriately structured instructional materials for daily activities. There are
varied available technology-driven resources which can be utilized for remedial lesson or activities.
Likewise there are also a lot of technology-driven resources that can be used for enrichment
purposes. You may search for the examples on the web.

3. Technology improves teaching- learning process and ways of teaching. This will make the act of
teaching more efficient and effective. There are arrays of teaching methods and strategies that can
be use technology which are found compatible with learning styles. The multiple intelligence theory
of Howard Gardner tells us that there is a genius in every child. This implies that there must be
varied ways of teaching as there are many varied ways of learning. All the learning styles can find
support from technology, so that teaching will be more effective an efficient.

4. Technology opens new fields in educational researches. The areas of teaching testing an
evaluation are enhanced by technologies for teaching and learning. Current educational
researchers will no longer find difficulty in interpreting tests, assessment and other evaluation
results. There are available programs that can analyse and interpret results with speed and
accuracy. Reference retrieval is also hastened because many of the research materials are in
digital form. Technology has also provided access to big data that can be processed for problem
solving and inquiry.

5. Technology adds to the competence of each teachers and inculcates scientific outlook. Through
the utilization of theories of learning and intelligence, which are explained in references uploaded in
the net, the teachers are encouraged to imbibe skills to source these information with speed and
accuracy.

6. Technology supports teacher professional development. With the demand of continuing

professional development for teachers, the availability of technology provides alternative way of
attending professional development online. For those who are involved as providers of continuing
professional development like trainers, facilitators or organizers, they can level up or enhance their
delivery systems with the support of technology tools.

B. For Learners and Learning

1. Support learners to learn how to learn on their own. All teachers fully understand that subject
matter or content is a means to achieve the learning outcomes. There are three categories of
knowledge according to Egbert (2009): declarative knowledge, structural knowledge and
procedural knowledge.
a. Declarative knowledge consists of the discrete pieces of information that answers the
questions what, who, and where. It is often learned through memorization of facts, drills
and practice. It can be learned by simple mnemonics or conceptual maps. Declarative
knowledge is the fundamental knowledge necessary for students to achieve more
complex higher order thinking such as critical thinking and creativity, inquiry and
production.

b. Structural knowledge consists of facts or pieces of declarative knowledge put together

to attain some form of meaning. An example of declarative knowledge is “pencil”. The
idea that evolved from a pencil is an understanding that: “it is something used to write”.
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This is referred to as structural knowledge. It can be presented by concept maps,

categorization or classification.
c. Procedural knowledge is knowledge in action or the knowledge of how to do something.
It is based on facts but learned through the process of procedural knowledge. Examples
include how to drive a car, how to use a cell phone, or how to speak English. Procedural
knowledge is indicated by a performance task or graphical representation of a concept.
Traditional sources of knowledge are printed books, modules, and journals. Other sources are
primary sources such as information taken from research. However, knowledge or content can
be learned in many ways.
2. Technology enhances learners communication skills through social interactions. This is commonly
described as the transmittal of information from one person to another as single individual or groups of
individuals. According to Shirley (2003) in Egbert (2009), there are three basic communication patterns:

a. Point to point two –way or one-to-one like Internet chat, phone conversation or even face-to-
face conversation.
b. One to many outbound like a lecture, television. There is no social interaction.
c. Many to many like group discussion, buzz session, heads together. This kind of interaction
provides opportunities for social interaction.
Social interaction occurs in two ways where the participant ask for clarification, argue,
challenge each other and works toward common understanding. Social interaction through
communication occurs through technology (directly between two persons via email, a cell
phone or other communication technology). It can also occur around technology like students
discussing about a problem posed by a software program or with support of technology like
teachers and students interacting about the worksheet printed from a website. In all the three
modalities, communication occurs and technology is involved.
For this particular role, what are the benefits derived from technology supported communication?
a. Enables any teacher to guide the learners virtually and making learning unlimited because
communication and social interaction go beyond a school environment.
b. Enhances student’s freedom to express and exchange ideas freely without the snooping eyes
of the teacher face to face.
c. Enables learners to construct meaning from joint experience between the two or more
participants in communication.
d. Help learners solve problems from multiple sources since there is limitless sources of
information that the teacher can direct or refer to the learners
e. Teachers learners to communicate with politeness, taking turns in sending information and
giving appropriate feedback
f. Enhances collaboration by using communication strategies with wider community and
individuals in a borderless learning environment
g. Develops critical thinking, problem solving and creativity throughout the communication\

3. Technology upgrades learners high-order-thinking skills: critical thinking, problem solving and creativity
Twenty-first century learning requires the development of higher-order-thinking skills.
Technology has a great role to play in the development and enhancement of these skills. Let’s
discuss in the lesson.

Critical thinking is part of the cluster of higher order thinking skills. It refers to the ability to interpret,
explain, analyse, evaluate, infer, and self- regulate in order to make good decisions. With the use of
technology, one will be able to evaluate the credibility of the source, ask appropriate questions,
become open minded, defend a position on an issue and draw conclusion with caution. All of these
competencies are covered by Bloom’s Taxonomy of Analysis, Synthesize and Evaluation.
Teachers play a significant role in supporting learners with technology
- As a role model, teachers should display and practice critical thinking processes, so that the
learners can imitate them.
Here are some ways that teachers can do to develop critical thinking.

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a. Ask the right questions.

Most often teachers ask question to find out if the students can simply repeat the
information from the lesson. Although these are necessary, questions like what, who and
where, these do not develop critical thinking. Critical thinking questions should ask for clarity,
accuracy, precision, relevance, depth, breadth and logic.

Clarity- Here are some examples: Can you give examples of…
Accuracy – What pieces of evidence support your claim?
Precision – Exactly how much. . . . .
Breadth – What o you think will be the other group say about the issue?

b. Use critical thinking tasks with appropriate level of challenge.

Teachers should be mindful of readiness of the students. Students who have higher ability
may find the task too easy, thus getting bored early, while those who have low ability may fin
the task difficult. Thus, there is a need to have activities that are appropriate for the learners.
These can be determined by interview, observations and other forms to determine the level of
readiness.

What are some simple ways that teachers should do?

1. Vary the questions asked.
2. Introduce new technologies.
3. Modify the learners grouping.
4. Modify the critical thinking task
5. Encourage curiosity.
By nature learners are curious. They ask lots of questions all the time. Why is the sky
blue? Why do I have to learn geometry? How do people choose what will they become in the
future? Can robots solve the problem of climate change? How?
These questions will lead to critical thinking, but some of these questions are cannot be
answer by the teacher. The unanswered questions are avoided or answered unsatisfactorily.
Sometimes teacher shutdown the questions that curtails the first step in critical thinking. The
internet as a problem solving and research tool can help find answers to the questions.

Creativity is characterized as involving the ability to think flexibly, fluently, originally, and elaborately
(Guildford, 1986 & Torrance, 19744 in Egbert, 2009).
Creativity is not merely a set of technical skills; but it also involves feelings; beliefs, knowledge
and motivation.
Flexibly means able to use many points of view.
Fluently means able to generate many ideas.
Originally implies being able to generate new ideas.
Elaborately means able to add details.
Seven Creative Strategies (Osborn, 1963). These have been simplified into fewer categories. To be
creative, one can use any of these strategies.
SCAMPER STRATEGY
1. Substitute- find something else to replace to do what it does.
2. Combine- blend two things that do not usually go together.
3. Adapt- look for other ways this can be used.
4. Modify/Magnify/Minify- make a change, enlarge, decrease.
5. Put to another use- find other uses.
6. Eliminate- reduce, remove
7. Reverse- turn upside-down, inside out , front-side back.
Here are some suggestions of a Teacher can support student’s creativity:
1. Provide an enriched environment.
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2. Teach creative thinking strategies.

3. Allow learners to show what they can do.
4. Use creativity with technology.
Further, teachers can do the following to develop and enhance critical thinking,
problem solving. As a future teacher try these suggestions.
1. Encourage students to find and use information from variety of sources both on-line and off-
line.
2. Assist students to compare information from different sources.
3. Allow student to reflect through different delivery modes like writing, speaking, or drawing.
4. Involve students in creating and questioning assessment.
To do these, the teacher should see to it that right questions are asked student’s tasks should
be appropriate to the levels of challenge and curiosity is encouraged.

LEARNING ACTIVITY:

Write an essay about your personal experience on how technology has influenced your life
as a learner from elementary, high school and college

How technology Influenced my life as a learner and

what are the changes over time?

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ASSESSMENT :

Identification: Identify the ff. Write your answer on the space provided for.

_____________________ 1. These consists of the discrete pieces of information that answers the
questions what, who, and where. It is often learned through memorization of facts, drills and practice. It
can be learned by simple mnemonics or conceptual maps.
____________________ 2. The sources of knowledge are printed books, modules, and journals.
____________________ 3. This is knowledge in action or the knowledge of how to do something. It is
based on facts but learned through the process.
____________________ 4. These means outbound like a lecture, television. There is no social
interaction.
____________________ 5. This is a part of the cluster of higher order thinking skills. It refers to the ability
to interpret, explain, analyse, evaluate, infer, and self- regulate in order to make good decisions.
___________________ 6. This means able to generate many ideas.
___________________ 7. They blend two things that do not usually go together.
___________________ 8. This means able to use many points of view.
___________________ 9. This means looks for other ways something can be used again.
___________________ 10. This means together with the teacher, technology can support the teacher to
teach another person or technology when programmed by the teacher.
Choose the correct answer from the opinions given. Write letter of the correct answer in the space
provided for.
___________________ 11. Which statement about technology in teaching and learning is FALSE?
A. Technology has modernized teaching and learning.\
B. Use of technology promotes higher order thinking.
C. Millennial teachers are not ready to use technology in teaching.
D. To teach in the 21st century, technology use is indispensable.
___________________ 12. How did technology open new fields of educational research?
A. Enabled researchers to process data faster and more accurate
B. Created research tools with rigor to collect data
C. Provided different ways of collecting information for evaluation
D. All of the above
___________________ 13. What value does the use of technology give teachers?
A. Provides support for teachers facilitators of learning
B. Transforms passive classroom interactive classrooms
C. Enhances learners communication skills
D. All of the above
__________________ 14. How can learners benefit most in the use of technology?
A. Enhances global awareness and citizenship
B. Enables the students to participate in the on-line gaming
C. Increase addiction in internet games
D. A&B
____________________ 15. In which area of learning has technology given the most influence?

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A. Distance learning
B. Face to face learning
C. On the job learning
D. Blended learning

RUBRICS FOR THE LEARNING ACTIVITY

REFERENCES:

 Educational Technology 1, Paz I. Lucido, Lorimar Publishing Inc, 2008

 Technology for Teaching and Learning I, Bilbao et al.Lorimar Publishing Inc.2019

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