Mrunal Monthly CA Laptop Friendly 2021 11 Nov

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Mrunal’s Monthly Current Affairs- 2021-November Page 1 of 141

Table of Contents
10 PREFACE / FAQ ............................................................................................. 4
10.1.1 What is this PDF?................................................................................... 4
10.1.2 Why are there so many grammar and spelling mistakes? ................. 4
10.1.3 Why is it so Bulky? why so many pages? ............................................ 4
10.1.4 Why is it not as “EXHAUSTIVE”/”COMPREHENSIVE” as other
institutes’ CA-PDF files? ...................................................................................... 5
10.1.5 Can I completely rely on this for my current affairs preparation? ... 5
10.1.6 What about previous months’ Monthly PDF? ................................... 5
11 Economy ......................................................................................................... 7
11.1 1A1-Money- � ...................................................................................... 8
11.2 1B-Bank Classification & Loans � ...................................................... 11
11.3 1C: SEBI Sharemarket ........................................................................... 14
11.4 1d �Insurance-Pension-Fin-Inclusion ............................................... 16
11.5 2-Budget-Taxation � .......................................................................... 17
11.6 3A-Intl-Trade � .................................................................................. 22
11.7 4A-Agriculture ...................................................................................... 24
11.8 4c-GDP/Inflation �/Unemployment ................................................. 28
11.9 5-Infrastructure .................................................................................... 32
11.10 6-HRD: Edu �/Health/Poverty ....................................................... 37
12 Environment �/Pollution �/Biodiversity ................................................ 44
13 Polity & Governance .................................................................................... 53
13.1 Polity � → 6-Rights-Issue � ............................................................ 53
13.2 Polity � → e-gov................................................................................ 57
13.3 Polity � → Election ........................................................................... 58
13.4 Polity � → Executive ......................................................................... 59
13.5 Polity � → Federalism ...................................................................... 60
13.6 Polity � → Judiciary.......................................................................... 63
13.7 Polity � → Legislature ...................................................................... 66

13.8 Polity � → Pressure-Groups ............................................................. 70

13.9 Polity � → Secularism, Social Media � ......................................... 72
14 International Relation Diplomacy Defense Internal Security...................... 74
14.1 IR � → Border Security/Narco/Naxal etc. ....................................... 74
14.2 IR � → USA ...................................................................................... 76
14.3 IR � → China ................................................................................... 76
14.4 IR � → Pak ....................................................................................... 81
14.5 IR � → Taliban ................................................................................. 82
14.6 IR � → Russia................................................................................... 83
14.7 IR � → Neighbours .......................................................................... 84
14.8 IR � → ORGs.................................................................................... 84
14.9 IR � → Guns/Weapons .................................................................... 86
14.10 IR � → IR-zMisc. .......................................................................... 88
15 History → Freedom Struggle/Ancient/Medieval ........................................ 89
16 Science-Tech ................................................................................................. 91
16.1 Science-Tech → Corona ..................................................................... 91
16.2 Science-Tech → Health Related ......................................................... 93
16.3 Science-Tech → Space Technology ISRO/NASA ............................... 94
17 History → Culture �.................................................................................. 96
18 Ethics, integrity, attitude for GS mains paper 4 (GSM4) ............................. 98
18.1 Ethics � → Compassion, Empathy ................................................. 98
18.2 Ethics � → Women, Gender violence, discrimination................. 101
18.3 Ethics � → Juvenile/Parenting/Schooling .................................... 107
18.4 Ethics � → IAS Dilemmas in District/City/State administration 109
18.5 Ethics � → IPS Dilemmas in police administration..................... 116
18.6 Ethics � → Intolerance / Hindu Muslim / DeshBhakti ................ 120
18.7 Ethics � → Leadership .................................................................. 122
18.8 Ethics � → Social Media / Troll / Journalism ............................... 123

18.9 Ethics � → Corporate World / Pvt Sector .................................... 128

18.10 Ethics � → Sports Ethics ........................................................... 130
18.11 Ethics � → Misc. ........................................................................ 131
19 Persons/Places in News (PIN) Mostly for NON-IAS Exams ....................... 133
19.1 PIN → Places in News ....................................................................... 133
19.2 PIN → Sports .................................................................................... 134
19.3 PIN → Books/ Awards / Appointments/Achievements................... 135
19.4 PIN → Death ..................................................................................... 138
20 GPSC / Gujarat State Service Exam ........................................................... 139
PREFACE / FAQ
WHAT IS THIS PDF?
Compilation of current affairs from the month of November 2021 for UPSC
services IIS IPS exam. आज कल सभी को�चगं वाले ये नौटंक� कर� तो म�ने सोचा ने भी कर लेता �ँ .
WHY ARE THERE SO MANY GRAMMAR AND SPELLING
MISTAKES?
I apologize. I type mostly using speech to text facility of Google Docs- which
makes errors. I lack the time and resources to get it proof read. I hope the UPSC
Aspirants (who are reading this) are intelligent enough to know what is the
correct word or grammar. म�ने बोलकर टाइप कर िदया (�ीच-टु-टे�) िफर व� क� कमी के चलते
म� उसको बोहोत �ादा चेक नहीं कर पाता. इसम� जो ग़ल�तयाँ हो तो म� माफ� चाहता �, बाक� भगवान मा�लक है
और �वद्याथ� समझदार है।
WHY IS IT SO BULKY? WHY SO MANY PAGES?
Because it is bilingual contains both Hindi and English. िह�ी और अंग्रेज़ी दोनों भाषाओं
म� इस�लए इसम� प�े �ादा है
+ has images, and Ethics related content for UPSC Mains GS Paper4.
+ Font Size is larger for easier reading on small screens.

WHY IS IT NOT AS “EXHAUSTIVE”/”COMPREHENSIVE” AS

OTHER INSTITUTES’ CA-PDF FILES?
द�ु नया भर के सभी छू टभैये सं �ानों के 25,000 वै��क �रपोट� क� समरी बनाकर
आपने �ों नहीं छापी?
⇒ I believe that true love and exam-worthy current affairs will come eventually
to you. �जंदगी म� स�ा �ार और परी�ा के �लए काम का करं ट अफे र टो�पक िफर ख़ुदबख़ुद आपके
पास आ जाता है।
⇒ if you try to proactively chase them, you will not find it. उ�� ढूँ ढने जाओ तो �मलते
नहीं।
⇒ So, I do not proactively look up for current affairs Random Global Report,
PIB, IDSA, Rajya Sabha, EPW etc. If something comes to me via Indian
express Ahmedabad edition or some related search, then I catalogue it. As it
is not as big or exhaustive as other sources. इस�लए इं िडयन ए�प्रेस म� कोई परी�ा के
लीए कोई समाचार �मल गया ठीक, वनार् म� कोई करं ट अफे र ढू ंढने निह जाता अलग अलग वेबसाइटों पे।
CAN I COMPLETELY RELY ON THIS FOR MY CURRENT AFFAIRS
PREPARATION?
I have recently started this initiative. So I do not have any proof to show that,
“look X number of MCQ/Mains Question could be solved orbiting from my file.
So you can rely on this material” (“मेरे मटी�रयल के अलावा कु छ भी मत पढ़ो”ऐसा म� सीना
ठोककर नहीं बोल सकता �ोंिक म�ने Monthly-CA-PDF काम अभी अभी शु� िकया है तो मेरे पास ऐसा
कोई सुबूत नहीं है िक “देखो िकतने सारे प्र� इस मटी�रयल म� से असली परी�ा म� सो� हो सकते थे।“)
WHAT ABOUT PREVIOUS MONTHS’ MONTHLY PDF?
⇒ Present it is available in the form of excel file at https://mrunal.org/Current
⇒ I have not been able to cover some of the months (e.g. September) due to lack
of time.
⇒ In future I may try to make some PDF out that those past months, but
presently unlike Bhai, I can’t make a commitment.
I WANT TO GIVE PRACTICE FREE MOCK TESTS?

You’ll find free registration Link at https://Mrunal.org/Current ( �Unlock

Free content with Code: 'Mrunal.org') Alternatively
https://unacademy.com/goal/upsc-civil-services-examination-ias-
preparation/KSCGY/test-series

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1A1-MONEY- �
⇒ EcoPill1A1-Digital Payments: Collins Dictionary’s “Word of the Year” for

2021 is “NFT” — an abbreviation that stands for “non-fungible token” An
NFT, according to Collins Dictionary, is a “unique digital certificate,
registered in a blockchain, that is used to record ownership of an asset such as
an artwork or a collectible”. Already covered in Mrunal's Free Win21 Lecture
Series LAST LECTURE: �Unlock Free content with Code: 'Mrunal.org' Its
Handout available at https://mrunal.org/download
⇒ � � � � � EcoPill1A1-Digital Payments: El Salvador had became first
country in the world to adopt bitcoin as legal tender. Now it plans world’s
first ‘Bitcoin City’. This would get geothermal power from a volcano and not
levy any taxes except for value added tax (VAT). �
Points to Reflect:
Salvador public is not very happy with Bitcoin but President seems to be very
keen perhaps to get election funding from tax-evaders from other nations

who’d use such place as tax haven/money laundering. (ये अल सा�ाडोर के रा��प�त ने
का भी गं जेडी इलोंन म� क� तरह रोज का नौटंक� चलते रहेता है - �बटकोईन के बारे म� )
⇒ EcoPill1A1-Digital Payments: RBI wants amendment in Reserve Bank of

India Act, 1934, to launch a Central Bank Digital Currency (CBDC). Already
covered in Mrunal's Free Win21 Lecture Series.
https://unacademy.com/class/mrunals-win21csp-economy-pillar-1a-rbis-
monetary-policy/01NKBYT9 (https://unacademy.com/class/mrunals-
win21csp-economy-pillar-1a-rbis-monetary-policy/01NKBYT9) �Unlock
Free content with Code: 'Mrunal.org' Its Handout available at
https://mrunal.org/download (�रज़वर् ब�क क़ानून म� सं शोधन क� माँग क� तािक के �ीय ब�क
िड�जटल मुद्रा जारी क� जा सक�)
⇒ EcoPill1A1-Digital Payments: Nigeria launched its non-interest-yielding
central bank digital currency (CBDC) — the eNaira. CBDC pilot projects are
underway in at least 17 other countries. Pros and cons Already covered in
Mrunal's Free Win21 Lecture Series available at mrunal.org/download (क� द्रीय
ब�क द्वारा वैधा�नक मुद्रा को काग़ज़ी ��प से नहीं लेिकन िड�जटल �प म� छापना)
⇒ EcoPill1B2:Bad Loans: RBI Jayant Kumar Dash WORKING group on digital
lending thru websites/app. need a separate law for regulating this. Setup Self-

Regulatory Organisation (SRO). Money must be transferred from lender to

borrowers account directly in Bank- so as to keep a trace of evidence / black
money etc.
⇒ 1a1: Bitcoin- hacker Sriki hacked 3 Bitcoin exchanges and 10 poker websites.
Bangalore police arrested him and ordered him to transfer the nine crore
rupees worth of bitcoin to police department bitcoin wallet account. But
Arrested Hacker made police fool by doing some computer trick/gimmick, so
the bitcoin were not actually transferred to police but to some other account.
�Points to Reflect: 1) Police protocol on seizure of bitcoins need to
developed 2) cold wallets (not connected with internet) need to be used for
police seizure. (�बटकॉइन क� फ़ज़�वाडो का कोई अंत नहीं)
⇒ Money- Bitcoin: RBI Governor Shaktikanta Das says cryptocurrencies

investment Apps (Like CoinDCX, CoinSWITCH Kuber) etc startups are
exaggerating the numbers by claiming “Crores of Indians have invested over
Rs 600,000 crore in Bitcoins and crypto assets. Because Most investors
between Rs 1,000 to Rs 3,000. Private crypto currencies pose a threat to
financial stability of India. + problems of bitcoin usage in narco trade terror
financing, tax evasion 2) separately, Shiv Sena MP filed complaint against

such ads in T20 World Cup containing filmstars. (RBI गवनर्र श��कांत दास का
कहना है िक ये जो �बटकॉइन इ�े�म�ट वाले �व�ापनों म� हवाबाज़ी कर रहे ह� िक भारत का छे लाख करोड़
से �ादा �पया bitcoin मे �नवेश है वो ग़लत हवाबाज़ी हे, �बटको�न जेसी �नजी मुद्राऑ से भारतीय
अथर्तंत्र को जो�खम है। इसके अलावा �शवसेना सांसद ने भी िफ़� �ारों क� इस प्रकार क� बहकाने वाले
�व�ापनों पर �शकायत क� है)
⇒ RBI to hold its first-ever hackathon, HARBINGER 2021, on digital payments
system
1B-BANK CLASSIFICATION & LOANS �
⇒ EcoPill1B1-Bank classification: NITI Aayog proposed setting up full-stack
‘digital banks’. This will be new type of banks under the banking regulation
act instead of physical branches they will mostly rely on internet services for
delivering banking services to help in financial inclusion (नी�त आयोग ने ऐसा
प्र�ा�वत िकया है िक नए िक़� के िड�जटल ब�क बनाए जाएं जो क� भौ�तक भौगो�लक �प से ब्रांच न हो
िक�ु इं टरनेट के ज़�रए ब�िकंग सु�वधा देते इसे गाँव गाँव तक �व�ीय समावेशन म� मदद �मलेगी)
⇒ EcoPill1B2:Bad Loans: If a Bank fails: Deposit Insurance and Credit
Guarantee Corporation (DICGC, statutory corporation found by reserve
bank of India, headquarter Mumbai) gives a depositor maximum Rs 5 lakh
per account as insurance cover (Before 2021 this limit was Rs.1,00,000).
Deposits in public and private sector banks, local area banks, small finance
banks, regional rural banks, cooperative banks, Indian branches of foreign
banks and payments banks are all insured by the DICGC. The premium is
paid by banks to the DICGC is currently pay a minimum of 12 paise on every
Rs 100 worth deposits. �
In News because of draft plan for Punjab and
Maharashtra Cooperative (PMC) Bank merging with Unity Small Finance
Bank Ltd (USFB)- how DICGC will help the depositors. �
� � � �
PHD NOT IMP because UPSC-CDS had asked a very simple one-liner on
PMC. (यिद ब�क बं द हो जाए तो जमाकतार् को उसक� िडपॉ�ज़ट पर पाँच लाख �पये तक का
बीमा/मुआवज़ा DICGC सं �ा द्वारा िदया जाता है। पं जाब महारा�� कोऑपरेिटव ब�क म� इसे लागू करने
का एक मसौदा �रज़वर् ब�क ने जारी िकया है।)

⇒ EcoPill1B2:Bad Loans: Crossborder Insolvency: IBC Code 2016- currently

does not allow for automatic recognition of any insolvency proceedings in
other countries. So, MINISTRY of Corporate Affairs (MCA) has published a
draft framework for cross border insolvency proceedings based on the
UNCITRAL (United Nations Commission on International Trade Law)
model under the Insolvency and Bankruptcy Code. �
� � � � let
Economic Survey 2022 comment. सीमा पार िदवा�लयापन का वही �घसा-�पटा राग चल रहा है
⇒ � � � � � Nov tax devolution to states front-loaded for capex push.
One liner that Advance instalment given so they can develop infrastructure.
⇒ � � � � � What’s behind the recent startup IPO rush
⇒ EcoPill1B2:Bad Loans: Standard loan account= principal and interest is paid
on timely basis by borrower. �
non-performing assets (NPAs) = Standard
Loan Account’s principal or interest overdue for more than 90 days from due
the date. THE RESERVE Bank of India (RBI) has directed banks that loan
accounts classified as should be upgraded as ‘standard’ asset only if entire
arrears of interest and principal are paid by the borrower. (अनजर्क प�रसं प��-
मतलब िक बकाया तारीख़ से भी 90 िदन से �ादा बीत गए ह� और कजर्दार ने िक�� नहीं चुकाई है। ऐसे ही
लोन खाते को आदशर् लोन खाता तभी कह सकते ह� जब कज़र्दार वापस से सारा बकाया पैसा चुकाए)
⇒ � � � � � Explained series When can PSU bank staff be probed for
NPAs? We finished the thing yesterday for the technical guidelines are not
important for the scope of exam। maximum utility is one liner in the bigger
general topic of how to reduce non-performing asset?
⇒ � � � � � RBI’S committee on asset reconstruction companies (ARCs)
has recommended that ARCs should be allowed to participate in the
Insolvency and Bankruptcy Code (IBC) process as a resolution applicant
either through a security receipt (SR) trust or through an AIF (alternative
investment fund) sponsored by them. All the technical reports of all the RBI
committees are not important

⇒ FINANCE Ministry’s staff accountability framework for NPA (non-

performing asset) accounts up to Rs 50 crore in PSBs from 1/4/2022. If PSB
Banker took bonafide business decisions to pass loan but it turned NPA then
banker will be protected from undue inquiries/harassment by 3Cs — CBI
(Central Bureau of Investigation), CVC (Central Vigilance Commission) and
CAG (Comptroller and Auditor General). Previously the fear of 3C was
discouraging the public sector bank managers from sanctioning big loans (in
the aftermath of TBS, Mallya, Nirav Modi). Bankers had become extremely
cautious and risk averse even in case of bonafide corporate loans. This
resulted in stalling credit deployment harming economic growth. (सरकारी ब�क
और लोन पास करने से डरते ह� �ोंिक उ�� तो CBI, CVC, CAG क� कारर् वाई का डर लगता है तो अब
�वत् मं त्रालय ने कु छ नए िदशा �नद�श जारी िकए ह� तािक ईमानदारी से �लए गए फै सलों म� अगर लोन का
पैसा वापस न आए तो ईमानदार ब�कर पर अनाव�क �प से कोई कारर् वाई न हो)
⇒ RESERVE Bank’s Prompt Corrective Action (PCA) framework: to supervise

banks. Banks will be classified on risk threshold and accordingly RBI can
punish them. BEFORE- 3 criteria for monitoring: (BASEL) Capital, asset
quality (NPA), return on assets (Profitability). REFORM FROM 2022: 3
criteria for monitoring: Capital, asset quality and leverage. (Meaning “return

on assets” is removed). 2) Payments banks and small finance banks (SFBs)

removed from the PCA monitoring list. (�रज़वर् ब�क क� ��रत सुधार कायर्वाही ढांचे म�
2022 से कु छ बदलाव िकए जाएं गे.)
1C: SEBI SHAREMARKET
⇒ EcoPill1C: Why Sharemarket falling: � 1) High valuations of share price
compared to profit making ability of the companies. e.g. last number of
Indian population vaccinated yet Pfizer and Dr Reddy not been able to
rollout their vaccines in Indian market on large scale, so it is difficult to
imagine they will make some more profit- yet shares were selling for over
Rs.5000 each. So inevitable that it will fall down some point. �
2)
SENSEX/NIFTY indices give high waited to reliance company but realise
something problem due to Armco deal cancellation, fall in JIO subscribers.
(शेयर बाज़ार वापस �गर रहा है �ोंिक कं प�नयों के शेयर उनक� मुनाफ़ा �मता से �ादा महंगे �बक रहे ह�
और दू सरा िक �रलायं स कं पनी अ�ा प्रदशर्न नहीं कर पा रही)
⇒ � � � � � Crypto Bill may be in Winter session. Let them actually table
the bill
⇒ Paytm (One 97 Communications, CEO Vijay Shekhar Sharma. Other
partners . China’s Alibaba-Ant group (6%), Japan's SoftBank and Warren
Buffett's Berkshire Hathaway) launched INDIA’S LARGEST initial public
offering (IPO) that raised Rs 18,300 crore from investors. Stag (Male Deer)
Investor - buys shares in IPO (initial public offering in the primary market)
with hopes of selling it at a very high price on LISTING in Secondary market.
Often they get lucky with almost 80-100% profit but Gameplan failed in
Paytm. Primary market Rs.2150 but but on day1 of listing (in the secondary
market), it fell by almost 25%. Reasons �
1) General slowdown in the share
market because of the high inflation and American interest rate/fed tapering
concerns � 2) high valuation of Paytm share price but institutional
investors (Mutual Fund, Pension Fund etc) not very confident of the growth

prospects of this company. To put this simply for layman- HDFC bank can
give loan and its share is priced at ₹1500 whereas Paytm (a Payment Bank,
can’t give loan) demanding ₹2150 share price. Previously Paytm had
superiority because of the mobile wallet system, but mobile wallets no longer
necessary thanks to UPI-Bhim. Paytm’s own filling to SEBI says they may
never become profitable! �3) startup bubble, no free lunches in economy-
said Raghuram Rajan. Cashback discount is given to build subscriber base to
create hype- ultimately startup founders recovered all the cashback money
from retail investors (who lost 25% on listing day). �
4) this could also
negatively affect the future IPOs of Startup Companies / tapid reponce to
Govt’s disinvestment. �5) Ethical- Retail investors frenzy applying IPO,
playing sharemarket with the hopes of 25 dinn me paisa double. At some
point they were bound to pay for excess greed. (Paytm IPO म� डू बा �नवेशको का
पैसा- कं पनी क� मुनाफ़ा �मता के िहसाब से ब�त ऊँ चे दाम पर बेचा गया था। �ाटर्अप का गु�ारा फू टेगा
एसा डर. �बना मेहनत के 25 िदन म� पैसे डबल करने क� लालच रखने वाले आम �नवेशकों ने भी अपने
नै�तक मू�ों पर सोच �वचार करना चािहए क� लालच बुरी बला है)
⇒ Sebi releases investor charter for investor protection and complaint redressal.
To be covered in Mrunal's Free Win22 Lecture Series available at
mrunal.org/download (सेबी द्वारा �नवेशको का अ�धकार पत्र)
⇒ � � � � � Sebi tweaks ‘fit and properperson’rule
⇒ � � � � � How buyback using retro tax refund helps Cairn. Retro tax
already explained Already covered in Mrunal's Free Win21 Lecture Series
available at mrunal.org/download
⇒ EcoPill1C: RBI Retail Direct Scheme to allow retail investors to directly
purchase government securities �
1) deepening of the capital market �
2)
resource mobilisation for the government. Already covered in Mrunal's Free
Win21 Lecture Series available at mrunal.org/download (आम �नवेशक �रज़वर् ब�क म�

खाता खोलकर सीधा ही सरकारी प्र�तभू�तयों म� �नवेश कर सके । इससे पूंजी बाज़ार क� जड़� गहरी होगी और
सरकार के �लए कज़र् का पैसा बटोराना थोड़ा आसान होगा)
⇒ SEBI T+1 Cycle: settlement cycle represents the time period within which the
stock exchanges have to settle security transactions. T+1 means settlements
will have to be cleared within one day of the actual transactions taking place.
Benefits? ⏬volatility, speculation, faster release of shares/funds. Until now
we had T+2 days but from 2022-Feb: T+1 started in a phased manner.
Foreign investors unhappy due to Timezone difference creating operational
challenges for them.
1D � INSURANCE-PENSION-FIN-INCLUSION

⇒ � � � � � HOME MINISTER Amit Shah launched Ayushmaan CAPF

scheme healthcare scheme for the personnel of the Central Armed Police
Forces (CAPF) and their families. Already covered in Mrunal’s Win21 Series
Pillar1D. https://unacademy.com/class/mrunals-win21csp-economy-
pillar1d-insurance-pension/56V7XF2H
(https://unacademy.com/class/mrunals-win21csp-economy-pillar1d-
insurance-pension/56V7XF2H) �Unlock Free content with Code:
'Mrunal.org' (ये हम लोग पहले ही पढ चुके ह�)
2-BUDGET-TAXATION �

⇒ EcoPill2-Budget Taxation: An inverted duty structure in GST arises when the

taxes on output or final product is lower than the taxes on inputs, creating an
inverse accumulation of input tax credit- then government has to refund the
GST to the business man. e.g. (Input) Fibre 18% GST+yarn 12% GST → final
output (apparel) pe 5% GST (if Price of the shirt/pants etc upto ₹1000).
�Solution Taken: A Uniform 12% GST on manmade fibre (MMF), yarn,
fabrics and apparels, footwear. (जीएसटी म� एक उ�ा शु� सं रचना: यिद क�े माल जेसे के
कपड़ा ख़रीद पर उधयोगप�त ने 18 पस�ट जीएसटी टै� देना पड़े और उसम� से तैयार िकए गए पतलून क�
�बक्र� पर 5% GST लगता हो तो, तो असल म� सरकार ने उसे (-)13% GST refund देना होगा। इस
माथाप�ी से बचने के �लए कपड़ा-जुते के क�े माल और अं�तम उ�ाद पर एक समान 12% जीएसटी
लगाया जाएगा )
⇒ EcoPill2-Budget Taxation: Indian govt levies 2% equalisation levy / google

tax on foreign companies dealing with digital advertisement and e-commerce
supply of services in India (e.g. Facebook, google-adsense, Netflix, Adobe
photoshop online subscription, Microsoft's Office365) etc. American
government was unhappy with this so they were threatening to punish India
(by imposing more taxes on Indian goods and services in USA). � 2021-
Oct: 136 countries, including India, agreed to enforce a minimum corporate

tax rate of 15 per cent on profits of big companies in markets where they are
earned. This deal requires countries to remove all digital services
tax/Equalisation levy/google tax and other similar unilateral measures. �
So, India and USA agreed for a transitional approach from 2022-24. Basically
India to phased out/remove 2% Equalisation levy/google tax & then India will
be eligible to charge 15% Global minimum tax on those companies’ profit
made in India & USA will not take punishment action against Indian goods
and services. Global minimum tax Already covered in Mrunal's Free Win21
Lecture Series Its Handout available at https://mrunal.org/download (भारत म�
िड�जटल �व�ापन और िड�जटल सेवा देने वाली �वदेशी कं प�नयों पर भारत सरकार 2 प्र�तशत
Equalisation levy माँगती थी- �जसे गूगल टै� भी कहा जाता है। अमे�रक� सरकार इसे नाराज़ थीं
और भारत को सजा देने के �लए भारतीय के सामान पर अमे�रका म� �ादा टै� लगाएं गे ऐसी धमक� भी दे
रही थी हालाँिक जी सेवन समूह के वै��क �ूनतम कर ढांचे के अंतगर्त है ऐसी �वदेशी ब�रा��ीय क��नयों
पर भी जहाँ पर भी धं धा करते है उसी �ान पर १५% टे� लगेगा। अमे�रका ने इसे माना है बशत� िक भारत
ने गूगल टै� हटाना होगा। पूरा काम चरणबद्ध �प से अगले दो तीन सालों म� होने वाला है। )
⇒ EcoPill2-Budget Taxation: strategic disinvestment/ Privatisation: Alternative
Mechanism — comprising Finance Minister Nirmala Sitharaman, Transport
Minister Nitin Gadkari and Minister of State (Independent charge) for
Science and Technology Jitendra Singh — approved “the highest price bid”
for 100% shares’ strategic sale of government stake in CEL. Central
Electronics Ltd (CEL, 1974) operates in four key areas — railway safety &
signalling systems, defence (strategic) electronics, solar photovoltaics, and
security surveillance solutions. New divestment policy of govt is Already
covered in Mrunal's Free Win21 Lecture Series-
https://unacademy.com/class/mrunals-win21csp-economy-pillar-
2cdsubsidydeficits/7DSB011Y (https://unacademy.com/class/mrunals-
win21csp-economy-pillar-2cdsubsidydeficits/7DSB011Y) �Unlock Free
content with Code: 'Mrunal.org'. Its Handout available at
https://mrunal.org/download साम�रक �व�नवेश के अंतगर्त एक सरकारी क�नी को बेच िदया

⇒ EcoPill2-Budget: Fiscal Challenge: SC ordered COVID Ex gratia Rs 50,000 to

next of kin of those who died due to Covid-19. It is not mandatory that death
certificate must mention “covid” as cause of death. However Gujarat state
government has set up ‘Covid-19 death ascertaining committee’, to scrutinise
the claims before releasing the money. SC pulls up Gujarat Govt for going
contrary to the SC directions. �
Points to Reflect: �
1) State governments
do not on enough money from taxation so it is difficult for them to release
the money esp. Gujarat, Bihar- with liquor ban � 2) State governments
provide businessman with land at token price (e.g. 100 hectare land for token
price of ₹1 for 99 years)- for industrial development, renewable energy etc.
Along with concessions in the property tax, land revenue etc. Therefore states
do not have enough money for emergency. �
3) Way forward? need to
improve Insurance density, insurance penetration, calamity insurance. (कोरोना
से जो �� मरे ह� उनके नज़दीक� प�रजनों को 50, हज़ार �पये देने के �लए मृ�ु प्रमाण पत्र म� ‘कोरोना से
मौत’ एसा �लखा होना अ�नवायर् नहीं है एसे सुप्रीम कोटर् के आदेश का गुजरात सरकार पर सीधा पालन करने
क� जगह अलग से स�म�त बनायी है जो क� जाँच करेगी िक वा�व म� लाभाथ� कोरोना से मरा था िक निह,
इस पर सुप्रीम कोटर् नाराज़ है। �
रा� सरकारों के पास कराधान म� आमदनी वैसे भी कम होती है और
औद्यो�गक प्रो�ाहन के �लए फ़्री म� ज़मीन देना- �जसके चलते �व�ीय �मता कम होती। लोग �यं ही अपना
बीमा ख़रीद� या सरकार द्वारा सभी लोगों के �लए पहले से ही आपदा बीमा ख़रीद �लया जाए)
⇒ � � � � � Tax Chori Panama PANDORA SHOWS how offshore
entity. (असल म� कु छ पकड़ने दो)
⇒ EcoPill2-Budget Taxation: Kerala State government had set up a Kerala Social
Security Pension Limited to borrow money from market & pay it as pension
to the poor families. COMPTROLLER and Auditor General (CAG) of India
criticised Kerala government’s practice of using such offbudget borrowings. /
extra budgetary resources to pay social security pension because 1) debt trap
2) non-transparency 3) Financial jugglery to undermine FRBM Act (के रल
सरकार के बजेटेतर सं साधनों पर CAG क� नाराज़गी। �ोंिक उसे �व�ीय अनुशासन कम होता है, सरकार
के क़ज़� के �वष चक्र म� फँ स जाने का डर बढ़ता है, �वधानसभा म� पारद�शता कम होती है)

⇒ EcoPill2-Budget Taxation: public finance management challenges: 1) �

(union+states) tax-to-GDP=16-17% is very low.Doesn’t permit latitude for
raised public outlays. Need for “deep rationalisation” of Central sponsored
schemes. � 2) Fiscal federalism ke challenges: Central government should
bring cesses /surcharges within the divisible pool of taxation. But presently
this issue not in the domain of the Finance Commission, because Parliament
will have to amend Article 269, Article 270, among others, to make cesses and
surcharges a part of the divisible pool. (सावर्ज�नक �वत् प्रबं धन म� सम�ाएं - १) सरकारी
योजनाओं का वाहन कर सके इतनी कराधान म� आमदनी नहीं है इस�लए क� द्र द्वारा प्रायो�जत योजनाओं म�
कटौती /�ववेक�करन क� ज़�रत है २) क� द्र द्वारा उपकर और अ�धभार क� रक़म रा�ों के साथ साझा नहीं
क� जाती है �ोंिक यह मामला �वत् आयोग के अ�धकार �ेत्र से बाहर है इस�लए सं सद द्वारा सं �वधान क�
उन प्रावधानों को बदलना ज़�री)
⇒ � � � � � Cairn Energy PLC has agreed to drop litigations to seize
Indian properties in countries ranging from France to the UK as it has
accepted the Indian government's offer to settle tax dispute relating to the
levy of taxes retrospectively. DONE IN Mrunal’s Win21 series last lecture.
REF: https://unacademy.com/class/mrunals-win21-economy-final-roundup-
b4-prelims-endgame/PSEWT7AG (https://unacademy.com/class/mrunals-
win21-economy-final-roundup-b4-prelims-endgame/PSEWT7AG )
�Unlock Free content with Code: 'Mrunal.org'
⇒ � � � � � GST collection surges to Rs 1.30 lakh cr in Oct, 2nd highest
ever Very much in line with trend in economic recovery. + uski explained
Series- Let the next year's economic survey come.
⇒ Petrol diesel price cut: First time cut in 3 years: Petrol excise duty down by Rs
5/litre, diesel by Rs 10/litre. New prices in Delhi: Petrol 110, Diesel 98.
Reason for tax cutting: 1) GST collection improved so Excise could be �

without hurting poverty welfare schemes 2) UP Election 3) farmer diesel
generator usage in Rabi/winter season. (उ�र प्रदेश चुनाव से पहले क� द्र सरकार ने पेट�ोल
डीज़ल के उ�ाद शु� म� क� कटौती)

⇒ � � � � � INCOME Tax Department has rolled out a new Annual

Information Statement (AIS) which includes additional categories of
information.
3A-INTL-TRADE �
⇒ EcoPill2-BoP/Intl-Trade: GSP (Generalized System of Preferences) it is an

American system under which USA gives import tax concessions to 3rd
world countries but Donald Trump had removed India from this list setting
protectionism against Harley Davidson and other American companies in
India. Now talks for revival. जीएसपी- एक अमरीक� प्रणाली है �जसके अंतगर्त तीसरे �व� के
देशों से अमे�रका बेचे होने वाले सामानों पर अमे�रक� सरकार कम आयात कर लगाती है। हालाँिक रा��प�त
डॉन� ट�ंप के ज़माने म� भारत को इस सूची से हटाया गया था- �ोंिक भारतीय सरकार ने सं र�णवाद के
चलते अमे�रक� हा�ल-डे�वडसन मोटरसाइिकल पर बोहोत �ादा टै� लगाया था, यानी िक अमरीका द्वारा
आयात िकए जाने वाले कु छ भारतीय सामान पर आयात कर �रयायत� बं द क� गई थी। तो वापस सूचीबद्ध
करने के �लए चचार् चल रही है।

⇒ EcoPill3-BoP/Intl-Trade: WORLD Trade Organization (WTO) ministerial

conference was to be held in Geneva,Swiz. But WTO Director-General Ngozi
Okonjo-Iweala postponed it due to Omicron strain of Covid-19 virus →
many countries have imposed lock downs in travel restrictions so all
ministers may not be able to attend. (हालाँिक �व� �ापार सं गठन क� मं �त्रप�रषद
��ट्ज़रल�ड के �जनीवा शहर म� होने वाली थी लेिकन कोरोना वायरस के नए ओ�मक्रोन ��प के चलते कई
देशों ने यातायात पर प्र�तबं ध लगाए ह� इस�लए सभी देश के मं त्री इस जी�नवा स�ेलन म� हा�ज़री नहीं दे
पाएं गे इस�लए स�ेलन को अभी ��गत िकया गया है)
⇒ EcoPill2-BoP/Intl-Trade: Importer Exporter Code (IEC) is a key business
identification number that is mandatory for exports or imports. Issued by
Directorate General of Foreign Trade (DGFT, Commerce Ministry). �

many importer/exporters who created accounts are deactive since 2014. They
have not submitted the latest address proof etc. Then use dormant account
numbers misused by Narco smugglers/Tax evaders. So, DGFT makings
tough rules ordering traders to update account details. (�जन आयात-कतार्, �नयार्त
कतार्ऑ ने २०१४ के बाद अपने �ापार के द�ावेज सरकार ने नहीं जमा करवाए थे तो उनका पं जीकरण-
न�र रद्द होगा इसके साथ ही �ोंिक इस प्रकार क� �न��य पं जीकरण नं बरो का त�री/करचोरी मे
द�ु पयोग हो rha हे। )

⇒ � � � � � International Financial Services Centres Authority (IFSCA)

at GIFT City has recommended changes in the Goods and Services Tax
(GST) and Special Economic Zone (SEZ) Act, 2005, to make the sector
attractive. (वो तो ऐसे भी हवा भी सुझाव दे सकते ह� कराधान के कानूनों म� सुधार होता िक और �वदेशी
�नवेश भारत आ सके )
⇒ � � � � � US Taper set to begin: US Fed unveils bond-buying plan.
We’ll see it in Mrunal’s Win22 series free lectures next year.
⇒ EcoPill2-BoP/Intl-Trade Appointment: US PRESIDENT Joe Biden
nominated Federal Reserve Chair Jerome Powell for a second four-year term,
extending a tenure
⇒ � � � � � IP rights waiver on Covid essentials: Govt engaging EU,
others ahead of WTO. Let the meeting happen.
4A-AGRICULTURE
o EcoPil4A-Agro: PM Modi to repeal three farm laws 1) The Farmers Produce

Trade and Commerce (Promotion and Facilitation) Act, 2020, which is
aimed at allowing trade in agricultural produce outside the existing APMC
(Agricultural Produce Market Committee) mandis; 2) The Farmers
(Empowerment and Protection) Agreement on Price Assurance and Farm

Services Act, 2020, which seeks to provide a framework for contract farming;
3) The Essential Commodities (Amendment) Act, 2020, which is aimed at
giving certain relief to food processing companies from the stockholding
limits during inflation. Salient features of the Acts explain in detail in
Mrunal’s Free Win20 Series Pillar#4A (mrunal.org/download) REASONS for
removal of 3 farm laws: 1) farmers were protesting fearing exploitation at the
hands of MNCs similar to ola-uber drivers and zomato delivery boys. Govt
was unable to convince them. 2) �
) farm laws were for all practical
purposes dead from 2021-Jan: because Supreme Court had stayed farm laws
implementation “until further orders”. The apex court never heard the
matter again even after an expert committee. �
) problems in federalism:
state governments complaining that union government is encroaching upon
their legal domain. �) protest sites were creating problem of traffic,
movement of other citizens, incidents of lynching. �
) removal of stock
limit in the Essential commodity act was creating problem for the
government in controlling the pulses inflation. �) the present lockdown
was preventing government from doing other set of reforms in agriculture
such as urea subsidy electricity subsidy etc. � ) protesting farm leaders were
demanding new set of reforms e.g make a new law to make MSP a legal right,
similar to the National Food Security Act. but this is financially difficult for
the union government. But now the protesters will return to their homes so
farm leaders will not be able continue the protests for MSP-legal right in an
effective manner. �
) RSS feared agitation was impacting social cohesion of
Hindus & Sikhs in Punjab, affecting the election outcome. �
Unofficial
reasons: 1) Punjab election, strong possibility of the BJP joining hands with
former chief minister Amarinder Singh 2) Preventing he rise of Rakesh Tikait
in Western UP before UP election. 3) Modi was worried about his global
image after Comedian Vir Das, Greta Thurnberg & Pop-star Rihanna

supported farmers. � Way forward: � Modi government can ask BJP-

ruled states to reform their APMC laws to deregulate farm produce trading
and enable contract cultivation. Once they do it, other states are bound to
follow sooner for competitive federalism. �) lesson for the ruling
party/Union Executive that being that the process of economic reforms has to
be more consultative, more transparent and better communicated to the
potential beneficiaries. It is this inclusiveness that lies at the heart of
democratic functioning of India. It takes time and humility to implement
reforms, given the argumentative nature of our society. But doing so ensures
that everyone wins. तीन िकसान क़ानून �जसके प्रमुख �बदं ु हम पहले ही 2020 के भी वीिडयों म� पड़
चुके ह� उसको मोदी सरकार ने हटा िदया। िकसान �वरोध प्रदशर्न कर रहे थे िक हमारा शोषण होगा ब�रा��ीय
कं प�नयों द्वारा और सरकार उ�� आ�� नहीं कर पा रही थी. सुप्रीम कोटर् ने भी जनवरी महीने से इन कानूनों
को ��गत करवा िदया था. रा� सरकार� भी सहकारी सं घवाद हनन का आरोप लगा rhi थी।
आंदोलनका�रयों के चलते यातायात प�रवहन भीड़ द्वारा वध करना ऐसी सम�ा। िकसान नेता �ूनतम
समथर्न मू� को क़ानून अ�धकार बढ़ाने क� माँग कर रहे थे लेिकन मोदी सरकार के �लए �व�ीय �प से
करना असं भव । अब जो पुराने िकसान क़ानून ही हटा िदए तो आंदोलनकारी घर वापस लौट जाएं गे तो
िकसान नेता MSP वाली बात पर ज़ोरदार प्रदशर्न कर निह पाएँ गे। पं जाबी िहदं ू �सख सौहादर् म� िद�त आ
रही थी �जसे BJP के �लए चुनाव जीतना मु��ल। मोदी को अपनी वै��क छ�व क� �चतं ा थी �ोंिक
Greta जैसे मश�र �वदेशी आंदोलनकारी िकसानों का समथर्न कर रहे थे! हालाँिक भ�व� म� BJP शा�सत
रा� सरकार� िकसान नेताओं को �व�ास म� लेके इसी प्रकार के क़ानून ख़ुद भी तो पास कर सकती है उसके
बाद अ� रा�ों पर भी दबाव बनेगा िक वे भी ऐसे क़ानून पास करे । भ�व� म� कृ �ष सुधार और आ�थक
सुधार से पहले सरकार ने �ादा लोगों को �व�ास म� लेना चािहए ये इस मामले का सबक हे।
o EcoPil4A-Agro: Farm-law repeal: ANTI Arguments �
1) Cropping
patterns will remain skewed in favour of rice and wheat, with the granaries of
the Food Corporation of India bulging with stocks of grain. The food subsidy
will keep bloating and there will be large leakages. The groundwater table in
the northwestern states will keep receding and methane and nitrous oxide
will keep polluting the environment. � 2) Farmer will be continued to be
exploited at the hand of APMC traders and consumers will suffer food

inflation from middlemen commissions. 3) The latest Situation Assessment

Survey of the NSO reveals that the income of an average agri-household in
India was only Rs 10,218 per month in 2018-19. Even if we add another Rs
500 per month under the PM-KISAN scheme, still it’s insufficient for decent
Standard of living. APMC needs to be reformed. 4) we may witness freebies
being showered in the runup to state elections, followed by more freebies
before the General Election in 2024. This competitive populism can give
some succour to the poor in the short run, which they deserve, having
suffered badly during the pandemic period, but in the long run this will harm
fiscal deficit. कृ �ष अथर्शा� के �वशेष� प्रोफ़े सर अशोक गुलाटी का मानना है िक ये ३ कृ �ष क़ानून
हटाने से �ा �ा नुक़सान होंगे। गे�ं और चावल क� फसलों क� पैदावार पर �ादा ज़ोर िदया जाएगा �जसे
असल म� भुजल िक़�त, वायु प्रदू षण, जमीन प्रदू षण होगा इ�ािद। हालाँिक इस मामले का �मलता जुलता
प्र� UPSC Mains-२०२० पूछ चुक� है और उसका मॉडल आंसर भी मे अपलोड कर चुका �ँ
https://unacademy.com/class/mrunals-upsc-gsm3-2020-model-ans-
agroenvironmentdisaster/63CNWIDD
(https://unacademy.com/class/mrunals-upsc-gsm3-2020-model-ans-
agroenvironmentdisaster/63CNWIDD) �Unlock Free content with Code:
'Mrunal.org'
o EcoPil4A-Agro: Union Govt currently announces the MSPs of 23 crops: 7
cereals (paddy, wheat, maize, bajra, jowar, ragi, barley); 5 pulses (chana,
tur/arhar, moong, urad, masur), 7 oilseeds (rapeseed-mustard, groundnut,
soyabean, sunflower, sesamum, safflower, nigerseed); and 4 commercial
crops (sugarcane, cotton, copra, raw jute). While the MSPs technically ensure
a minimum 50% return on all cultivation costs, these are largely on paper.
Separately on sugarcane, union government announce fare & remunerative
price (FRP)- which sugar mill owner is legally compelled to give to farmer.
But such legal right non-existent in MSP. Uski long winded explained series
given in IndianExpress िकसानों को फसलों पर �ूनतम समथर्न मू� िदया जाए उसक� वही सब
पुरानी बातों का पुनरावतर्न

o EcoPil4A-Agro: TRIBAL district of Dangs in Gujarat will formally be

declared an organic farming district because all farm are completely free from
chemical fertilisers and pesticides. Earlier Sikkim became the hundred
percent organic state after the state assembly passed a law prohibiting the
entry of chemical fertilizer/pesticides. (जै�वक खेती �जला- जहाँ मानव �न�मत रसायनों का
प्रयोग व�जत हो)
o 4A: Agri- Rahibai Popere, popularly known as Seedmother, from
Ahmednagar, Maharashtra. Given Padma Shri for saving hundreds of
landraces (wild varieties of commonly grown crops) at the village level.
Landraces refer to naturally occurring variants of commonly cultivated crops.
Hybrid crops are created by scientists artificially whereas Landraces evolve
naturally with climate resilient traits to survive. They also may contain better
quality of nutrients. (फसलों म� सं कर प्रजा�तयों के चलते पारंप�रक प्रजा�तयाँ न� हो रही है लेिकन
महारा�� िक रिहबाइ ने पारंप�रक प्रजा�तयों का समथर्न िकया उसके �लए पद्मश्री)
o GSM3/Agro Transport Issues: THE RAILWAYS has raised a red flag over the
rising operational costs of its Kisan Rail service which gives 50% subsidy for
farmers for transportation of their produce, Rail ministry has told the food
processing ministry that they will require at least three times the funding
allotted. Points to reflect: �
Positive: agro production growing, more and
more agriculture produce is getting transported / exported through railway.
� Negative / way forward : 1) should do better financial planning 2)
encourage inland waterways 3) avoid excessive populism. (रेलवे मं त्रालय क� कृ �ष
रेल जहाँ पर कृ �ष उपज के प�रवहन पर स��डी दी जाती है हालाँिक स��डी का पैसा अब कम पड़ रहा है
यानी िक भारत का कृ �ष उ�ादन पहले से �ादा बढ़ा है, और उसे रेलवे द्वारा भेजा जा रहा है। िक�ु साथ ही
साथ अंतद�शीय जलमागर् प�रवहन को भी प्रो�ाहन देना चािहए और अनाव�क �प से लोक लुभावन म�
ज़�रत से �ादा स�े दामों पर रेलवे को नहीं चलाना चािहए। )
4C-GDP/INFLATION � /UNEMPLOYMENT
o EcoPil4C-GDP/Inflation: United Nations General Assembly (UNGA) has
adopted a resolution to graduate three nations-Lao, Bangladesh and Nepal,

from the least developed country (LDC) category to the developing country
grouping. This will be done after five years. � no longer duty quota free
access exports in WTO �
no longer soft-loans from World Bank � no
longer concessions in the Climate change deals. �
growing economy will
attract investments from FDI/FII. More theory & WHY/HOW GDP,
Bangladesh MODEL is not more MAHAAAN than India- is Already covered
in free lecture (https://unacademy.com/class/mrunals-win21-economy-
pillar4cgdpinflationunemployment/3QMO5EOP ) Mrunal's Free Win21
Lecture Series It's Handout available at https://mrunal.org/download (बां�ादेश
नेपाल और लाओ को अ�त �पछड़े देशों क� सूची म� से हटाया गया. यानी िक उनक� अथर्तंत्र �वक�सत हो रही
है अब वे �वकासशील देशों क� श्रेणी म� आएं गे इसके कु छ फ़ायदे और नुक़सान भी है। जैसे िक अब उनके
�नयार्त पर अ� देशों द्वारा टै� म� �रयायत नहीं दी जाएगी उ�� व� ब�क से स�े �ाज पर कज़र् नहीं
�मलेगा उ�� प्रदू षण और जलवायु प�रवतर्न के अंतररा�ी� य सं �धयों को मानना होगा इ�ािद। हालाँिक फ़ायदा
ये है िक उबरते �ए अथर्तंत्र को देखते �ए वहाँ �वदेशी �नवेश म� बढ़ोतरी होगी �जससे रोज़गार के नए अवसर
उनक� �ानीय जनता को �मल�गे।)

o EcoPil4C-GDP/Inflation/Unemployment: Wage Rate Index (WRI) prepared

by Labour Bureau, an attached office of the Ministry of Labour.
Surveys/Monitors the wages across various industries. �
BEFORE: Base
year 1963-65. � AFTER: Base year 2016. Added more number of industry
in the survey list- e.g. synthetic textiles, textile garments, printing and
publishing, footwear, petroleum, chemical & gases, fertilizers, drugs &
medicines, � This database will be helpful in designing the minimum
wages under the new wage code law. (वेतन दर सूचकांक �जसम� श्रम मं त्रालय िक ऑिफ़स
द्वारा �व�वध उद्योगों म� वेतन का �ा दर चल रहा है उसका सव��ण िकया जाए और उस िहसाब से �ूनतम
वेतन क� दरों म� सुधार िकया जाए। लेिकन इस सव��ण का आधार वषर् 60 के ज़माने का था �जसे बदलकर
अब २०१६ िकया गया है तथा पहले से �ादा उद्योगों का सव��ण भी िकया जाएगा)
o EcoPil4C-GDP/Inflation: Inflation: 1) Stagflation = High inflation, low GDP
growth, high unemployment. 2) core inflation = headline minus food and
fuel. Then Indian express explains long winded data analysis we will not
study because let �
�ES22 come. (महँ गाई मुद्रा��त)
o � � � � � Data for 7.3 crore registered workers across 36 states/UTs
(as on Nov 11) let � �ES22 come. We’ll study from there.

o � � � � � e-Shram portal — the country’s first centralised database of

unorganised workers seeded with Aadhaar. 7 of 10 informal workers SC, ST,
OBCs; more than half work in the farm sector. Let �
�ES22 come next
year.
o EcoPil4C-GDP/Inflation: US inflation & impact on India. USA inflation At
6.2% (highest in 30 years), �1) imported goods and services from America
will become expensive for India 2) US Feds �repo to combat inflation-> FII
pullout money from India to give it as loans in American market → Indian
share market � 3) FII pullout money → Rupee weakens → � petrol diesel
prices → �inflation → RBI forced to �
repo = expensive loans will harm
Indian economic recovery after Corona (अमरीका म� महँ गाई मुद्रा��त �पछले 30 वष� म�
सबसे �ादा अ�धक पाई गई है इससे भारत को �ा नुक़सान होंगे � महँ गा आयात � अमे�रक�
क� द्रीय ब�क अमरीका म� लोन महंगे करवाएगा महँ गाई से लड़ने के �लए लेिकन िफर �
�वदेशी �नवेशक
भारतीय शेयर बाज़ार से पैसा उठाकर भाग जाएं गे तािक वे अमरीका म� उस पैसे को लोन के �प म� घूमा सके ,
→ �जसके चलते भारतीय शेयर बाज़ार म� �गरावट। � �पये का कमज़ोर होना, �धन महँ गा होना और
�रज़वर् ब�क द्वारा महँ गाई से लड़ने के �लए लोन महँ गाई करवाना)
o INDIA’S INFORMAL economy has shrunk to around 15-20 per cent of the
formal GDP as against 52 per cent three years ago following the adoption of

GST, enhanced digitalisation, and demonetisation, says SBI report, although

some critics disagree with this. (भारत क� GDP म� अनौपचा�रक �ेत्र का िह�ा कम �आ है
और औपचा�रककरण बढ़ा है GST, िड�जटल भुगतान, नोट बं दी के चलते )
5-INFRASTRUCTURE
o EcoPil5-INFRA-Communication: Starlink is a satellite-based global internet
system of Elon Musk’s SpaceX company. A SpaceX Falcon 9 rocket, carrying
53 Starlink satellites, was launched off from Cape Canaveral, Florida.
o EcoPil5-INFRA: -Energy: INDIA IS set to release 5 million barrels of crude
oil from its strategic reserves as part of a coordinated move along with the
US, China, Japan and South Korea aimed at lowering international prices.
The US will release 50 million barrels of crude oil from its reserves as part of
the effort. (भारत अमे�रका चीन जापान द��ण को�रया सिहत अलग अलग देशों ने सं यु� �प से तय
िकया है िक अपने अपने देश के साम�रक पेट�ो�लयम भं डार से ही सं ग्रिहत क�ा तेल �नकाल�गे तािक उसक�
स�ाई आपू�त बड़े और दाम क़ाबू म� रहे। )
o EcoPil5-INFRA: Energy: shale oil also called ‘tight oil’. is found in smaller
batches, and deeper than conventional crude deposits. Its extraction requires
hydraulic fracking- meaning creation of fractures in then pumping water-
guar gum mixure to get the shale’s released. �
India has some deposits in
Barmer Hills (Rajasthan), Cambay basin in Gujarat and the Krishna Godavari
basin in Andhra Pradesh. But challenges regarding the technology and
deposit size. although foreign companies like Cairn exploring in Barmer. �
when the crude oil price declines the demand of shale gas declines much
faster- thus turning project unprofitable. So reliance exited from American
Shale-gas business. Thus, Indian companies are not getting the technology or
experience in the Shell gas drilling business.
o EcoPil5-INFRA: Mining- Goa has two important sources of livelihood- 1)
Tourism. 2) Mining. During Portuguese rule, mining rights given to
businessmen for perpetuity. 1961: Liberation of Goa- Mining leases with a
finite time period- expired in 2007. Afterwards litigations related to

corruption in mining rights allocation, environment damage. So for the last

few years mining industry has came to almost standstill. Resulting into job
loss and business loss. So resumption of the mining is one of the main agenda
in the election campaigning in Goa. (गोवा म� खनन प्र�तबं ध को हटाना चुनावी मुद्दा है)
o � � � � � Green push: Gencos can sell renewable power to discoms
under thermal deals. Technical rules poor cost:benefit. Sufficient to know
that it will help the renewable energy market. कोयला �बजली उ�ादक िकसी से अ�य
ऊजार् ख़रीद के �बजली आपू�त कं पनीयो को बेच पाए उसक� सब तकनीक� �नयमों म� बदलाव होते rhete
हे। हमारे �लए इतना जानना काफ़� है िक इससे नवीनीकरण ऊजार् क� �बक्र� और उ�ादन म� मदद �मलेगी।
झं डा लेके उसम� phd कर तो सकते हाई लेिकन २०० िदन मे �प्र�लम के बाक़� �वषयों क� पढ़ाई ख़� नहीं हो
पाएगी।
o In offshore oil/gas fields it is extract oil and gas. If ONGC partners with
foreign players with the requisite technology and expertise →it could help
boost production and recoveries from such fields. So, PETROLEUM Ministry
has asked state-owned Oil and Natural Gas Corporation (ONGC) to consider
offering up to a 60 per cent stake and operating rights over parts of key
Mumbai High and Bassein and Satellites (B&S) oil and gas producing fields
to foreign companies to boost production. (सरकार ने ONGC को कहा है िक बॉ�े हाई
म� अब �वदेशी कं प�नयों के साथ सहयोग भागीदारी कर� तािक �ादा ऑयल गैस का खनन हो सके )
o Suggestion for creation of an Ministry of Energy to oversee the currently
siloed verticals of the ministries of petroleum, coal, renewables and power.
o EcoPil5-INFRA: BHARAT GAURAV SCHEME: Pvt operators can lease, run
trains on tour circuit. with the freedom to decide routes, fares and quality of
services under a new scheme called Bharat Gaurav. Anyone — societies,
trusts, consortia and even state governments (भारत गौरव योजना के अंतगर्त �नजी �ेत्र के
ऑपरेटर भी िकराये पर सरकारी ट�ेन लेकर पयर्टन �लों पर उसे चलाए)
o EcoPil5-INFRA: PPP in Airport: UPPSC exam ke liye: Noida International
Airport at Jewar in Uttar PradeshPM laid foundation. It’s owned by Noida
International Airport Limitedin which UP government has 35%, Noida

Authority 35%, Greater Noida Industrial Authority 12.5% while Yamuna

Expressway Industrial Authority has 12.5% share holding. Within that
Yamuna Expressway Industrial Authority is owned by Zurich International
Airport AG Companyand they’ll be building the airport. UP State govt leased
them land for 90 years.
o EcoPil5-INFRA: Railway station renaming: business of naming it is left to the
discretion of the state government concerned. Change of station names is a
state subject even though Railways belongs to the Union government. The
state government sends the request to the Home Ministry, which then gives
its approval, keeping the Railways Ministry in the loop. Usually, it is checked
that no other station with the proposed name exists anywhere in India. A new
station “code” for railway operations may need to be invented. For instance
for Rani Kamlapati station, the code changes from “HBJ” (Habibganj railway
station) to “RKMP” (Rani Kamlapati station) (हालाँिक रेलवे �ेशन का मा�लक क� द्र
सरकार होता है लेिकन रेलवे �ेशन का नामकरण रा�ों द्वारा िकया जाता है)
o Transport: e-GCA online platform of Directorate General of Civil Aviation
(DGCA) for pilot licensing etc.
o Logistics Ease Across Different States (LEADS) report by Commerce
Ministry: Guj#1, Haryana#2,Punjab#3.
o EcoPil5-INFRA: CHINA APPEARS to be rebranding its multi-billion-dollar
Belt and Road Initiative (BRI) with sustainability transparency et cetera
values for competition with US President Joe Biden’s Build Back Better
World (B3W) initiative announced in G7 Summit 2020.

o
o NITI Aayog’s first Sustainable Development Goals(SDG) Urban India Index
2021-22: Top 10 urban areas are Shimla, Coimbatore, Chandigarh,
Thiruvananthapuram, Kochi, Panaji, Pune, Tiruchirappalli, Ahmedabad and
Nagpur. The bottom 10 urban areas are Dhanbad, Meerut, Itanagar,
Guwahati, Patna, Jodhpur, Kohima, Agra, Kolkata and Faridabad. This
dashboard developed with the Indo-German Development Cooperation. For
each SDG, the urban areas are ranked on a scale of 0-100. A score of 100
implies that the urban area has achieved the targets set for 2030; a score of 0
implies that it is the farthest from achieving the targets. Previously NITI
Aayog’s SDG Index for STATES covered under Already covered in Mrunal's
Free Win21 Lecture Series available at mrunal.org/download नी�त आयोग का सतत्
�वकास ल� शहरी भारत सूचकांक 2021
o Smart Cities project by Ministry of Housing and Urban Affairs (MoHUA) →
Integrated Command and Control Centres (ICCCs) to enable authorities to
monitor the status of various amenities in real time, were initially aimed at
controlling and monitoring water and power supply, sanitation, traffic
movement, integrated building management, city connectivity and Internet
infrastructure. They will now also monitor various other parameters and is
also linked to the CCTNS (Crime and Criminal Tracking Networks and

Systems) network under the Ministry of Home Affairs (MHA). �ाटर् �सटी योजना
के अंतगर्त शहरों म� एक�कृ त आदेश और �नयं त्रण क� द्र बनाए जाएं गे- �जसक� अ�धकारी �बजली पानी सड़क
पु�लस इ�ािद पर अ�े से िड�जटल �नगरानी कर सके
o Swachh Bharat Mission Swachh Survekshan 2021 by Ministry of Housing &
Urban Affairs MoHUA. A) cities with over 10 lakh population: Rank1-
INDORE (fifth consecutive year), 2-Surat and 3-Vijaywada. B) Varanasi
emerged as the ‘Best Ganga Town’ while Ahmedabad Cantonment won the
title of ‘India’s Cleanest Cantonment’. C) under the Prerak Daaur Samman, a
new performance category introduced under Swachh Survekshan 2021, five
cities – Indore, Surat, Navi Mumbai, New Delhi Municipal Council and
Tirupati were categorized as ‘Divya’ (Platinum).
o EcoPil5-INFRA: Housing. (DATA) more than 77% of the total assets of an
average Indian household are held in real estate, and it’s the single largest
investment of an individual in his lifetime. (Origin) Consumer Protection
Act, 1986 was inadequate to address the needs of homebuyers against the
builders’ malpractices. So, 2016: Real Estate (Regulation and Development)
Act, 2016 (RERA). � if the building project had started but not given
completion certificate in 2016- those projects not covered in law. However
now Supreme Court has given the retrospective effect- so those buyers can
also benefit. �
combatative federalism: West Bengal government not
implementing this law has enacted its own legislation — West Bengal
Housing Industry Regulation Act, 2017 (HIRA) — instead of notifying rules
under RERA. (२०१६ का रेरा क़ानून लागू होने के िदन जो �ब��गं प्रोजे� �नमार्णाधीन िकए ह� उन पर
वो क़ानून लागू होगा क� नहीं इस पर सुप्रीम कोटर् ने “भूतल�� अ�ीकरण” का फ़े सला िदया। प��म बं गाल
म� ये क़ानून नहीं है िक उ�ोंने अपनी रा� के �लए अलग क़ानून बनाया है)
o Swachh Bharat Mission Swachh Survekshan 2021 by Ministry of Housing &
Urban Affairs MoHUA. A) cities with over 10 lakh population: Rank1-
INDORE (fifth consecutive year), 2-Surat and 3-Vijaywada. B) Varanasi
emerged as the ‘Best Ganga Town’ while Ahmedabad Cantonment won the

title of ‘India’s Cleanest Cantonment’. C) under the Prerak Daaur Samman, a

new performance category introduced under Swachh Survekshan 2021, five
cities – Indore, Surat, Navi Mumbai, New Delhi Municipal Council and
Tirupati were categorized as ‘Divya’ (Platinum).
o EcoPil5-INFRA: urbanisation and housing problem for migrants. 1) We’ve
equated housing to permanent housing, ownership housing.. But we need to
focus also on rental houses for migrants. Model rental law need to be adopted
by all the states to encourage the rental housing 2) Difficult to solve housing
question in a structurally unequal economy where wages are stagnant. 3)
Focus in India is supply-side driven (creation of more houses for purchase)
but it is not automatically making the house is cheap because of the angles of
black money/corruption in land clearance. So, focus needs to be on
affordability of the houses as well. (प्रवासी मज़दू रों के �लए आवास मकान क� सम�ा- �
भारत म� आवास का मतलब है अपने पैसों से कायमी �प से मकान ख़रीदना जबिक कम तन�ाह, और
तबादले के चलते ये सबके �लए सं भव नहीं है। भारत सरकार द्वारा बनाए गए आदशर् िकरायेदारी अ�ध�नयम
क़ानून को सभी रा�ों ने ज�ी से अपनाना चािहए। भारत म� नी�त करता है यह सोचते ह� िक यह यिद �ादा
मकान बना िदए जाएं गे तो अपने आप से आवास क� सम�ा सुलझ जाएगी लेिकन भारत म� मकानों क�
सं �ा तो � रही है लेिकन वे िकफ़ायती नहीं है इस�लए सम�ा जारी है। इस�लए नी�त �नमार्ताओं का ज़ोर
इस बात पर होना चािहए क� मकानों को िकफ़ायती कै से बनाया जाए)
o MPLADS restored. 2021- 2cr, 2022 onwards: 5 cr per year. More details
already covered in Mrunal’s free Win20 Lecture Series Pillar5. Handout
Page183. https://mrunal.org/download (https://mrunal.org/download) (सांसद
�वकास �न�ध वाली योजना जो कोरोना म� ��गत क� गई थी वापस शु� क� जाएगी हालाँिक वतर्मान वषर् म�
�सफ़र् दो करोड़ और अगले साल से सालाना 5, करोड़ का quota होगा)
6-HRD: EDU � /HEALTH/POVERTY
o ASER (Annual Status of Education Report) by NGO Pratham. 16th Ediiton-
2020 Telephonic survey found that 1) Share of government schools in
admission increased from 65% to 70% because during Corona parents lost
income so unable to afford private schools. 2) 30% rural households

purchased mobile tablet to have the child for e-learning Bhatt's problems
persist 3) increased reliance on tuitions (भारत के �श�ा िक वा�षक ��त के �लए असर
�रपोटर्- फ़ोरम के दौरान आमदनी कम होने के चलते कई माँ बाप ने अपने ब�ों को सरकारी �ू ल म� दा�ख़ल
करवाया है - �ोंिक �नजी �ू ल क� महँ गी फ़�स स�व निह। इ-लर�नगं क� सम�ाए और ट्यूशन सं �ृ �त
बढ rhi ह� उसपर िट��णया )
o Edu: Education Ministry-> CBSE to conduct National Achievement Survey
(NAS) based on the test designed by National Council of Educational
Research and Training (NCERT) to test the comprehension and numerical
skills of children in classes 3, 5, 8 and 10. �signs of learning loss caused by
coronavirus-induced disruptions, especially among children in lower grade.
(�ाभा�वक है �श�ा मं त्रालय के रा��ीय उपल�� सव��ण म� �ू ल के ब�ों के नं बर कम आएँ गे)
o UNION EDUCATION Ministry is keen to restart schools because 1) over 92
per cent teaching staff received at least one dose of the coronavirus vaccine.
2) if schools are not a reopened then “the levels of dropout and/or
disengagement from school will be high 3) ⏫ malnutrition among poor
children who are not getting mid-day meal due to closed schools. 4) many
states have already started schools, except Manipur and West Bengal (�श�ा
मं त्रालय ने �व�भ� रा� सरकारों पर ज़ोर दे रहा है िक ज� से ज� �ू ल वापस शु� िकए जाएं �ोंिक 90
प्र�तशत से �ादा �श�कों ने कम से कम कोरोना क� एक खुराक/ टीका ले �लया है। अ�धक समय तक �ू ल
बं ध रहने पर ग़रीब ब�े बाल मज़दू री म� भेज िदए जाएं , और कु पोषण क� सम�ा बढ़ती ह� �ोंिक उ��
�ू ल म� न जाने के कारण म�ाह्न भोजन योजना का लाभ नहीं �मल रहा।)
o EcoPill6: HRD: National Family Health Survey (NHFS-5), released by Health
ministry: 1) Total fertility rate has declined: On an average, a woman in India
was likely to bear 2.7 children in her lifetime (2005). This TFR ⏬ to 2.2
(2015) and now ⏬ 2(as per latest NFHS). Thus, NHFS-5 indicates that the
country has taken the first step towards an outright reduction in population.
2) ⏫ in women using bank accounts, phones. Beyond that �
� � � �
until � �ES22 released next year. रा�ी� य प�रवार �ा� सव��ण म� पाया गया िक मिहलाओं
के कु ल प्रजनन दर म� कमी आयी है

o Heath: “palliative care”: “the active total care of patients whose disease is not
responsive to curative treatment (e.g. death imminent in cancer). Then
patient is taken at home. Drugs for control of pain, combined with
psychological, social and spiritual councelling for patients and their families.”
� Challenges in India 1) Non-communicable diseases like cancer are on the
rise. At present, in India, we have 30 lakh (3 million) people with cancer at
any given time. 2) Reluctance of people to get timely check-ups during the
pandemic, the number of people presenting with advanced cancers in the
coming days is likely to swell. 3) They will need palliative support. But,
Palliative care is almost non-existent at the grassroots in India. There is a lack
of trained personnel, restricted access to opioids for pain control. प्रशामक
देखभाल- यानी िक जब मरीज़ क� मौत �न��त हो तो उसे अ�ताल से घर वापस भेज िदया जाए और के वल
ददर् शमन और मनोवै�ा�नक आ�ा��क सां�ना दी जाए। भारत म� बढ़ते �ए क� सर के मामलों के चलते
इसक� ज़�रत है िक�ु इस प्रकार क� पेशेवर लोगों क� कमी और ददर्शमन के नाम पर के वल अफ़�म
आधा�रत दवाइयों का उपयोग एक सम�ा है।
o Science: Cancer- BRCA 1 and BRCA 2 are proteins associated with breast
tissues which help repair damaged DNA or destroy cells if the damaged DNA
cannot be repaired. They are thus tumour suppressor or caretaker genes. if
BRCA itself has undergone a mutation, it loses the ability to repair DNA. This
increases the cancer chances in women.
o � � � � � Oral Diabetic drug using A nanoparticle made from a
polymerised bile acid helps reinstate normal metabolism and eventually
restore immune competence. This much technical science gives poor cost
benefit:
o 6-HRD/Public Health: Generic drugs are chemically identical to drugs whose
patent has expired. Every pharmaceutical company can manufacture and
send it. e.g. Paracetamol. When chemist and customers deal in generic drugs
they are mainly focusing on brand differentiation (Cadila vs Pfizer) based on
profit margin, perceived quality respectively. But there is no way for the

customer to find out which generic drug brand is better quality for the given
price range? COMPETITION Commission of India (CCI, statutory body
under the Ministry of corporate affairs) conducted a market study on the
pharmaceutical sector. Then CCI’s committee suggested Setting up of
National Digital Drugs Databank that will help the customers make an
informed decision. In a separate BizGK, FLIPKART aquires online pharma
store SastaSundar.com. Pharmaeasy online pharma store startup is planning
to launch its IPO. So there is also a need for regulation of the online
pharmaceutical market Place. (जब िकसी दवाई का पेट�ट समा� हो जाए तो अ� सभी फ़ामार्
कं प�नयां इसका उ�ादन कर सकती है ऐसी दवाई को ऐसी पेट�ट मु� दवाई को जेने�रक दवाएँ कहा जाता
है. हालाँिक िफर ऐसी कोई दवाई िकसी कं पनी क� ख़रीदी जाए इसका �नणर्य दवाई के दक
ु ानदार मुनाफ़े के
कमीशन पर और आप ग्राहक िकसी बड़ी कं पनी क� गुणव�ा/�व�ापन पर �व�ास से करते ह�। िक�ु अंततः
ग्राहक का शोषण हो ऐसा जो�खम रहता है इस�लए भारतीय प्र�त�धार् आयोग क� एक स�म�त ने सुझाव िदया
है िक रा��ीय िडजीटल दवाई डेटा ब�क बनाया जाए �जसम� सभी कं पनीयो क� दवाइयों क� गुणव�ा के बारे म�
जानकारी हो तािक ग्राहक सही �नणर्य ले पाए।)
o EcoPill6: HRD: Hunger Malnutrition: National Food Security Act 2013 gives
5 kg foodgrains to the poor at subsidised rate (1-2-3 rs per kg for coarse
grain, wheat, rice respectively.) Corona-2020: PM Garib Kalyan Ann Yojna
(PMGKAY)- means in addition to the subsidised 5kg grains, Government
will also give extra 5kg foodgrains for FREE. Scheme has been extended till
March 2022. Boss? Ministry of Consumer Affairs, Food & Public
Distribution (कोरोना के दौरान ग़रीबों को पाँच िकलो अनाज मु� िदया जाए ऐसे ही प्रधानमं त्री ग़रीब
क�ाण अ� योजना को कु छ समय के �लए जारी रखा जाएगा)
o EcoPill6: HRD: Poverty estimation: Multi-dimensional Poverty Index (MPI)

was by the Oxford Poverty and Human Development Initiative (OPHI) and

the UN Development Programme. Using 10 Questions across 3-Dimensions

(– health, education, and standard of living). Now NITI Aayog also prepared
India’s own first ever MPI Index. 3-Dimensions (– health, education, and
standard of living: Each given equal weight)→ 12 Questions: nutrition,
school attendance, years of schooling, drinking water, sanitation, housing,
bank accounts etc. Result? Highest Poverty: 1) Bihar (52%) 2) Jharkhand
(42%) and Uttar Pradesh (38%). Lowest Poverty? Kerala, Goa, and Sikkim
(नी�त आयोग का ब� आयामी ग़रीबी-�नधर्नता सूचकांक। �ा� �श�ा और जीवन �र के तीन आयामों
पर कु ल �मलाकर 12 अलग अलग प्र�ों के आधार पर लोगों क� गरीबों को नापा जाए इसम� �बहार झारखं ड
और उ�र प्रदेश म� सबसे �ादा प्र�तशत लोग गरीब/�नधर्न है)
Figure 1: From Business Standard
o MGNREGA problems highlighted by civil society groups: �

1) insufficient
allocation and delayed payments. 2021: Out of the total allocation of Rs
73,000 crore, over Rs 17,000 crore will be used just to pay off the payments to
rural poor for the work they did in the last financial year. �
2) DEMAND
SUPPRESSION: as per MGNREGA Act: A) work should be provided within
15 days of demanding it, failing which the workers are entitled to an
unemployment allowance. B) workers should be paid within 15 days of
completion of work, failing which they are entitled to compensation for the
delays. But neither A or B implemented in letter and spirit in real life so.

Consequently poor people migrate to urban areas even if less wages available-
because they feel that in the private sector employer will at least pay on
monthly basis and they will not have to wait for the entire year! �
3)
CASTE-BASED PAYMENT DELAYS: March 2021, the Centre came out with
a circular asking state governments to send three separate bills for money
release a) SC, b) ST, c) Other categories. Critics argue that i) it increases the
workload of lower bureaucracy in the paper document preparation ii) worker
from non-SC/ST not getting payment on time (perhaps because govt doesn’t
have enough money to pay everyone on time so priority given to SC/ST
workers)→ resulting in the caste-based tension at job site. (मनरेगा योजना म� तीन
बड़ी सम�ाएं - १) व� पर मज़दू र भुगतान नहीं िकया जाता २) व� पर काम नहीं िदया जाता और
बेरोज़गारी भ�ा भी नहीं िदया जाता, �जसके चलते मज़दू र शहरों म� चले जाते ह� बड़े वहाँ तन�ाह कम
�मलती है �ोंिक कम से कम व� भी तो �मल जाती है ३) क� द्र सरकार ने नया �नयम बनाया िक रा�ों ने
तीन अलग अलग द�ावेज़ भेजने होंगे एससी, एसटी और अ� समुदाय के भुगतान के �लए। आलोचक
बता रही है क� इस प्रकार के कागज़ी वग�करण के बाद ग़ैर एससी-ग़ैर-ST मज़दू रों को देरी से भुगतान िकया
जाता है (�ोंिक सरकार के पास पैसा कम है), इसके चलते गाँव म� जा�त आधा�रत तनाव बढ़ रहा है।
o 6HRD: Keywords for Children development (from TN Policy): malnutrition,
anaemia, infant mortality rate, under 5 mortality rate, child sex ratio, full
immunization, body mass index, gross enrolment ratio at high and higher
secondary level, open defecation, child marriage, child labour, gender and
social exclusion. etc, Benefit: UN Convention on the Rights of the Child
(UNCRC), 1989, National Policy for Children, 2013, the National Plan of
Action 2016 and the UN document ‘Transforming our world, The 2030
Agenda for Sustainable Development’. (बाल �वकास के बारे म� �लखना हो तो त�मलनाडु राज्
क� बाल �वकास नी�त से अलग अलग �चकने चुपड़े श�)
o EcoPill6: HRD: Women Development- preventing child marriages: �
Conditional cash transfers (CCTs) by most states not helped much. Because,
CCTs alone cannot change social norms. � Parents’ belief that girls need to
marry early for safety and protection of family honour or economic burden

need to change. � High levels of child marriage reflect lack of opportunities

for women and girls in society. �
Early marriage means Low domestic
status of teenage wives she has long hours of domestic labour; poor nutrition
and anaemia; social isolation; domestic violence; early childbearing-
IMR,MMR⏫,few decision-making powers within the home. � Thus, The
costs of child marriage include teenage pregnancy, population growth, child
stunting, poor learning outcomes for children and the loss of women’s
participation in the workforce. � Way Forward? �
Karnataka amended
the Prohibition of Child Marriage Act in 2017, declaring every child marriage
void ab initio, making it a cognisable offence, and introducing a minimum
period of rigorous imprisonment for all who enable a child marriage. Same
need to be replicated across India. �
Setup network of residential schools,
girls’ hostels, and public transport. �
Girls’ clubs should be systematically
formed in high school to provide informal social networks for group study,
solidarity, and resilience. �
Teachers should hold regular gender equality
conversations with high school girls and boys to shape progressive attitudes
that will sustain into adulthood. (बाल �ववाह �ों ख़राब है और उसे कै से रोका जाए। कु छ
रा� सरकारों द्वारा सशतर् नक़दी ह�ांतरण िकया जाता है यिद बेटी का �ाह 18 साल क� उम्र से पहले न
िकया जाए हालाँिक इस प्रकार क� योजनाएं ख़ास प्रभावी नहीं रही जब तक ग़रीब माँ बाप बेटी को बोझ
समझ�- वे ज�ी से उसे �ाह देते है। बाल �ववाह के चलते ने बेटी क� पढ़ाई पर �कावट कम उम्र म� माँ बनना
�जसके चलते माँ और ब�े दोनों का �ा� ख़राब होता है इस प�रवार ने ऐसे ही अ�श��त/नोकरी-हीन
मिहलाओं को घरे लू िहसं ा और कु पोषण से जूझना पड़ता है। उपाय ��प कनार्टक रा� सरकार ने जो स�
क़ानून बनाए ह� उसी को पूरे भारत म� लागू िकए जाएं -�जसम� बाल �ववाह करवाने वाले ��यों पर दो साल
क� सज़ा अ�नवायर् �प से होती है। लड़िकयों क� �श�ा और �ा� के �लए योजनाओं को प्रभावी �प से
लागू िकया जाए �श�कों ने भी �ान देना चािहए िक उनके �ास मे पढ़ने वाली �वद्या�थनीयों म� से िकसी का
बाल �ववाह हो रहा है तो पु�लस को सू�चत कर�।)
o 6HRD: Keywords for Children development (from TN Policy): malnutrition,
anaemia, infant mortality rate, under 5 mortality rate, child sex ratio, full
immunization, body mass index, gross enrolment ratio at high and higher

secondary level, open defecation, child marriage, child labour, gender and
social exclusion. etc, Benefit: UN Convention on the Rights of the Child
(UNCRC), 1989, National Policy for Children, 2013, the National Plan of
Action 2016 and the UN document ‘Transforming our world, The 2030
Agenda for Sustainable Development’. (बाल �वकास के बारे म� �लखना हो तो त�मलनाडु राज्
क� बाल �वकास नी�त से अलग अलग �चकने चुपड़े श�)
ENVIRONMENT🌿🌿/POLLUTION🛺🛺/BIODIVERSITY
o COP26, Glasgow: Modi’s Panchamrit five big-ticket announcements at the

climate change summit COP26 in Glasgow 1) renewable energy capacity by
2030 to be 500 GW (Earlier 450GW) 2) non-fossil fuel energy in India’s total
energy mix to be 50% by 2030 (previously this target was 40%). 3) emissions
intensity, or emissions per unit GDP, will be reduced by at least 45 per cent
by the year 2030 from the 2005 levels. (previously this target was 33 to 35%)
4) a net-zero emissions target by 2070. means all man-made GHG emissions
must be removed from atmosphere through absorption in processes like
photosynthesis or physical removal 5) REDUCE TOTAL projected carbon
emissions by 1 bn tonnes from now to 2030. This is the first time India has
made absolute quantity target. (�ास्गो जलवायु प�रवतर्न प�रषद म� प्रधानमं त्री मोदी क�
मह�पूणर् घोषणाएँ - पुननर्वीनीकरण ऊजार् का उ�ादन बढ़ाया जाएगा और GDP क� उ�जर्न तीव्रता को
कम िकया जाएगा और उ�जर्न को शुद्ध �प से 0 िकया जाएगा.)

o Glasgow Leaders’ Declaration on Forests and Land Use by the United

Kingdom to "halt deforestation" and land degradation by 2030. � It
requires countries to act on forest conservation in the interconnected areas of
production and consumption; infrastructure development; trade; finance and
investment. � leaders who signed the declaration represent over 85% of the
world's forests and 12 countries have committed 12 billion dollars in public
funds from 2021-25, to protect and restore forests. �
This funding will
include a 1.5 billion dollar fund to protect the Congo Basin --home to the
secondlargest tropical rainforest in the world. It has 105 signatories including
the UK, US, Russia and China. �
But India, Argentina, Mexico, Saudi
Arabia and South Africa did not sign the declaration. �
India’s stand:
remove the word “trade” because it is more suited to be dealt with the World
Trade Organisation. � Why India took such stand? Perhaps Apprehension
that taking excuse of such declarations, first world nations may start charging
more taxes on Indian exports citing they have been produced in the
deforested area. (वन और भू�म इ�ेमाल पर �ासगो नेताओं क� घोषणा: �व�भ� देशों क� सरकारों ने
उ�ादन उपभोग बु�नयादी अवसं रचना �नमार्ण �ापार �नवेश इ�ािद के व� वन सं वद्धर्न का ख़याल रखना
होगा। इसम� �ब्रटेन अमरीका �स चाइना जैसे सौ से अ�धक देशों ने ह�ा�र िकए ली थी लेिकन भारत
अज�टीना मै��को सऊदी अरब द��ण अफ़्रीका इ�ािद ने ह�ा�र नहीं िकए �ोंिक भारत को एतराज़ है
िक इस घोषणा के �ापार श� का �ज़क्र नहीं होना चािहए �ापार के मसले के बल �व� �ापार सं गठन के
समझौतों के िहसाब से होनी चािहए। शायद भारत सरकार को ऐसा डर लगता है िक इस प्रकार क� सं �ध और
घोषणाओं द्वारा भ�व� म� भारतीय सामान के �नयार्त पर प्रथम �व� के देश और �ादा टै� लगाएं गे िक ये
जं गल को काटकर बनाई फै़ �री का सामान है।)

o UNFCCC COP26, Glasgow UK Summit. British politician ALOK SHARMA

was PRESIDENT OF THIS YEAR’S CLIMATE CONFERENCE. Outcomes.
What COP26 achieved � 1) Asked countries to make efforts to reduce use
of coal as a source of fuel, and abolish “inefficient” subsidies on fossil fuels.
�2) Asked the developed countries to at least double the money being
provided for adaptation by 2025 from 2019 levels. And give $100 billion by
2023. � 3) Already Mitigation target= the 2°C goal. But, a similar global
goal on adaptation has been missing, so in the next two years they will try to
define the target for adaptation. �
4) LOSS AND DAMAGE mechanism
mentioned in Warsaw summit 8 years back. But nothing concrete yet still
giving lipservice. �
5) CARBON MARKET: Such a market allows
countries, or industries, to earn carbon credits for the emission reductions.
While Developing countries like India, China or Brazil have large amounts of
carbon credits left over because of the lack of demand, as many countries
abandoned their emission reduction targets. So, Glasgow Pact has offered
some reprieve to the developing countries. It has allowed these carbon credits
to be used in meeting countries’ first NDC targets (i.e. until 2025), but not
subsequent NDC targets. 6) Asked countries to strengthen their 2030 climate
action plans, or NDCs (nationally-determined contributions), by next year 7)
an annual meeting of ministers to raise ambitions of 2030 climate actions 8)
member countries need to present an annual synthesis report about NDC
progress. � on sidelines of the summit, parallel progress made by
individual nations 1) India announced a Panchamitra (a mixture of five
elements) of climate actions (REF EARLIER EXCEL) 2) Over 100 countries
signed pact against deforestation by 2030. India didnot sign) 3) Over 30
countries signed on to a declaration promising to work towards a transition
to 100% zero-emission cars by the year 2040. India signed. 4) COP26: Some
leaders wanted to “PHASE OUT” Coal. But India China and others opposed
the draft so now “PHASE DOWN COAL. And fossil fuel subsidies. India's

apprehension because if we stop giving LPG cylinder subsidies people will cut
firewood → air pollution, deforestation, women hardship. (जलवायु प�रवतर्न के
�ख़लाफ़ �ासगो प�रषद का �न�षर्: कोयले का प्रयोग कम कर�- हालाँिक कु छ नेता चाहते थे िक कोयले का
सं पूणर् �प से प्र�तबं �धत हो जाए लेिकन भारत चीनी �तवारी ने �वरोध िकया था। �वक�सत देशों ने 2030 तक
सौ �ब�लयन डॉलर देने होंगे। एडे�ेशन यानी अनुकूलन क� �ा�ा अगले दो साल म� �नधार्�रत होगी।
नुक़सान और उसक� भरपाई के मामले म� कोई सं तोषजनक �नणर्य। भारत ब्राज़ील चीन इ�ािद अपने जमा
काबर्न क्रेिडट 2025 तक बेच पाएं गे। आने वाले वष� म� सालाना �प से कायर्प्रग�त का लेखा जोखा देना
होगा। इस प�रषद के समांतर- जं गल कटाई �ख़ से छे दन के �ख़लाफ़ एक और समझौता �आ लेिकन भारत
ने उस पर ह�ा�र नहीं िकया। 2040 के बाद शू� उ�जर्न वाली गािड़यां बेची जाए उस समझौते पर भारत
ने ह�ा�र िकए।
o Most polluted city's of the world: 1) Bangladesh capital Dhaka 2) Mongolia’s
capital Ulaanbaatar 3) Lahore,Pak:- as per pollution index, of Switzerland-
based air quality information platform IQAir. (although I find it less useful
for two reasons 1) organisation not very famous 2) UPSC ‘usually’ avoid
asking ranks which put nations in to negative light. �व� के सबसे प्रदू �षत शहर
o Environment/Pollution: 953 richest families in India own 26 per cent of the
country’s GDP. If government demanded 4% climate tax from them it could
be equivalent of 1% of GDP. But instead of that government levying high
level of indirect taxes (GST on biscuit medicines, Excise-VAT on fuel) on
common Man. Need to increase the direct taxes collection. अमीरों पर �ादा
कराधान लगाकर जलवायु प�रवतर्न के �लए पैसा इ�ेमाल हो
o Environment/Biodiv: scorpions found mostly in deserts. can survive for
weeks on end with no food or water. Egypt sudden flood in Aswan region->
deathstalker scorpions came out & stung over 500 people in a night. A
deathstalker’s sting can kill a child. Adults may also sicken and die,
depending on their health and weight इ�ज� म� �ब�ु ओंने एक रात म� पाँचसो लोगों को
काटा। मूडीज़ बहन से छोटा ब�ा मर सकता है वय� �� मरेगा क� नहीं वो उसक� �ा� और वजन
पर �नभर्र है

o Environment/Biodiversity: 2015 Rajsthan Camel protection law 1) Camel

slaughter prohibited 2) Possession of camel offense 3) requires the seller to
obtain approval from the district magistrate before transporting the camel to
another State. �
Camel population/ �slaughter. � Redtapism. taking
man months to get the clearance. Raika and Raibari communities have been
protesting, at the ongoing cattle fair in Pushkar (राज�ान ऊँ ट-ह�ा प्र�तबं ध क़ानून के
�ख़लाफ़ �वरोध हो रहा है)
o Environment/Pollution: Apple to sell spare-parts and tools help aimed at
fixing the most common issues with laptop display, iPhone etc. �E-waste
reduction by prolonging the life-cycle of a product. Circular-economy,
“Right to Repair”
o Environment/Pollution: COMMISSION for Air Quality Management
(CAQM) is an Statutory body under THE COMMISSION FOR AIR
QUALITY MANAGEMENT IN NATIONAL CAPITAL REGION AND
ADJOINING AREAS ACT, 2021 set up by the Union Environment Ministry
to oversee measures to curb air pollution in the National Capital Region
NCR, Haryana, Uttar Pradesh and Rajasthan. It has ordered following for
NCR: 1) closing of all education institutions, including schools and colleges,
till further notice, a 2) halt on all construction activities till November 21. 3)
as well as work from home for 50 per cent staff in government offices. 4)
Anti-smog guns, water sprinkling and dust suppressants are to be deployed
thrice a day in hotspots. 5) heavy penalties are to be imposed on parties
stacking construction material and waste on roads. 6) banned the use of
diesel generator sets except in emergencies. (िद�ी म� वायु प्रदू षण के �ख़लाफ़ क� द्र सरकार
क� CAQM आयोग ने िदशा �नद�श जारी िकए- �ू ल कॉलेजों को बं द िकया जाए, सरकारी द�रों म� �सफ़र्
आधा मानवबल आए, बाक़� सब घर से काम कर�। मकान �नमार्ण प्रिक्रयाओं पर रोक ।पानी �छड़काव,
�ोग-रोधी बं दू क़ का इ�ेमाल। डीज़ल �वद्यतु जनरेटर पर रोक, �सवाय के आपातकाल म� प्रयोग करना
पड़े।)

o Environment/Pollution: Rich countries, including the United States, Canada,

Japan, and much of western Europe, account for just 12 per cent of the global
population today but are responsible for 50 percent of all the planet-warming
greenhouse gases released from fossil fuels and industry over the past 170
years. So they need to be more responsible for combating the climate change
but they are yet to release the 100 bn dollars promised in the previous round
of climate talks.(जलवायु प�रवतर्न के �ख़लाफ़ लड़ाई म� अमीर देशों क� भू�मका �ादा होनी चािहए
�ोंिक �पछले डेढ़ सौ से �ादा सालों म� सबसे �ादा प्रदू षण तो उ�� ने िकया है)
o Environment/Pollution: EUROPEAN Commission has decided to sue its

member country Portugal for its poor air quality caused by high levels of
nitrogen dioxide. �
Points to Reflect for Essay/Interview: it is wrong to
think SAARC IS EPICFAIL BUT EU model bahut mahaan hai. 1) Britain
exited for economic/political/migrants reasons in BREXIT. 2) EU itself suing
member Portugal for pollution. Will Portugal industry lobby also start
PORTUEXIT? 3) EU passing resolution against member-Poland for LGBTQ.
If EU fails to protect Poland against the Belarus ki ‘weaponisation of migrant
strategy’ will Poland sit in the lap of Russia who also shares homophobic
laws? Excessive “WOKIsm” “Greta-Thurnbug-giri” may become a concern

for integrity of the union. Whereas India, despite all challenges, helped the
neighbouring countries in the corona . (SAARC सं गठन सं पूणर् �प से �वफल �आ और
यूरोपीय सं घ का मॉडल बोहोत महान है ऐसा मानना ग़लत वहाँ पर भी सम�ाएं ह�। �ब्रटेन यूरो�पयन सं घ से
अलग हो चुका है। EU द्वारा सद� देश पुतर्गाल पर ही प्रदू षण का मुक़दमा चलाया जा रहा है। सद� देश
पोल�ड के �ख़लाफ़ समल��गकता अ�धकारों के बारे म� प्र�ाव पा�रत िकए जा रहे ह�। यह सब पयार्वरण अ�त
सिक्रयता और समल��गक अ�त सिक्रयता सं घ के कु छ और सद�ों के �वघटन का भ�व� म� कारण हो सकती
है)
o Pollution: Non-legally binding Declaration for only zero-emission cars and
vans are sold by the year 2040. Venue? Sideline of COP26, Glasgow UK,
2021. � Members: India, 30 other members, big car marker companies
including Ford, General Motors, Mercedes-Benz, Jaguar Land Rover and
Volvo � United States, China and Japan — are not a part of this initiative.
वषर् 2040 के बाद के वल शू� उ�जर्न करने वाली गािड़यों को ही बेचा जाए ऐसे एक घोषणा पत्र पर भारत
सिहत �व�भ� देशों ने ह�ा�र िकए ह� हालाँिक यह क़ानूनी �प से बा� नहीं है।
o Pollution: Global Resilience Index Initiative (GRII) at COP26, Glasgow-UK.
Members? United Nations office for Disaster Risk Reduction (UNDRR),
Insurance Development Forum (IDF), University of Oxford, Coalition for
Disaster Resilient Infrastructure (CDRI). �
Benefit? open-source reference
index to provide data for economic planning. (वै��क लचीलापन सूचकांक पहल)
o Pollution: USA joined the International Solar Alliance, as the 101st member.
o environment protection versus national defence: CHARDham project to
widen 889 km of hill roads for all-weather connectivity. Environment groups
find a PIL that it will damage the environment and fragile ecology. Govt’s
stand: required for faster movement of army because on the other side even
China is also developing infrastructure at a rapid level. Judge reflected: : “We
cannot deny the fact that at such a height, the security of the nation is at
stake. Can the highest constitutional court say that we will override defence
needs particularly in the face of recent events? Can we say that environment
will triumph over the defence of the nation? Or we say that defence concerns

be taken care of so that environmental degradation does not take place?”

(चारधाम हाईवे �नमार्ण के चलते पयार्वरण को ख़तरा लेिकन रा��ीय सुर�ा के �लए भी ब�त ज़�री है �ोंिक
दू सरी तरफ़ चीन के सीमावत� इलाकों म� काफ़� �नमार्ण कर रहा है)
o Flood in Smart Cities like Chennai: 1) unplanned urbanisation, Mall
construction, road construction, housing Society construction is blocking the
natural flow of water.
o 17TH EDITION of the Climate Change Performance Index 2021, compiled
by Germanwatch, the New Climate Institute, and the Climate Action
Network. first three ranks of the overall rankings were kept empty because no
country had performed well enough in all index categories to achieve an
overall very high rating. #4 Sweden. #10 India.
o Red Dust: pollution from the Chinese-owned steel mill in Serbian town.
Known to cause cancer.
o Environment/Pollution: Supreme Court on asked the Centre to inform it by
Monday if “emergency measures” like a “lockdown for two days” should be
imposed to prevent further deterioration of the Air Quality Index (AQI) in
Delhi. SC asked why only stubble burning was being talked about and not
bursting of firecrackers or vehicular pollution. िद�ी म� एक िदन प्र�तिदन बढ़ते �ए वायु
प्रदू षण को देखते �ए सुप्रीम कोटर् सोच रही है िक �ों न दो िदन का लॉकडाउन लगाया जाए तालाबं दी हो
o Environment/Pollution: Pakke Tiger Reserve 2047 Declaration on Climate
Change Resilient and Responsive Arunachal Pradesh: multi-sectoral
approach towards low emission and climate-resilient development through
five broad themes, or the Panch Dharas: environment, forest and climate
change; health and well being of all; sustainable and adaptive living;
livelihoods and opportunities; and evidence generation and collaborative
action. अ�णाचल प्रदेश रा� सरकार ने जलवायु प�रवतर्न के �ख़लाफ़ प�े टाइगर आर��त �व�ार
2047 घोषणा जारी क� . िकसी भारतीय रा� सरकार द्वारा ये पहली बार �आ है
o CDRI & IRIS- 2019: Coalition for Disaster Resilient Infrastructure (CDRI)
started by India to climate-proof critical infrastructure in member countries.

Twenty-six countries, including the US, Germany, UK, Australia, Brazil,

Bangladesh, Afghanistan, Nepal, Bhutan, Sri Lanka, and Japan are already
part of the coalition. The coalition will not create any new infrastructure —
rather, it will serve as a ‘knowledge centre’ for member countries to share
best practices. 2021: implement the ideas of CDRI, a new program launched
Infrastructure for Resilient Island States or IRIS to secure and strengthen
critical infrastructure in small island states against climate disasters such as
sea level rise, floods, heat, cyclones, forest fires, and rain. several small island
states have lost 9 per cent of their GDPs in single disasters during the last few
years. (जलवायु प�रवतर्न म� भी िटकाऊ िक़� क� बु�नयादी अवसं रचना बनाने के �लए CDRI सं गठन
क� �ापना अब उसे �वचार को आगे बढ़ाने के �लए और छोटे टापू क� मदद के �लए IRIS सं गठन बनाया
जा रहा है)
o INTERGOVERNMENTAL Panel on Climate Change (IPCC) recently
warned that unless serious reductions in emissions are made, average global
temperatures by 2100 would breach the 2°C mark compared to preindustrial
times. International team has studied a global temperature rise- About 56
million years ago, during a period known as the Paleocene-Eocene Thermal
Maximum (PETM), the Earth experienced a natural period of global
warming by 8 Degree celcius triggered by a volcanic eruption. It took 20,000
to 50,000 years for the climate to stabilise. (एक बार जलवायु प�रवतर्न के चलते यिद
तापमान बढ़ जाए तो उसे वापस सामा� ��त म� आने म� 20,000- पचास हज़ार वषर् लग सकते ह� ऐसा
एक �रसचर् से पाया गया है)
o Climate Café concept was started in 2018 by Rebecca Nestor of the UK-based
Climate Psychology Alliance. In Kerala also similar meeting programmes
organised for creating awareness among people
o Global warming → ⏫carbon dioxide reacted with the water, forming
carbonic acid, → 1) Ocean acidification an extension of ocean species 2)
Carbonic acid accelerates the weathering & erosion process. Although later
on such increases in weathering would have supported enhanced carbon

burial, as both carbonate and organic carbon, thereby stabilizing climate,”

(वै��क तापमान बढ़ने पर काबर्न डायॉ�ाइड पानी के साथ �ादा रासाय�नक िक्रया करके काब��नक ए�सड
बनाता है �जसके चलते समं दर म� �ादा ए�सिडटी बढ़ती है और कई जीव मर जाते ह�। यह काब��नक ए�सड
अप�य और �रण को तेज करता है, हालाँिक लं बी अव�ध तक ऐसा होने पर ही जलवायु तापमान को वो
��र करता है)
o IRIS for Small Islands’ infra in climate change → INDIAN SPACE Research
Organisation (ISRO) will create a special “data window” for small island
nations’ satellite data that will help these countries to strengthen their fences
against climate disasters. . So far, 26 countries, along with some UN agencies,
multilateral development banks, and financial institutions, have become part
of the IRIS coalition
o “Lithium is one of the very few elements that is not used by biology or plants
at all (unlike). So signals from growing or dying plants don’t affect lithium.
So, basically, Li is a tracer that only is affected by weathering and nothing
else. (पशु प�ी और वृ�ों के जीने मरने से फॉ�ोरस नाइट�ोजन ऑ��जन काबर्न इ�ािद त�ों क� मात्रा
म� वृ�द्ध यह �गरावट हो सकती है लेिकन ली�थयम ऐसा नहीं है।)
o Newzealand’s Longtailed bat also known as pekapeka-tou-roa , which is
among the most endangered species in the world. New Zealand private
organisation voted this bad as the “best bird of the year” even though Bat is
not a bird but a mammal but they wanted to highlight the need for its
conservation। चमगादड़ �नधारी होते ह� प�ी नहीं
POLITY & GOVERNANCE
POLITY � → 6-RIGHTS-ISSUE �

- Polity: 6-Rights issues/Edu/NE/Regionalism: MEGHALAYA CHIEF Minister

Conrad Sangma exhorted the state’s youth to learn Hindi to be able to “cross the
language barrier” and get employed in other parts of India. What do the youth
need? Pride? Self-esteem? For that, one needs to be economically independent,
which comes with a job that needs a person to understand things. National
Education Policy, 2020 lays stress on the mother tongue and Indian languages.
2) Mizoram Chief Minister Zoramthanga wrote to Home Minister Amit Shah,
requesting a Mizo-speaking chief secretary, asserting that if an IAS who doesn’t
know Mizo is made Chief Secretary he will not be able to do his work in an
efficient manner. (भाषा/प्रांतवाद: मेघालय के मु�मं त्री ने रा� के नौजवानों को िहदं ी सीखकर अपने
रोज़गार के अवसर बढ़ाने क� सलाह दी है िक यिद आप इ�त और आ�स�ान चाहते ह� तो आ�थक �प से
�तं त्र होना ज़�री और उसके �लए नौकरी होना ज़�री। �जसके �लए अगर िह�ी पढ़ने पड़े तो कु छ ग़लत नहीं
है। वैसे भी भारत क� �श�ा नी�त म� मातृभाषा तथा अ� भारतीय भाषाओं म� पढ़ाई को प्रो�ाहन क� बात है।)
- Polity: Rights issues: Supreme Court had asked the Centre to explain what
exercise it had undertaken to arrive at the Rs8-lakh annual income criteria to
identify EWS eligible for reservation? You can’t just pull out Rs 8 lakh from
anywhere. There must be some data. Sociological, demographic! Presently, the
Other Backward Classes (OBCs) non-creamy layer quota also has ₹8 lakh
income limit. �While OBC suffer from social and educational backwardness”
but “under the Constitutional scheme, EWS are not socially and educationally

backward. They’re only Economically Weaker. �

Therefore, by having a
similar income limit for both OBS & EWS, govt is making unequals equals. �

Then union government has assured that they will come up with suitable criteria
for EWS income limit. आ�थक �प से �पछड़े वगर् के आर�ण के �लए मह�म सालाना आय मयार्दा आठ
लाख �पये �ों है इसके पीछे �ा कोई सामा�जक आ�थक सव��ण �आ है ऐसा प्र� सुप्रीम कोटर् ने सरकार को
पूछा, �ोंिक OBC समुदाय के �लए भी यही आय-मयार्दा है। अगर OBC समुदाय सामा�जक और शै��णक
�प से �पछड़ा �आ है और उनके �लए आयी मयार्दा आठ लाख �पये है तो सामने EWS जो िक सामा�जक �प
से �पछड़े नहीं है के वल आ�थक �प से �पछड़ा है तो उसका भी आय मयार्दा अगर 8 लाख �पये रखा जाए तो ये
ऐसी बात है िक दो अ-समान समुदायों को समान �गना जा रहा है जो क़ानूनी �प से ग़लत है। सरकार ने सुप्रीम
कोटर् को कहा है वे कु छ नये मानदंड लेकर आएं गे।
- Polity: 6-Rights issues: Gujarat 2017 Budget speech declared that Gujarat
would be a “vegetarian state”, adoption of tougher cow slaughter law. However
banning meat goes against 1) right to food /right to life 2) Sociologists and
historians assert that the belief that Gujarat is a vegetarian state is a myth. As per
the Sample Registration Survey of 2014, Gujarat has a 40% meat eating
population, which is even higher than in Punjab and Rajasthan. And these are
not just Muslims, Christians and Parsis, but also OBCs, Dalits and Tribals. 3)
Gujarat is also a major fish producer, contributing 17% of the country’s marine
produce. The Kharwa and Koli OBC communities of Saurashtra and South
Gujarat, are largely into fish production. 4) controversy started because BJP
Mayors of Rajkot, Vadodara, Bhavnagar and Ahmedabad launched drive to
remove non-veg food stalls. However, later BJP State president told them not to
do it. (मांसाहारी खाद्य पदाथ� पर सं वैधा�नक �प से कोई प्र�तबं ध नहीं है, हालाँिक गुजरात के कु छ शहरों म�
मेयर मांसाहारी खाद्य ठे लों को हटवा रहे थे क� िह�ू और जैन समाज क� सं वेदनाओं को वो आहत कर रहा है
लेिकन िफर BJP ने बताया िक हम ऐसा नहीं कर�गे)
- Polity: Rights issues/Social Media/ Freedom of speech/Intolerance: Congress
leader Salman Khurshid’s latest book Sunrise over Ayodhya in which he equates
Hindutva groups with terror outfits Islamic State and Boko Haram of Nigeria.
Petition in Delhi HC to ban the book. But the Delhi High Court rejected & said,

“ � Nobody had asked them to read it. They could have shut their eyes and not
read it. Otherwise people who are very incensed with book should write their
own piece... Tell everybody that the book is badly authored, does not serve your
valuable time, read something better. �
Article 19(2) empowers the
government to place a reasonable restriction. The government has not placed
any restraint on the publication. �
A ban on book would lead to hardship for
the publishers and also curtail the right of speech and expression of the author.
An excerpt could not be read in isolation. (वाणी �तं त्रता का अ�धकार: सलमान ख़ुश�द क� नई
िकताब म� िहदं �
ु के �ख़लाफ़ कु छ आप��जनक िट��णयों के बारे म� िकताब पर प्र�तबं ध लगाने पर िद�ी
हाईकोटर् ने िकया मना �ोंक� - लोग अपनी आंख� बं द करके इस िकताब को न पढ़�। कोई ज़बरद�ी नहीं है।
यिद कोई भावुक हो गया है तो वो िकताब के �ख़लाफ़ अपना �ॉग आ�टकल िकताब भाषण �लखे लोगों को
बताया िक उ�ोंने ये िकताब �ों नहीं पढ़नी चािहए। अनु�चत 19 के वाणी �ातं � पर सरकार जनिहत म�
प्र�तबं ध लगा सकती है िक�ु सरकार ने इस िकताब को प्र�तबं �धत नहीं िकया है। �ँ अगर िकताब को प्र�तबं �धत
िकया जाए तो प्रकाशक को आ�थक नुक़सान भी होगा।)
- Polity- Right to mother tongue: Punjab Learning of Punjabi and Other
Languages Act, 2008 by the state government for learning of Punjabi as a
compulsory subject by students studying in classes 1 to 10, ELSE ₹2 lakh rupees
fine on the school (पं जाब के �ू लों म� क�ा १-१० तक पं जाबी मातृभाषा अ�नवायर् �प से नहीं पढ़ाई गई
तो �ू लों को दो लाख �पया का जुमार्ना होगा)

- Polity: reservation in private sector jobs- 1) HARYANA GOVERNMENT

notified 75 per cent reservation for locals in private sector jobs offering a
monthly salary of less than Rs 30,000, with effect from January 2022. 2)
Karnataka and Maharashtra also planning similar laws. �
freedom of
profession, right to move and reside anywhere in India. �
Company cannot
hire the best talented person due to such domiciled requirement. �

politicisation of the migrant issue instead of creating jobs for the youth. �

Nobel 2021 for Economics: immigrants donot depress wages for native-born
workers. He found that incomes of the native-born can benefit from new
immigration due to demand for goods and services by the immigrants. 30,000 से
कम तन�ाह वाली नौक�रयों म� �ानीय लोगों को ७५% आर�ण का ह�रयाणा सरकार का क़ानून �जसके �वप�
म� कु छ कर िदए गए ह�। �ोंिक ये भारतीयों के रोज़गार और �ानांतर के मौ�लक अ�धकारों के �ख़लाफ़ है और
2०21 के नोबेल पा�रतो�षक �वजेता अथर्शा��यों ने भी सा�बत िकया है िक प्रवासी मज़दू रों से �ानीय लोगों को
भी फ़ायदा होता है
POLITY � → E-GOV

- GPSC: E-SARKAR APP LAUNCHED ON PILOT BASIS by Gujarat

governmentto make administrative works paperless, quick and easy for citizen.
POLITY � → ELECTION
- Polity: Election populism- Arvind Kejriwal that if voted to power, AAP will
transfer Rs 1,000 per month to the account of every woman in Punjab aged 18 or
above, an estimated 1 crore women would translate into Rs 12,000 crore per
year. Argue search populism is not financially sustainable because outstanding
debt of Punjab is near 6 lakh crore. Besides, all Punjabi woman not so poor
requiring Rs.1000. (चुनावी लोक लुभावन म� पं जाब िक मिहलाओं को एक एक हज़ार �पये िदए जाएं गे
जो िक �व�ीय �प से �ावहा�रक नहीं है. �ोंिक पं जाब रा� सरकार पहले ही क़रीब छह लाख करोड़ �पये के
कज़र् म� डू बी है)
- Polity: Election-Referendum. SWITZERLAND legalised same-sex couples after
Swiss voters expressed in a referendum. Previously Referendums 1) BREXIT 2)
CATALONIA-Spain. (��ट्ज़रल�ड म� जनमत सं ग्रह द्वारा समल��गक �ववाह को मं ज़ूरी)
- Polity: Remote voting for migrant workers- Presently a citizen can vote only in
the constituency where he is registered as voter. Police/army/IFS et cetera maybe
given postal ballot because they are posted away from their constituency. Chief
Election Commissioner said that concept of remote voting will be done by the
2024 elections i.e. migrant worker can vote remotely away from his home town
constituency. EC & IIT-Madras doing trials using Blockchain technology & a
prototype EVM machine. (प्रवासी मज़दू रों के �लए �रमोट वोिटंग/ दू र�ान से मतदान के परी�ण
चुनाव आयोग द्वारा िकए जा रहे ह�)
- election- Religious identity over caste identities: where is political parties have
realised that it is difficult to win election merely with caste equations like
AJGAR- Ahirs, Jats, Gurjars and Rajputs or KHAM - Kshatriya, Harijan, Adivasi
and Muslim. So they have started to draw the circle wider bye expanding core
voter base on “Hindu Identity” e.g. Congress Leader Rahul Gandhi visiting
temples, AAP leader Arvind Kejriwal announcing subsidy for senior citizen on

Ayodhya pilgrimage (�वप� को लग रहा है िक जा�तगत समीकरणों के उपयोग मात्र से चुनाव जीतना
मु��ल इस�लए अपना चुनावी आधार बढ़ाने के �लए वह िहंद�
ु के बडे आकार के छतरी तले अपनी जा�त
आधा�रत वोटरों को लाना चाहते ह�। उदाहरण के �प म� रा�ल गांधी क� मं िदर यात्रा और अर�व� के जरीवाल का
अयो�ा यात्रा के �लए स��डी घोषणा करना )
- Polity/Election-Defection: Tripura State government passed a rule that an
MLA must serve minimum five years before he is eligible for the Rs 34,500
pension. Otherwise many MLA defect from one party to another in a few
months/ resign/by-election and continue to put burden on the public finance.
(�वधायक यिद पाँच साल पूरे नहीं करता तो उसे प�शन नहीं �मलेगी �त्रपुरा म�। प� पलटू �वधायकों को भी सबक़
�सखाने क� तरक�ब)
POLITY � → EXECUTIVE
- Polity: comparing constitutions: Executive-US PRESIDENT Joe Biden will
undergoes a “routine colonoscopy” surgery. So, he’ll briefly transfer power to
Vice President Kamala Harris . Harris, the first woman, person of colour and
person of Indian descent will be serving as acting president of USA. �
Points to
Reflect: did similar thing happened In Indian polity? Search Laxmikanth!
(अमरीक� रा�प� �त जो �बडेन क� मेिडकल सजर्री के दौरान उपरा�प� �त कमला है�रस कायर्कारी रा�प� �त क�
भू�मका �नभाएं गी)
- Polity: Delhi Special Police Establishment (DSPE) Act and The Central
Vigilance Commission (CVC) Act have been amended. BEFORE: Directors of
CBI and enforcement directorate had a term limit of two years. AFTER: 2 years
ki 2 terms + 1 year extra may be given = upto 5 years. �
1) opposition parties
are going by government has enacted in ordinance when Parliament is soon to
convene. 2) longer tenure for “Yes-man” type of directors… who may be used
by ruling party against opposition leaders. अ�ादेश द्वारा CBI और प्रवतर्न �नदेशालय के
डायरे�र-का कायर्काल पाँच साल तक बढ़ाया गया.
- Polity-Governance: President of India has advised that GOVERNORS MUST
cut down on visits to their home and spend more time visiting Raj Bhavans of
other states to ensure best practices are shared among them. (रा�पाल/गवनर्र अपने

गृह रा�ों क� मुलाक़ात पर जाते ह� तो उ�ोंने दू सरे गवनर्र क� भी शुभे�ा मुलाक़ात लेनी चािहए और एक दू सरे
क� अ�� प्रशास�नक अनुभवो को साझा करना चािहए)
- GSM2 Polity: comparing Constitution- Chinese President had two years term
limit but 2018: Xi JinPing removed term limit. Latest meeting of the Communist
party he is likely to get third term reappointment. Communist party also release
the declaration stating that he is the third most giant leader after Mao and Deng
(हालाँिक चीन म� रा��प�त का कायर्काल दो बार तक सी�मत था लेिकन शी �जन�पगं ने उस बाधा को हटा िदया था
और अब वे तीसरी बार भी रा��प�त बन�गे)
POLITY � → FEDERALISM
- Polity: Federalism- Uttar Pradesh Reorganisation Act 2000→Uttarakhand was

formed on November 9, 2000. This was soon followed by disputes over assets
and liabilities, mainly of the irrigation, transport, housing, forest, food & civil
supplies and tourism departments. e.g. Tehri Dam, Nanak Sagar Dam, Baigul
Dam, Tumaria Dam (out of six dams located in Uttarakhand and controlled by
UP) and Haridwar’s Alaknanda Guest House (controlled by UP Tourism, and
now being handed over to Uttarakhand). 2021- New agreement between the new
state government to sort the issue. What exactly is the outcome of this
agreement? Ans. we need not prepared unless you are from the either state and
preparing for UPSC interview. वषर् 2000 म� जब उ�र प्रदेश से उ�राखं ड का �वभाजन �आ तो
ं ाई यातायात मकान जं गल के पयर्टन इ�ािद के सरकारी सं प��यों का बँ टवारा होना था �जसम� अभी भी कु छ
�सच
�ववाद जा रही है। इसे �नपटाने के �लए 2021 म� एक और सं �ध/समजोता िकया है
- Polity: legislature- 2020: ANDHRA Pradesh state laws for the development of
three capitals — Amaravati (legislative), Visakhapatnam (executive) and

Kurnool (judicial)- instead of proceeding with the previous TDP regime's plan
to develop the current capital of Amaravati. 2021: CM YSR repealed those laws,
which promised to come up with something more comprehensive. (�पछले साल आँध्र
प्रदेश म� कु छ ऐसा क़ानून बना था क� तीन अलग अलग राजधा�नयाँ बढ़ायी जाएं गी हालाँिक इस वषर् वापस
मु�मं त्री ने क़ानून रद्द कर िदया। क� िकसी बेहतर प्र�ाव के साथ हम वापस आएँ गे शायद सरकार के पास इतना
पैसा नहीं / प्रायो�गक �प से ये �ावहा�रक नहीं था क� तीन जगह पर राजधानी बनायी जा सके । )
- Federalism / Border Management: WEST Bengal Assembly on passed a
resolution opposing the decision of the Home Ministry to expand the
jurisdiction of the BSF on the India-Bangladesh border from 15 km to 50 km.
Further, MLA Udayan Guha alleged that “BSF personnel, in the name of
checking, used to search private parts in front of their children. You cannot
expect that those children will chant ‘Bharat Mata Ki Jai’ or they will be
patriotic.” However, BSF defended, “The BSF is a professional force that has
always performed the mandated duties by adhering to the rules and regulations.
BSF Mahila Praharis are the ones who do frisking of women.” The MLA's
allegations are utterly baseless. (प��म बं गाल रा� �वधानसभा म� प्र�ाव पा�रत िकया है क� द्र
सरकार के इस फ़ै सले के �ख़लाफ़, क� �जसम� सीमा सुर�ा बल का क् अ�धकार �ेत्र भारत बां�ादेश सीमा ने 15
िकलोमीटर से बढ़ाकर 50 िकलोमीटर िकया गया है।)
- Federalism: CENTRE planning for creating the National Interlinking of Rivers
Authority (NIRA), an independent autonomous body for planning,
investigation, financing and the implementation of the river interlinking projects
in the country. It is to be headed by a Government of India Secretaryrank officer,
will replace the existing National Water Development Agency (NWDA) and will
function as an umbrella body for all river linking projects. (निदयों को एक दू सरे के साथ
जोड़ने के �लए रा�ी� य प्रा�धकरण बनाने के �लए सरकार सोच रही है)
- Federalism: SOUTHERN ZONAL COUNCIL meeting of the Council,
comprising Andhra Pradesh, Tamil Nadu, Karnataka, Kerala, Telangana,
Puducherry, Lakshadweep, and Andaman and Nicobar Islands. Headed by
Home Ministry.

- Polity: Combative federalism →General consent for CBI. �

National
Investigation Agency (NIA), which is governed by The NIA Act, 2008, has
jurisdiction across the country. But the CBI is governed by The Delhi Special
Police Establishment (DSPE) Act, 1946, and must mandatorily obtain the
consent of the state government concerned before beginning to investigate a
crime in a state. The consent of the state government can be either case-specific
or general. �
“general consent” is normally given by states to help the CBI in
seamless investigation of cases of corruption against central government
employees in their states. Almost all states have traditionally given such consent.
�But Eight states have currently withdrawn consent to the CBI: Maharashtra,
Punjab, Rajasthan, West Bengal, Jharkhand, Chhattisgarh, Kerala, and Mizoram.
� So, CBI will not be able to register any fresh case involving officials of the
central government or a private person in the state without the consent of the
state government. “CBI officers will lose all powers of a police officer as soon as
they enter the state unless the state government has allowed them. �
Way
Forward: 1) if somehow CBI can prove that case is connected with Delhi, then it
can go to West Bengal to arrest a person. 2) Union government could amend the
law. (झगडालू सं घवाद- �बना रा� सरकार क� अनुम�त के CBI ने िकसी रा� म� लोगों के �ख़लाफ़ भ्र�ाचार
के मामलों म� कारर्वाई नहीं कर सकती। कु छ ग़ैर BJP रा�ों ने इस प्रकार क� अनुम�त बं द कर दी है- ऐसे ही
आरोप लगाकर क� भाजपा द्वारा CBI का राजनी�तक द�ु पयोग हो रहा है)
- Separation of powers/ Interstate boundary disputes: Both Andhra and Odisha
government claimed ownership of Kotia region. 2006: Supreme Court held that
inter-state boundaries did not fall within its jurisdiction and only Parliament
could resolve them. But there has been no resolution since. 2021: Supreme Court
ordered both the states to resolve the matter by themselves. Separately, Assam-
Mizoram police firing & Deaths. �
Points to Reflect: Parliament should
proactively fix this problems. (दो रा�ों के बीच सीमा �ववाद का हल के वल सं सद कर सकती है
सुप्रीम कोटर् नहीं ऐसा सुप्रीम कोटर् का बोलना है)

POLITY � → JUDICIARY
o Polity: comparing constitutions (GSM2): 3 senior female judges resign over
low pay and political interference. �
Points to Reflect: in India we do not
find such negative news because judges are paid adequately and protected
constitutionally from political interference. कम तन�ाह और राजनी�तक दबाव से
परेशान होकर लेबनान म� तीन मिहला जजों ने इ�ीफ़ा िदया भारत म� हमेशा नहीं पाते �ोंिक सं वैधा�नक �प
से जजों को सुर�ा दी जाती है
o � � � � � Detention curtailment of liberty, says Tripura judge;
journalists get bail (राजद्रोह के मामले म� सुप्रीम कोटर् के फै सलों का पहले से हम काफ़� माल बटोर हो
चुके ह�)
o � � � � � SC must intervene, says petitioner behind reforms in
selection of CBI chief. वह तो पहले सुप्रीम कोटर् को बोलने दो
o Polity-Judicial Delay1: 1997 Uphaar theatre fire tragedy killed 59 in
audience→2021: nearly 25 years later the owner Bansal brothers get 7 year
jail. Reasons 1) Proper legal framework missing for fixing dual liability in
such manmade disasters— in civil law by granting compensation to victims
and in criminal law by ensuring the guilty are punished appropriately. 2)
tempering with the evidences by the rich person to derail the process. �ा�यक
�वलं ब- �सनेमा घर म� आग लगे तो पीिड़त को दीवानी मुआवज़ा और अपराधी को फौजदारी सज़ा �मलनी
चािहए इस बारे म� क़ानूनी ढांचा कमज़ोर है और अमीर लोग सबूतों से छे ड़-छाड़ करते ह�
o Polity-Judicial Delay2: 1971: Sasadhar Biswas borrowed Rs 3,000 from Rama
Devi. But he didn’t repay the loan. 2021: SC delivered verdict after 50 years!
Because Sasadhar Biswas Loopholes in Civil Procedure Code 1908 to
continue status quo by filing appeals against every verdict to auction his land,
illegally constructing a house on the land etc. �
Points to Reflect: 1) justice
hurried is justice buried 2) justice delayed is justice denied. 3) filling up the
vacancies of the judges alone will not solve the problem as long as civil
procedure code is amended to discourage such loopholes/delays. उधारी म� िदए
गए 3000 �पये लौटाने के के स म� पचास साल बाद सुप्रीम कोटर् ने फ़ै सला सुनाया है। तो �ादा �ायाधीशों

क� भत� इस सम�ा का समाधान नहीं जब तक क़ानून म� ही इस प्रकार क� छे दों को बं द िकया जाए �जससे
वक़�ल बार बार मामले क� अपील म� जाते रहते ह�
o HC Judges “Punishment” transfer: Article 222 of the Constitution makes
provision for the transfer of a Judge (including Chief Justice) from one High
Court to any other High Court. But, as per SC judgements- No transfer order
can be issued by the President without the advice of the chief justice of India.
So Supreme Court collegium decides the selection/transfer matters of HC
Judges. Controversy- Madras High Court has total 75 judges and Meghalaya
High Court has four judges. So, when a judge of Madras High Court is
transferred to Meghalaya High Court, some persons, consider it as a
punishment posting to a less significant HC. �
Controversy: 2019- Madras
HC Justice Tahilramani was transferred to Meghalaya then she resigned.
2021: Justice Sanjib Banerjee, Chief Justice, Madras HC, to Meghalaya HC.
He was in news because of certain judgements - 1) against govt’s social media
intermediary guidelines 2) against Puducherry BJP accessed voters’ phone
numbers linked to their Aadhaar cards. 3) Against EC officials must be
“booked for murder” for organising polls in Corona wave 2.0- SC observed
that HCs must be cautious in censuring officials. �
Points to Reflect: 1)
some judges argue that no High Court is inferior and therefore there is no
punishment posting, a judge must be ready to serve anywhere in the country!
If everyone refuses to serve in Meghalaya then how will Meghalaya High
Court work!? 2) since the process to remove/dismiss a judge is very lengthy
and cumbersome, so sometimes SC collegium resort to transfer the person.
(सजा के �प म� हाईकोटर् के जज का तबादला)
o all India judicial services: Under the Constitution, the power to make
appointments to the lower judiciary vests with the states. Currently, states
conduct their own exams based on vacancies. AIJS was first mooted in the
1950s - All India recruitment exam for lower judges similar to IAS/IPS. Later
Supreme Court also justified the demand for it but �
1) language barriers if

South Indian person appointed in the lower judiciary of Hindi belt?→

counter argument even IAS/IPS required to learn the local language so judges
can also do it. 2) West Bengal, Kerala, Andhra Pradesh and Uttarakhand
opposed AIJS fearing dilution of the federal structure (IAS और IPS क� तज़र् पर ही
अ�खल भारतीय �ा�यक सेवा क� परी�ा �ँ और उसे �नचली अदालतों के जजों क� भत� हो इस प्रकार का
सुझाव50 से चल ही रहा है और सुप्रीम कोटर् ने भी इस पर सकारा�क राय दी है िक�ु कु छ आलोचक मानते
ह� िक ऐसा करने पर भाषा क� किठनता हो सकती है जैसे िक द��ण भारतीय जज को उ�र भारत म� �नयु��
दी जाए िक�ु अगर IAS IPS अफ़सर �ा�नक भाषा सीख सकते ह� तो ये जज भी �सख सकते हे। प��म
बं गाल जैसे कु छ रा�ों को इसम� सं घवाद कमज़ोर होने क� डर लगता है �ोंिक �नचली अदालतों म� जजों क�
�नयु�� रा� के अ�धकार �ेत्र म�)
o MADRAS High Court on quashed the 10.5 per cent special internal
reservation provided by the Tamil Nadu government for Vanniyars, a most
backward caste (MBC) community, stating that it is ultra vires to the
Constitution because 1) no quantifiable data on on population, socio-
educational status given. 2) In most of the Districts in the state of Tamil
Nadu, the Vanniyar community population is very less. So, if 10.5%
reservation is given to the Vanniyar caste all over the state, they would
automatically get selected in the educational institutions or in the
government employments without there being any competition 3)
Candidates of other MBCs would find it difficult to get admission in the
Educational Institutions and in the Government employment for the reason
that their reservation would be decreased from 20% to 9.5% (त�मलनाडु रा�
सरकार ने अ�त �पछड़ी जा�तयों म� से एक वनीयार समुदाय को अग़ल से साढ़े 10% आर�ण िदया था �जसे
मद्रास हाईकोटर् ने रद िकया हे �ोंिक इस समुदाय के �पछड़ेपन के बारे म� कोई मात्रा�क डेटा सरकार ने पेश
नहीं िकया था �ादातर �ज़लों म� इनक� आबादी ब�त कम है तो यिद अलग से आर�ण िदया जाए तो �बना
कोई ख़ास �धार् के इनके सभी उ�ीदवारों को एड�मशन और सरकारी नौक�रयां �मल जाएगी �जससे िक
अ� उ�ीदवारों को अ�ाय होगा।
o SUPREME Court on set aside the Calcutta High Court order imposing a total
ban on use of firecrackers during festivals such as Kali Puja, Diwali, Chhath

Puja, Jagadhatri Puja, Gurpurab, Christmas Eve and New Year’s Eve this
year, terming it an “extreme order”. (कलक�ा हाईकोटर् ने सभी प्रकार के उ�व म� पटाखे
जलाने पर स�ूणर् �प से प्र�तबं ध डाल िदया �जसको सुप्रीम कोटर् ने हटा िदया है �ोंिक ये एक “चरम
आदेश” है)
POLITY � → LEGISLATURE
o Constitution Day, also known as Samvidhan Diwas celebrated on 26

November to commemorate the adoption of the Constitution of India by the
Constituent Assembly in 1949. The observation of Constitution Day started
in 2015, President of India organised an event in Parliament but Cong, TMC
in Opp boycott of Constitution Day event. (26 नवं बर को सं �वधान िदवस के �प म� मनाया
जाता है )
o Polity-Legislature / Combative federalism: Electricity is a concurrent subject
under the Constitution. 47% of electricity transmission through State
government on electricity distribution companies (DISCOM), but their
suffering from losses / bad loans because of the theft, populism, subsidies. 2)
Union government to amend IBC code so that NPA cases of State-owned
DISCOMs can also be handled via IBC Code which will effectively result in
some private investor taking over the company through resolution or
auction. � 1) Combatative federalism by Punjab, W.Bengal Government
�2) even private sector companies may not be interested in taking over the
State-govt-discomms especially in the rural backward regions because
profitability ⏬, electricity theft⏫. � previous issues in combative
federalism : NEET, GST, BSF boundary jurisdiction, RERA Law, Farm laws,
electricity. �बजली सं �वधान म� समवत� सूची म� है। रा� सरकार क� मा�लक� क� �बजली कं प�नयां
नुक़सान म� चलती है कज़र् म� डू ब रही है - लोक लुभावन के चलते और �बजली चोरी पर स�ी न िदखाने के
कारण। िदवा�लयापन और शोधन अ�मता क़ानून के अंतगर्त ऐसे ही �बजली कं प�नयों का भी �नपटान हो
सके यानी क� �नजी �नवेशक उसे ख़रीद ल� ऐसा क़ानूनी सं शोधन क� द्र सरकार लाने जा rhi ह�

o Polity: comparing constitutions (GSM2): On average a constitution survives

for around 17 years. France with 14 constitutions, Mexico at 5 constitutions
and neighbouring Pakistan with 3 constitutions where elected over a period
of time. Exception: America’s constitution which is 234 years old. Indian
Constitution: 72 years. सामा� �प से सं �वधान 17 साल मे बदल िदया जाता है। फ़्रा� म� अब तक
14 बार सं �वधान बदला जा चुका है। हालाँिक अमरीक� सं �वधान 200 साल से �ादा �ज़दं ा है और भारतीय
सं �वधान 70 साल से �ादा �ज़दं ा है जो अपने आप म� एक उपल�� है
o Polity-Legislature: ⏬debates: 2020-Sept: three farm bills were passed
without debate. 2021-Nov: they are repealed/removed without debate in
parliament. तीन िकसान �बल �बना चचार् के सं सद म� पास भी �ए थे और अब �बना चचार् के रद भी हो
गए
o Polity-Legislature: RULE 256 from Rules of Procedure and Conduct of
Business in Rajya Sabha to suspend 12 MP for winter session. Reason? In
August-2021 monsoon session they had disrupted the house and assaulted
Marshals. � Lok Sabha rulebook updated in 1989- members should not
shout slogans, display placards, tear up documents in protest, and play a
cassette or a tape recorder in the House. Rajya Sabha has similar rules. �
2)
In 2001, the Lok Sabha rule 374 Added to empower Speaker to automatically
suspend an MP for a maximum of five days for disrupting the business. �

3) Parliamentary Affairs Minister can move a motion for suspending the
offending MP from the service of the House. The suspension can last until
the end of the session. 4) 5) 1963: First time MP suspended for interrupting
President Sarvapalli Radhakrishnan’s joint address to both Houses.
�Points to Reflect: 1) In most cases, disorders in the House arise out of a
sense of frustration felt by members due to lack of opportunities to make his
point, or clear his chest of grievances of the people that move him or out of
the heat of the moment. They are perhaps easier to deal with. But 2) planned
parliamentary offences and deliberate disturbances for publicity or for
political motives are difficult to control. भारतीय सं सद म� सांसदों के आचरण के �लए

रा�सभा और लोकसभा ने �नयम बनाए ह� इसके अंतगर्त सभाप�त सांसद को बदसुलूक� के �लए एक सत्र
तक �नलं �बत कर सकता है- नारेबाज़ी करता, बैनर िदखाना, काग़ज़ फाड़ देना, कै सेट बजाना इ�ािद। 60 के
दशक म� रा�प� �त सवर्प�ी राधाकृ �न क� भाषण के दौरान हंगामा करने के �लए सबसे पहली बार लोक
सभा के सांसदों को �नलं �बत िकया गया था। 2021 अग� महीने म� �वप� के बारह सांसदों ने रा�सभा म�
मास�लो के साथ मारपीट और बदतमीज़ी क� थी। उ�� ने शीत सत्र के दौरान स��ड/�नल��त िकया गया है
o Polity: comparing Constitution- Republic: in the colonial times, British

colonialists shipped captured African slaves to work the BARBADOS island’s
sugarcane. Till Now, Barbados accepted Britain’s Queen Elizabeth as its head
of state- just like Canada, Australia, Newzealand. (constitutional monarchy).
2021-Nov: Barbados declares its self constitutional republic. Meaning
Britain’s Queen Elizabeth removed as its head of state. President-elect Sandra
Mason is set for its first woman president. In future, other countries in the
Caribbean, particularly Jamaica, could be heading towards becoming
republics. (बारबाडोस नामक एक द्वीप देश म� अभी तक सं वैधा�नक राजतं त्र /राजाशाही थी। यानी देश
के मु�खया क� भू�मका म� �ब्रिटश महारानी ए�लज़ाबेथ थी- जैसा िक कनाडा ऑ��े�लया �ूज़ील�ड जैसे देशों म�

है। हालाँिक 2021 म� उ�ोंने बारबाडोस देश ने ख़ुद को �रप��क/ गणतं त्र प्रजातं त्र घो�षत िकया है यानी िक
रानी गई। उसक� जगह चुनी �ई मिहला रा��प�त होंगी)
o Polity: WINTER SESSION 2021-Nov: 26 BILLS TO BE INTRODUCED for
1) Cryptocurrency 2) Electricity (Amendment) Bill 3) Tenure extension for
CBI,ED then Assisted Reproductive Technology Regulation Bill, 2020
(Surrogacy Bill) and the Maintenance and Welfare of Parents and Senior
Citizens (Amendment) Bill, the banking amendment Bill and the IBC
amendment Bill. � � � � � SELF-PHD NOT REQUIRED. सं सद के शीत
सत्र म� सरकार अलग अलग �वधेयक पेश करने वाली है अगर हाँ तो उनको पेश होने दो। न तो अपनी
prelim परी�ा कल सुबह और न ही अपनी मु� परी�ा कल सुबह।
o Polity: legalisation of Sports Betting. International Cricket Council’s (ICC)
Anti-Corruption Unit (ACU) says India is hotspot for fixing because of an
illegal cricket batting so it should be legalised. Incidentally, in 2018, the Law
Commission of India had recommended legalising sports betting with proper
regulation e.g. Poor person should not be allowed to bet. 2) already in the
name of fantasy cricket Apps lot of unregulated betting is happening.
Government is losing tax revenue. �
Counter: 1) Tax revenue ke liye narco
and prostitution bhi legalise krdo! Will Gandhiji approve? 2) even if poor
person not allowed to directly bet they may routed through a middleman like
Ponzi scheme, and loose lifetime savings. 3) even in the countries were
batting is legalised, there are fixing in tennis and football matches. (िक्रके ट मैच
पर सट्टा लगाने को क़ानूनन वे�ता दी जाए तो मैच िफ��गं का दू षण कम हो सकता है ऐसी चचार्।)
o Polity: Legislature- How to Repeal a law? 1) SC can do it, if it is violating the
fundamental right. 2) Parliament can connect along with built-in
deadline/sunset clause e.g. For example, the Terrorist and Disruptive
Activities (Prevention) Act 1987, commonly known as TADA, had a sunset
clause, and was allowed to lapse in 1995. 3) Article 245 of the Constitution
gives Parliament the power to make laws. So, Parliament draws its power to
repeal a law from the same provision. 4) executive can repeal thru ordinance.

If an ordinance is used, it would need to be replaced by a law passed by

Parliament within six months. If the ordinance lapses because it is not
approved by Parliament, the repealed law can be revived. िकसी क़ानून को �नर� रद्द
करने के �व�भ� तरीक़े : सव�� ायालय ऐसा कर सकता है यिद मौ�लक अ�धकारों का हनन हो रहा हो।
क़ानून म� ख़ुद ही एक अं�तम �त�थ डाली गयी �ँ उसके बाद वो क़ानून समा� हो जाए जैसे टाडा क़ानून म�
�आ था। सं सद ख़ुद भी क़ानून रद्द कर सकती है। सरकार भी अ�ादेश द्वारा क़ानून को रद्द करवा सकता है
हालाँिक बाद म� छह महीनों के भीतर ही सं सद म� वो �नणर्य को पास करवाना होगा वरना मरा �आ क़ानून
वापस जी�वत हो जाएगा।
o Polity: Legislature- “One Nation One Legislative Platform’ - PM Modi
proposed this online platform where MP/MLA’s current and old debates
PDF files, bills-laws, committee reports etc other resources at one web portal
by 2022. �
MP/MLA can easily search it for getting a reference material for
future debate �
Reference material for researchers, PhD scholars, historian
etc. This announcement was made at All India Presiding Officers’
Conference (AIPOC) on its centenary year at an event held in Shimla. (एक रा��
एक �वधा�यका मं च- जहाँ पर सांसद �वधायकों क� पुरानी भाषण, क़ानून, �वधेयक, सं सदीय स�म�तयों क�
�रपोटर् इ�ािद एक ही जगह पर �मल जाए तािक भ�व� क� चचार् �ई है सांसद इ�तहासकार इ�ािद म� उनका
सं दभर् ले सके ।)
o Polity-Legislature: RS Secretary General is appointed by the Chairman, Rajya
Sabha from amongst those who have made their mark by long years of
service in the Parliament or State Legislatures or the Civil Service. Usual
practice is to appoint a law expert. �
existing secretary general Replaced
within 2 months by an Ex-IRS officer who is accused of being pro-BJP. (रा�
सभा के महास�चव दो महीने म� बदल कर एक भूतपूवर् IRS अफ़सर को �नयु� िकया गया उस पर �ववाद
चल रहा है)
POLITY � → PRESSURE-GROUPS

- Polity: Pressure groups- NSA Ajit Doval’s arguments that civil society as new
frontier of warfare because the enemy states cannot afford conventional war. E.g.
Farmer protests, CAA protests. �
Counter arguments 1) this undermines
constitutional idea of citizenship. 2) Wrong to argue that the only legitimacy in
democracy is vested in the elected government and the laws it passes. (शत्रु रा��
�स�वल सोसायटी द्वारा युद्ध खेल रहे ह� ऐसे अजीत डोवाल क� बयान पर आलोचना वाले कोलम क� सरकार के
�ख़लाफ़ कोई �लखे/बोले तो वह राजद्रोही है ऐसा मानना ग़लत)
- Governance/ pressure groups: NSA Doval Speech: new frontier of war or
fourth generation warfare is civil society” since conventional wars have ceased to
become an effective instrument for achieving political or military objectives
because conventional wars tend to be very expensive. When the civil society that
can be subverted, suborned, that can be divided, that can be manipulated to hurt
the interest of a nation। (�स�वल सोसाइटी, पयार्वरण िकसान के नाग�रक अ�धकार इ�ािद के
दबावसमूह ही युद्ध नी�त क� चौथी पीढ़ी है। �ोंिक पारंप�रक युद्ध ब�त ही महँ गा होता है इस�लए आज कल शत्रु
देश �स�वल सोसायटी के मा�म से माहौल �बगाड़ने क� को�शश कर रहे ह�। CAA/Farm Law protest म�
िहसं ा �ा इस तरफ़ इशारा कर रही है? )
- Polity/Role of Pressure groups: Madhya Pradesh Public and Private Property
Damage Resolution and Recovery Bill, 2021: will allow the administration to
recover upto twice the cost of damages caused to public and private property by
an individual or a group during communal riots, protests and rallies. Uttar
Pradesh & Haryana also have similar laws. �Points to Reflect: socho, how
much nuisance would have been going on in the name of protests, that state
governments are forced to enact such law! It shows that pressure groups in
North India are routinely engaging in violence/destruction to get their demands.

(उ�र प्रदेश और ह�रयाणा के बाद अब म� प्रदेश सरकार भी ऐसा क़ानून बनाने जा रही है िक आंदोलनका�रयों
ने जो सावर्ज�नक या �नजी सं प�� का नुक़सान िकया �ँ उसका दोगुना जुमार्ना माना वसूला जाएगा। यिद उ�र
भारत म� एक के बाद एक रा� सरकार� ऐसे क़ानून बना रही है तो वो दशार्ता है िक दबाव समूहों िहसं ा और
तोड़फोड़ को अपनी बात मनवाने का एक साधन के �प म� इ�ेमाल कर रहे ह�।)
POLITY � → SECULARISM, SOCIAL MEDIA �
- Polity: secularism electoral populism: AAP CHIEF Arvind Kejriwal Sunday

promised a free pilgrimage scheme for people from different communities in
Uttarakhand if his party comes to power in next year’s Assembly elections.
Under the free pilgrimage scheme, Hindus will be sent to Ayodhya, Muslims to
Ajmer Sharif and the Sikhs to Kartarpur Sahib �Points to Reflect: previously
Supreme Court had abolished the Haj Subsidy. Highcourts too have abolished
reservation for some castes. So even though politician may know that it may get
removed by the judiciary but the politicians announce it for the sake of
populism. (धमर्�नरपे�ता और चुनावी लोकलुभावन- के जरीवाल ने बयान िदया िक अगर उ�राखं ड म� उनक�
सरकार बनती है तो िहदं ू मु��म और �सख लोगों को तीथर् यात्रा के �लए स��डी दी जाएगी, हालािक पहेले ही
सुप्रीम कोटर् हज यात्रा के �लए मु��मों को दी जाने वाली स��डी बं द करवाँ चुका है। इन नेताओं को यह सब
पता होता है क� हम जो आर�ण या धा�मक स��डी दे रही है उसे �ायपा�लका शायद हटवा िदए लेिकन िफर
भी लोक लुभावन के �लए वैसा करते ह� )
- Secularism: Comparing Constitution: Bangladesh-1979 General Zia-ur-
Rehman got the constitution amended in to remove the word “secularism”. His
Successor General Ershad declared Islam as the “state religion” in Bangladesh.
2011: Sheikh Hasina restored “secularism” in the constitution. Because of so
many decades of radicalisation certain groups have become very strong. Present
crisis of destruction of Hindu temples. (बां�ादेश के सं �वधान म� एक धमर्�नरपे� श� हटाया
गया था िफर वापस लाया भी गया था)
- GSM2-IR/Polity: religion versus the state When a state cedes its authority to
religious forces then it is difficult to regain the authority back. Because giving too

much space to religious or other extra-constitutional forces inevitably weakens

the state. There is no end to accommodating such forces. Each concession
compels the next demand. The power of religious groups undermines the much
needed social and economic modernisation that most developing societies badly
need. It also complicates the state’s pursuit of its national interests on the global
stage. 2015: Tehreek-eLabbaik Pakistan (TLP) party founded by Islamic groups
following Barelvi sect. Their ideology is the protection of the Prophet’s honour
and a vigorous defence of Pakistan's controversial blasphemy laws. 2) TLP was
mobilised to weaken the Nawaz Sharif government in 2017. The then opposition
leader Imran Khan actively supported the TLP’s protests against Sharif. 3) Now
same group TLP organising protests against Prime Minister Imran Khan firing
submachineguns against police man and demanding expulsion of French
ambassador over the cartoon controversy. 4) Imran cannot accept the demand
because France is major donor to Pakistan and permanent member of the UN
Security Council. 5) Ultimately Imran forced to surrender to the demands of
TLP like releasing the imprisoned leaders, unfreezing their bank accounts etc.
(जब रा� या सरकार या राजनी�तक सं गठन धा�मक सं गठनों को बोहोत �ादा जगह/अवकाश/समथर्न देना
शु� करता है, उनक� हर छोटी छोटी बात को मानना तु�ीकरण करना शु� करता है तो रा� क� श�� ीण होती
है। पािक�ान म� कट्टरपं थी TLP �जसका पहले �वप� के नेता इमरान ख़ान ने नवाज़ शरीफ़ क� सरकार �गराने
के �लए काफ़� इ�ेमाल िकया अब वही TLP प्रधानमं त्री इमरान �वरोधी प्रदशर्न कर रहा है िक फ़्रा� के राजदू त
को पािक�ान से देश �नकाल िदया जाए �ोंिक फ़्रा� ने मोह�द पैगंबर के काटू र्न बनाकर अपमान हो रहा है।
ऐसे प्रदशर्न के दौरान आंदोलनका�रयों ने पािक�ानी पु�लसक�मयों पर मशीन गन से गो�लयां भी चलायी और
उ�� मार िदया। हालाँिक पािक�ान सरकार के �लए फ़्रा�ीसी राजदू त को देश�नकाल मु��ल �ोंिक फ़्रा� से
उ�� काफ़� आ�थक मदद �मलती है और फ़्रा� सं यु� रा�� सुर�ा प�रषद का �ायी सद� ह�। इस�लए अब T L
P िक आंदोलन को ख़� करने के �लए उनके नेताओं को जेल से छोड़ा जाएगा उनके ब�क खातों पर प्र�तबं ध
हटाया जाएगा इ�ािद।)
- Personal Data Protection Bill of 2019 aims to regulate the relationships roles
and responsibilities � A) DATA PRINCIPAL: The person to whom the data in
consideration belongs to. �
B) DATA PROCESSOR: A person, state, company

which processes data on behalf of someone else. e.g. Google, Paytm, Twitter,
Amazon, Facebook. The data could be of two types �
DATA PROTECTION
AUTHORITY: A regulatory body for the Act to deal between above players.
Data could be of two types �
I) PERSONAL DATA: Any data set that may
contain information that can reveal personal traits of a human being, and can be
used to single out the person. �
II) NON-PERSONAL DATA: Data sets which
do not contain any personal information and instead have information detailing
the larger trends such as the income group of a town, the average age, the male-
to female-population ratio, etc , �
Joint Parliamentary Committee (JPP) give
recommendations to add more provisions in it for 1) NON PERSONAL DATA
2) Children DATA 3) Social media companies 4) Data localisation norms. Etc.
� Criticism: Section 35- Union exempt from any agency from this law for
national and public interest. So misuse by intelligence agency for spying on
opposition leaders / manipulate the voter etc. �
� � � � Further it PhD
not important at this stage till the bill is presented in Parliament. (�नजी डेटा सुर�ा
�बल - जोिक डेटा के �ोत-�� और डेटा का प्रसं �रण कं पनी वाली कं प�नयों के �नयमन के �लए एक डेटा
सुर�ा प्रा�धकरण बढ़ाएगा और ��गत तथा और अ-��गत डेटा का �नयमन करेगा। सं सद क� सं यु�
स�म�त ने इस पर कु छ और �सफ़ा�रश� क� थी बाद म� ये �बल सं सद म� पेश होने वाला है)
INTERNATIONAL RELATION DIPLOMACY DEFENSE INTERNAL
SECURITY
IR � → BORDER SECURITY/NARCO/NAXAL ETC.
- IR/Defense: internal security: Naga Peace Accord talks are going on between
Union govt and National Socialist Council of Nagalim (IsakMuivah). 2015: they
had agreed for peaceful coexistence of the two sovereign powers. Because at that
time special status of Jammu and Kashmir existed — a state with a separate
constitution, a state flag and autonomy over internal administration. But 2019-
Article 370 removed. Therefore union government not interested in giving such

status to Nagaland separatist. So, Naga Peace talks are stalling. (2015 से भारत सरकार
नागा अलगाववािदयों से शां�त मं त्रणा कर रही है शु�आती समय म� ये कहा गया िक भारत सरकार और नागा
अलगाववािदयों दोनों क� सं प्रभुता का स�ान होगा- शायद उसी तरह जैसे ज�ू क�ीर म� अपना अलग सं �वधान
अलग �ज और �ाय�ता थी। हालाँिक 219 म� अनु�ेद थ्री70 हटाने के बाद भारत सरकार अब इस प्रकार
क� �रयायत� िकसी भी अलगाववादी समूहों या इलाक़े को नहीं देना चाहती इस�लए शां�त मं त्रणा �क गई है)
- IR/Defense: Army Encounters: 1) Supreme Court on encounters by Army-
“there is no concept of absolute immunity from trial by criminal court. Enquiry
should be conducted into every “encounter” killing in disturbed areas under
AFSPA Act. Before a person is branded a militant or a terrorist, “there must be
commission or some attempt or semblance of a violent overt act”. 2) “OGW”
(overground worker for militants) or “hybrid militant”- who provides
propaganda logistic support for the actual terrorist. - topics in news because of
some alleged encounter in At Hyderpora, JK सेना द्वारा एनकाउं टर म� आतं कवािदयों को मारने
के बारे म� सुप्रीम कोटर् का एक पुराना फ़ै सला िक िकसी को आतं कवादी �च��त करने से पहले ये ज़�री है िक
उसने िकसी प्रकार क� िहसं ा का प्रयास / आयोजन िकया हो। AFSPA क़ानून का मतलब ये नहीं िक उस
एनकाउं टर क� है जाँच हो ही ना पाए।
- GSM3/ Internal security/Money laundering: Madhya Pradesh Drug peddlers
use Amazon to transport marijuana. �
Points to Reflect: money-laundering
means you disguise the illegal income by showing it to have earned from Legal
sources. Amazon= Seller’s income earned from Amazon will not alert the
income tax authority because transactions pe automatically TDS, GST etc. �

But in reality the seller would send shipment of narco drugs in the name of
computer monitor, CPU cabinet etc. to the buyer. अपराधी एम�ज़ोन द्वारा नशीली पदाथ� क�
�बक्र� कर रहे ह� और धन शोधन कर रहे
- GSM3/Internal security: insurgent groups in Manipur: PEOPLE’S Liberation
Army (PLA), Manipur Naga People’s Front, UNLF, KCP, KYKL, PREPAK, etc.
All the groups operate out of Myanmar and raise funds largely through
extortion, narco trade. Their activity, however, has dwindled over the years, with
recruitment having stalled, and the groups facing pressure inside Myanmar.

2021-Nov: ambush of an Assam Rifles convoy in Manipur’s Churachandpur

district (bordering Myanmar). Colonel & family also killed in IED blast. For the
previous years this insurgent groups have been underground but now suddenly
attacked high-ranking officer. Perhaps trying to flex the muscles to arrange
funding from China/Pak. 2) �extortion business by fear mongering. (म�णपुर म�
उग्रवािदयों ने घात लगाकर हमला िकया। असम राइफ़ल के कनर्ल और प�रवार शहीद। �पछले कु छ वष� म� ये
उग्रवादी थोड़े सुषु� थे और उनका प्रभाव भी इलाक़े म� कम हो रहा था, लेिकन ऐसे बड़े हमारे द्वारा वे वापस डर
और उगाही का धं धा पुनज��वत करना चाहते ह�।)
- JAMMU and Kashmir administration created State Investigation Agency (SIA)
for handling cases pertaining to terrorism cases including The Unlawful
Activities (Prevention) Act, The Explosive Substances Act, the SAARC
Convention (Suppression of Terrorism) Act, Weapons of Mass Destruction and
their Delivery Systems (Prohibition of Unlawful Activities). (आतं क� मामले क� पूरी
छानबीन के �लए ज�ू क�ीर प्रशासन ने अलग SIA एज�सी बनायी है)
IR � → USA
- Diplomacy-Diaspora: H-1B visa is a non-immigrant visa that allows US
companies to employ foreign workers in specialty occupations that require
theoretical or technical expertise. The technology companies depend on it to
hire tens of thousands of employees each year from countries like India and
China. 2) H-4 visa is issued by the to immediate family members (spouse and
children under 21 years of age) of the H-1B visa holders. Reform: H4 Walle also
eligible for jobs without extra Clearance.
IR � → CHINA
- IR/Defense: Hegemon China vs USA: Xi JinPing misunderstanding that
Chinese hegemony & Belt-road ka money power Will result in other neighbours
meekly accepting everything. China’s aggressive regional policies are driving
many countries like Australia, India, Japan, the Philippines and Vietnam,
towards the USA. So,many new groups have formed- 1) Quadrilateral

framework involving Australia, India, Japan and the US 2) AUKUS, which

brings together Australia, the United Kingdom and the United States. B) China
had hoped that American president Biden will be more friendly to China than
Trump. But Biden actually trying to warm up with Russia, Europe, India to
counter China. � C) China has strong alliance with Pakistan, N.Korea. But
their nuisance power has declined in recent years, Pakistan struggling to repay
loans. Anti-Chinese sentiment growing within Pakistan. Pakistan is becoming a
liability. Compare to that America has more stronger allies like India, Japan,
S.Korea. � D) previously China could mobilise Anti-American sentiment in
Asian nations (e.g. Korean War, Vietnam War). But now in the name of
nationalist politics, sentiment is turning towards anti-China. �E) Chinese
Wolf Warrior diplomacy not helping its relationship with others. However this
is not to say America has the upper hand because America also has challenges 1)
China’s hard power — both economic and military — relative to the US is
growing rapidly and shifting the local balance of power in its favour. 2) if an
Asian country becomes more friendly with America then China puts economic
punishment 3) Vast imbalance in military power between China and its
neighbours it presumed would dissuade most Asian states from considering
armed confrontations with China. America needs to spend lot of money to
upgrade the defence capacity of the neighbours of China. चीन ने यह सोचा था िक वो
अपनी सेना और धनबल के चलते पड़ोसी देशों पर आ�धप� जमायेगा तो सब चुपचाप बदार्� कर ल�गे। लेिकन
वा�व म� उसके �वरोध ��प QUAD समूह बना ह�। चीन के �ख़लाफ़ अमरीक� रा��प�त र�शया और यूरोप से
�र�े बेहतर कर रहे ह�। एक ज़माने म� चीन पािक�ान और उ�र को�रया को काफ़� मदद करता था लेिकन ये
छोटे देश अब �ेत्रीय और वै��क राजनी�त म� अपनी अह�मयत खो चुके ह�। दू सरे �व� युद्ध के बाद को�रयाई युद्ध
और �वयतनाम युद्ध के दौरान चीनी नेता अ� ए�शयाई देशों म� अमरीक� उप�नवेशवाद के �ख़लाफ़ माहौल बना
सकती थी लेिकन अब तो �ानीय रा�व� ाद के चलते पड़ोसी देशों म� चीन के �ख़लाफ़ ही माहौल बन रहा है। चीनी
भेिड़या योद्धा कू टनी�त के चलते थे उसके िड�ोमैट राजदू त दू सरे देशों म� �मत्रता/सौहादर् खो रहे ह�। हालाँिक
इसका मतलब ये भी नहीं िक अमरीका का हाथ जीत क� तरफ़ है �ोंिक भौगो�लक �प से अमे�रका ए�शया से

काफ़� दू र है और �ानीय दबं ग चीन, बाक़� पड़ोसी देशों पर आ�थक और से� दबं गई करते रहता है- अमरीका ने
ढेर सारा पैसा ख़चर् के इन ए�शयाई देशों क� सेना और ह�थयार का नवीनीकरण करना होगा।
- IR/Defense: Hypersonic Glide Vehicles (HGVs) Missiles developed by China.
that can escape the missile defence systems. They fly at lower altitudes than
ballistic missiles, which means they could potentially escape early warning
systems, aided by the earth’s curvature -giving them stealth and exceptional
manoeuvrability. �Points to Reflect: 1) Previously Russia’s Sputnik Space race
drove the Eisenhower administration to seek space arms, triggering a ballistic
missile race resulting in the Cuban missile crisis. Will the history again repeat
itself with china? 2) India must accelerate its hypersonic missiles programme
and setup an equally robust missile defence against hypersonic hypersonic
missiles. (चीन द्वारा हाइपरसो�नक प्र�ेपा� का �नमार्ण। ये �मसाइल पारंप�रक �व�ोटक �मसाइल के
मुक़ाबले ज़मीन से ब�त नज़दीक उड्ते ह�, इस�लए हाइपरसो�नक �मसाइल को ढूँ ढना तबाह करना भी मु��ल हो
जाता है। नए िक़� के �मसाइल बनाने क� इस �धार् म� पहले भी अमे�रका और र�शया के बीच धूळ �ूबा
�मसाइल आपदा हो चुक� थी, वापस ऐसा ही चीन के साथ होने का डर। भारत ने भी हाइपरसो�नक �मसाइल
�नमार्ण िक अपनी तेज़ी को बढ़ाना होगा)
- IR: EXTERNAL AFFAIRS Minister S Jaishankar said India and China are going
through a "particularly bad patch" in their ties because China has taken a set of
actions in violation of Border agreements for which it still doesn't have a
"credible explanation" (For Pangong lake, Eastern Ladakh border standoff ) and
it is for the Chinese leadership to answer where they want to take the bilateral
relationship. (भारत के �वदेश मं त्री का कहना है िक भारत और चीन के �र�े एक ख़राब समय से गुज़र रहे
ह� �ोंिक चीन द्वारा सीमा पर सम�ाय� खड़ी क� जा रही है और चीनी नेताओं ने अब तय करना है िक वे भारत के
साथ कै से �र�े रखना चाहते ह�)
- � � � � � a rare admission of problems between the party and the
military, the CPC resolution said that “for a period of time, the Party's leadership
over the military was obviously lacking. If this problem had not been completely
solved, it would not only have diminished the military's combat capacity, but
also undermined the key political principle that the Party commands the gun.

� ispe PHD not required unless political science is your optional subject. (चीन के
सा�वादी प� ने कहा िक कु छ समय तक उनके प� ने कहा सेना पर प्र�� नेतृ� निह था।)
- China-Pak: China delivers its most advanced warship PNS Tughril. Previously
gave JF-17 Thunder fighter aircraft. China also funding Pakistan’s Gwadar port
in the Arabian Sea which connects with China’s Xinjiang province by land in the
$60 billion China Pakistan Economic Corridor (CPEC). China is also developing
Sri Lanka’s Hambantota port after it acquired it on 99 years’ lease.
- GSM2-IR: Buddhist majoritarianism in Myanmar and Sri Lanka. 1) Buddhist
monk of Myanmar, Ashin Wiranthu- accused of inciting violence against
Rohingya Muslims. 2) SriLanka: Monk Gnanasara Thero,founder of Bodu Bala
Sena (Buddhist Power Force) accused of inciting violence against the Sri Lankan
Muslims. He's made the chairman of the committee for President Gotabaya
Rajapaksa’s project of “One Country One Law” (for removing separate laws for
minorities) � implications for India: violence against minorities in its
neighbourhood 1) Refugee crisis 2) If Indian religious group start protest
marches/flag burning in India against those neighbouring countries → souring
of the relationship. (श्रीलं का और �ांमार म� कट्टरपं थी बौद्ध साधुओ ं के चलते मु��म अ�सं �क
समुदाय को सम�ाएं । भारत के �लए भी �चतं ा का मामला �ोंिक शरणा�थयों क� सम�ा बढ़ाता है, और भारत
म� धा�मक नेताओं द्वारा उन देशों क� सरकारों के �ख़लाफ़ प्रदशर्नों के चलते भारत के �वदेशी �र�ों को भी खट्टा
करता है। )
- IR/Defense: China in Africa: Xi woos African leaders with debt waiver,
vaccines, amid US push into continent. 2) hina has announced to help the AU
(African Union) achieve its goal of vaccinating 60 per cent of the African
population by 2022 by giving another one billion doses of vaccines to Africa. 2)
$10 billion to African financial institutions to help SMEs 3) “China will exempt
African LDCs (least developed countries) from debt incurred in the form of
interest-free Chinese government loans due by the end of 2021” � China's
benefit? 1) mining and plantation rights 2) protecting its Diaspora and workers.
3) Setting up naval bases by giving lollipop. चीन के �लए अफ़्रीका के देशों से �र�े बेहतर करने

के �लए कोरोना टीकाकरण और कज़र् माफ़� क� घोषणा क� है। तािक उन देशों म� खनन अ�धकार, चीनी लोगों क�
र�ा और नेवी बं दरगाह बनाने मे चीन को सु�वधा रहे
- Chinese Naval Ports Expansion: UAE- China developing Khalifa port for
‘dual use’ (civilian and military). �
Points to Reflect: 1) India does not have
this much financial power so it will have to use the help of its allies in QUAD. 2)
India cannot take its South Asian and Middle-Eastern ‘friends’ for granted e.g.
UAE, Myanmar, Thailand, Cambodia, Sri Lanka, Djibouti. They could join all
the infrastructure and strategic projects of China depending on the financial
incentives 3) China is developing such ports for dual use so that it can also
protect its economic assets. e.g. if Chinese companies are doing mining in
Tanzania but military coup/ethnic strife creating problems for the Chinese
businessmen then immediately Chinese military can be deployed. चीन द��ण ए�शया
और म� पूवर् के �व�भ� छोटे देशों म� अपने बं दरगाह बना रहा है �जसका वो दोहरा उपयोग कर रहा है आ�थक
भी और साम�रक भी। भारत उन छु टभैये देशों क� �मत्रता पर �व�ास नहीं रख सकता �ोंिक वे तो कभी भी चीन
क� गोद म� पैसों के लालच म� बैठ जाते ह�- �जसम� नवीनतम उदाहरण है UAE का ख़लीफ़ा पोटर्।
- IR: THE UNITED Nations human right commission has asked China to give
proof of the whereabouts of Chinese tennis star Peng Shuai, missing since she
made sexual assault allegations against a former vice-premier. �Points to
Reflect: does human right commission have such power against a permanent
member? Maybe we will wait for an explained series. (चीनी टे�नस मिहला �खलाड़ी �जसने
िक वाइस प्री�मयर के �ख़लाफ़ बला�ार का आरोप लगाया था वो काफ़� समय से ग़ायब ह� इस�लए सं यु� रा��
मानव अ�धकार आयोग ने चीनी सरकार से जवाब माँगा है िक लापता लड़क� के बारे म� हम� सुबूत दी�जए।)
- Diplomacy: US PRESIDENT Joe Biden video call Xi. They discussed North
Korea, Afghanistan, Iran, global energy markets, trade and competition, climate,
military issues, the pandemic and other areas where they frequently disagree.
China’s President said “Since the founding of the People’s Republic, China has
never started a single war or conflict, and has never taken one inch of land from
other countries” अमे�रका और चीन के रा�प� �तयों क� भी ऑनलाइन मं त्रणा।

IR � → PAK
- IR/Defense: Ex-Navy Officer Kulbhushan Jadhav abducted by Pakistan & given

death sentence over spying and terror charges. But, 2019: International Court of
Justice (ICJ, Haque, Netherlands) ruled that Pakistan was obliged under
international laws to provide by means of its own choosing “effective review and
reconsideration” of Jadhav's conviction. 2021: Pak Parliament passed a bill so
Jadhav can file a review petition at municipal courts in Pakistan. India not
satisfied because this does not provide effective review and reconsideration of
Jadhav’s case. (पािक�ान द्वारा अपहरण िकए गए भारतीय नेवी अफ़सर कु लभूषण जाधव अपनी मृ�ुदंड
क� �ख़लाफ़ या�चका दायर कर सक� �ू�न�सपल अदालत ने ऐसा क़ानून पािक�ान ने पास िकया है। लेिकन भारत
सरकार नाराज़ है िक इस प्रकार क� �लपापो�त से अंतररा�ी� य �ा�यक अदालत के फ़ै सले का जमींनी �र पर
अमल नहीं हो पाएगा। )
- PAKISTAN did not allow Go First’s new Srinagar-Sharjah flight to use
Pakistan country's airspace, forcing airline to reroute the service and add 40
minutes to its flying time. Perhaps Pakistan is using its airspace as a diplomatic
bargaining chip with India. e.g. reduce taxes on our product, humko Kashmir de
do etc (Which is never going to happen by the way)
- EcoPill2-BoP/Intl-Trade: International Monetary Fund (IMF)’s Pakistan
bailout package in 2019 under Extended Fund Facility (EFF) $6 billion$ loan -
subject to certain terms and conditions for control of fiscal deficit,subsidies,
defense expenditure, making the government companies profitable/ forcing its
privatisation, combating money laundering terror finance. Topic resurface is in
news every time the portion of the loan is released by IMF to Pakistan. (पािक�ान
को आइएमएफ द्वारा जो छः �ब�लयन डॉलर का कज़र् िदया जा रहा है उसक� कॉम�ट�ी चलती रहती है। हालाँिक ये

कज़ार् शत� के अधीन है जैसे िक पािक�ान सरकार ने सै� ख़चर् कम करने होंगे ग़रीबों को दी जाने वाली स��डी
कम करनी होगी, सरकारी कं प�नयों का �नजीकरण करना होगा , आतं क� �व�पोषण और धनशोधन से लड़ना
होगा इ�ािद)
IR � → TALIBAN
- IR/Defense: major terror Events: i) 11-Sept-2001 (9/11): American World

Trade Centre attack → American invasion on Afghanistan. (ii) 13-Dec-2001:
terrorist attack Indian Parliament. (iii) 26-Nov-2008 (26/11): Mumbai attack by
terrorist-> 2012: Ajmal Kasab hanged.
- IR/Defense: Taliban- 9/11 ke American Victims had won a case in an
American Court that requires Al-Quida and Taliban to pay about $7 billion in
compensation to the victims but in reality it is difficult to enforce it. However,
now the Taliban controls the government in Afghanistan, can President Biden
impose some directive to freeze the bank accounts of Afghani govt to recover the
money? नाइन इलेवन आतं क� हमले के मुआवज़े ��प अलक़ायदा और ता�लबान ने अमरीक� पीिड़तों को
सात �ब�लयन डॉलर देने ह� ऐसा अमे�रक� कोटर् का आदेश है। �ा रा��प�त �बडेन अफ़ग़ा�न�ान के ता�लबानी
सरकार के ब�क खातों को फ़्रीज़ कर ये रक़म वसूल�गे क� नहीं उस पर �वचार हो रहा
- IR/Defense: BRITAIN taxi explosion outside a hospital in Liverpool on Sunday
was a terrorist incident. Govt RAISED its national threat level to “severe”,
meaning an attack is seen as highly likely. �Points to Reflect: too much
pampering and sheltering of the anti-India groups in Britain (for local vote bank
politics) is turning Britain into a hotspot for terrorism. (�ब्रटेन आतं कवाद के बढ़ते मामले
�ोंिक भारत �वरोधी त�ों को �ानीय वोट ब�क के �लए उनके नेता गोद मे �बठाकर तु�ीकरण कर रहे थे, तो
अब वे कट्टर समूह �ादा श��शाली बन गए)
- UNICEF to directly fund Afghan teachers, bypass Taliban authorities because
1) International community placed a freeze on funding to the Taliban led
administration. 2) even if money given to Taliban government there is no
guarantee it will reach to the girl education institutions.

- IR/Defense: 1) RUSSIA, INDIA and China

(RIC) foreign ministers resolution for “Afghan-
led and Afghan-owned peace process”. although
mostly repeating of what we learnt in the DELHI
Declaration. वही �घसी �पटी बात� चल रही है अफ़ग़ा�न�ान के
�वकास के बारे म�
- USA closed embassy in Afghanistan and have no plans to open it soon so they
have given the responsibility to Qatar to serve as the “protecting power” for the
US in Taliban-run Afghanistan. (स�चन त�दल
ु कर ने कहा है िक वो मैच खेलने नहीं आ पाएगा पा�थव
पटेल से काम चला लो)
- India-Taliban: INDIA IS hosting the ‘Delhi Regional Security Dialogue on
Afghanistan” with NSAs of
Iran,Russia,Kazakhstan,Kyrgyzstan),Tajikistan,Turkmenistan,Uzbekistan.
Pakistan and China not participating. Taliban not invited. Agenda of the
meeting ■ Terrorism within Afghanistan and its spilling beyond its borders ■
Radicalisation and extremism in the population in Afghanistan, and in each of
these countries ■ Cross-border movement of people, including ordinary
Afghans and Taliban fighters ■ Drug production and trafficking ■ Vast amount
of weapons and equipment left behind by the US and its allies in Afghanistan.
Officials said the meeting will look at evolving a “regional security architecture”
to deal with these challenges, arising out of the Taliban takeover of Afghanistan.
(भारत तथा अ� देशों के रा��ीय सुर�ा स�चवों के बीच िद�ी म� मं त्रणा �जस पर ता�लबानी आतं कवादी ह�थयार
और नशीले द्र�ों क� त�री तथा अमे�रक� सेना द्वारा छोड़ िदए गए श�ों के चलते होने वाली सम�ाओं पर
चचार् होगी। पािक�ान और चीन के रा��ीय सुर�ा स�चव इस प�रषद म� निह हा�ज़री दे रहे और ता�लबान को
बुलाया नहीं गया है)
IR � → RUSSIA

- Defense: India received delivery of Russian S-400 Triumf air defence system to
India. � has the capability to protect against almost all sorts of aerial attacks,
including drones, missiles, rockets and even fighter jets. �
The system comes
equipped with four types of missiles: short- range up to 40 km; to very-long
range up to 400 km � S-400 detects an aerial threat approaching the air
defence bubble (the area it has to protect), calculates the trajectory of the threat,
and fires missiles to counter it. �
American equivalent product: American
MIM-104 Patriot system. � China already bought ussian S-400 Triumf air
defence system & used it in eastern Ladakh, standoff in 2020. � US wants
India to wean off its traditional reliance on Russian defence systems. Threat of
Sanctions under Countering America’s Adversaries through Sanctions Act
(CAATSA-2017)- if a country buys defense equipments/deals with American
adversaries Iran, Russia and North Korea then USA will punish such countries.
But India’s stand: “India and the US have a comprehensive global strategic
partnership. India has always pursued an independent foreign policy. This also
applies to our defence acquisitions and supplies which are guided by our
national security interests.” (�स से भारत ने ख़रीदा S-४०० वायु सुर�ा प्रणाली। जो�खम 400
िकलोमीटर तक क� सीमा म� ड�ोन �मसाइल लड़ाकू �वमानों को �गरा सकता है। वैसे चीन के पास भी यही प्रणाली है
जो उसने पूव� लद्दाख म� लगायी �ई। हालाँिक इसम� अमे�रका को मज़ा नहीं आ रहा और उसके CAATSA
क़ानून के तहत भारत पर आ�थक पाबं िदयों का रख� लेिकन भारत सरकार का मानना कह�ना हे क� हालाँिक
अमे�रका भारत का अ�ा �मत्र और वै��क भागीदार है लेिकन हम अपनी �वदेश नी�त �तं त्र तरीक़े से रा�ी� य
सुर�ा के �लए बनाते ह�। )
IR � → NEIGHBOURS
IR/Soft Diplomacy at sub-national level: ASSAM government has reserved two
seats for students from Bhutan in the state-run medical colleges in a bid to foster
ties between the two countries. (असम रा� सरकार ने भूटान के �वद्या�थयों के �लए मेिडकल
कॉलेजों म� दो सीट आर��त क� है तािक असम रा� और भूटान देश के बीच �र�े बेहतर रह सके )
IR � → ORGS

- IR: Ex-NSA Shivshankar Menon criticises that 1) Modi’s claim for permanent
UNSC seat is populist. Why do you want to sit on the UN Security Council. Is it
a beauty contest where other people have to vote for you? I do not see how it
helps. Is it going to feed people? Is it going to help in people’s welfare?... I do not
see this as a big goal we should be seeking. But it is a populist goal.” 2)
PM/Presidents in Japan, China, India, Turkey, Russia, all the way up to (Donald)
Trump using nativism, nationalism, used personality cults to win elections but
its harming Economy. �
Points to Reflect: 1) ye Logic ke XYZ thing is not
helping the poor people to get food then India should stop its UNSC permanent
seat lobbying, stop all the Moon-Mars space missions by ISRO, stop purchase of
S400 air defense system,India should not develop military museums, Vaccine
Maitry, helping poor nations etc. Always there will be poor and hungry people
that does not mean a nation state can stop pursuing its diplomatic/strategic
agendas. 2) Are former officer turned authors releasing controversial remarks
during book launch to �sales? (भूतपूवर् रा��ीय सुर�ा सलाहकार �शवशं कर मेनन ने आलोचना क�
है िक मोदी सरकार जो सं यु� रा�� सं घ क� सुर�ा प�रषद म� �ायी सद�ता क� माँग कर रही है वो �सफ़र् लोक
लुभावन के �लए चुनावी भाषणो का मुद्दा बनाया जा रहा है, जबिक इससे गरीब के पेट मे भोजन नहीं जाने वाला।
तो इस तकर् पर तो सभी देशों ने अपने अंत�र� सं शोधन �मसाइल �नमार्ण इ�ािद का काम रोक देना चािहए- जो
क� अता�कक हे, �ोंिक हमेशा कोई न कोई तो गरीब रहेगा ही!)
- India wants to invite Bay of Bengal Initiative for Multi-Sectoral Technical and
Economic Cooperation (Bimstec) leaders to attend 26th Jan paradeviz. Prime
Minister Sheikh Hasina of Bangladesh, Prime Minister Mahinda Rajapaksa or
his brother, President Gotabaya Rajapaksa, of Sri Lanka, Prime Minister Sher
Bahadur Deuba of Nepal, Prime Minister Lotay Tshering of Bhutan, Prime
Minister Prayut Chan-o-cha of Thailand, and the Chairman of Myanmar’s State
Administration Council, General Min Aung Hlaing. �Points to Reflect: 1)
previously we had invited ASEAN leaders in similar fashion 2) ASEAN didn’t

invite Myanmar military leader in its summit. But we are planning to do so.
(अगली 26 जनवरी परेड को बीम�ेक नेताओं को सामूिहक आमं त्रण का प्रयास हो रहा है)
IR � → GUNS/WEAPONS
- Project 15B comprises four Navy stealth destroyer ships — Visakhapatnam,

Mormugao, Imphal and Porbandar, and all are being built by the Mazagon Dock
Shipbuilders Limited. MDL has delivered the first ship equipped with supersonic
surface-to-surface Brahmos missiles and Barak-8 long range surface-to-air
Missiles, and hull-mounted sonar Humsa NG (नए युद्धक जहाज़ के )
- Russia's Zircon hypersonic cruise missile to be used in their navy.
- Defense: Indian Short Arms System (INSAS) rifles- Government aims to
replace them with better quality of life and previously purchased American Sig
Sauer rifles. Now planning joint-production of AK-203 rifles with help of Russia.
Defence acquisition Council (DAC) chaired by Defence Minister Rajnath Singh
has cleared proposal. (भारत क� �देशी इं सास रायफल को बदलकर ही र�शया के साथ �मलकर
AK203 राइफ़ल के �नमार्ण के �लए प्र�ाव)
- Defense: PM IK Gujral’s Project 75 (P75) for buying/building submarines →
2005: India and France signed a contract for building six Scorpene class
submarines: Names: NS Kalvari (2017), INS Khanderi and INS Karanj. INS Vela
(2021). Upcoming: Vagir and Vagshee. These are iesel-electric powered attack
submarine.
- IR/Defense- Lithuania allowed Taiwan opened an embassy. China got angry,
downgraded the diplomatic ties with Lithuania.
- IR/Defense- Police administration: Madhya Pradesh to bring in police
commissioner system for Bhopal, Indore. In a traditional district the district
collector (IAS) acts district magistrate- with powers to issues curfew, arrest
warrants, firecracker/firearm licences. If city is under Commissionerate system,
then the police commissioner (IPS) will have some of these magisterial powers.

The Police commissioner also directly reports to the state government, instead of
the district administration. (म� प्रदेश के कु छ शहरों को पु�लस क�मशनर प्रणाली म� लाया जाएगा
यानी वहाँ पर �जला कले�र के पास जो मै�ज��ेट वाली स�ाएँ होती हे जेसे क� पटाखों क� दक
ु ान को लाइस�स
देना, इ�ािद वे पु�लस क�म�र के पास भी होंगी।)
- IR/Defense: 56th DGPs/IGPs conference at the Uttar Pradesh Police
headquarters in Lucknow. Modi calls for High-Power Police Technology
Mission,adopt future technologies for grassroots policing requirements,
- IR/Defense: cyber security: PAKISTAN’S National Database and Registration
Authority’s (Nadra) (similar to India’s UIDAI/Aadhar): data breach → hacked
data is used to issue 13,000 illegal mobile SIM cards. (पािक�ानी आधार काडर् के डेटा �आ
लीक �जसक� मदद से फ़ज़� �सम काडर् िदए जा रहे ह�। )
- India has 15 conventional diesel electric submarines- subtypes 1) Shishumar-
German 2) Kilo Class or Sindhughosh Class bought from Russia 3) Kalvari Class
Scorpene submarines built at India’s Mazagon Dock in partnership with France.
Most of India’s submarines are over 25 years old, and many are getting refitted.
China is giving 8 submarines to Pakistan so we also need to improve. भारत के �व�वध
डीज़ल सबमरीन/पं डू�बया
- India’s Nuclear Powered Submarine: INS Arihant. A second nuke powered
submarine, INS Arighat, an upgraded version of Arihant, is likely to be
commissioned within the next few months. Nuke Submarines infinite capacity
to stay dived. As they are not propelled by batteries, they need not emerge for
charging by a diesel engine. Propelled by a nuclear-powered engine, these
submarines only need to come to the surface for replenishing supplies for the
crew. SSNs are also able to move faster underwater than conventional
submarines. All this allows a navy to deploy them at farther distances, and
quicker. They are like the fighter jets of the underwater world. India is among six
nations that have SSNs, alongside the US, the UK, Russia, France and China.
India got its first SSN in 1987 from the Soviet Navy, which it rechristened INS
Chakra, भारत के परमाणु ऊजार् आधा�रत सबमरीन/पं डू�बया

IR � → IR-ZMISC.
- Chicago Convention in 1944 for civil aviation- 6 freedoms. 1) freedom#1: right
to an airline of one country to fly over asecond country and land in a third
country. 2) Freedom#2: right to refuel or carry out maintenance in a foreign
country without embarking or disembarking passengers or cargo. In news
because Pak refused to let Indian Go-First slight from Srinagar to Sharjah
अंतररा��ीय नाग�रक उड्डयन का �शकागो समझौता और उसम� उड्डयन के बारे म� �व�भ� अ�धकार �तं त्रता
- Defense: Award: COLONEL BIKUMALLA Santosh Babu was on awarded the
Maha Vir Chakra – the country’s second-highest military gallantry honour –
posthumously for leading the fight against Chinese soldiers during a clash
between the two armies on June 15, 2020 in Galwan Valley of Ladakh.
- IR/Defense: Award: Vir Chakra is the third highest Indian military honour
during wartime. Given to GROUP CAPTAIN (previously wing commander)
Abhinandan Varthaman who shot down a Pakistan F-16 fighter jet in the
aftermath of the Pulwama terror attack-2019. He was captured by the Pakistani
Army after his MiG-21 Bison jet was shot down in a dogfight with Pakistani jets
- IR/Defense: Solomon Islands capital is a sovereign country in Pacific Ocean,
with six major islands such as Malaita island to Guadalcanal island. Protest
going on against government policies about Taiwan/China embassy. Australian
police went to control the riots. GSM2: issues affecting Indian interest? jabarjasti
microscopic PHD things need not be prepared beyond one line. सोलोमन टापू देश के
�व�वध इलाक़ों मे दंगे प्रदशर्न चल रहे ह� तो ओल��े�लया क� पु�लस शां�त �ापना के �लए गई। सरकार और
प्रदशर्नका�रयों के बीच चीन ताइवान से �र�ों के बारे म� तनाव है।
- Sydney Dialogue is a world summit conducted by Australian Strategic Policy
Institute for emerging, critical and cyber technologies. PM Modi attended
virtually- said Cryptocurrency must not end up in wrong hands
- � � � � � BRITAIN vs France: Post-Brexit fight over fishing rights.
Threatening to send Navy.

- IR: weaponisation of migrants/refugees/Hybrid Warfare 1) EU sanctioned

Belarus for human rights abuses. So Belarus President allowing/facilitating
Syrian/Afghan refugees to enter Poland → immigrant versus domicile violence
and economic problems in Poland. 2) Russia dispatched two nuclear-capable
strategic bombers to patrol Belarusian airspace to show support! �
Points to
Reflect: India also faces similar problem regarding Rohingya. (शरणा�थयों का
श�ीकरण: बेला�स जानबूझकर सी�रयाई शरणा�थयों को घुसपैठ करने देता है तािक उ�� पोल�ड क� तरफ़ भेजा
जा सके - पोल�ड म� आ�थक सामा�जक और आपरा�धक सम�ाय� खड़ी क� जा सके ।)
HISTORY → FREEDOM STRUGGLE/ANCIENT/MEDIEVAL
- History: Dimasas (or Dimasa-Kacharis) are the earliest known rulers and
settlers of Assam. Prior to Ahom rule, the Dimasa kings — believed to be
descendants of the rulers of the ancient Kamarupa kingdom — ruled large parts
of Assam along the south bank of the Brahmaputra between the 13th and 16th
centuries. Their earliest historically known capital was Dimapur (now in
Nagaland), and later Maibang in North Cachar Hills. The demand for statehood
began in the 1960, and later took a violent turn. 2021: insurgent outfit Dimasa
National Liberation Army (DNLA) laid down arms in Assam
- History: Govind Guru- Bhil leader Gujarat-Rajasthan border. Advocated social
problems such as liquor consumption and inter-generational debt. Founded
Bhagat Sampradaya (sect) in 1908 to socially and morally uplift the Bhil
community. 1913: British forces killed him and his followers.
- History: Onake Obavva Jayanti will be celebrated across the Karnataka on 11th
Nov. She died after killing several soldiers in the army of Hyder Ali — father of
Tipu Sultan — to delay the siege of the fort of Chitradurga, in Karnataka. Other
historic female figures: 1)Abbakka Rani, the first Tuluva queen of Chitradurga
fort- she fought the Portuguese; 2) Keladi Chennamma, the queen of the Keladi
kingdom who fought the Mughal Emperor Aurangzeb; 3) Kittur Chennamma,
the queen of Kittur who fought the East India Company in 1824

- History: Rani Gaidinliu. In News because a museum in Manipur’s Tamenglong

district. She was a A spiritual and political leader, Tribal Freedom Fighter. Rani
Gaidinliu, of the Rongmei tribe, was born on January 26, 1915 at Luangkao
village in Tamenglong district. At 13, she joined Haipou Jadonang- the leader of
‘Heraka movement’ based on the ancestral Naga religion fighting for an
independent Naga kingdom (or Naga-Raja). After Jadonang’s execution, Rani
Gandiliu became leader but was imprisoned for life. In 1938, the Nikhil Manipur
Maha Sabha, the first political party of Manipur during the British colonial rule,
adopted a resolution to free Rani Gaidinliu from prison. She was and released in
1947. Nehru called her the “Daughter of the Hills” and gave her the title “Rani”.
She was awarded the Tamrapatra in 1972, Padma Bhushan in 1982,
Vivekananda Sewa Summan in 1983, and Stree Shakti Puraskar in 1991.
Following her death on February 17, 1993 at Luangkao, she was posthumously
awarded the Bhagwan Birsa Munda Puraskar in 1996. �तं त्रता सेनानी रानी गाइिदन�ू के
नाम पर म�णपुर म� सं ग्रहालय बन रहा है
- SIR SYED Ahmad Khan (1817-98), popularly known as Sir Syed, the founder
of Muhammadan Anglo Oriental (MAO) College, which went on to become
Aligarh Muslim University. Sometimes he spoke about Hindu Muslim unity
sometimes he wrote about how both cannot live together, one group must defeat
the other. Sir Syed lived in a period of tumultuous transition when the old was
dead but the new was not yet born. Negotiating one’s way through its
uncertainties would entail many a contradiction that remained unresolved. His
books and articles simultaneously discuss contradictory views, and any attempt
to draw them into a single narrative is destined to fail.” (सर सैयद अहमद ख़ान जो
अलीगढ़ मु��म यू�नव�सटी �व��वद्यालय क� �ापना से जुड़े �ए ह� उनके बारे म� एक कॉलम िक कै से कभी कभी
उ�ोंने िह�ू मु��म एकता क� बात क� तो कभी कभी भी अलग पािक�ान क� सं क�ना का बीजारोपण िकया
है।)
- History: NAME of Bhopal’s Habibganj railway station has been changed to
Rani Kamlapati station. She was the widow of Nizam Shah, whose Gond dynasty

ruled the then Ginnorgarh, 55 km from Bhopal, in the 18th century. Nizam Shah
built the famous seven-storeyed Kamlapati Palace in Bhopal. Kamlapati
committed suicide by drowning herself in the Bhopal lake in 1723. The Gond are
one of the largest tribal communities in India spread across MP, Maharashtra,
Chhattisgarh, Andhra Pradesh, Telangana, Bihar and Odisha (भोपाल के हबीबगं ज
रेलवे �ेशन का नाम बदल के �आ रानी कमलाप�त �ेशन)
SCIENCE-TECH
SCIENCE-TECH → CORONA
⇒ Corona: Medicines Patent Pool, a non-profit backed by the United Nations.
Pfizer gave royalty-free licence for the Paxlovid pill. It helps patients who’ve
not yet taken vaccine. Deal will allow manufacturers to take out a sub-licence.
They will receive Pfizer’s formula for the drug and mfg and sell it mostly in
Africa and Asia, फाइजर कं पनी क� कोरोना दवाई का तीसरे �व� के उ�ादक �बना रोयलटी भुगतान
िकए उ�ादन कर पाएँ गे।
⇒ Corona: THE FIRST known Covid-19 case was a market vendor in the
Chinese city of Wuhan, not an accountant who worked in lab. Says WHO
study. Thus, SARS-CoV-2 virus had probably been transmitted from bats to
humans through another animal. It was not a ‘lab made virus’. Aisa WHO
bol rhaa hai. Separately Austria to reimpose full lockdown and compulsory
vaccination for entire population because of Corona wave 4.0. Germany also
getting strict.
⇒ Corona: World Health Organisation (WHO) had designated Omicron
variant (B.1.1.529) as a “variant of concern (VOC)”. First reported from
South Africa. Also found in Israel and Belgium. Botswana and Hong Kong.
द��ण अफ़्रीका से पाया गया कोरोना वायरस का नया ओमीक्रोंन ��प- जो अ� ��प से �ादा सं क्रामक
और ख़तरनाक है।
⇒ MOLNUPIRAVIR - Anti-Corona drug works by causing viruses to make
errors when copying their own RNA, introducing mutations that inhibit

replication. Researchers have now developed a method to manufacture it

faster
⇒ Sci-6 Corona: Can an RT-PCR test detect infection with Omicron? Ans. this
variant is that it could be detected in some of the RTPCR diagnostic tests
(BUT NOT ALL) 2) most RT-PCR tests in India might not be able to
distinguish between Omicron and other variants. 3) RT-PCR tests can only
confirm whether the person has an infection or not. They are not designed to
determine which particular variant has infected the person. 4) GENOME
testing of the sample required to find variant but it’s expensive. पारंप�रक RT-
PCR test �ा कोरोना वायरस के नए ओ�मक्रोन ��प को पकड़ सकता है। थोड़ा मु��ल है उसके �लए
अलग से जीनोम परी�ण करना होगा, इसम� ख़च� लगते है
⇒ Science- Corona: A pulse oximeter is a small clip-like device which, attached
to a fingertip, earlobe, or toe, calculates the amount of oxygen in blood. It was
used widely during the corona pandemic to check the oxygen level. �

oximeter has a small electronic processor and a pair of LEDs, one of which
emits red light; the other infra red. The lights pass through the finger, and the
device senses what comes through the other side. Oxygenated haemoglobin
absorbs more infrared light and allows more red light to pass through than
deoxygenated hemoglobin. The amount of light that is transmitted is
measured by the processor, �
A blood oxygen saturation rate 95 per cent
and higher is considered normal. �
critics alleged that pulse oximeter is are
not giving proper reading if skin has dark pigmentation. प�-ओक�समीटर नाम का
साधन जो खून म� ऑ�ीजन क� मात्रा को लापता है। हालाँिक अ�ेत चमड़ी वाले ��यों म� यह साधन
सही आंकड़े नहीं िदखा था ऐसा आरोप।
⇒ Science-6 Corona: VARIANTS OF CONCERN: The WHO currently lists 5
variants of concern: ■ Omicron (B.1.1.529), identified in southern Africa in
November 2021 ■ Delta (B.1.617.2), which emerged in India in late 2020 ■
Gamma (P.1),Brazil in late 2020 ■ Beta (B.1.351), in South Africa in early

2020 ■ Alpha (B.1.1.7), in Britain in late 2020. So, Omicron is having

similarities with Delta (both of them have the codename “B.1. ).
⇒ Science-6 Corona: VARIANTS OF INTEREST: 1) Lambda (C.37),Peru 2) Mu
(B.1.621),Colombia.
⇒ WHO clears Bharat Biotech Covaxin for global use. How it will benefit we
have already studied.
SCIENCE-TECH → HEALTH RELATED
⇒ Dhanwantari is the God of medicine. The Ministry of Ayurveda, Yoga and
Naturopathy, Unani, Siddha and Homeopathy, therefore, observes
DHANTERAS as National Ayurveda Day. Theme for this year has been aptly
titled ‘Ayurveda for Covid
⇒ Sci-Heath: UK proposed ’to clear country’s first long-acting injectable
treatment for HIV-1 infection in adults using a combination of the injections
cabotegravir with rilpivirine. While HIV is still incurable, but the virus can be
controlled by modern treatment. However, for some patients daily oral
tablets difficult due to side effects, toxicity, and other psychosocial issues such
as stigma. But this injection combo need to be taken only once every 2
months. (हालाँिक एड्स के उपचार क� कोई दवाई नहीं है िक�ु शरीर म� वायरस क� मात्रा को कम क� जा
सकती है यिद रोज़ाना मुँह से दवाइयां खाई जाए लेिकन कु छ बार मरीज़ों कर नहीं पाते तो 2 महीने पर
इं जे�न से वही लाभ �मले ऐसा सं शोधन �ब्रटन मे)
⇒ Sci/Heath: Diabetes is broadly of two predominant types type 1 and type 2
diabetes. Type 1 diabetes generally afflicts young children, but can also affect
adolescents and even adults. Earlier it was referred to as juvenile diabetes as it
mostly affected children. Type 1 diabetes is an auto-immune disorder where
the beta cells, which produce insulin in the pancreas, are destroyed by
antibodies against the beta cells. Type 1 diabetes constitutes a small but
challenging percentage of the diabetes population, roughly in the range of 5-
10 per cent. On the other hand, type 2 diabetes is the more common type of
diabetes and since it often occurred in adults over the age of 40, it was

popularly known as 'maturity onset diabetes', though there is nothing mature

in developing diabetes. Today, type 2 diabetes is even being seen in children
as young as 10-12 years due to the steep rise in obesity among them. Type 2
diabetics often have a strong family history of the disease coupled with a poor
lifestyle. World Diabetes Day was first celebrated in 1991 by the International
Diabetes Federation and the World Health Organisation to raise awareness in
response to rising diabetes rates worldwide. November 14 marks the birthday
of Sir Frederick Banting, who, along with Charles Best, discovered insulin a
100 years ago in 1922, in Toronto, Canada. This day also coincides with
Children's Day. मधुप्रमेह िक �व�भ� प्रकार
⇒ Science: 6-Public Health: HELA Cells: they are cervical cancer tutor cells
from Henrietta Lacks, a Black tobacco farmer of USA (1950s). These cells are
unique because they continue to multiply/double every day even in the
laboratory outside human body. HELA cells have been used by 1) Jonas Salk
used the cells to develop the polio vaccine, 2) Identify the human
immunodeficiency virus (HIV), 3) develop the cervical cancer vaccine. 4)
SARS-CoV-2 corona vaccine etc. 2020 marked her birth centenary so WHO
installed her statue in Bristol (UK). �
ethical concerns: HELA tumour cells
were given away for research without patient’s consent and pharma
companies have made millions of dollars, but family got nothing. अमे�रक� अ�ेत
मिहला हेन�रएटा ले� के शरीर से �नकाले गए क� सर कोष, प्रयोगशाला म� रोज़ दगु नी होते ह�। इन “हेला-
सेल/कोष” क� मदद से ढेर सारे �चिक�ा/वै�ा�नक आ�व�ार हो पाए ह�- जैसे क� पो�लयो टीकाकरण,
कोरोना टीकाकरण। हालाँिक फामार्�ुिटकल कं प�नयों ने �ब�लयन डॉलर बना �लए लेिकन प�रवार को कु छ
पैसा नहीं िदया।
SCIENCE-TECH → SPACE TECHNOLOGY ISRO/NASA
⇒ ANNUAL Leonids Meteor Shower- happens in November. Meterors come
from a small comet called 55P/Tempel-Tuttle in the constellation Leo. This
constellation Leo takes 33 years to orbit the sun. The Leonids Meteors are
also called fireballs and earthgazer meteors. Fireballs, because of their bright

colours, and earthgazer, because they streak close to the horizon. Every 33
years, a Leonid shower turns into a meteor storm. A meteor storm should
have at least 1,000 meteors per hour. उ�ा वषार्
⇒ ISA & OSOWOG: 2015 International Solar Alliance (ISA), launched at the
2015 Paris climate change conference for solar energy harnessing in
Equatorial and tropical regions. To implement ISA objectives, one more
program launched- the One Sun One World One Grid (OSOWOG) it
proposes a common grid through more than 100 countries to stabilise energy
supply, (सॉरी ऊजार् म� अंतररा��ीय सहयोग के �लए ISA उसीमे और �ादा सं कलन/सहयोग के �लए
OSOWOG - एक �व� एक �ग्रड का �नमार्ण हो रहा है।)
⇒ Sci-Space: NASA’s Double Asteroid Redirection Test (DART) mission to fly

an unmanned spacecraft — about the size of a golf cart — and crash it into
an asteroid the size of a pyramid. �
It is a test to see whether the impact can
alter the course of the celestial bodies. �
2) Test ability to protect earth
from asteroids. (नासा ऐसा अवकाश यान भेजेगा जो उ�ा�पडं से टकराकर उसका रा�ा बदलवा द�
तािक उस उ�ा�पडं के �गरने से पृ�ी को नुक़सान न हो।)
⇒ Sci-Space: quasi-satellite — a near Earth object that

orbits the Sun and yet remains close to the Earth. 2006:
scientist found such quasi-satellite, named it Kamo’oalewa (a Hawaiian
word). Origin of this quasi Satellite? 1) was a part of the Earth’s Moon,that
could have broken away 2) it originated from a yet undiscovered quasi-stable
population of Earth’s Trojan asteroids (Trojans are a group of asteroids that
share an orbit with a larger planet.
⇒ Science/Space Tech: A white dwarf is a star that has burnt up all of its fuel
and shed its outer layers. It is now under going a process of shrinking and

cooling over millions of years. Scientists have found a new white dwarf that
completes a full rotation once every 25 seconds. It is the fastest spinning
confirmed white dwarf, using magnetic propeller system (सफ़े द बौना �सतारा जो क�
अपना पूरा �धन समा� कर चुका है और �सकु ड़कर ठं डा हो रहा है)
HISTORY → CULTURE🗿🗿
- Culture: Vajrayana or Tantric Buddhism -based on the concept of
“mindfulness” or Dhyana -founded in India around the 6th or 7th centuries.
This became the foundation for Chan (Chinese), Zen (Japanese) and Tibetan
Buddhism. Tibetan Buddhism - significant presence in Mongolia and Russia
Kalmykia region. The spread of Buddhism, whether through conquest or trade,
also coincided with the transmission of secular knowledge from the Indian
subcontinent – like traditional Indian medicine (Aayush), manufacturing
(sugar) and the astro-sciences into these regions. China uses Buddhism for soft
Diplomacy over neighbouring countries. India too should develop Buddhist
tourist circuit for more people to people connect with ASEAN and Shanghai
Cooperation Organisation (SCO) nations. बौद्ध धमर् के साथ जुड़े �ए �ानों पर पयर्टन को
�वक�सत कर भारत आ�सयान समूह और शं घाई समूह के देशों के लोगों के साथ �र�े बेहतर कर सकता है
- Hindus across Nepal honoured their dogs on the second day of the five-day
Tihar festival.
- History Culture: foreign language influence in India. 1) names of three major
Indian languages come from “foreign” languages — Hindi is an Arabic word,
Punjabi and Urdu are Persian and Turkish words respectively. 2) The names of
at least 300 Hindu castes (for example, Khazanchi, Fotedar, Nehru, Naddaf,
Lohar, Bara Balutey dar, Kumhar, Kulal, Mahigeer, Peshwa) come from Urdu or
Persian. Noted Personalities- Al-Biruni (973-1050 AD), the great literary figure
of Islamic era and an erudite Sanskrit scholar, translated some part of the Vedas
and the Gita in his encyclopedic work on India, Kitab al-Biruni fi Tahqiq ma lial-
Hind. The fables of Panchatantra were translated into Arabic in 8th century as

Kalilah wa Damnah by Abdullah Ibn e Muqaffa. Firoz Tughlaq (1309-1388) was

the first to commission translations of Vedas and Puranas into Persian. Zain ul
Abidin, a 15th century ruler of Kashmir, appointed scribes to translate the
Mahabharata and Kalhana’s Rajatarangini into Persian. Akbar’s era (1542-1605)
assigned Mulla Abdul Qadir Badayuni to translate the Atharva Veda, Ramayana
and Singhasan Batisi. More than 10,000 cities and villages have Urdu names.
Several Hindu and Sikh community names are derived from Urdu. Poet Tulsidas
used several Urdu words — miskeen, mujra, ghareeb nawaz, mansabdar, razai,
saheb, sartaj, ghulam, etc — in his poetry. Jaysi’s Padmavat and the first-ever
Hindi short story, Rani Ketki ki kahani, were also written in Urdu script.
- History/Culture- globalisation impact on Indian society. In Ancient India-
Amalgamation of different rituals into a Hindu marriage ceremony, such as the
mangalsutra from South India, the sindoor from the Harappa, and the saptapadi
from the Vedas. In Modern India- wedding reception in western attire, serving
of food in buffet system, baby showers etc. copying from Western / Christian
marriage system. (िह�ू �ववाह-प्रणाली - अलग अलग इलाकों क� प्रणा�लयों का �मश्रण है जैसे क�
मं गलसूत्र द��ण भारत से और �सदं ू र लगाना हर�ा से। और अब इसम� पा�ा�/ईसाई तौर तरीक़े भी आ रहे ह�
जैसे क� शादी के बाद पा�ा� कपड़ों म� �रसे�शन-भोज। )
- Srinagar became UNESCO Creative Cities Network (UCCN). For culture and
creativity — crafts and folk art, design, film, gastronomy, literature, media arts,
and music Five Indian cities are already in the list — Mumbai (film), Hyderabad
(gastronomy), Chennai (music),Varanasi (music) and Jaipur (crafts and folk
art). Why Srinagar Chosen? 1) Srinagar, Ganderbal and Budgam are the main
districts of Kashmir that have for ages been involved in making handicrafts
products — such as textiles, carpets and rugs, crewel embroidery, silverware,
woodwork and papier-mâché. 2) Papier-mâché is said to have been brought to
Kashmir by saint Mir Sayyid Ali Hamadani from Persia in the 14th century. It is
based primarily on creating colourful utility and decorative objects using paper

pulp. 3) best-quality shawls in the world are still made of pashmina, the wool of
the wild Asian mountain goat. (यूने�ो क� रचना�क शहेरो क� सूची म� श्रीनगर भी शा�मल)
ETHICS, INTEGRITY, ATTITUDE FOR GS MAINS PAPER 4 (GSM4)
ETHICS � → COMPASSION, EMPATHY

- Ahmedabad- mob killed a (suspected rabid) dog & later taking out a procession
of dead dog’s body. Animal rights activist are doing Dharna outside police
station to arrest those killers. But community leaders are saying that it was the
right thing to do because of the menace of the rabbit dog biting children. As IPS
what will you do? �
Points to Reflect: � 1) If mob had suspicions of dog
turning rabid then animal welfare department could have been contacted. �
2)
even in self-defence if rabid dog killed, there is no justification for taking out the
process and this is not some bravery of winning olympics. Rather it
encourages/normalises the culture of cruelty towards animals. �3) Autopsy of
dead dog need to be done, find out whether it was really rabid? Accused persons
need to be called up to the police station. (भीड़ ने एक पागल कु �े को काट िदया और िफर मरे
�ए कु �े को एक डंडे पर लटकाकर उसक� शोभा यात्रा �नकाली इस पर पशु प्रेमी पु�लस थाने के बाहर धरना
प्रदशर्न कर रहे ह� िक भीड़ वालों को पकड़ा जाए। पु�लस अफ़सर के �प म� आप �ा कर� गे?)
- Ethics: Altruism: Karnataka fruit vendor Harekala Hajabba received his Padma
Shri for building a school for his village. He felt bad when he could not answer in
English tourist questions related to name of the fruit. So he decided the other
children in his village should not suffer the same fate. �
Points to Reflect: Thus
not necessary to have billions like Azim Premji or Bill Gates to be philanthropist.
Even ₹10-15 daily earning fruit-seller can also do it- depending on willpower
and ethical character of a person.
- Ethics: Civil Service Values & Compassion for the weaker section & need for
science: MINIMUM wage paid to brick kiln workers in Gujarat was Rs. 293 for
1100 bricks per day. Workers went to the labour department seeking reprieve.

Mahatma Gandhi Labour Institute conducted a scientific study to find out that
in 8 hours, a single worker can mould only 490 bricks! But government didn’t
change the number. Workers went to High Court. After 13 years legal-
administrative battle, the amount changed to Rs. 293 for 490 bricks. �
Points to
Reflect: � 1) there is dire need for the civil servants to have compassion for the
weaker section � 2) dire need for a civil servants to have scientific outlook
towards economic problems. � 3) When civil servants have habit of dodging
the responsibility by not taking action → � litigation in courts → more scope
/danger of judicial overreach. (प्रशास�नक सेवाओं म� कमज़ोर वगर् के प्र�त सं वेदनशीलता क� कमी.
गुजरात म� ईट क� भट्ठी म� काम करने वाले मज़दू रों का �ूनतम वेतन कु छ ऐसे तय �आ िक प्र�तिदन ११०० ईट
बनाने पर 300 �पये �मले, हालाँिक वै�ा�नक परी�णों से पाया गया िक एक मज़दू र िदन म� आठ घं टे काम करने
पर भी 500 �ट मु��ल से बना सकता है। जब मज़दू रोने इसक� �शकायत क� तो भी सरकार ने �नयमों म�
बदलाव नहीं िकया, अंत मेन हाईकोटर् से �ाय लेते लेते 13 साल बीत गए। सोचने के �वषय क� सरकारी अफ़सरों
म� सं वेदनशीलता क� कमी �ज़�ेदा�रयों से भागने के �लए �नणर्य न लेना �जसके चलते पीिड़त �� अदालतों म�
जाए→ अदालतों का कायर् बोझ बढ़ता है →और �ा�यक अ�तक्रमण का जो�खम भी बढ़ता है।
- Ethics: Compassion for Accident Victims: India witnesses around 5 lakh road
accidents and 1.5 lakh deaths from them every year. Golden hour is the critical
one hour period from the accident. If victim sent to hospital in this time, then
⏫ of saving life. But, due to harassment by Police, often bystanders do not
help. So, 1) Govt amended Motor vehicle act so that “Good Samaritan” is free to
not disclose their name to the hospital or law enforcement authorities; they can
also choose not to take part in any legal process involving the accident.“ 2) Road
Transport and Highways Ministry announced “Good Samaritan scheme”- if
person sends accident victim to hospital in golden hour, he may be given o a
reward of Rs 5,000 per accident. (An individual Good Samaritan can be awarded
maximum five times in a year- so that some people do not make it their full-time
occupation /play mischief). Problems in the scheme implementation: many
states are yet to launch the scheme on ground level. (सड़क दघु र्टना क� एक घं टे के भीतर
यिद पीिड़त को अ�ताल प�ँ चाया जाए तो उसके बचने क� सं भावना बढ़ जाती है लेिकन कई बार लोग मदद नहीं

करते �ोंिक वो पु�लस क� झं झट से डरते ह� इस�लए सरकार ने मोटर क़ानून म� सुधार िकया था िक यिद कोई
नेकिदल आदमी सड़क दघु र्टना पीिड़त को अ�ताल प�ँ चाए तो उसने डॉ�र पु�लस को अपना नाम बताना ज़�री
नहीं है और वह उस मामले क� क़ानूनी प्रिक्रया/के स सुनवाई मे हाजरी देना भी ज़�री निह हे। इसके अलावा क� द्र
सरकार क� सड़क मं त्रालय ने नेकिदल �� योजना भी शु� क� है जहाँ अक�ात के एक घं टे के भीतर ही
मरीज़ को अ�ताल प�ँ चाने वाले ��यों को 5 हज़ार �पये का ईनाम िदया जाएगा हालाँिक कई रा�ों म� यह
योजना अभी तक िक्रया��त होना बाक़� है।)
- Ethics: value system of urban middle class / urban feudalism: In Corona
domestic help, cooks, drivers, hawkers and daily-wage workers- their salaries
frozen, removed from jobs, forced to return to village. 2) middle class has
enjoyed the comfort in Corona because of the smartphone boom: E-learning,
online food and grocery delivery. 3) Being a citizen is a secondary act, asserting
consumer rights our primary profile. 4) India has to be swachh but that
responsibility is in the hands of the lower class and castes (कोरोना के दौरान म�म वगर्
क� मान�सकता/ मू� �व�ा म� शहरी सामं तवाद िदख rha हे �जसे ग़रीब और मज़दू रों क� परवाह नहीं)
- Right to Pets: Residents’ associations pass bylaws to prevent owners from
keeping pet animals in their flats. Kerala HC said this is against Prevention of
Cruelty to Animals Act and the principles recognised under the Constitution.
But such right to keep Pets cannot be absolute. Residents' associations may
stipulate reasonable conditions that must be adhered to by owners while keeping
pets (e.g. cleanliness, noise) (यिद िकसी हाउ�सगं सोसाइटी के �रहाइशी लोगों के सं गठन द्वारा ऐसा
�नयम बनाया जाए िक कोई भी �� पालतू जानवर नहीं रख सकता तो वो बस पशु अ�ाचार प्र�तबं धन क़ानून
और सं वैधा�नक प्रावधानों का उ�ं घन होगा ऐसा के रला हाईकोटर् ने पाया हालाँिक पालतू जानवर रखने का
अ�धकार �नरपे� नहीं है �रहायशी लोगों का सं गठन इस पर औ�च� पूणर् बं धन लगा सकता है जैसे िक जानवर
का शोरगुल और उसके शौच क� मा�लक द्वारा साफ़ सफ़ाई के �नयम)
- Urban Middle Class Feudalism: Bengali filmstar Prosenjit complained on
twitter to PM and CM after Swiggy didn’t deliver food on time. Some users are
mocking him for ‘first world problem’/‘elitism’ and so many Indians are
suffering from poverty hunger and malnutrition. Counter-arguments: 1) both in
the online shopping site as well as in offline stores and government offices-

consumer grievance redressal mechanism is very poor. Either you have to go

round and round / wait forever for justice/refund OR you have to tout
connection with some VIP to get things done. Ordinary poor people accept this
as part and parcel of life in one with it but filmstar may feel different. 2) On
Twitter, people write ‘open letters’ / ‘WOKE complaints’ on the slightest
inconveniences, then why should filmstar not have the freedom of expression?
(शहरी सामं तवाद: बां�ा िफ़� �ार ने भी प्रधानमं त्री और मु�मं त्री को �ट्वटर पर �शकायत क� िक कै से
Swiggy से ऑनलाइन ऑडर्र करने के बाद भी उसे व� पर खाना नहीं �मला. �ट्वटर पर लोग �नदं ा कटा� म�
लगे ह� िक कै से गरीबों को तो खाना भी नहीं �मलता और film star ऐसी �शकायतों मे मु�मं त्री और प्रधानमं त्री
को टैग कर रहे है। ग़ौर करने के �वषय- भारत म� �नजी �ेत्र म� ख़रीदारी या सरकारी कामकाज म� �शकायत
�नवारण तं त्र का कमजोर हे, बार बार ध�े खाने के बावजूद भी �ाय �मलने क� गारंटी नहीं होती इस�लए अमीर
लोग छोटी छोटी बातों पर भी बड़े लोगों क� �सफ़ा�रश लाकर अपनी सम�ा सुलझाने क� को�शश करते ह�। िफ़�
�ार के �लए शायद ये बड़ी सम�ा हो सकती है और ये उसका वाणी �तं त्र है िक वो �ट्वटर के मं च भी अपनी बात
रखे। )
ETHICS � → WOMEN, GENDER VIOLENCE, DISCRIMINATION
- Ethics- attitude towards domestic violence:the latest National Family Health

Survey asked question and then listed the “following (seven) situations” as
reason to hit or beat the wife: If she goes out without telling him; if she neglects
the house or the children; if she argues with him; if she refuses to have sex with
him; if she doesn’t cook food properly; if he suspects her of being unfaithful; if
she shows disrespect for in-laws. �Survey Finding: high percentage of women
who justify domestic violence are Andhra (83.6 per cent), Karnataka (76.9 per
cent), Manipur (65.9 per cent) and Kerala (52.4 per cent). Where North East and
Himachal lowest (15%). The most common reasons cited to justify domestic

abuse: showing disrespect to in-laws, neglecting the house and children।

�Points to Reflect: 1) When this kind of patriarchal mentality is deeply
imbibed in the minds of women, it is difficult to expect that even after the
existence of domestic violence prevention act the women victims will complain
to police. This emboldens the Kabir Singhs. 2) economic growth and educational
attainment is not antidote to domestic violence automatically- ELSE Kerala
should not have 52% women agreeing for domestic violence. (रा��ीय प�रवार �ा�
सव��ण म� आँध्र प्रदेश और कनार्टक क� तीन चौथाई से �ादा मिहलाओं ने घरेलू िहसं ा को जायज़ ठहराया है
ख़ास कर जब मिहला द्वारा ससुराल वालों का अपमान िकया जाए तो उसक� �पटाई अपे��त/ �ायो�चत है। यानी
क� आ�थक वृ�द्ध और शै��णक प्रग�त मात्र से घरेलू िहसं ा नहीं रोक� जा सकती है जब तक िक मिहलाओं म� ही
स�ा�क रवैया हो धूळ घरेलू िहसं ा के बावजूद भी क़ानून �शकायत नहीं करेगी)
- Ethics: METOO in China: PENG SHUAI, a professional tennis star, publicly
accused a former vice premier of China of sexual assault but her online post was
removed within minutes, Searches of her name and even the word “tennis”
appeared to be blocked. �Points to Reflect: 1) METOO originated as a social
media movement, but when social media itself is regulated with iron hand, it
becomes difficult to raise voice. Because Print-newspapers a restricted by their
word space limit, legal restrictions and advertisement revenue considerations to
air grievances of every single individual. 2) Economic growth and poverty
removal is not panacea to stop gender violence. Previously similar problem in
Alibaba company. (चीन क� एक पेशेवर टे�नस मिहला �खलाड़ी ने चीन के वाइस प्री�मयर पर बला�ार
का आरोप लगाया हालाँिक कु छ ही �णों म� इं टरनेट से उसक� वो पो� भी हटा दी गई और उस मिहला के बारे म�
चीन मे कु छ भी ऑनलाइन सचर् िकया जाए तो सरकारी तं त्र द्वारा उस सचर् को �ॉक कर िदया गया है। मी टू
मुिहम सोशल मीिडया से बढ़ी थी लेिकन जब सरकार ही सोशल मीिडया पर स�ी कर दे तो एकल मिहला अपनी
बात रख नहीं सकती �ोंिक अख़बार म� जगह क� सम�ा होती है तो हरे क मामले को वो छाप नहीं सकते। २)
आ�थक वृ�द्ध और ग़रीबी �नवारण अपने आप म� ल��गक िहसं ा रोकने का रामबाण इलाज नहीं है वरना तो
अलीबाबा कं पनी म� भी ऐसा नहीं होना चािहए)
- Ethics: Sexual Violence: Chemical castration is the use of drugs to reduce
sexual activity of rapist. It is a legal form of punishment in countries including

South Korea, Poland, the Czech Republic and in some states in the US. 2021-
Pakistan Parliament passed a for chemical castration of those convicted of
multiple rapes. �Counter arguments: 1) Jamaat-i-Islami Senator protested
against the Bill, and termed it unIslamic and against Sharia. He said a rapist
should be hanged publicly, but there was no mention of castration in Sharia. 2)
Sexual perversion is psychological and not necessarily physical so even if the
rapist (who is released from jail after suppose 14 years)- go to still abuse the
woman/child using steel rods etc. If there is threat of death/castration then rapist
may murder victim to avoid getting caught. (बला�ारी को रासाय�नक दवाएँ देकर नपुंसक बना
िदया जाए ऐसा पािक�ान म� क़ानून �आ पास इस पर �वरोध िक १) इ�ाम के अनुसार बला�ारी को फाँसी
लगा देनी चािहए २) यिद फाँसी या नपुंसकता का डर हो तो आरोपी बला�ार के बाद पीिड़त क� ह�ा कर दी
उसका जो�खम बढ़ जाता है तािक वो पकड़ा न जाए और दू सरा यौन �वकार िदमाग़ म� होता है अंगो म� निह
इस�लए बला�ारी ko शारी�रक �प से नपुंसक करने के बाद भी वह �ील के स�रए इ�ािद व�ुएँ द्वारा भी
मिहला और बालकों का उ�ीड़न कर सकता है)- LATEST UPDATE: - Ethics: sexual violence:
Pakistan has removed a clause from a new criminal law that had allowed
chemical castration as a possible punishment for serial rapists, after the Islamic
Ideology Council, a state-run body that interprets laws from an Islamic
perspective, found chemical castration un-Islamic. (रासाय�नक दवाओं से बला�ारी को
नपुंसक कर िदया जाए ऐसे क़ानून को पािक�ान क� सरकार ने कल पास िकया था आज रद्द िकया �ोंिक उनक�
इ�ा�मक प�रषद के िहसाब से ये इ�ा�मक �सद्धांतों के �ख़लाफ़ है)
- Ethics: Sexual Violence: Protection of Children from Sexual Offences (POCSO)
Act. Section-7 interpretation: Bombay High Court’s judgement insinuated that if
“skin-to-skin” contact with the child” not done then it’s not an offence under
POCSO act. But SC has clarified that accused predator’s “sexual intent” needs to
be seen. “skin-to-skin” contact with the child not necessary. when a stick, steel
rod etc is pressed onto a person, even when clothed, their sense of touch is keen
enough to feel it.” �Points to Reflect: Accused and Defense lawyers leaving no
stone unturned to free to their client ki engaging in such pedantic debate in the

courtroom about “skin-to-skin” touch not done to it is not POSCO matter! (ब�ों
को यौन अपराध से बचाने के क़ानून म�, आरोपी को सजा देने के �लए चमड़ी से चमड़ी का �शर् अ�नवायर् नहीं)
- Ethics: Sexual Violence: Standup Comedian Vir Das said in American show-
(that) ‘in India, we worship women in the day and rape them at night’. Social
media protests 1) making generalised statements about the entire country based
on some criminals. USA China too have poor record in protection of minorities
and women. 2) Previously Ex-IAS Shah Faesal tweet similar controversy when
he wrote Patriarchy, Population, Illiteracy, Alcohol, Porn, Technology, Anarchy
equal Rapistan! (Later on he resigned, protested atrocities against Muslims in
Modi-raj then after Abolishing of 370 praised Modi’s Mann ki Baat &
vaccination drive) �Points to Reflect: depending on the audience and
atmosphere (भारत म� सुबह म� मिहलाओं क� पूजा और रात म� सामूिहक बला�ार होता हे ऐसी अमे�रका म�
क� गई िट�णी के चलते �ं गकर वीर दास का सोशल मीिडया ने �वरोध। इससे पहले भूतपूवर् IAS शाह फे जल
भी एसी �ववािदत िट�णी कर चुके थे। � अमे�रका और चीन म� �यं म� मिहला सुर�ा और अ�सं �क
सुर�ा ज़ोरदार निह हे, जो वहाँ जाकर भारत क� खा�मयों का प्रसार िकया जाए )
- Ethics: Suppose a Women's rights activist has written following letter to the
national commission for women: “A SURAT court on sentenced to life
imprisonment a native migrant of Uttar Pradesh who raped a five-year-old girl.
The trial in the case was completed in 31 days. Because the police completed the
investigation very quickly and migrant worker did not have money /political
backing to stall the case. But same level of swiftness not seen in the rape cases
involving powerful men. Plz do something“ As the Chairman of national
commission for women rights what will you do? (मान ली�जए एक मिहला अ�धकार
आंदोलनकारी के रा��ीय मिहला आयोग के अ�� को ख़त �लखता है िक “सूरत म� पाँच साल क� एक ब�ी पर
बला�ार के बाद आरोपी प्रवासी मज़दू र को ३१ िदन के भीतर ही आजीवन कारावास क� सज़ा हो गई है। �ोंिक
पु�लस ने तेज़ी से छानबीन ख़� क� और शायद ये प्रवासी मज़दू र के पास इतना पैसा या राजनी�तक बल नहीं था
िक गैस को धीमा कर सके । लेिकन सामा� �प से ऐसे बला�ार के जहाँ पर श��शाली पु�ष शा�मल हो तो
ऐसी तेज़ी नहीं िदखाई जाती।” रा��ीय मिहला आयोग के अ�� के �प म� आप इसे कै से सं बो�धत कर�गे)

- Ethics/Bigamy: IAS Gaurav Dahiya was suspended by Gujarat government in

2019 because he is accused of bigamy (marrying second woman without
divorcing first wife & then dumping her after she gave birth to a girl child.
Separately, some newspapers also allege him of coercing/luring junior staff
woman to have relationship with him. 2021: he has written to the chief secretary
(IAS) please take me back into service because 1) I’ve done MBBS & MD from
AIIMS 2) I had good experience of working during the pandemic of swine flu. So
taken back to the job I will be able to help the administration during this Corona
pandemic. 3) even on suspension I am getting 50% salary without doing any
work! so better to take me back so I can do work which will be a better use of
taxpayers money! Question: what decision will you take the Chief secretary? (एक
आइएस अफ़सर को स��ड िकया गया �ोंिक उसने पहली प�ी को िडवोसर् िदए �बना दू सरी शादी क� थी और
दू सरी प�ी को भी छोड़ िदया जब उसक� बेटी पैदा �ई। ये स��डेड अफ़सर ने मु� स�चव को पत्र �लखा है िक म�
म�ने डॉ�र क� पढ़ाई क� है और �ाइन �ू म� आपदा प्रबं धन का अनुभव भी हे इस�लए मुझे अब वापस कोरोना
महामारी क� लड़ाई म� नौकरी पर ले ली�जए, �ोंिक म� घर पे बैठा �ँ िफर भी सरकारी �नयमों के िहसाब से मुझे
तन�ा तो �मल ही रही है तो �ों न मुझे वापस ले �लया जाए तािक म� देश सेवा कर सकु ! )
- Ethics/Cyber-stalking: Dy collector in Aravalli district of Gujarat arrested for
‘harassing and stalking’ woman for 1.5 years, he was sending the indecent
photos of the woman to her husband, minor-son, father-in-law to force the
woman to continue relationships with him. �
Points to Reflect: 1) UPSC/GPSC
Selection is no certificate for ethics and good character. 2) during the training,
officers are also taught about legal provisions against sexual harassment, gender
sensitisation etc. But, such training is also no remedy for person whose ethical
character is weak. 3) Role of parents: His own parents had advised him to stop
chasing this woman who is now married to another man but he was not
listening. 4) when woman does not take a stand against the stocking and
harassment it improves the morale of the stalker. Furthermore, having a
government job also makes him arrogant. Thus he reached to extreme stage of
even sending photos to minor son. 5) glorification and “normalisation” of

stalking and harassment in movies like Kabir Singh. एक िड�ी कले�र जो काफ़� समय से
मिहला को परे शान कर रहा था और उसक� आप��जनक त�ीर� मिहला के प�त और नाबा�लग बेटे को भी भेज
रहा था। है यानी िक सरकारी परी�ा पास करना कोई च�रत्र का प्रमाण पत्र नहीं है। इन सब अफ़सरों को मिहला
यौन उ�ीड़न के �ख़लाफ़ तालीम भी दी जाती है लेिकन उसका च�रत्र ही ठीक न हो वो तालीम से ठीक नहीं हो
सकता। जब मिहलाएँ इस प्रकार क� उ�ीड़न को सहन करती है तो आरोपी के हौसले और बुलंद हो जाते ह� यहाँ
तक िक उसक� नाबा�लग बेटे तक को वो तसवीर� भेजने लगा। कबीर �सहं जैसे ही चल�चत्रों म� मिहला उ�ीड़न का
मिहमामं डन - बाबूशोनो के िदमाग़ को भ्र� और हौसले को बुलंद कर रहा है
- Ethics/Polity: Death Rape vs Life Sentence: After 2012 Delhi gangrape case →
Criminal Law (Amendment) Act, 2013: It added Section 376E to Indian Penal
Code: Section 376E provides for death penalty for repeat offenders of rape. 2013:
Maharashtra SHAKTI MILLS Case- 3 persons arrested & convicted in
gangraping 1) telephone operator in July 2013. (2) photojournalist in August 22,
2013. Lower court gave death penalty because they’re ‘serial rapists’. But,
Bombay HC converted death penalty into life sentence saying 1) The law has not
prescribed mandatory death penalty. Although the gangrape is barbaric and
heinous, it cannot be said at the threshold that the accused deserve only death
penalty and nothing less than that. (2) Death puts an end to the whole concept of
repentance, any sufferings and mental agony. 3) the Constitutional courts are
bound to take into consideration the judicial mandate not by considering just
individual rights or the rights of the criminal, but to follow 'the procedure
established by law'." भारतीय द� सं िहता म� २०२१ िद�ी �नभर्या के स के बाद सुधार िकए क� आदतन
बला�ारी/ दोबारा बला�ार करने वालों को मृ�ुदंड िदया जाए। श��मल के स मे तीन आरोपीयोने पहेले एक
टे�लफ़ोन ओपरेटर लड़क� और बाद मे एक मिहला पत्रकार पे ग�गरेप िकया। इस�लए �नचली अदालत मे मृ�ुदंड
िदया गया था लेिकन बॉ�े हाईकोटर् ने उस को आजीवन कारावास म� प�रव�तत कर िदया है। �ोंिक १) क़ानूनन
�प से मृ�ुदंड देना अ�नवायर् नहीं है। वो मामले क� गं भीरता पर �नभर्र है। २) मृ�ुदंड िदए जाने पर आरोपी को
सतत �प से वो मान�सक उ�ीड़न और पछतावाँ नहीं �मलेगा जो रोज़ाना उसे आजीवन कारावास म� �मलता है।
- EthicsSports: AUSTRALIAN TEST captain Tim Paine resigned after
newspaper leaked story on about Paine’s 2017 sex-text messaging to a female co-
worker. Public is angry with the Australian cricket board for the sweeping this

under carpet for so many years. �

Points to Reflect: Previously Aussie cricket
board had done same thing with regarding accusations of match fixing and
sexual-harassment by star players. Because cricket board focuses on the income
from the tournament rather than ethics. As a result Captain could be feeling so
bold to harass women. (2017 म� ऑ��े�लया िक्रके ट क�ान ने मिहला सहकम� को अभद्र सं देश
भेजकर परे शान कर रहा था हालाँिक िक्रके ट बोडर् द्वारा इस मामले क� लीपापोती क� गई लेिकन 2021 म� जब
एक अख़बार ने ये सब चीज़ों का पदार्फ़ाश िकया तो िक्रके टर क�ान ने पद से इ�ीफ़ा। हालाँिक इससे पहले भी
ऑ��े�लयाई �खलािड़यों के �ख़लाफ़ मैच िफ��गं और मिहला यौन उ�ीड़न के आरोप लगे थे तब भी िक्रके ट
बोडर् ने िक्रके ट टू नार्म�ट से पैसा कमाने के लालच म� इन सब चीज़ों पर लीपापोती क� थी इस�लए उनके �खलािड़यों
के हौसले बुलंद हो रहे ह�)
ETHICS � → JUVENILE/PARENTING/SCHOOLING
- Ethics: Juvenile Delinquency : Highway rural teenagers throw stones on the

passing vehicle resulting in accident and damage to the windshield. Police is
having difficulty in a resting because the highway is very long and not possible to
continuously monitor it through CCTV/Drones due to budget funding
constrains. Superintendent of the police (SP) visits the village elders asking for
help in nabbing those teens. Village elders say 1) because the schools have been
shut down so these teenagers are passing time like this. Government itself is
responsible. 2) teenagers also go to work in farms near highway, they do not
have big aspirations in life so they're only bringing their frustration against rich
people driving luxury cars on highways. 3) if you arrest any kid from our village,
we’ll throw more stones/lock this road. As SP what will you do? (गाँव के िकशोर हाईवे
पर गुज़रने वाली गािड़यों पर प�रबाज़ी करते ह� �जससे सड़क पर ए�ीड�ट दघु र्टनाएँ हो रही है। ग्रामीण पु�लस
के पास इतना बजट नहीं िक CCTV और ड�ोन से �नगरानी रख सके । एस पी के �प म� आपका गाँव के बड़े
बुजुग� से �मलते ह� तो तािक उन बदमाश िकशोरों को पकड़ा जा सके लेिकन बुजुग� का ये कहना है िक �ू ल
कॉलेज बं द होने के चलते ये ब�े ऐसा कर रहे ह�। इनम� से �ादातर नज़दीक� खेतों म� मज़दू री करने के �लए जाते
ह� और सड़क से अमीरों क� गुज़रती गाड़ी को देखके उ�� रोष/ग़ु�ा आता है ये सब हमारे पास �ों नहीं है?

इस�लए वो प�र फ� कते ह�। अगर आप हमारे ब�ों को पकड़�गे तो हम भी धरना प्रदशर्न कर�गे और सड़कों पर
प�र फ� के और सड़क क� नाकाबं दी भी कर�गे। अब आप एसपी के �प म� �ा कर�ग?े )
- Ethics: juvenile Delinquency / Overfeasance- Police arrested 2 teens held for

throwing lit firecracker at petrol pump under IPC sections 285 and 286
(negligent conduct) and 336 (endangering human life or personal safety). Local
political leaders demand 1) these teenagers could even have been part of a
sleeper cell/Lone wolf attack so They must be booked under UAPA/Terrorism
charges. Because this could have resulted into a blast! If not, at least booked
them under IPC Section 308 (commit culpable homicide) If you do not do this
we will start protest against the police. 2) Parents should also be booked to set an
example to other parents to remain vigilant about their child behaviour. 3)
Teenagers said that they did it for fun and there was no other serious motive
behind that act. 4) Parents defend ‘these are just doodh-pitaa-babushonas, they
have played mischief because of excessive PUBG Video games, violent web series
like Mirzapur where rowdyism is glorified as “TASHAN” so this is not our
parenting fault, it is fault of Ministry of information and broadcasting. Look at
China they are trying to control such content!” As DCP what will you do? (दो
िकशोर पेट�ोल पं प पर जलता �आ पटाखा फ� क कर भाग गए हालाँिक CCTV फ़ु टेज के िहसाब से पु�लस ने
उनको �गर�ार िकया और उन पर मनु� क� जान और सं प�� को ख़तरा डालने क� धाराएँ लगायी है। �

हालाँिक कु छ �ानीय राजनी�तक समूह के पु�लस थाने पर आया है िक ये आतं कवाद, �ीपर सेल, एकल-भेिड़या
हमला भी हो सकता हे! आप इनको आतं कवाद वाले यू॰ए॰पी॰ए॰ क़ानून क� धाराएँ लगा�यए, वरना कम से कम
मानव वध का प्रयास ऐसी भारतीय द� सं िहता (IPC) क� धारा लगा�यए! अगर आप (पु�लस) ऐसा नहीं कर�गे
तो हम थाने के बाहर धरना द�गे � हालाँिक �गर�ार िकशोरों का कहना है वो तो बस मौज म�ी के �लए ऐसा

कर रहे थे वो िकसी को मारना नहीं चाहते थे । उनके माँ बाप भी पु�लस थाने प�ँ च गए ह� िक हमारी बाबू शोनो को
छोड़ दी�जए, PubG और �मज़ार्पुर वेब�स�रज देखकर इनका िदमाग़ भ्र� हो गया है लेिकन ये िदल से बुरे नहीं है,
ये िकसी को मारना नहीं चाहते थे। इस पूरे मामले म� आप DCP के �प म� �ा कर�गे?)
- Ethics: scheme awareness- A’bad Father from a lower middle-class family
chastised the son for not studying and playing PUBG. Son consumed poison.
Father takes him to to Jivraj Mehta Hospital bill is Rs.1.07 lakh. Father does not
have that much money or health insurance. A tout approaches him ke “when
you are not eligible for the Pradhan Mantri Jan Arogya Yojana because you are
not poor but there is a state government scheme launched for your Devipujak
community. So then your son's treatment cost will be covered by state
government scheme but you will have to pay me Rs.18k cut in advance then I
can get your documents processed fast and your bill will be cleared immediately
otherwise it will take years! Gullible father paid the money. Scamster ran away.
Similar incidents in other districts. As Health Secretary (IAS) how will you
address? (बाप ने बेटे को धमकाया िक PUBG मत खेलों और पढ़ाई करो तो बेटे ने ज़हर पी �लया,
अ�ताल का �बल आया १ लाख �पये। बाप के पास पैसा नहीं और �ा� सुर�ा बीमा भी नहीं। एक धोखेबाज़
ने उसे कहा िक �ोंिक आप इतने ग़रीब नहीं है िक आपको प्रधानमं त्री जन आरो� योजना का लाभ �मले लेिकन
रा� सरकार ने आपक� देवीपूजक समुदाय के �लए एक अलग �ा�बीमा योजना बनायी है उसम� आपको ये
�बल का पैसा माफ़ हो जाएगा लेिकन उस योजना म� आप का पं जीकरण ज�ी से करवाना है तो मुझे 18, हज़ार
�पये का कमीशन देना होगा और िफर धोखेबाज़ बाप का पैसा लेकर भाग गया। गुजरात के कई �ज़लों म� ऐसे
�मलते जुलते धोखा धड़ी के मामले पहले भी �ए ह�। �ा� स�चव (आईएएस) के �प म� आप इस सम�ा को
कै से सं बो�धत कर�गे? )
ETHICS � → IAS DILEMMAS IN DISTRICT/CITY/STATE

ADMINISTRATION

- Vaccine compulsion: Ahmedabad corona daily cases 4X time � so,

Ahmedabad Municipal Corporation (AMC) announced that it shall not permit
citizens to avail of public amenities and services without taking the second dose
of vaccine. This will be applicable on AMTS buses, BRTS buses, Kankaria zoo,
Sabarmati riverfront, libraries, gymkhanas, swimming pools, AMC sports
complexes, city civic centres and other AMC buildings. AMC Will deploy
security guards at the bus station to check the second vaccination ka cert. Person
does not have it then he will not be allowed to enter the bus! AMC’s stand is
“our healthcare infrastructure, oxygen cylinder and other facilities are limited
we cannot protect the lives if there is a third wave!” Suppose you are the
chairman of the national human rights commission (NHRC) and group of
A’bad citizens have written that it is violation of their basic human rights besides
these are these public assets are created the taxpayers money so they have all the
right to enter it Supreme Court or health ministry has not said that it is
compulsory to take vaccine so why are we not allowed to enter! अहमदाबाद नगर
�नगम ने बढ़ते कोरोना मामलों को देखते �ए यह आदेश जारी िकया है िक जब तक �� दू सरा डोज नहीं लेता
है तो उसे नगर �नगम क� सावर्ज�नक सेवाएँ जैसे क� बस-सेवा, ��मगं पूल, �जम, पु�कालय, इ�ािद म� प्रवेश
नहीं �मलेगा इन सभी सावर्ज�नक जगहों पर सुर�ा कम� खड़े िकए जाएं गे �ज�� वै�ीन के दू सरे डोज का प्रमाण
पत्र िदखाने के बाद ही आपको प्रवेश �मलेगा। मान ली�जए कु छ नाग�रक मानव अ�धकार आयोग को इसक�
�शकायत करे तो आयोग के अ�� के �प म� आप इसे कै से सं बो�धत कर�ग?े ✅CASE STUDY
ANSWER LAYOUT: I usually don’t give for following reasons2. If everyone
starts writing the answers dictated by the coaching teacher they may actually get
less marks if evaluators starts to feel copycase. (allegedly happen long time ago,
among Gujarati candidates writing Panchayati Raj essay in the UPSC exam

because their points were almost identical due to having studied under same
teacher not prepared anything outside his Coaching Notes.) You need to have
your own point as well. (सब लोग एक ही िक़� का जवाब रट के जाएं गे तो मा�र् अ�े नहीं
�मल�गे।)3. Too much spoonfeeding of ethics not good for ‘real ethical
development’. Your ethical outlook and conscience should grow and
organically. (�ा आपके िदमाग़ म� नै�तक मू� धीरे धीरे और प्राकृ �तक �प से बढ़ने चािहए। थाली म� परोस
कर नहीं।)✅INTRO- Link syllabus with Compressed Story- rewrite the
compressed version of case study linking with Ethics Syllabus- ORIGIN:
“citizens not taking vaccination and endangering the lives of others has become
a recurring dilemma/challanges faced by authorities/public organisations across
India” (लोग टीकाकरण नहीं करवाते है, �जससे बढ़ते कोरोना के मामले देश द�ु नया के सभी सरकारी सं �ानों
के �लए एक चुनौती बन गया है।)- In this case <REWRITE compression version of how
AMC prohibiting people from using municipal services if they do not take
second dose> (इसी प�रपे� म� अहमदाबाद नगर �नगम ने भी कु छ स� �नयम बनाए ह� �ज�ोंने पहली
ख़ुराक ली है लेिकन दू सरी ख़ुराक नहीं ले रहे उ�� सावर्ज�नक सेवाओं का लाभ नहीं �मलेगा।)Body1-
Stakeholders ki pipudi- AMC officers, doctors who do not have the resources to
combat third wave- unvaccinated citizens who’re too busy/arrogant to take
dose#2,- other Citizens esp. elderly, infants with weak immunity.✅Body2:
Action as NHRC Chief- Explanation to be sought from AMC municipal
commissioner (अ�धकारी से जवाब तलब करो)- Gain clarity over rules- if person not
ZERO dose will he get entry? But if he has not taken second doze then entry
prohibited? यिद ऐसा है तो ये ता�कक नहीं है.- lower middle class working professionals-
can’t afford from pvt hospitals. Free vaccine slots not easily available vs job rush.
They cannot afford to come late to the office otherwise salary will be cut.
Morning/Nighttime/Holiday mein free camps also need to be started. (नौकरीपेशा
लोगों के �लए देरी से ऑिफ़स प�ँ चना भी सम�ा होती है. नीजी अ�तालों म� पैसा देकर टीका लगाना महँ गा।
रात को भी मु� के � क� सु�वधा हो)- if a student is going for a competitive exam or job
interview and he is prevented from entering the Bus transport, then it will
damage his career. (सरकारी नौकरी क� परी�ा के �लए जा रहे �वद्याथ� को बस म� बैठने से रोका जाए तो

भ�व� बबार्द होगा )- some students preparing for the army/police exams where
running-test is done but vaccine may cause fever so they may not be taking it for
the time being out of fear. (पु�लस/ �मलेट�ी म� दोड क� परी�ा , और टीका लगवाने के बाद बुख़ार का
डर)- If posting security guards at the bus station, zoo, riverfront, gymkhana then
why not also post some doctors and nurses to give the second dose! (अगर सुर�ा
कम� ही लगाए जा रहे ह� तो �ों न डॉ�र/नसर् भी वहीं खड़े कर दो इं ज�
े न ठोकने के �लए)- Swimming
pool entry definitely cannot be allowed because even if person wear the mask the
virus may spread in water. (��मगं पूल म� तो क़तई प्रवेश नहीं िदया जाना चािहए)- If person
has taken first dose then he should not have any hesitation in taking the second
dose on ethical/religious/scientific grounds! (यिद िकसी ने पहला डोज �लया है तो िफर उसे
दू सरा डोज लेने के बारे म� कोई नै�तक धा�मक वै�ा�नक �वरोध नहीं होना चािहए)- & MANY OTHER
THINGS. Think and reflect.✅Conclusion:- Protecting Lives and livelihood
while protecting rights ki pipudi. (लोगों के जीवन क� र�ा भी करनी है लेिकन साथ के साथ उनके
अ�धकारों क� भी र�ा करनी है एसा बीच का रा�ा अपनाया जाए)
- Ethics-LATERAL Entry. 1) present in Union Govt. 2) 2021-Nov: W.Bengal
State govt seeks to rope in consultants via lateral entry for 50 posts in various
departments through lateral entry. The age limit is 35-70 years, contractual
salary ₹1.5 lakh-2 lakh a month. Benefits/challanges? 1) Read from governance
book / PDF material. � 2) existing officers apprehensive- “This will create
confusion and hierarchical problems because, in many cases, these consultants
will have more power and remuneration than the Joint Secretary, Additional
Secretary and special secretaries.” प��म बं गाल रा� सरकार ने भी क� द्र सरकार क� तरह उ�
सरकारी पदों पर अनुबंध आधा�रत पा��क प्रवेश का �व�ापन िदया। ३५ साल या उससे �ादा के अनुभवी लोग
उ�� सं यु� स�चव, अ�धक स�चव, �वशेष स�चव इ�ािद पदों पर कु छ वष� के �लए रखा जाएगा।
- GSM4- Bench vs Bar: Rajkot principal district judge came to know about
certain instances of lower is misbehaving with judges. So, he ordered all the
judges under his jurisdiction to record any misdemeanour by any advocate in a
manner not consistent with the prestige of the court”. Rajkot Bar Association
complained against such circular to the Gujarat High Court citing 1) this order is

disrespectful to the advocates 2) why doesn't the order talk about the
misbehaviour by the judges? 3) judge has acted unilaterally without consulting
the bar. This has the potential to sour the cordial relationship between the Bar
and Bench. As the High Court judge how many what does this petition? (राजकोट
म� वक़�ल क� बतमीजी ए के मामलों को देखते �ए िक मु� �जला �ायाधीश ने एक प�रपत्र जारी िकया िक सभी
आ�धन �ायधीशों ने वक�लों क� बदसलूक� का रेकडर् उ�� भेजना होगा। राजकोट बार सं ग इससे नाराज़ है िक
ऐसा �ों कहा जा रहा है िक वक़�ल बदसलूक� करते ह� जबिक जज भी तो बदसलूक� कर सकते ह�! हम से चचार्
�वमशर् िकए इस प्रकार का प�रपत्र जारी करना बार एसो�सएशन और �ायपीठ के बीच �र�ों को खट्टा कर सकता
है। हाई कोटर् �ायाधीश के �प म� अब इस मामले म� �ा कर�गे?)
- GSM4-Sports Redtapism: Indian Express published a report that Indian

women hockey coach Sjoerd Marijne, yet to get salary from Sports Authority of
India & Rs.25 lakh award from UP Govt. Afterwards Authorities said “Coach
has not returned the laptop so we cannot give the salary and if he does not return
the laptop we will file police case against him for data theft, since it contains
enormous amounts of critical data on the Indian players. This foreign coach is
tarnishing the image of India by complaining about salary payment in
newspapers!” Coach living in Netherland says he has already initiated the
process of sending back the laptop, which had “crashed” in the middle of the
Olympics. I brought it along with me to get it repaired but that didn’t happen. I
am returning the laptop, I have no problem with that. I do not know why they
reacted like this but I wish to make it clear that I meant no disrespect to anyone.”
�Points to Reflect: 1) The entire episode could have been handled in a more
civilised and sensible manner without doing drama in public. Because ultimately
no matter which party wins integrate the respect in public. 2) Typical sarkaari
redtapism/ bullyism about police complaint does not help attracting more
foreign coaches in future. After all, Coach could have copied the data in the hard
disk Anytime. 3) similar attitude in the government research organisation

regarding salary and job promotion → Braindrain of talented Indians. As

Secretary (IAS) in department of personnel and training (DoPT) what will you
do to improve the work culture in government offices? (भारतीय मिहला हॉक� टीम के
�वदेशी कोच ने अख़बार भी �शकायत क� थी िक उसे अभी तक तन�ा नहीं �मली और उ�र प्रदेश रा� सरकार
ने जो २५ लाख �पये का ईनाम घो�षत िकया था वो भी नहीं �मला. अख़बार भी ऐसे समाचार देख के अ�धकारी
भड़क गए और चेतावनी दी है िक �वदेशी कोच ने हमारा सरकारी लैपटॉप वापस नहीं िकया इस�लए उसक�
तन�ाह वेतन रोक� जा रही है! और अगर वो लैपटॉप वापस नहीं करेगा तो हम पु�लस म� �शकायत कर�गी. कोच
का कहना है लैपटॉप �बगड़ गया था उसको मर�त करवाकर म� भेजने वाला �ँ । सोचने के �वषय- पूरे मामले को
�ादा शां�त और प�रपव�ा से सं भाला जा सकता था। सरकारी बाबुओ ं के धाक धमक� और लाल फ़�ताशाही
वाले रवैये के चलते क�े �वदेशी कोच को भारत म� आक�षत करना मु��ल होता है और सरकारी शोध सं �ानों
म� भी तन�ा और पदो��त के मामलों म� कु छ ऐसे ही रवैये के चलते �वद्वान भारतीय देश छोड़ के चले जाते ह�.
का�मक प्रशासन और तालीम �वभाग के स�चव के �प म� अब सरकारी द�रों म� कायर् सं �ृ �त को बेहतर करने के
�लए �ा क़दम उठाएं गे?)
- GSM4/Case Study- Groundnut Procurement: Traders not offering good prices

to Groundnut farmers in Gujarat because 1) crop damaged by rain, it does not
have enough oil content to justify the Rs.5500/100kg MSP price fixed by Govt. 2)
Government had reduced customs duty on imported palm oil, soya oil and
sunflower oil in September so big players (food processing industry, fast-food
industry etc using more of such non-groundnut oil) 3) Russia China-again
Corona waves so they're Hotel /food processing industry importing less
groundnut oil from India. Farmers are protesting that government of India
should procure their groundnuts. However, govt facing shortage of funds. If it
tries to appease the farmers of Gujarat then it will have to reduce the rice and
wheat procurement from Punjab Haryana Uttar Pradesh- then their farmers will
start protests. Department of Food and Public Distribution shifted the ball to
Ministry of agriculture, seeking their opinion. So, as Agriculture Secretary (IAS)
how will you address this? (अब गुजरात म� मं डी �ापारी िकसानों को मूंगफली के अ�े दाम नहीं दे

रहे �ोंिक �ादा बा�रश के चलते मूंगफली क� फ़सल म� तेल क� मात्रा कम है। भारत सरकार ने खाद्य तेल
महँ गाई �नयं त्रण के �लए कु छ महीनों पहले आया�तत पाम तेल इ�ािद पर टै� म� कटौती क� थी, इस�लए बढ़ी
खाद्य प्रसं �रण कं प�नयां फ़ा� फ़ू ड उद्योग ग़ैर मूंगफली तेल का अ�धक प्रयोग कर रहे ह� �ोंिक वो स�े म� �मल
जाता है। र�शया और चीन म� भी भारत क� मूंगफली तेल �नयार्त म� कमी आयी है �ोंिक वहाँ पर कोरोना क� नई
लहर� शु� �ई है �जससे होटल फ़ा�-फु ड उद्योग ठप हो रहे ह�। गुजरात के मूँगफली िकसान क� माँग है िक क� द्र
सरकार द्वारा �ूनतम समथर्न मू� पर सारी मूंगफली ख़रीद ली जाए लेिकन सरकार के पास पैसा कम है यिद
गुजरात से मूंगफली �ादा ख़रीदी तो गे�ं चावल क� सरकारी ख़रीद कम हो पाएगी तो िफर उ�र भारत के दू सरे
िकसान नाराज़ हो जाएं गे। वैसे सरकारी अनाज ख़रीद का मामला है खाद्य और सावर्ज�नक �वतरण प्रणाली
�वभाग के अंतगर्त होता है लेिकन उ�ोंने �ववादों से बचने के �लए सारी फ़ाइल कृ �ष मं त्रालय को सलाह के �लए
भेज दी हे। तो कृ �ष स�चव यानी आइएएस ऑिफ़सर के �प म� आप �ा कर�गे?)
- Ethics: 1997: State government allotted land to schedule caste poor families in a
village. 2021: total 24 years passed but they could not get actual possession of the
land because 1) illegal encroachment by Bahubalis. 2) Opposition by some
villagers that scheduled caste colony should be located away from our general
area otherwise it will depress our land prices 3) Opposition by some villagers
that these beneficiaries are not actually the residents of State. They are
‘outsiders’, and trying to get land through false domicile certificates. As District
magistrate (IAS) what will you do? (रा� सरकार ने द�लत समुदाय के भू�महीन ग़रीब लोगों को
24 साल पहले ज़मीन दी थी लेिकन अभी तक उ�� वहाँ पर वा��वक �प से क़�ा नहीं �मला �ोंिक बा�बली
उ�� क़�ा िकया है, गाँव वाले उनके द�लत होने पर �वरोध कर रहे ह�, और कु छ गांववाले ये कह रहे ह� िक हम�
द�लत प�रवार को ज़मीन �मलने पर �वरोध नहीं है लेिकन वा�व म� ये लोग अपनी रा� के नहीं ह� दू सरे रा� के
ह� लेिकन फ़ज़� डो�मसाइल स�टिफ़के ट द्वारा अपनी रा� सरकार क� सरकारी योजनाओं का लाभ ले रहे ह�
इस�लए उनको ये ज़मीन नहीं �मलनी चािहए। िड�� कले�र के �प म� आपको कै से सं बो�धत कर�गे
- GSM4/Diversion: CAG found that Bihar government had diverted over 8000
crore rupees of SC/ST Scholarship funds for constructing roads, govt building

etc. � Points to reflect 1) what is this done to cover up the original corruption
/fund shortage in road/building? 2) does state government think that building
permanent Road/canal is more beneficial for all the citizens of the state compare
to giving subsidy to only a section of the citizenry? 3) UPSC asked a similar case
study on diverting Housing project fund for building SEZ. (CAG ने पाया है िक �बहार
रा� सरकार ने SC ST �वद्या�थयों क� छात्रवृ�� का पैसा सड़क �नमार्ण सरकारी भवन �नमार्ण म� ख़चर् कर िदया
है। �ा ऐसा �आ है िक उन अ� काय� म� �व�ीय ग़बन �आ था इस�लए पैसों क� कमी को पूरा करने के �लए
छात्रवृ�� का पैसा उधार भेजना पड़ा या? िफर क� �ा रा� सरकार क� प्राथ�मकता ये ह� क� पूंजीगत �ायी
प�रसं प��यां जैसे रोड �ब��गं बनाना पूरे रा� के सभी नाग�रकों के �लए उपयोगी है बजाय इसके िक स��डी
छात्रवृ�� के �प म� के वल एक समुदाय �वशेष को फ़ायदा �मले?)
ETHICS � → IPS DILEMMAS IN POLICE ADMINISTRATION
- Ethics: Case Study: in Surat, number of Textile/Diamond workers hail from

Odisha. Some unknown persons have distributed pamphlets written in Odia
language demanding 1) workers must stop going to factories until wages
increased 2) keep worker does not go on strike we will chop off his body parts.
Consequently the scarred workers stopped going to factory resulting into
business losses. As DCP (IPS) What will you do? �
Points to Reflect: 1) Ensure
police patrolling protection, CCTV to the workers in factory and in the
residential areas until culprits found. Why culprits not threatening to cut hands
of the businessman but of workers? Could it be a ploy of rival business groups!?
2) find the source of pamphlets. Any linkages of Maoist groups? 3) Also request
the labour commissioner to check into the situation of minimum wages in the
industry. 4) Ethical point- workers have legal right to strike, Gandhiji also
organised A’bad mill worker strike for �
in the minimum wages and work
conditions. But it was done in peaceful, non-violent manner. Here threat made
to cut hands/limps of workers if they go to work- Both criminal and unethical.
(सूरत के कपड़ा �मलों म� काम कर रहे उड़ीसा के मज़दू रों को िकसी गुमनाम खत से धमक� दी गई है िक तुम सब

लोग वेतन बढ़ोतरी के �लए हड़ताल पर जाओ और अगर हड़ताल पर नहीं गए तो हाथ पैर काट द�गे। डरे �ए
मज़दू र म� नहीं जा रहे, करोड़ों का नुक़सान हो रहा है। इस पर पु�लस अफ़सर के �प म� �ा कर�गे)
- ethics: custodial death/ compassion for the jailed accused- 1,888 custodial
deaths in 20 years, only 26 policemen convicted. �
deaths in 20 years is “not a
big number for a country of India’s size and population”. “But what is important
is that policemen use third-degree methods, inflict injuries on a person in
custody. It’s a wrong practice. �
Policemen don’t investigate custodial death
cases properly, they try to defend their colleagues, which is definitely wrong.
When a man has died in custody, the policeman responsible should be held
accountable and the police must ensure that he is duly punished. � Policemen
need to be sensitised and educated, and told that they should rely on scientific
methods of investigation and a proper interrogation technique. � Way
forward: 113th report of the Law Commission had recommended the insertion
of Section 114 B in the Indian Evidence Act, which puts the burden of proof on
the police to explain any injury caused in custody. (पु�लस क�डी भी अपरा�धयों क� मौत के
काफ़� सारे मामले लेिकन ब�त कम पु�लस वालों को इसम� सजा �ई है. अपराध क� जाँच पड़ताल के �लए
वै�ा�नक तरीक़ों के इ�ेमाल क� जगह मारपीट और बल प्रयोग से जानकारी उगलवाने के च�र म� अपराधी क�
भी मौत हो जाती है. क़ानून आयोग के सुझाव िदया था िक भारतीय)
- Ethics: Elopement- 13-year-old girl ran away with lover. Father and villagers
captured and paraded her after breaking her face and then forcibly married her
to another man. As SP what will you do? �Points to Reflect: � 1) Relocate
the girl to Shelter-home because difficult to imagine a positive living experience
in this village with the family- atleast in the short term. �
2) Arrest the father
and mob leaders because vigilantism is illegal and child marriage is also illegal.
� 3) Petroling near schools, pan-parlours to discourage Kabir Singhs / human

trafficking gangs from predating on minor girls. (13 साल क� लड़क� एक वय� पु�ष के
साथ भाग गई उसके बाद �पता और गाँव वालों ने पकड़ के बाल काट िदए, गाँव म� जुलूस �नकाला और िकसी
और पु�ष के साथ तुरंत उसक� शादी कर दी। पु�लस ऑिफ़सर के �प म� आप �ा कर�ग?े )
- Ethics: fratricide and suicide in CRPF: Home Ministry ordered platoons to

organise weekly ‘chaupals: “group sharing exercise’- global studies have shown
that people think of killing themselves when they find themselves unable to
share their thoughts with others. “If they get a chance to share or discuss their
feelings or their current state of mind, there is a possibility that such thoughts
can be controlled. But, male soldiers often do not share their worries even with
their comrades because they are expected to be strong, and keep their domestic
problems, illness, and financial problems bottled up within. → stress,
depression, suicide”. So, Once or twice a week, 18-20 personnel will sit in chairs
in a circle outdoors, perhaps under a tree.All of whom will be in civilian clothes
without mobile phones. “It must be ensured that no one laughs at or makes fun
of anyone else; rather every person is encouraged to speak freely, (सै�नकों से उ�ीद
क� जाती है िक वे हमेशा शौयर् और मज़बूत मनोबल िदखाए। अपनी तक़लीफ और सम�ाओं को दू सरों के साथ
साझा न कर� । लेिकन इसके चलते CRPF म� आ�ह�ा के मामले बढ़ रहे ह� तो गृह मं त्रालय ने आदेश िदया है
िक हर ह�े अफ़सर और जवानों क� चौपाल �बठायी जाए जहाँ पर वे गणवेश नहीं सामा� कपड़ों म� होंगे
मोबाइल फ़ोन का प्रयोग नहीं कर�गे। और काम के अलावा वाली अपनी �नजी सम�ाओं पर चचार् कर�गे, और
िकसी क� बात पर िकसी ने भी हसना नहीं होगा। और �व�वध वै��क सं शोधन से पाया गया है िक इस प्रकार क�
चचार् से �� का तनाव कम होता है और आ�ह�ा क� सं भावना कम होती है)
- Ethics: police corruption: 2018: INTERPOL’s Boss Meng Hongwei was asked
to return back to China before completing his four year term - Chinese govt
detained him for bribery. Now, Major General Ahmed Naser al-Raisi (UAE) has

been elected as the next chief of Interpol. (वै��क पु�लस सं �ा इं टरपोल का ख़ुद का मु�खया
भ्र�ाचार के आरोप म� चीन म� �आ �गर�ार)
- Ethics: Police officer values.- 1) an officer is required to have faith in the Indian
constitution and Indian judiciary but former Mumbai Police commissioner
Parambir Singh (IPS) who is accused and extortion racket, has been absconding.
SUPREME Court said it will not hear petitions filed by him until it knows his
whereabouts. Because IPS not appearing before court reflected his lack of
confidence in the system. 2) honesty and integrity: Mumbai Police
commissioner goes absconding in extortion racket - shows the unholy nexus of
police politician Mafia. (एक पु�लस अफ़सर को भारत के सं �वधान पर क़ानून और �ायपा�लका पर
भरोसा होना चािहए लेिकन मुंबई पु�लस क�म�र जो िफरोती के के स मेन भगोड़े घो�षत िकए गए ह� वे �बना
अदालत हा�ज़र �ए राहत माँग रहे ह� तो सुप्रीम कोटर् नाराज़। क�मशनर र�क का ओिफसर भगोड़ा घो�षत िकया
जायँ वह भ्र�ाचार के बढ़ते �र के �लए �चतं ा का �वषय है)
- Ethics: Policing Survey- IPF Smart Policing Index 2021 by independent

thinktank Indian Police Foundation. The five states with the highest score on
overall policing —— are Andhra Pradesh, Telangana, Assam, Kerala and
Sikkim. From bottom upwards are Bihar, Uttar Pradesh, Chhattisgarh,
Jharkhand and Punjab. The national average of satisfaction with the police has
been found to be at 69%. (पु�लस के बारे म� एक �नजी सं �ान द्वारा सव��ण इसम� उ�र प्रदेश और
�बहार क� पु�लस के बारे म� लोगों ने असं तोष जताया।)
- GSM4/Police Ethics in 1st World Countries: 1) USA accusation of racial

brutality by the White police officers against the African Americans 2) UK: over
2000 police man facing charges of sexual harassment/rape get only in 6% of the
cases any punishment given. Last year police man raped & murdered a woman,
resulting in nationwide protests. �
1) education and economic growth alone is

not a Panacea. Otherwise first world country should not be having this type of
problems! 2) Prompt action against the accused police man necessary. (यिद �श�ा
और आ�थक वृ�द्ध ही रामबाण इलाज है तो अमे�रका म� �ेत पु�लस ने अ�ेतों पर अ�ाचार नहीं करना चािहए
और इं ��ड क� पु�लस अफ़सरों द्वारा मिहलाओं क� यौन उ�ीड़न के �लए सु�खयां नहीं बटोरनी चािहए। तो ये पाया
गया िक इं ��ड म� हज़ार से �ादा पु�लसक�मयों पर यौन उ�ीड़न और बला�ार के आरोप ह� लेिकन उसम� से छह
प्र�तशत को ही सज़ा �ई है यानी क� दो�षत पु�लसवालों पर ज� से ज� कारर्वाई होना ज़�री है तभी उनक�
आचरण �ादा नै�तक और ईमानदार होगा। पु�लस द्वारा भ्र�ाचार और स�ा का द�ु पयोग के वल तीसरे �व�युद्ध
और ग़रीब देशों क� सम�ा नहीं है। )
ETHICS � → INTOLERANCE / HINDU MUSLIM / DESHBHAKTI
⇒ Banaras Hindu University (BHU) was founded by Pt. Madan Mohan

Malaviya, Annie Besant and others in 1916. 2021: Urdu dept published a on
Facebook with the photograph of poet Iqbal’s photo to celebrate Urdu Day. A
student union started protest, “Why doesn't this poster contain photo of
BHU founder Pandit Madan Mohan Malaviya??” Strict action must be taken
against the Professor who is the head of Urdu department, else we will start
student hartal and will not let the academic work progress. As Vice
chancellor how will you address this complaint? (बनारस िहदं ू यू�नव�सटी ने उदूर् िदवस
के दौरान फ़े सबुक पर उदूर् िडपाटर्म�ट ने ऐसा पो� डाला �जसम� शायर इक़बाल क� त�ीर तो थी लेिकन
यू�नव�सटी के सं �ापक पं िडत मदन मोहन मालवीय क� त�ीर नहीं थी। इस पर �वद्याथ� सं गठन और उदूर्
�वभाग के प्रोफ़े सर के �ख़लाफ़ स� कारर्वाई क� माँग कर रहे ह� तो आप उप कु लप�त के �प म� �ा कर�ग?े )
⇒ Ethics- Vigilantism: General Bipin Rawat said on TV program “J&K locals
are saying they will lynch the terrorists, which is a very positive sign...If there
is a terrorist operating in your area, why should you not lynch him?”
Separately National Human Rights Commission (NHRC) organised a debate
along with the central police forces that asked: “Are human rights a
stumbling block in fighting evils like terrorism & Naxalism? �
Counter
arguments 1) We shouldn’t encourage vigilantism/mob justice. It is the job of

police and security forces to neutralise the terrorist/arrest him get convicted
in court of law. 2) If vigilantism is allowed then merely on WhatsApp fake
news, face, religion, language- the mob could kill anyone. (�ब�पन रावत ने कहा िक
ज�ू क�ीर के लोग बोल rhe है क� वे आतं कवािदयों का भीड़ द्वारा वध कर�ग-े इसक� �नदं ा �ोंिक
आतं कवािदयों को भी मारना �मटाना सजा िदलवाना है पु�लस और सुर�ा बलों का काम /�ज़�ेदारी है। यही
�ज़�ेदारी भीड़ को सौंपी जाए तो बेक़सूर भी मार िदया जाए एसा डर)
⇒ Ethics-role of civil service: NSA Doval Speech: quintessence of democracy
does not lie in the ballot box. It lies in the laws made by the people who are
elected through those ballot boxes. IAS/IPS are the ones who are the
enforcers of those. Laws are not as good as they are made. Laws are as good as
they are implemented and executed with efficiency, commitment, values,
humane attitude. �Points to Reflect: child marriage, pollution, poaching,
narcotics etc. (लोकतं त्र मतदान पेटी के िड�े म� नहीं है चुने गए प्र�त�न�धयों द्वारा बनाए गए कानूनों का
प्रभावी �प से के अफ़सरों द्वारा अनुपालन करवाने म� लोकतं त्र है। और कोई भी क़ानून �सफ़र् उतना ही
प्रभावी होगा �जतना अफ़सर उसे प्रभावी �प से, �ढ़ता और मानवीय रवैये से लागू कर�गे।)
⇒ Vigilantism mob lynching: Vinod Salunke a 48-YEAR-OLD murder convict,
released on parole. He slapped a minor boy playing cricket. Boy complained
to mother, group of 15 women gathered. Vinodh was convicted for killing a
minor boy in the same area in 2009. So, women (fearing safety of their
children) attacked him with cricket stumps, bats and wooden sticks, & he
died. Police aims to arrest the woman but local crowd is resisting that it was
done for the safety of our children! As Police Officer what will you do?
�Points to Reflect: 1) Vigilantism is illegal. Arrest needs to be made. It is
for the court to decide the fate of those women. 2) take the help of local
community leaders in confidence, to make the arrest process without
untoward incidents. (एक ह�ारा जो नाबा�लक लड़के क� ह�ा के �लए पहले ही 2009 म� जेल जा
चुका था वो पैरोल पे छू ट कर अपने वतन वापस आया। वापस िकसी नाबा�लग िकशोर के साथ िक्रके ट खेलने
के मामले म� उसक� कहासुनी हो गई। इस आरोपी ने लड़के को थ�ड़ मारा। लड़का अपनी माँ को बुलाया
और िफर 15 मिहलाओं क� भीड़ ने पीट पीटकर इस �� को मार िदया �ोंिक उ�� डर था ये आदमी

वापस िकसी क� ह�ा करेगा। पु�लस मिहलाओं को �गर�ार करने जाए तो �ानीय लोग �वरोध कर रहे ह�
िक मिहलाओं ने जो िकया वो सही िकया �ोंिक ब�ों क� र�ा के �लए यह ज़�री था। पु�लस अफ़सर के �प
म� आप �ा कर�गे)
⇒ Case Study: Right to display food - Ahmedabad & Rajkot- municipal
corporators/councillers demanding that all street vendors selling non-
vegetarian food, including fish, meat, chicken, and eggs, as well as any
restaurants that have non-vegetarian food, should be made to cover the items
from public display. Otherwise it offends the religious sentiments of Hindus
and Jains who’re passing by on the road. On the other hand non-vegetarian
food sellers defend that if we do not display our goods then how will we get
customers? It is our right to business! As municipal commissioner (IAS)
what will you do? (नगर पा�लका के कु छ पाषर्दों क� माँग है िक मांसाहारी खाद्य पदाथर् बेचने वाले
�ापा�रयों अपनी दक
ु ान पर अंडे मांस वग़ैरह टांगकर प्रद�शत करते ह� �जससे सड़क से गुज़रने वाले िह�ू
और जैन समुदाय के लोगों क� धा�मक भावना आहत होती है इस�लए वो सब चीज़� दुकानदार ने भी
सावर्ज�नक प्रदशर्न म� नहीं रखनी चािहए। जबिक �ापा�रयों का कहना है अगर हम ऐसा टांगकर नहीं रख�गे
तो ग्राहक कै से आएं गे? �ू�न�सपल क�म�र के �प म� आप इस को कै से सं बो�धत कर�गे)
ETHICS � → LEADERSHIP
- Ethics: language of leader: TELANGANA CHIEF Minister K Chandrashekhar
Rao has threatened BJP leaders that he would cut their tongues if they don't
refrain from using bad language to criticise him. �
Points to Reflect: leader
must have spoken it metaphorical sense but the followers may follow it in literal
sense, justifying the need for violence and the order of the leader. Therefore
leader must always remain very cautious about his choice of words. तेलंगाना के
मु�मं त्री ने ये धमक� दी है िक यिद भाजपा नेता ख़राब भाषा इ�ेमाल कर�गे तो उनक� ज़ुबान काट ली जाएगी।
ग़ौर करने का �वषय ये है िक शायद मु�मं त्री ने प्रतीका�क अथर् म� बयान िदया हो लेिकन लेिकन अनुयायी
इसका शा��क अथर् म� अनुसरण कर सकते ह�, और िहसं ा को प्रो�ाहन �मल सकता है इस�लए हमेशा नेता ने
अपनी भाषा पर ब�त ही सं यम रखना चािहए।

ETHICS � → SOCIAL MEDIA / TROLL / JOURNALISM

Facebook launched facial recognition system (2010) that automatically identified
people who appeared in users’ digital photo albums. Why Bad? �1) USA
police arresting wrong persons who looked same �
2) Stalking of women based
on their photographs appearing in the vacation meeting Albums. �
3) China
authorities tracking Uighurs, a Muslim minority. 2021: no Facebook has decided
to stop the system and delete the existing data of Facial match algorithm (फ़े सबुक
क� फोटोग्राफ म� से चेहरा पहचानने क� प्रणाली भी ��यों क� �नजता का हनन हो रहा था और पु�लस प्रशासन
और बदमाशों द्वारा द�ु पयोग भी इस�लए फ़े सबुक ने इसे बं द िकया और पुराना सारा डेटा भी िडलीट कर द�गे)
- Corporate Ethics/CSR/ Social Media Tech Imperialism: Rudyard Kipling’s

poem “The White Man's Burden" (1899) proposes that the white race is morally
obliged to civilize the non-white peoples of planet Earth and to encourage their
progress (economic, social, and cultural) through colonialism. During the british
era, atleast the the officers and foot soldiers of the East India Company braved
malaria and dysentery and spent time in the conquered lands and made attempts
to learn Hindi, Bengali etc languages to converse with the natives. Modern day
Tech imperialist Mark Zuckerberg not even spending salary to hire vernacular
language professionals to remove the fake news and hate speech. The entire
debate about Facebook manipulating the third world countries’ electoral politics
is being debated in first world nations without any involvement of the citizens of
third world, as if it is “White Man's Burden" to uphold the democracy in the
third world! (तीसरे �व� के अ�ेत लोगों म� सं �ृ �त का सं चार और उनका उ�ान करना वो एक �ेत ��
क� नै�तक �ज़�ेदारी है!- कम से कम इस ई� इं िडया कं पनी के अफ़सरों ने भारत म� टू टी फू टी िहदं ी बां�ा और
�ा�नक भाषाएँ सीखने का प्रय� भी िकया था लेिकन आधु�नक उप�नवेशवादी माकर् जकरबगर् इतनी भी मेहनत
नहीं करवा रहा। फ़े सबुक मे �ानीय भाषाओं को जानने वाले मानव बल क� कमी के चलते �ानीय भाषाओं म�
फे क �ूज़ पर �नयं त्रण नहीं रहा। प्रथम �व� म� उनक� सं सदो म� सुनवाई हो रही है िक कै से फ़े सबुक तीसरे �व� म�
लोकतं त्र को जो�खम म� डाल रहा है हालाँिक ऐसी चचार् म� तीसरे �व� के नाग�रकों को बोलने का कोई मौक़ा नहीं
िदया जा रहा।)

- Ethics- start up tech giants and compassion for PH: USA Uber’s “wait time”
fees kick in two minutes after a driver arrives. Go to physically disabled person
cannot quickly enter the taxi within such short time and then they are required
to pay extra fees for wait time! So, US federal government is suing Uber because
it discriminates against disabled people. �Points to Reflect: when we surrender
ourselves to the tech giants artificial intelligence and robots such problems are
bound to occur. Even Amazon is accused of having computer system that if
worker take little bit long time in bathroom break then his salaries cut. (अमरीका म�
यिद ग्राहक टै�ी म� चढ़ने म� दो �मनट से �ादा समय लेता है तो टै�ी कं पनी उस पर �ादा फ़�स लगाती है।
�वकलांग प्रवा�सयों के �लए ये एक प्रकार से भेदभाव और शोषण है।)
- Ethics- Trolls on Social Media: Social media can too often be a cowards’ palace,
where the anonymous can bully, harass and ruin lives without consequence. We
would not accept these faceless attacks in a school, at home, in the office, or on
the street. And we must not stand for it online, on our devices and in our
homes.” So, Australia's Troll Identification law: 1) social media companies are
considered publishers and can be held liable for defamatory comments posted
on their platforms. 2) They can avoid this liability if they provide information
about Troll’s real identity so a victim can commence defamation proceedings
against the troll.” सामा� �प से वा��वक जीवन म� लोग एक दू सरे के �ख़लाफ़ बदतमीज़ी करने से डरते
ह� �ोंिक पु�लस क़ानून का डर लगता है लेिकन सोशल मीिडया म� गुमनाम अकाउं ट खोल िकसी भी �� के
�ख़लाफ़ अभद्र िट��णयां क� जा सकती है। इस�लए ऑ��े�लयाई सरकार ने एक नया क़ानून बनाया है �जसके
अंतगर्त सोशल मीिडया क�नी ने पीिड़त �� को उस ऑनलाइन ट�ोल ये गुमनाम अकाउं ट का नाम पता बताना
होगा तािक उसके �ख़लाफ़ क़ानूनी �प से बदन��/मानहा�न का दावा ठोका जा सके । यिद सोशल मीिडया क�नी
ऐसा नहीं करेगी तो उसी के �ख़लाफ़ पीिड़त बदन��/मानहा�न का दावा ठोक सकता है। यानी क� माकर् जुकरबरग
को बोलो क� थोड़ा हवा म� उड़ना कम करे, �ोंिक आज कल उसका रा�श भ�व� ठीक नहीं है, �सतारे ग�दश मे
है।

⇒ Ethics: Delphi AI: RESEARCHERS At Allen Institute for AI (USA), unveiled

new Artificial intelligence technology designed to make moral judgments.
They called it Delphi. Priestess Pythia (who is also known as Oracle of
Delphi) was consulted by the ancient Greeks. Anyone could visit the Delphi
website and ask for an ethical decree. �
Points to Reflect: �
1) creators of
Delphi hope to build an ethical framework that could be installed in any
online service, robot or self-driven vehicle (e.g. should the self driven car
allow itself to fall in the lake so as to prevent collusion with the incoming bus
that is having 50 school children?) �
2) Delphi is known to give ambiguous
guidance e.g. a] When user asked if he should kill one person to save an
other, Delphi said he shouldn’t. b] When he asked if it was right to kill one
person to save 100 others, Delphi said he should. c] Then he asked if he
should kill one person to save 101 others. This time, Delphi said he should
not.Thus, then Delphi-AI is not having a clear moral compass. It’s still
learning. � 3) Who gets to teach ethics to the world’s machines? AI
researchers? Product managers? Mark Zuckerberg? Trained philosophers
and psychologists? Government regulators? Delphi learned its moral
compass by analysing more than 1.7 million ethical judgments by real live
humans. After gathering millions of everyday scenarios from websites and
other sources, still sometimes it makes morally grey decisions. You can also
ask her questions through https://delphi.allenai.org/
(https://delphi.allenai.org/) (इस प्राचीन ग्रीस मे डेल्फ़� मं िदर/इलाक़े क� पूजारन/ भ�व�व�ा से
लोग अपने प्र�ों के समाधान के �लए जाते. अमरीक� सं �ान ने डेलफ़� कृ �त्रम बु�द्धम�ा बनायी है जो
��यों को नै�तक सम�ाओं के फ़ै सले लेने म� मदद करे गी। इस प्रकार क� कृ �त्रम बु�द्धम�ा को वाहनों म�,

रोबोट म� डालने से मदद हो सकती है। हालाँिक अभी भी ये सीख रही है तो कु छ बार अयो� जवाब देती हे।
इस �चतं ा का यह भी �वषय है िक इस डे�� को नै�तकता के बारे म� कौन �सखाएगा अगर माकर् ज़करबगर्
फ़े सबुक का डेटा साझा करके इसे �सखाएगा तो सम�ा। )
⇒ Ethics: Media Trial vs Journalistic Ethics vs right to Bail: NCB leaking
WhatsApp screenshot chats of film actress Ananya promising to supply
drugs to star kid Aryan Khan. This was selectively leaked in media at a crucial
time just before the bail hearing. Critics argue 1) it could put pressure on the
judge not to give bail because of the public perception against the accused 2)
Even if the person is innocent she/he cannot reclaim the reputation back. 3)
NCB not officially released them. This has been leaked to selectively by
insider. Therefore some of the media houses (NDTV) did not showcase the
exact screenshots. Question: if you are TV news channel editor will you show
case such spicy screenshots or NOT? (शाह�ख़ सुपुत्र आयर्न ख़ान क� ज़मानत क� सुनवाई क�
एक दम पहले ही पु�लस द्वारा मीिडया म� वाट्सएप चैट के ��न शॉट लीक िकए गए �जसके चलते १) सोशल
मीिडया पर जनता पहले से मन बना लेती है िक ये लोग अपराधी है और इस जज पर भी दबाव बनता है िक
यिद वे ज़मानत दे द�गे तो सोशल मीिडया जज को पसं द नहीं करेगा। 2) यिद �� नद�ष भी हो तो भी
हमेशा के �लए लोगों क� नज़रों म� बदनाम रहता है. इस�लए मीिडया ट�ायल से बचने के �लए कु छ �ूज़ चैनलों
ने इसे नहीं देखा यिद आप �ूज़ चैनल के स�ादक होते तो �ा करते?)
⇒ Ethics: Public morality & Media trial. After LPG reforms 1) girls talking to
boys outside their family circle is not frowned upon. 2) Woman wearing
Western clothes in movies, is not necessarily the Vamp. 3) more liberal /open
attitude towards drinking and smoking and non-veg food. 4) more liberal
attitude towards teenagers’ roaming in night, partying etc. 5) Normalisation
of swearing, adultery, homosexuality, Rowdism/gundaai/tashan in web
series/movies. Although in the SRK son Aryan Khan case social media is
going back to the regressive days, “Why Girl Ananya is talking to Boy Aryan
on WhatsApp about partying and drugs? and even if Aryan not taking drugs
still why did he go on Cruz Party without parents? this is bad parenting by
fathers SRK & Chunkey Pandey.” (LPG सुधार के बाद सावर्ज�नक नै�तकता क� मानदंडों म�

बदलाव आया है। लड़के लड़िकयों क� घुलने �मलने पर, पाट� करने पर, शराब धूम्रपान करने पर, पहले से
�ादा उदारवादी रवैया है हालाँिक िफ़�ी �सतारों के ब�ों के मामले मे सोशल मीिडया वापस �िढ़वादी
मानदंडो पर उनके आचरण का मू�ांकन शु� कर रहा है।
⇒ Ethics: Role of TV Doctors Misinformation- Actor Puneeth Rajkumar did
exercise in the gym then died in a heart attack. TV channels are full of
misinformation / misleading information such as 1) Young South Asians
(Indians, Pakistanis, Bangladeshis and Sri Lankans) are more at risk with
heart attacks than other races. This is statistically misleading because our
youth population is higher compared to other races. 2) Should every Indian
male over the age of 40 get tested for heart disease. → this is also misleading
because routine CT scanning or echocardiography are not advised in
individuals who do not have any symptoms. Such tests do not prevent future
heart attacks. It only increases the cost and may even result in some side-
effects. 3) Previously similar misinformation about Plasma therapy in Corona
(ultimately found to be not so useful) & Remdesivir excessive prescription
and shortage. �
TV channels pedal such misinformation because 1)
boosting the business of hospitals in medical tests 2) panellists are not
qualified to give professional medical opinion e.g. cancer doctor giving heart
advice 3) Anchors are recruited not for their knowledge but looks and ability
to shout. How will you address this as A) chairman of national medical
commission and B) secretary (IAS) of Ministry Of Information And
Broadcasting. (द��णी के िफ़� �ार पुनीत राजकु मार क� कसरत करने के बाद िदल के दौरे से मृ�ु
पर TV चैनल पर िडबेट के नाम पे आधी अधूरी �ा� जानका�रयां दी जा रही है। जैसे िक सभी पु�षों ने
CT �ै न करवाना चािहए, जबिक यिद आपको कोई शारी�रक पीड़ा नहीं हो रही है तो अनाव�क �प से
ऐसे ख़च� करने क� कोई ज़�रत नहीं। इससे पहले भी �ाज़्मा थेरपी और रेमडे�स�वर के नाम पर ऐसा ही
सामूिहक पागलपन/डर का माहौल फै लाकर हॉ��टल वाले ब�त पैसा छाप चुके ह�। कई बार इस प्रकार क�
TV चचार् म� शा�मल डॉ�र असल म� इस रोग के �वशेष� नहीं होते और �ूज़ एं कर को भी उसक� �ान या
प�रप�ता नहीं लेिकन ख़ूबसूरती और �च�ाने क� �मता पर नौकरी दी जाती है। नैशनल मेिडकल कमीशन
के अ�� के �प म� आप �ा कर�ग?े सूचना प्रसारण मं त्रालय के स�चव के �प म� आप �ा कर�गे? )

⇒ Ethics/Social Media: IIT ENGINEER from Telangana has been detained by

the Mumbai Police for allegedly threatening to rape Virat Kohli's infant
daughter following the cricket team's loss to Pakistan in the ongoing T20
World Cup 2021. He had created a fake id @Criccrazyygirl to send the tweet.
�Points to Reflect: 1) Innocent memes and jokes against celebrities is fine
but Obscene and threatening messages are illegal. parents, teachers, PUBG &
Mirzapur. 2) Kohli has done right thing by standing up against the cyber
bullying, otherwise such bullies never stop and feel for that motivated to
write even more obscene things. 3) social media intermediaries (Twitter,FB)
need to fine-tune their algorithms to combat cyber bullying. ४) did person
lose lakhs of rupees in fantasy sports gambling apps to become so outraged?
साइबर दादा�गरी- पािक�ान के सामने िक्रके ट मैच म� हार के बाद इस िक्रके टर �वराट कोहली क� बेटी पर
बला�ार क� धमक� देने वाले IIT इं जी�नयर को पु�लस ने पकड़ा। - �नद�ष िक़� के जो�, �मम से बनाना
ठीक बात है लेिकन धमिकयाँ देना ग़लत। १) कोहली ने पु�लस म� �शकायत कर सही क़दम उठाया बड़ा
साइबर bullies क� िह�त और बढ़ जाती है २) �ट्वटर फ़े सबुक वग़ैरह ने भी ऐसी आप��जनक चीज़ों को
सतकर् ता से हटाने क� ज़�रत है। ३) िक्रके ट हार जीत सामा� हे-लोग नाराज़ होते ह�, लेिकन मारने और
बला�ार क� धमक� नहीं देते तो �ा फ� टेसी िक्रके ट ए� के नाम पर जो जुआ/सट्टा लगाया जाता है - �ा
इस �� ने उसम� लाखों �पये गं वा िदए थे इस�लए इतना ग़ु�े मे आ गया िक मारने और बला�ार क�
धमक� देने लगा है?
⇒ GSM4/BLM: India-Pak t20- Team India took knee for BLM→ social media
protest that Hindu Muslim lives also matter. India-NZ t20- Team India did
not do it, what is the resulting in social media backlash that it is not sensitive
for the plight of the Black Lives Matter! (अभी गुटनेपे निह बैठ रहे ह� तो भी �ववाद हो रहा
है!)
ETHICS � → CORPORATE WORLD / PVT SECTOR
⇒ Ethics: work life balance- “antiwork” culture/ walking out of their jobs in 1st
world nations. A record 40 lakh people resigned in August 2021 due to low

pay, unrealistic deadlines, and bad bosses. They classify themselves as as “not
working” and “not looking for work. �
in USA and EU - the social security
net /unemployment allowance are high so persons can afford to do so. The
other spectrum- 11 lakh candidates applied for 10,000 Police Constable jobs
in Gujarat meant for class12 passout. (प्रथम �व� म� लगभग 40 लाख लोगों ने �यं ही
इ�ीफ़ा दे िदया है िक हम� कम तन�ाह और बदमाश बॉस के चलते नौकरी यही नहीं करनी है वे ऐसा कर
सकते ह� �ोंिक प्रथम �व� म� सामा�जक सुर�ा /बेरोज़गारी भ�ा प्रणाली सु�वक�सत है। जबिक गुजरात म�
दस हज़ार पु�लस कां�ेबल क� नौकरी के �लए 11 लाख लोगों ने आवेदन पत्र लगाए ह�)
⇒ Ethics: work life balance. Portugal has passed a law to prohibit employers
from contacting the workers after office hours. �
although in the Post-
Corona work from home in a multinational company spread across multiple
times zones it creates operational challenges. (पुतर्गाल म� ऐसा क़ानून बनाती है ऑिफ़स
घं टे ख़� होने के बाद मा�लक कमर्चारी को सं पकर् नहीं कर पाएगा)
⇒ - GSM4/Ethics: corporate ethics → shareholder activism: 1) shareholders of
Balaji Telefilms reject the proposal of raising the salary of Ekta Kapoor. 2)
ZEE company’s FDI investor Invests (American) trying to replace the present
board of directors citing incompetence. �
1) Activist shareholders can exert
the necessary pressure on managements to ensure optimal governance, social
environment and ethical responsibilities, and protecting the minority
shareholders interest. �
2) However, in some cases, activism could
constitute a subterfuge for certain investors to pursue private battles with
managements and promoters, leaving other shareholders caught in the
crossfire. e.g. Accession that Investco trying to replace the board of directors,
for helping Mukesh Ambani takeover Zee. (शेयर हो�र बन रहे ह� आंदोलनकारी/सिक्रय:
बालाजी टेलीिफ़ल्� म� एकता कपूर अपनी तन�ाह बढ़वाना चाहती थी लेिकन शेयरधारकों ने वोिटगं द्वारा
उस प्र�ाव को नामं ज़ूर िकया, क� कं पनी का मुनाफ़ा तो ब�त �ादा निह बढ़ रहा तो तु�� िकस बात क�
�ादा तनखा चािहए? उसी तरह जी कं पनी के एक �वदेशी �नवेशक ने भी काफ़� समय से आंदोलन शु�
िकया है िक zee क�नी के प्रभावहीन बोडर् ऑफ़ डायरे�रों को बदला जाए। शेयरधारकों का अपने
अ�धकारों के �लए इस तरह से सिक्रय होना अ�� बात है तािक कं पनी पर दबाव बना रहता है नै�तक �प से

कायर् करने का, पयार्वरण और सामा�जक मू�ों का जतन करने का । हालाँिक कभी कभी पद� के पीछे
मामला कु छ और भी हो सकता है जैसे िक आरोप लग रहे ह� मुकेश अंबानी के फ़ायदे के लीए zee क�नी मे
�वदेशी �नवेशक द्वारा धमाल करवाई जा रही है।)
ETHICS � → SPORTS ETHICS
1) Ethics: Racism- Ex-England Cricketer AZEEM RAFIQ complained about

racism in Yorkshire cricket club, how he was labelled as “elephant washer”,
“Kafir” etc. by teammates. Then critics dugout his 10-year old twitter/FB post
where is Rafiq had also made antisemitic (Anti-Jew) messages! Rafiq defends
"I was 19 at the time and I hope and believe I am a different person today. I
am incredibly angry at myself and I apologize to the Jewish community and
everyone who is rightly offended by this.”. �Points to Reflect: 1) those
who’re claiming victimhood at present, also need to introspect whether they
had been acting as a villain. U can’t expect others to be good to you when
you’ve been bad to others. 2) social Media whatever you said remains forever
in some digital archives. And can be dug out by critics and enemies at a
convenient time. 3) British cricketer Ollii Robinson was also dropped out of
the cricket team because of racist-sexist tweets he made 10 years ago. Will
similar punishment be metted to Rafiq? (although he is an ex-cricketer, so
cannot be dropped from the team.) (पािक�ानी मूल के �ब्रिटश िक्रके टर अज़ीम रफ�क़ वं शीय
भेदभाव क� �शकायत� कर रहा था तो कु छ आलोचकों ने उसी के 10 साल पहले के सोशल मीिडया बयान
�नकाले जहाँ वो ख़ुद भी य�िदयों के �ख़लाफ़ वं शीय िट��णयाँ कर रहा था। ये यानी क� जो ख़ुद को पीिड़त
बताते ह� उ�ोंने भी भूतकाल म� अपने आचरण के बारे म� सोचना चािहए। जब आप �यं ही दू सरों के प्र�त
बुरा बतार्व करते ह� तो �ों अपे�ा रखते ह� िक अ� लोग आपसे इ�त से पेश आए?)
2) Ethics: Sports- 1) Former Brazil Olympic boss Carlos Nuzman jailed for 30
years for buying votes for Rio de Janeiro to host the 2016 Olympics. 2)
Separately Qatar accused of hiring Ex-CIA agents to spy on FIFA officials/
find out bids by other nations/honey trap them to approve hosting of football

world cup. �
Points to Reflect: A nation pays bribe for hosting tournament
possibly because ministers interested to then loot tax payers’ money in
stadium construction (e.g. Delhi CommonWealth Games) ii) Minister wants
to project ‘hero’ image for election/populism. 3) desire to boost to economy
with tourism, ad-revenue. ब्राज़ील म� ओलं �पक मेज़बानी िदलाने के �लए उसके अ�धकारी ने
ओलं �पक स�म�त सद�ों को �र�त �खलाई थी ऐसे आरोप म� 30 साल क� सजा। एक दू सरे मामला जहाँ
कतर देश ने CIA के भूतपूवर् एज�टों को पैसा देकर फ़�फ़ा पे जासूसी करवायी थी, लड़िकयाँ भेजकर फ़�फ़ा-
अफ़सरों को मधु-जाल मे फँ साया था क� हम� फ़ु टबॉल �व� कप क� है मेज़मानी �मले। कोई देश �व� टू नार्म�ट
क� मेज़बानी के �लए ऐसे अनै�तक तरीक़े �ों इ�ेमाल करेगा? �ोंिक उसके नेता �ेिडयम बनाने के नाम
पर पैसों का ग़बन कर सके और चुनावी लोक लुभावन म� ख़ुद को बड़ा नायक िदखाने का प्रयास न हो सके
हालाँिक कभी कभी ये काम देश क� आ�थक तर�� के �लए भी िकया जाता है �ोंिक यिद कोई वै��क
खेल प्र�तयो�गता का आयोजन हो तो पयर्टन को प्रो�ाहन �मलता है।
ETHICS � → MISC.
1) Ethics: Medical: in nazi Germany Hitler ordered the medical researchers to
conduct Murderous and torturous human experiments on Jews & minorities
in the concentration camp for developing a Pure Aryan Race. At the end of
second world war, allied nations conducted trials on the nazi leaders at
Nuremberg, Germany (1945-46). The nazi physicians were also tried in the
tribunal. And outcome was Nuremberg Code (1947) for clinical trials. It
requires voluntary consent of the patient, no physical mental torture,
research should be for the good of the society (and not for developing from
X-man mutants). However even today the Nuremberg code is violated.
Chinese researchers conduct cruel clinical trials on Tibetan, Uyghur (mostly
Muslim) and Hui minority populations without obtaining their consent.
(िहटलर ने य�िदयों पर क्रूर िक़� क� �चिक�ा सं शोधन करवाए थे �ोंिक वो एक शुद्ध आयर्न न� पैदा
करना चाहता था। दू सरे �व� युद्ध के बाद नुरमबग़र् शहर मे �मत्र रा��ो ं द्वारा नाज़ी नेताओं पर मुक़दमे चलाए
गए ह� तो इन क्रूर डॉ�रों पर भी मुक़दमा चला था और मेिडकल �रसचर् �चिक�ा सं शोधन के �लए नुरमबग़र्
सं िहता बनायी गई जहाँ �बना मरीज़ क� अनुम�त के उस पर कोई �रसचर् नहीं हो सकती तथा ऐसी कोई भी

�रसचर् क्रूर नहीं होनी चािहए, समाज क� भलाई के �लए होनी चािहए। हालाँिक वतर्मान समय म� भी चीन म�
अ�सं �कों पर ज़बरन �बना उसक� अनुम�त मेिडकल �रसचर् क� जा रही है )
2) Ethics: Wrong to presume polio/physically handicapped persons are unable
to achieve greatness in life e.g. 1) Franklin D. Roosevelt- American president
who led the country during WW2. Had Polio-like symptoms 2) FRIDA
KAHLO, MEXICAN PAINTER had polio. Her 1949 oil painting Diego
auctioned for $34.9 million. (पो�लयो से पीिड़त लोगों ने भी महानता हं�सल क� हे)
3) GSM4/Ethics: Lilavati Hospital (Mumbai) trustees accused of stealing ₹45 cr
worth of valuables from the trust which were given by the maharaja of
Baroda. Previously Padmanabha Temple (Kerala) trustees in controversy
over missing gold from the temple. Points to reflect? 1) during the mediaeval
time and British time, Kings and merchants had donated large amount of
Gold, artefacts to temples/trusts. Many of it is still undocumented from the
public records. And therefore unscrupulous elements made to siphon it
otherwise it could be used for the public welfare. (लीलावती हॉ��टल के ट��ी और
पद्मनाभ मं िदर के ट��ी- �तजोरी मेन से �णर्/सोने के ग़बन के �ववादों म� फँ से ह�। म�काल और �ब्रिटश युग
म� राजा महाराजा और बड़े �ापा�रयों ने क� मोटी मोटी रक़म सोने जवाहरात दान म� िदए थे लेिकन उन
सबका सरकारी द�ावेजों म� �ज़क्र शायद नहीं है इस�लए इस प्रकार के ग़बन क� अवसर बढ़ती है वरना ये
सारा धन लोक क�ाण ने भी तो इ�ेमाल हो सकता था)
4) GSM4/Ethics: Priests’ Conduct- 1) The Kerala church bishops wield great
influence in the State’s politics and economy. Sometimes in controversy for
sexual harassment charges, land scams, collusion with political parties,
making communal statements like Narco-Jihad. 2) Tamilnadu some Bishops
trying to run their parallel medical colleges and trusts in personal capacity,
which maybe later used for augmenting the political capital of the Bishop. So,
Vatican instructed them that clerics are prohibited from conducting business
or trade personally or through others, for their own advantage. Clergy need
to stay away from holding positions in independent trusts and NGOs. (के रला
और त�मलनाडु के ईसाई समुदाय के पादरी नै�तक �ववादों मे। जवाब �लखते/ इं टर�ू म� बोलते व� व�

�ान रखना चािहए क� मात्रा र िहदं ू धमर् गु�ऑ के आचरण पे फ़ोकस न rhe। अ� धम� म� भी ये ऐसी
सम�ाएं हो सकती है )
5) GSM4/Medical Ethics: Mumbai Dr. knew that his wife had a fake medical
degree. Yet he allowed her to work in his clinic. While diagnosing any patient
wife would send WhatsApp message asking husband for guidance! Police
trying to arrest him based on this WhatsApp chat as evidence. Sessions court
has denied bail to Dr looking at the WhatsApp chat. (In separate case, SRK
son lawyers arguing WhatsApp chats are not admissible in court) (मुंबई म� एक
डॉ�र �जसे पता था िक उसक� प�ी का डॉ�र का स�टिफ़के ट फ़ज़� है िफर भी उसे अपने �ी�नक म� काम
करने देता था �ोंिक डॉ�र प�ी को वा�व म� तो कु छ नहीं आता था तो हर मरीज़ क� जाँच करते व� वो
वॉट्सऐप मैसेज से अपने प�त को पूछ पूछकर दवाइयां िदखती थी पु�लस ने इस प्रकार क� वॉट्सऐप चैट को
सुबूत मानते �ए �गर�ारी शु� क� तो डॉ�र प�त अदालत म� गया लेिकन अदालत ने उसको ज़मानत नहीं
दी इन वॉट्सऐप चैट को देखते �ए। दू सरी तरफ़ शाह�ख़ ख़ान के शौयर्�वर बेटे के वक़�ल बोल रहे ह� क� कोटर्
ने वाट्सएप चैट का सं �ान नहीं लेना चािहए)
6) Ethics- Quotation: “The time is always right to do what’s right”- Martin
Luther King, Jr.. �
Homework: Think of the cases and situations where this
is applicable ("जो सही/नै�तक है उसे करने के �लए समय हमेशा सही होता है")
🏆🏆PERSONS/PLACES IN NEWS (PIN) MOSTLY FOR NON-IAS
EXAMS
� PIN → PLACES IN NEWS

1) Disasters: Storm Arwen in UK
2) Geo-places in news: Myanmar- Buddhist vs Rohingya-Muslim clashes: 2017:
Rohingya start fleeing- previously Bangladesh kept them at Cox Bazaar
refugee camp now we are shifted to Bhashan Char Island- citing concerns
over human right
3) Geography: continents rose from the oceans about 3.2 billion years ago —
and that the earliest continental landmass to emerge may have been
Jharkhand’s Singhbhum region.. Because sandstones in Singhbhum are 3.2

billion years old, representing the earliest crust exposed to air. (पहेले पूरी पृ�ी पर
समं दर था िफर उसम� से ज़मीन उभरी वो सब से पहेले झारखं ड के �सघं भूम �े उभरी थी)
4) Odisha state’s only millet cafe in Keonjhar district Collectorate office with
help of the women self-help group to sell an array of milletbased food
products.
5) AN ANCIENT idol of Goddess Annapurna, brought back to India after over
a century from Canada, to its original location — the Kashi Vishwanath
temple in Varanasi,
6) Kartarpur corridor 2019: to facilitate pilgrims from India to visit Gurdwara
Darbar Sahib Kartarpur, in Pakistan. Indian pilgrims of all faiths and persons
of Indian origin can use the corridor; The travel will be Visa Free. But it was
stopped in Corona. Now it will be resumed.
7) Places in News: 10 Tribal Musueums at Ranchi in Jharkhand, Rajpipla in
Gujarat, Lambasingi in Andhra Pradesh, Raipur in Chhattisgarh, Kozhikode
in Kerala, Chhindwara in Madhya Pradesh, Hyderabad in Telangana,
Tamenglong in Manipur, Kelsih in Mizoram, and Ponda in Goa, भारत म� 10
जगहों पर आिदवासी सं ग्रहालय
8) Places in News: Big Ben: name of the big clock tower of Britain’s Houses of
Parliament (1859). In news because of restoration/repair.
9) Places in News: City of Luxor, Karnak, Thebes, Avenue of the Sphinxes, Way
of the Rams- associated with Egypt tourism,
10) Places in News: DEFENCE MINISTER Rajnath Singh inaugurated the
renovated Rezang La memorial in Chushul, Leh to commemorate the
anniversary of the battle of Rezang La during 1962
11) Places in news: MUSEUM of Prime Ministers, being built at Delhi’s Teen
Murti Estate, project is likely to be inauguratedon December 25 – the birth
anniversary of late PM Atal Bihari Vajpayee (also celebrated as good
governance Day). (िद�ी म� भारत के प्रधानमं �त्रयों का सं ग्रहालय बन रहा है )
� PIN → SPORTS

1) Sports Award: President Ram Nath Kovind presents the Dhyan Chand Khel
Ratna Award to javelin thrower Neeraj Chopra, the Tokyo Olympics gold-
medal winner.
2) Sports: Australian Open will become the first Grand Slam tournament to
require mandatory COVID-19 vaccines for the players. Djokovic not yet
vaccinated. ऑ��े�लयन ओपन टे�नस प्र�तयो�गता म� िह�ा लेने के �लए �खलािड़यों ने अ�नवायर् �प से
कोरोना िटका लगवाना होगा। यह ऐसी पहली टे�नस प्र�तयो�गता है जहाँ पर िटका अ�नवायर् है।
3) Sports: Australian Open will become the first Grand Slam tournament to
require mandatory COVID-19 vaccines for the players. Djokovic not yet
vaccinated. ऑ��े�लयन ओपन टे�नस प्र�तयो�गता म� िह�ा लेने के �लए �खलािड़यों ने अ�नवायर् �प से
कोरोना िटका लगवाना होगा। यह ऐसी पहली टे�नस प्र�तयो�गता है जहाँ पर िटका अ�नवायर् है।
4) Sports: T20 World Cup at UAE won by Aussies against NZ.
5) Sports: Winter Olympics 2014 @Sochi in Russia. 2022-Feb @Beijing,China.
US President likely to boycott for human rights violation. अगला शीत ओलं �पक चीन
म� होगा �पछला �स म� �आ था
� PIN → BOOKS/ AWARDS /
APPOINTMENTS/ACHIEVEMENTS
1) Appointment: German Chancellor: OLAF SCHOLZ will replace: Angela
Merkel.
2) Appointment: Navy Admiral: R Hari Kumar will replace Admiral Karambir
Singh
3) Appointment: SC collegium recommended appointment of Saurabh Kirpal as
Delhi HC judge. If/When appointed, he’ll be India’s first openly gay judge.
(भारत के सवर्प्रथम समल��गक �ायाधीश)
4) Appointment: Sweden gets 1st woman PM Magdalena Andersson. But had to
resign within 12 hours because of coalition government crisis.
5) FUMIO KISHIDA was reelected as Japan's prime minister
6) PIN/Appointment: TWITTER’S CEO Jack Dorsey to be replaced by Parag
Agrawal,of IIT-Bombay.

7) Rahul Dravid, who was appointed the new head coach of the Indian team.
8) Sports: Ganguly appointed as ICC Cricket's Committee chairman replacing
Anil Kumble,
9) Award: Falguni Nayar becomes the second richest Indian businesswoman
after Savitri Jindal. She founded Nykaa e-commerce business dealing with
beauty-fashion products.
10) Award: France Pantheon monument: it is dedicated to the most revered
persons of France. Govt added Josephine Baker — Missouri-born cabaret
dancer, French World War II spy and civil rights activist. She is the first black
woman
11) Award: Vande Bharat Express from Delhi to Katra - to have only veg food
and non-animal-fat based soaps IRCTC can get Sattvik certificate from NGO
Sattvic Council of India. IRCTC has decided to go for such certification for
some of the trains that go to “holy” destinations, starting with the Vande
Bharat to Sri Mata Vaishno Devi, Katra, in J&K. धा�मक तीथर् �ानों पर जाने वाली
अ��रथ मे के वल शाकाहारी खाना और शाकाहारी साबुन परोसकर रे लवे क� कं पनी सा��क प्रमाण पत्र
हा�सल करना चाहती है
12) Awards: International Film Festival of India 2021, Goa. Indian Film
Personality of the Year award to 1) ACTOR AND BJP leader Hema Malini, 2)
lyricist and former CBFC chief Prasoon Joshi
13) Awards: schedule tribe Indians who achieved greatness: Tulasi Gowda
(environmentalist Karnataka Padma Award), Rahibai Soma Popere ( Seed
conservation, Maharashtra, Padma Award) and Lakshmikutty (traditional
medicine Kerala, Padma Aaward). Separately various achievements in Sports:
Dutee Chand, Mary Kom, Bhaichung Bhutia, Deepika Kumari, Thonakal
Gopi and Lalremsiami. अनुसू�चत जनजाती समुदाय के कु छ लोग �ज�ोंने उ�ृ � कायर् िकए ह�।
14) Indira Gandhi Prize for Peace, Disarmament and Development 2021 to be
given to Pratham, the NGO working to expand the scope for education in
India, & associated with conducting ASER survey.

15) Janjatiya Gaurav Divas- celebrated on 15th Nov, the birth anniversary of
Bhagwan Birsa Munda. Born on November 15, 1875, in Ulihatu village in
present-day Jharkhand. During the 1880s, Birsa closely witnessed the Sardari
Larai movement in the region, which demanded the restoration of tribal
rights through non-violent methods like sending petitions to the Raj.
However, the oppressive colonial regime paid no heed to these demands. The
feudal setup intensified the forced labour (veth bigari) in the forested tribal
areas. he was captured by British police and lodged in jail, where he died in
captivity on June 9, 1900. But Bhagwan Birsa Munda’s spirited struggle did
not go in vain. It compelled the British to take cognisance of the plight and
exploitation of tribals, and bring in the Chhota Nagpur Tenancy Act of 1908
for their protection. This Act restricted the transfer of tribal land to non-
tribals, giving Adivasis a huge relief and became a landmark legislation for
the protection of tribal rights. भगवान �बरसा मुंडा के ज�िदवस को जनजातीय गौरव िदवस के
�प म� मनाया जा रहा है। अपने युवा वष� म� उ�� देखा िक सरदारी लड़ाई नामक एक मुिहम म� अिहसं ा द्वारा
एक �ब्रिटश �कू मत को ये मनाने क� को�शश हो रही थी क� आिदवासी जमीन अ�धकारों क� र�ा हो,
सा�कारों का शोषण बं द हो लेिकन कोई नतीजा न �नकलने पर क्रां�तकारी रवैया अपनाना पड़ा।
16) Journalists Maria Ressa and Dmitry Muratov, who braved the wrath of the
leaders of the Philippines and Russia to expose corruption and misrule, won
the Nobel Peace Prize 2021
17) Nobel Peace Prize is awarded in Oslo, Norway (no lockdown, so �

winners can get it physically). Other Nobel prizes are awarded in Stockholm,
Sweden ( � physical ceremony cancelled because of Corona).
18) Padma Vibhushan 2021: (7)- Shri Shinzo Abe - Public Affairs - Japan, Shri
S P Balasubramaniam (Posthumous) - Art - Tamil Nadu, Dr. Belle Monappa
Hegde - Medicine - Karnataka, Shri Narinder Singh Kapany (Posthumous) -
Science and Engineering - United States of America, Maulana Wahiduddin
Khan - Others - Spiritualism - Delhi, Shri B. B. Lal Others - Archaeology
(RamJanma Bhoomi) - Delhi, Shri Sudarshan Sahoo - Art - Odisha

19) padmashree 2021: Matha B Manjamma Jogati, a transgender folk dancer

from Karnataka
20) PRESIDENT RAM Nath Kovind presented the Padma awards-2020 on
Monday and 2021. 2020’s list comprises seven Padma Vibhushans, 10 Padma
Bhushans and 102 Padma Shri awards. Among the personalities awarded the
Padma Vibhushan were BJP stalwarts Arun Jaitley and Sushma Swaraj,
former Union minister George Fernandes (all posthumously), and
Hindustani classical singer Pandit Chhannulal Mishra. Badminton player P V
Sindhu won the Padma Bhushan award, along with Dr Anil Prakash Joshi for
social work, Dr S C Jamir for public affairs and Mumtaz Ali for spiritualism.
21) Book: ‘Going Viral’, a book on the making of Bharat Biotech’s Covaxin,
by Dr Balram Bhargava.
22) Book: Manish Tewari Congress leader: In his book 10 Flashpoints; 20
Years, said that India should have acted strongly against Pakistan after the
terror attacks 26/11.
23) Book: Marriage: 100 Stories Around India’s Favourite Ritual, by Devdutt
Pattanaik
24) Book: Malayalam author Mukundan wins JCB Book Prize for his book
Delhi: A Soliloquy. It is is the third translated Malayalam book to win the JCB
Book Prize. Previously, S Hareesh won for his book Moustache in 2020.
25) Book: Salman Khurshid’s book, Sunrise over Ayodhya Nationhood in our
Times
26) Wang Yaping becomes 1st Chinese woman to spacewalk from Chinese
space station module named Tianhe and spent 6.5 hours outside in the Space.
� PIN → DEATH
1) Death of South African leader F.W. de Klerk, who along with Nelson
Mandela got Nobel Peace Prize in 1994.
2) Death: British Indian celebrity chef Gurpareet Bains dies at 43

3) Death: Hindi novelist, professor, Mannu Bhandari from Madhya Pradesh.

She was Associated with the ‘Nayi Kahaani’ movement that dominated Hindi
literature in a newly independent India, Mannu Bhandari's novels, Aapka
Bunty, Mahabhoj and stories such as Ek Plate Sailab, Teen Nigahon Ki Ek
Tasvir, Trishanku, and Aankhon Dekha Jhooth, spoke about middle class and
individualism. Some of her books were made into movies- Rajnigandha
(1974) and Swami (1977) were based. Her father Sukhsampat Rai was a
freedom fighter who put together one of the first English to Hindi and
English to Marathi dictionaries. िह�ी उप�ासकार का �नधन के
4) Death: NOVY KAPADIA- Football Journalist, author, commentator
5) Death: Renowned Punjabi folk singer Gurmeet Bawa, popularly known as
‘lambi hek di Mallika’, died. She was best known for her 45-second hek (the
alaap during the opening of a song) — considered the longest ever by any
Punjabi folk singer. She was awarded with Sangeet Puraskar by the Punjab
Natak Akademi, the national Devi Ahilya Award by the Madhya Pradesh
government and the Shiromani Gayika Award by the Punjabi Language
Department. (पं जाब क� मश�र लोकगा�यका का देहांत �ज�� म� पुर�ार �मले ह�)
6) Death: ROHINI NAYYAR- rural development economist, former principal
adviser at the erstwhile Planning Commission.
7) Death: Salem Nanjudaiah Subba Rao from Karnataka. Gandhian, arrested
during the quit India movement. famous for his ‘Shramdan’ (voluntary
contribution of labour), surrender of Chambal Decoits. Died in Rajasthan.
GPSC / GUJARAT STATE SERVICE EXAM
1) GPSC: Gujarat government's ScHeme Of Developing High Quality Research
(SHODH) scheme for research scholars where financial assistance of Rs 4
lakh for two years will be provided. 2021- organic natural farming related
research also eligible.
2) GPSC: Gujarat Scheduled Castes, Scheduled Tribes and Other Backward
Classes (Regulation of Issuance and Verification of Caste Certificates) Act,

2018→A person holding an ST certificate is required to get it verified by a

Scrutiny Committee appointed by the state government while applying for
admission in educational institutes, for government job, or filing nomination
for election under the ST quota. However 2021: Government has given
exemption for Panchayat election and up to class 10 admission.
3) GPSC: Niwaas MARATHI film, written and directed by a Gujarati Dalit
youth, Mehul Agaja, has been selected in 52nd edition of the prestigious
International Film Festival of India (IFFI, Goa).
4) GPSC: pravaasi shikshak (visiting teachers) to overcome the shortage of
nearly 4,000 secondary and higher secondary teachers in the wake of mass
promotion of students.
5) GPSC: World Bank-funded Mission Schools of Excellence project to improve
School at infrastructure in Gujarat. 3000 schools selected.
6) GPSC/StatePSC: GUJARAT government has decided to launch 'Niramay
Gujarat Yojana' to screen and protect people above 30 years from non-
communicable diseases, like high blood pressure, heart attack, paralysis,
cancer, renal diseases, anaemia, diabetes, etc, is more than communicable
diseases। ग़ैर सं क्रामक रोगों क� जाँच के �लए रा� सरकार क� योजना उ�र

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Links to my Website: Youtube: Telegram: Facebook: Twitter Unacademy Courses

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13.8 Polity � → Pressure-Groups ............................................................. 70

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18.9 Ethics � → Corporate World / Pvt Sector .................................... 128

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WHY IS IT NOT AS “EXHAUSTIVE”/”COMPREHENSIVE” AS

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You’ll find free registration Link at https://Mrunal.org/Current ( �Unlock

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� MRUNAL’S ECONOMY COURSE FOR UPSC PRELIMS & MAINS

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⇒ 📡📡Registration Link: https://unacademy.com/@mrunal.org

⇒ EcoPill1A1-Digital Payments: Collins Dictionary’s “Word of the Year” for

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⇒ EcoPill1A1-Digital Payments: RBI wants amendment in Reserve Bank of

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Regulatory Organisation (SRO). Money must be transferred from lender to

⇒ Money- Bitcoin: RBI Governor Shaktikanta Das says cryptocurrencies

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⇒ EcoPill1B2:Bad Loans: Crossborder Insolvency: IBC Code 2016- currently

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⇒ FINANCE Ministry’s staff accountability framework for NPA (non-

⇒ RESERVE Bank’s Prompt Corrective Action (PCA) framework: to supervise

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on assets” is removed). 2) Payments banks and small finance banks (SFBs)

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⇒ � � � � � HOME MINISTER Amit Shah launched Ayushmaan CAPF

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⇒ EcoPill2-Budget Taxation: An inverted duty structure in GST arises when the

⇒ EcoPill2-Budget Taxation: Indian govt levies 2% equalisation levy / google

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⇒ EcoPill2-Budget: Fiscal Challenge: SC ordered COVID Ex gratia Rs 50,000 to

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⇒ EcoPill2-Budget Taxation: public finance management challenges: 1) �

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⇒ � � � � � INCOME Tax Department has rolled out a new Annual

⇒ EcoPill2-BoP/Intl-Trade: GSP (Generalized System of Preferences) it is an

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⇒ EcoPill3-BoP/Intl-Trade: WORLD Trade Organization (WTO) ministerial

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⇒ � � � � � International Financial Services Centres Authority (IFSCA)

o EcoPil4A-Agro: PM Modi to repeal three farm laws 1) The Farmers Produce

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supported farmers. � Way forward: � Modi government can ask BJP-

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inflation from middlemen commissions. 3) The latest Situation Assessment

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o EcoPil4A-Agro: TRIBAL district of Dangs in Gujarat will formally be

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o EcoPil4C-GDP/Inflation/Unemployment: Wage Rate Index (WRI) prepared

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o � � � � � e-Shram portal — the country’s first centralised database of

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GST, enhanced digitalisation, and demonetisation, says SBI report, although

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corruption in mining rights allocation, environment damage. So for the last