Topic 1

Introduction to
Microbiology
a) Scope and Histroy of microbiology

b) Characterization, Classification and

identification of microorganisms
Scope and Histroy of microbiology
Scope and Histroy of microbiology
Scope and Histroy of microbiology
Scope and Histroy of microbiology
Scope and Histroy of microbiology
Scope and Histroy of microbiology
Scope and Histroy of microbiology
Scope and Histroy of microbiology
Scope and Histroy of microbiology
Scope and Histroy of microbiology
Scope and Histroy of microbiology
Scope and Histroy of microbiology
Scope and Histroy of microbiology
Scope and Histroy of microbiology
Scope and Histroy of microbiology
Scope and Histroy of microbiology
Scope and Histroy of microbiology
Scope and Histroy of microbiology
Scope and Histroy of microbiology
Scope and Histroy of microbiology

Louis Pasteur's (1822-1895)

Scope and Histroy of microbiology
Scope and Histroy of microbiology
Scope and Histroy of microbiology
Scope and Histroy of microbiology
Scope and Histroy of microbiology
Scope and Histroy of microbiology
Scope and Histroy of microbiology
Characterization, Classification and
identification of microorganisms
Characterization, Classification and
identification of microorganisms
Characterization, Classification and
identification of microorganisms
Characterization, Classification and
identification of microorganisms
Characterization, Classification and
identification of microorganisms
Characterization, Classification and
identification of microorganisms
Characterization, Classification and
identification of microorganisms
Characterization, Classification and
identification of microorganisms
Characterization, Classification and
identification of microorganisms
Characterization, Classification and
identification of microorganisms
Characterization, Classification and
identification of microorganisms
It uses fluorescent probes that bind
to only those parts of the
chromosome with a high degree of
sequence complementarity
 What is flow cytometry?

Flow cytometry is a method of measuring multiple physical

and chemical characteristics of particles by optical means.

• Peripheral blood, Bone marrow cells

• Bacteria
• Yeast
 Applications of Flow Cytometry

• Cell size.
• Cytoplasmic granularity.
• Cell surface antigens (phenotyping).
• Apoptosis.
• Intracellular cytokine production.
• Intracellular signalling.
• Gene reporter (GFP).
• Cell cycle, DNA content, composition, synthesis.
• Bound and free calcium.
• Cell proliferation (BRDU and CFSE)
• Cell sorting, single cell cloning
Phenotyping, Size detection:

Sample requirements:

A suspension of single cells or other particles

in a suitable buffer, usually PBS.

Typical density : 105 - 107 cells / ml

A cytometer consists of:

Electronics

Fluidics
Light detectors

Computer

Laser
Light
488nm