BEST PRACTICES &

CASE STUDIES
Part of MAINS CONTENT
BOOSTER Program

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 Best Practices & Case Studies

INDEX
1. POLITY 3
2. GOVERNANCE 5
3. SOCIAL JUSTICE 9
4. ECONOMY 19
5. ENVIRONMENT 24

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 Best Practices & Case Studies
POLITY
CENTRE-STATE RELATIONS(FEDERALISM)
• GST: It is the best example of cooperative federalism as the Centre and States agreed to have
concurrent power to tax goods and services. Both the Centre and the States agreed to share
their powers to achieve uniformity and remove compartmentalization in indirect taxation.
• Covid Pandemic: The pandemic has shown the results of effective centre-state cooperation.
The centre was responsible to declare lockdown under the Disaster Management Act and
decide the vaccination policy. The states were responsible to implement the curbs and
restrictions, identify the containment zones and implement the vaccination drives.
• Telangana sends team to learn from Kerala:With the reported cases of global outbreak of
coronovirus touching 1,00,000 across the globe and 31 people testing positive in India, the
way the state of Kerala successfully dealt with the first three reported cases in India has come
into sharp focus. A 12-member team of delegates from Telangana visited Kerala to study the
measures the state had taken to contain the spread of coronavirus.

PARLIAMENT
• British Speaker:Once a person is appointed as a Speaker, he gives formal resignation from
his political parties.He will not be disqualified under the Anti-defection law.The post is non-
political and the political parties do not contest the Parliamentary constituency held by the
Speaker. He has a casting vote and ultimate disciplinary powers with respect to the conduct
of the House and MPs.
• Canada’s Shadow Cabinet: Opposition parties in Canada form shadow cabinets, whose
members develop expertise related to each government ministry from defense to education to
health care. Shadow cabinet members hold the government responsible for actions and
policies during “question time” in parliament, or, acting in concert with members of
government, join special investigative or inquiry committees where sensitive issues are aired
in private session.
• Reservation of seats for Women in Bangladesh and Nepal:Bangladesh had passed a
Constitutional amendment in 2004 to re-introduce quotas for women. The number of seats in
Parliament was raised to 345 among which 13 per cent seats are reserved for women.
Similarly, Nepal has 33 per cent reservation for women.

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 Best Practices & Case Studies
JUDICIARY
• Azerbaijan's e-Courts:The country has been modernizing its justice sector through smart
courts which have simplified judicial procedures and are fast and business friendly.The use
of e-court technologies has increased judicial productivity and resulted in operational budget
savings.
• Appointment of Judges in USA:In US, the appointment process is more transparent as the
Senate examines the name of Judges and brings it before public domain to raise opinion.The
Senate appoints a committee, that carries out thorough examination of individual candidate,
by validating his credentials, cross checking his past records and organizing face to face
interview. All these processes are carried out in a transparent manner, which gives civil
society an opportunity of participation in appointment of federal court judges.
• Ethics commissioner (Australia):Ethics commissioner appointed by Australia to ensure

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Code of Ethics for judges.

LOCAL GOVERNANCE
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• Gram Panchayat Pimpri Gawali: This village achieved water security in short span due to
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effective implementation of the Adarsh Gaon Yojana of the Government of Maharashtra.

Gram Sabha played crucial role for the participatory approach in watershed development
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activities. It had taken landmark decision to ban tube wells to avoid the exploitation of the
groundwater through Gram Sabha resolution entitled ' Groundwater Regulation and
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Management Resolution. The Gram Panchayat has seen appreciable attendance of women
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and other minorities, ward Sabha and Mahila Sabha meetings were actively organized,
strengthening democracy at local levels.
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• Poverty eradication program by Gram Sabha in Gariba village(Bihar):The Panchayat

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has played a pioneering role in improving the infrastructure of the village while engaging the
local folk in these activities and providing them ample chances to work.
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• Exchange programs between municipalities: Imphal Municipal Corporation adopted best

practices of South Delhi Municipal Corporation.The South Delhi Municipal Corporation
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(SDMC) had exchanged ideas and views on property tax revenue mobilisation and solid
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waste management with Imphal Municipal Corporation (IMC).

ELECTIONS
• Electoral reforms by Denmark: Campaign and party financing in Denmark are regulated
by the Accounts of Political Parties Act and the Public Funding Act. These laws create basic
regulations, like the public nature of party finances and the mandatory disclosure of all
donations above a certain benchmark.

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 Best Practices & Case Studies
GOVERNANCE
NGO’S
• USA’s policy of NGO management:U.S. regulations are designed to avoid making
judgments about the value or work of an NGO.There is very little restriction on the freedoms
of expression and association of NGOs under U.S. law.
• Role of NGO in development of Sugali settlement in Andhra Pradesh: An NGO called
Social Education Development Society (SEDS) is working for the development of Sugalis, a
dominant tribe inhabited in Anantapur District in Andhra Pradesh. The tribe was known for
selling Illicitly Distilled (ID) liquor for the past few decades.Under the constant awareness of
the NGO,these people have now returned to mainstream livelihood.
• Digital Empowerment Foundation:With the support of IT ministry, the NGO has initiated
a project named Chanderiyaan, which is essentially the Chanderi weavers’ ICT resource
centre through which Chanderi weavers sell their products across the country at a premium
under the brand name of ‘Chanderi’. It has created a web portal to help weavers sell their
products, going beyond reducing physical market separations and building a bridge to
provide market access to their producers.
• Solar MAMAs: In remote Gumla district in Jharkhand, few hamlets have not been
electrified due to scattered settlements and challenges of inaccessibility. To mitigate this
challenge, the District Administration along with an International NGO, Barefoot College,
organised local women in SHGs and trained them with skills needed for fabrication of solar
panels, lights and photovoltaic circuits. These women are fondly addressed as Solar Mamas.
As a result of this initiative, women of Gumla District have equipped themselves with skill
sets that ensure a steady income and also greatly helped in providing electricity to those
households which were lingering in darkness.

SHG’S
• Odhisha’s Mission Shakti: Promotion of Women's Self-Help Groups (WSHGs) has been
adopted under this scheme as a key strategy for achieving women's empowerment. Its key
objectives are formation, gradation and promotion of Self Help Groups. It also provides
financial assistance to WSHGs and imparts training for complete management of WSHGs
• Jeevika Mission in Bihar: It is a World Bank-supported poverty alleviation programme
operational in the state since 2007 to empower women and make them self-reliant.It has
promoted sustainable livelihood and financial inclusion through women-based community
institutions and enterprises.
• Gujarat's Sakhi Mandal Yojna: Under this scheme,few women belonging to the backward
class opened a shop in Ghumli village of Gujarat and named it Lakshmi Mahila SHG.The
capital for the shop was raised by utilizing the SHGs monthly savings.The members of
Lakshmi Mahila SHG have now become pillars for growth and sustainability for the rest of
their family members.

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 Best Practices & Case Studies
• Kudumbasree: Kudumbasree which was set up in 1997 is a movement that enabled millions
of women in Kerala to chart a new course of life is an amalgam of stories – of struggles; of
tears of joy and sorrow, and of victories small and big. Its training course provided are quite
comprehensive and include women’s rights, training in banking and training in skills to set
up micro-enterprises. Workers of Kudumbasree poverty eradication and women
empowerment programme played a big role in uplifting women out of poverty cycle.
• AndhraPradesh: The Andhra Pradesh State Marketing Federation and the Andhra Pradesh
State Civil Supplies Corporation Limited have initiated maize procurement through village
organisations consisting of SHGs. This was done in districts where maize production was
predominant. The agricultural produce was picked up at the village level at minimum support
price. This saved the farmer from the cost and effort of transporting it to the Government
procurement centre.

CIVIL SERVICE
• Singapore’s case: An independent government agency called REACH, facilitates efforts to
engage bureaucrats with the citizens to seek the views of Singaporeans and highlights key
issues of concern.
• Imhigo initiative by Rwanda:This initiative is for committing bureaucrats to specific
service achievements and then publicly evaluating them.It is based on the principle that
“leaders would publicly vow to achieve certain goals, and face public humiliation if they
failed ''. This helps to get reputation management in public bureaucracies.
• Block Development Officers (BDOs) scorecards: To motivate the Block Development
Officers (BDOs) who are the true foot soldiers of rural development, the Hazaribagh District
Administration has taken a first-of-its-kind initiative by devising a ‘BDO Scorecard’ to
assess the performance of the BDOs in a transparent manner while taking into account the
officers’ self-assessment.

TRANSPARENCY AND ACCOUNTABILITY

• Rajasthan Transparency in Public Procurement Rules: As per the rules, every procuring
entity shall upload and publish the required information on the State Public Procurement
Portal maintained by the State Procurement Facilitation Cell. All subject matters of
procurement shall be procured through e-procurement.
• Denmark’s case:Denmark has a well-established system to deter, detect and sanction
corruption. Denmark has a code of conduct for public officials that deals with practical
aspects describing situations that may arise in the public administration including
fundamental values and principles, freedom of expression, duty of confidentiality,
impartiality and the acceptance of gifts.

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 Best Practices & Case Studies
• Mexico:Enhancing Transparency:While its social and economic problems remain
formidable, Mexico has moved faster than any other large country in recent years to make
transparency a reality in politics and government. Secret presidential funds have been
abolished. Many government procurement processes take place on the Internet, with bids and
prices trackable in real time. The result is a system in which people, opposition parties and
the press can push for accountability more effectively and in which a climate can be built in
which laws and policies enjoy broader social support.
• Accountability in Infrastructure Approach by Thailand:It enhances accountability under
which public meetings have been organized at the project level, bringing together
representatives of the project owner/procuring entity, the contractor, and the local community
to discuss concerns.
• Singapore’s case: Singapore has a high level of transparency. For example, the Auditor-
General’s Office conducts an annual audit of the Ministries and government agencies, and

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thereafter publishes a detailed public report on irregularities in procurement and contract
management, among other information.
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SOCIAL AUDIT
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• Chattisgarhs’s case: The state has created social audit teams who collects complaints
regarding various issues and hands it over to the Sarpanch and Sachiv in the Gram
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Sabha.Wall writing of muster rolls, bills and measurement books is carried out to ensure
active involvement of the community in the social audit process.
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• Society for Social Audit, Accountability and Transparency, an autonomous body

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insulatedfrom government interference, was set up in Andhra Pradesh. Themain aim of the
SSAAT is to uphold the concept of eternal vigilance by the people, facilitated bysocial
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activists and Government acting in conjunction. It aims at empowerment of the

ruralpopulation covered by welfare schemes such as MGNREGS and minimization of
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leakage andwastage of public funds.

• Social audit in Jharnipalli Panchayat, Bolangir district, Odisha: Panchayatconducted a one-day
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social audit of development works carried out in the panchayat over thepreceding three years. This
audit took place with the active participation of many individualsand agencies, including block and
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district administration officials, MKSS [Mazdoor Kisan ShaktiSanghatan], NCPRI [National

Campaign for People's Right to Information] and Action Aid India.

CITIZEN CHARTER
• Australia’s Citizen Charter:The Australian charter has an unique component called
Taxpayers’ Charter. The Australian Tax Office strictly adheres to the principles outlined
in the Charter which has been formulated after incorporating the views and expertise of a
wide range of stakeholders.

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 Best Practices & Case Studies
• Jan Sewa Kendra, Ahmedabad: The District Collectorate of Ahmedabad is a fine
example of an administrative entity that has made a successful attempt to reengineer
processes for better service delivery by using Citizen’s Charters and Jan Sewa Kendras.
In February 2004, the district administration of Ahmedabad standardized the entire
Citizen’s Charter of the district which consisted of 75 issues ranging from land matters,
issue of licenses and certificates, public distribution system, widow pension etc.

E-GOVERNANCE
• Rajasthan’s Bhamashah Yojana:It is a resident data hub and is mandatorily used by all the
departments of the state for deciding entitlement.lt entitles all the cash and non-cash benefits
for a family through a single medium.
• Rajasthan’s Sampark program: It lets the citizens of Rajasthan register their grievances,
even offering SMS integration, GIS linked inspection, reality check functionality for
disposed cases and a process wherein the feedback is sought by the state from the
complainant.
• MCA21: It is the online portal of the Ministry of Corporate Affairs (MCA) that has made all
company related information accessible to various stakeholders and the general public. The
MCA21 version 3.0 in its entirety will not only improve the existing services and modules,
but will also create new functionalities like e-adjudication, compliance management system,
advanced helpdesk, feedback services, user dashboards, self-reporting tools and revamped
master data services.
• Bhoomi Project (Karnataka): Bhoomi is a flagship project of the Karnataka; launched to
digitize all land records in the state to prevent corruption and manipulation of data. Land
related documents like Record of Rights, Tenancy, and Crop (RTC) information or Pahani,
Mutation report were digitized and kiosk centers were set up to make these records available
to the citizen/farmer. By using this software, one can check land records online in Karnataka.
The services offered by Bhoomi are Right, Tenancy and Crop (RTC) information; Revenue
maps; Mutation register, Mutation status and Mutation extract.

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 Best Practices & Case Studies
SOCIAL JUSTICE
POVERTY REDUCTION
• China model: Over the past 40 years, the number of people in China with incomes below
$1.90 per day has fallen by close to 800 million. Two pillars: Broad-based economic
transformation to open new economic opportunities and raise average incomes; Recognition
that targeted support was needed to alleviate persistent poverty -> support was initially
provided to areas disadvantaged by geography and the lack of opportunities and later to
individual households.
• Philippines (Pantawid Pamilyang Pilipino Program): It is a social protection program that
focuses on human capacity development through provision of cash grants to eligible poor
households subject to their compliance with education and health conditionalities.
• Taiwan model: National Health Insurance - provides economically disadvantaged people
with quality healthcare at an affordable price. Monthly sponsorship to elderly people. People
beyond 65 years old whose normal family salary is not exactly, or equivalent to, 1.5 times
base monthly costs are fit to get a monthly sponsorship of $174.
• Jaga Mission (Odisha): It is the world’s largest slum land title project under Land rights for
slum dwellers act, 2017. It was being executed in collaboration with Tata Trusts and Norman
Foster Foundation. Extensive use of drones and door-to-door surveys to identify the property
owners in the slum. The mission was awarded 'India Geospatial Excellence Award' for
technological innovation in transforming lives of urban poor.
• Aajeevika markets: Aajeevika markets opened in Bhopal for women self help groups to
provide them a source of employment.The women can sell products like gram flour,
groundnut oil, raw rice and mustard oil prepared by them..

HUNGER
• Making Kerala a Hunger Free state: Kerala state government has proposed a new project
‘Hunger-Free Kerala’. Under this project, the government proposes to supply free food to
bedridden patients at their residence and to set up 1,000 food courts to provide cooked
wholesome meals at Rs. 25 to the poor.
• Deendayal Rasoi Yojana (Madhya Pradesh): Offering meal to the poor for Rs 5 only. It
will not only offer healthy and proper food to the poor, but also provide an opportunity for
social service. Under this scheme pulses, vegetables and 4 rotis will be included in a thali.
• Annapurna Canteens (Telangana): Greater Hyderabad Municipal Corporation
(GHMC) which runs the scheme is making arrangements to serve the hot and hygienic meals
for Rs 5 in a much more welcoming ambience. The canteens from small stalls with the
customers standing around it to have the food, are being renovated with seating
arrangements, apart from roofs to keep the rains out during monsoon.

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 Best Practices & Case Studies
• Action against Hunger: It is a global humanitarian organization originated in France and is
committed to ending world hunger. It relies on Community Management of Acute
Malnutrition (CMAM). A parent is able to bring nutrient-dense, protein- and calorie-packed
peanut-based paste home with them to treat their child. To aid in the fight against
malnutrition, it uses Google tools. Ad Grants and Youtube help enable it to raise more money
for programs and dramatically increase their reach with new audiences.
• Community kitchen(West Bengal’s “Maa” canteens): This scheme by the West Bengal
government provides subsidized cooked meals for the poor at a nominal cost of ?5. The
people will get a plate of rice, dal, a vegetable and egg curry.

HEALTH CARE SYSTEM

• Karnataka Model: Universal health coverage for all people of state - Karnataka covers

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more than 90% of its population (APL and BPL) in tertiary care. The National Health
Mission, Karnataka, augments primary healthcare, while secondary healthcare is provided
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through a mix of schemes “ both state as well as central
• Arogya Kunji (Jharkhand): It is an endeavour to ensure accessibility and availability of
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healthcare facilities to tribals in Chatra district. State Government has designed a new Medical Kit
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scheme, named Sahiya Arogya Kunji Yojana which is a first-of-its-kind initiative aimed at poor
and deprived citizens of the district. It has greatly improved the outreach and efficacy of timely
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medical aid and healthcare services in rural areas of this district.

• Kalpana Programme (Odisha): Mandatory Ultrasound Sonography (USG) testing for all
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pregnant women by scheduling mass USG test dates across the sub-district hospitals under
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the Kalpana Programme. Bringing all pregnant women together at these hospitals resulted in
discussions regarding their lifestyle, food habits and sharing of experiences. It has been
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instrumental in improving the sex ratio in Dhenkanal district of Odisha.

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• Norway's Patients’ Rights Act: It sets out the right to receive care within specific
timeframes. The majority of consultations in Norway take place at the primary care level in
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the municipalities. Patients are referred to specialized healthcare if their general practitioners
determine a need. The 2013 revision of the act prevent inequalities in access to low-priority
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specialised healthcare.
• Case of Netherlands: In Netherlands, the general practitioners provide at least 50 hours of
after-hours care each year in order to maintain their medical licenses. Hence people have
additional access to healthcare services.
• New Zealand: Healthcare system is state-sponsored and is funded through taxes and
provides free or subsidized medical treatment for residents.
• Denmark: The Danish universal health care system provides Danes with mostly free medical
care and is predominantly financed through income tax. All permanent residents are entitled
to a national health insurance card, and most examinations and treatments are free of charge.

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 Best Practices & Case Studies
• MaliKaKeneya: In Mali, a digital app called MaliKaKeneya is supporting community health
workers to find patients who may have COVID-19 and refer them to get tested and treated.
The app is powered by the Community Health Toolkit platform developed by Medic, a
nonprofit organization that creates open-source digital tools to help community health
workers provide timely, equitable and accessible care
• Mohalla Clinic - Delhi:They are primary health centres - which provide basic essential
health services like medicine diagnostics and consultation free of cost. Mohalla in Hindi
means neighborhood or community. The act as a first point of contact for the population
providing them timely services and reduce the load of referrals to secondary and tertiary
health facilities in the state.

DIGITAL HEALTH
• Germany: Country’s health ministry aims to bring electronic health records to all insured
patients by 2021, with a focus on data privacy and security as the government will also
introduce a law regarding electronic health records protection
• England: National Health Service (NHS) trialed a system in 2017 which prescribed apps to
patients with chronic conditions such as chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) and
gestational diabetes
• Netherlands: Involve patient’s input when designing a new facility. The resulting friendlier
environment led to a more balanced patient-doctor relationship
• Baltic countries: Personalized medicine project has been underway for nearly two decades.
With approximately 10 percent of the population’s genetic data in the Estonian biobank and
with the numbers steadily growing, the country is planning to use these data to make
precision medicine a reality for all of its inhabitants.

DIGITAL HEALTH CARE SYSTEM AT TIME OF COVID

• China: Contact tracing, testing, and surveillance - each an essential part of the overall public
health measures in keeping the outbreak within a manageable scale - were each augmented in
China by data-driven technologies. Hospitals in Wuhan and nationwide deployed AI-
powered CT imaging interpretation tools, which helped radiologists to reduce CT reading
time from hours to seconds
• USA: Online consultation services were boosted either by revamping existing privately
owned online telemedicine platforms
• UK: Public-private-partnership is the cornerstone to many of the digital responses, with
digital technology providers spearheading technological innovation within a national
enabling policy and technological infrastructure. Many have seized the opportunity to
demonstrate the capacity to address the practical needs of healthcare providers, patients, and
the public, either via integrating into the formal healthcare grid or via standalone platforms

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 Best Practices & Case Studies
EDUCATION
• Netherlands: Teaching in languages other than Dutch for students to foster learning in all
subjects, extra funding to poorer and ethnic minority students, primary schools with highest
proportion of disadvantaged students have about 58% more teachers and support staff.
• Japan:Intense focus is given on academics from the age of 6. (low primary level drop-out
rate of 0.2 percent).
• Finland: Mandatory break of 15 minutes is given after every 1 hour of study and only a 5
hours school day. Also no grades are given till class 4 and focus on improving the learning
capabilities of children. All teachers are required to have a master’s degree before entering
the profession
• Kalinga Sikhya Sathi Yojana by Odisha- Loans for the aspiring students at only 1%
interest. This scheme has been launched to bring down the financial burden on the parents of
the students who want to move forward with higher education.
• Delhi Model of Education-This education model aims for the transformation of school
infrastructure.It has been engaging with the community by reconstituting school management
committees (SMC).
• Kalinga SikhyaSathi Yojana by Odisha: Loans for the aspiring students at only 1%
interest. This scheme has been launched to bring down the financial burden on the parents of
the students who want to move forward with higher education.
• Delhi Model of Education: This education model aims for the transformation of school
infrastructure.It has been engaging with the community by reconstituting school management
committees (SMC).
• AAKAR: Residential school for differently Abled students (Chattisgarh): Aakar School has
specialised professionals including a physiotherapist and occupational therapist for catering
to the needs of students with locomotor disability; an audiologist to help hearing impaired
children; a psychologist to help mentally disabled children and special educators to facilitate
day-to-day learning.
• Model Anganwadi Centres (Ramgarh district, Jharkhand): In terms of improving
learning outcomes, BALA (Building as a Learning Aid) in Anganwadis has proved as a
shining example of how Government-sponsored facilities can be made at par with private
educational institutions. These Anganwadis host regular outreach and awareness campaigns
in the community to promote better health and hygiene, such as VHSNDs (Village, Health,
Sanitation & Nutrition Days) that have been benefiting families across blocks.

E-LEARNING
• China: Had digitised their entire primary and secondary curriculum and was working to train
master teachers to teach online so that they could scale high-quality education through e-
learning to 100 million students over the next 10 years
• Singapore: It shuts down their physical schools for 1 week each year to engage students in
an e-learning week.
• USA: Primary and secondary online learning has been organised into formal school units that
operate alongside traditional schools

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 Best Practices & Case Studies
WOMEN AND CHILD EMPOWERMENT
• Board of Education of Antigua and Barbuda: Since its establishment, women have been
at the highest levels of leadership of both the organisation and the Board of Directors for over
16 out of the 21 years it has existed. Thus, there is a clear recognition of the skills, abilities
and competencies of female talent as professionals in the organisation.
• Fasken Martineau Canadian law firm:It has a strong mentorship programme in place for
all professionals, not just women. Currently, the Mansfield Rule initiative is being piloted
which requires a minimum percentage of consideration of female candidates for management
opportunities and lateral hires. It has no specific flexible working arrangement other than a
formal programme to facilitate women leaving for and returning from maternity leave
• Kanyashree scheme of West Bengal:It seeks to improve the status and wellbeing of girls,
specifically those from socio-economically disadvantaged families through Conditional Cash

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Transfers
• Lakshmi Bhandar scheme of West Bengal: It provides financial support to female heads of
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the family.In this scheme, income support will be provided to the female household who do
not have any of the sources of income to carry on their livelihood
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• Kerala’s Mangalya Scheme:The Government of Kerala envisages this scheme to encourage

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widow remarriage. Women belonging to the age group of 18 - 50 yrs who are legally
divorced and widowed are eligible for financial assistance of Rs. 25,000, provided that they
get remarried and have a remarriage certificate.
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• Kerala’s SHE-TOILET: It is an unmanned toilet which is fully automated.It has pre-

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flushing and flushing system along with modular features like a sanitary napkin vending
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machine and a napkin incinerator.

• Canada’s Maternity Leaves: As per Canada’s Labour Code, women are entitled to up to 17
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weeks of maternity leave. If both parents care for a newborn or newly adopted child they are
entitled to a combined period of parental leave of no more than 63 weeks.
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• ‘ASHA – EK UMEED KI KIRAN’: WOMEN EMPOWERMENT CENTRE

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(Chattisgarh): It is a special initiative to empower local women by providing employment.

It provides Skill Development Training under PMKVY totally free-of-cost. The training
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duration of these courses vary from 2 to 4 months, post which the trained candidates are
employed for production of finished products like Cloths, Sanitary Pads and Glass Bangles
within the training centre.
• Establishing Model Anganwadi Centres (Ramgarh in Jharkhand):The Model
Anganwadis include an upgraded in-house kitchenwhere nutritious meals are prepared for
children to ensure a balanced diet. In addition, spaces aroundthe premises such as front yard
of the Anganwadis have been developed into a vegetable garden foroptimal utilisation of the
space and to ensure incorporation of freshly grown produce in the diets being provided to
children.

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 Best Practices & Case Studies
• Project Angan (Jharkhand): Parents in Chatra District had developed a passive attitude in
sending their children to Anganwadi Centres due to their unhygienic conditions. Likewise,
children also displayed disinclination towards going to these centres. With the idea of
constructing Model AWCs and remodelling the existing ones, the District Administration
initiated “Project Angan” in Chatra District. The broad vision of the initiative is to transform
the Anganwadi Centres into interactive and child-friendly learning spaces, where children are
provided with utmost facilities.
• Vidyadaan campaign (Uttar Pradesh): Imparting primary education by roping in people from
different fields to interact with the children of more than 400 Government Primary Schools.
Intellectuals of the society including Government officials, retired employees, teachers in schools
and colleges, educated housewives as well as youngsters, have joined this campaign in large
numbers. They spent at least an hour with the kids every week.The campaign has given extremely
positive results and volunteers are themselves taking out time to teach the children.
• BOLO App (Madhya Pradesh): Damoh District Administration launched the BOLO App
by Google across Government Schools of the district. The App designed for primary grade
children, is an innovative step towards ensuring improved learning outcomes. Bolo App
helps to improve both English and Hindi reading skills, by encouraging kids to read aloud.

WOMEN AND DIGITAL LITERACY

• Facebook:Facebook launched the ‘ We Think Digital’ programme in partnership with the’
National Commission for Women(NCW) and Cyber Peace Foundation to provide digital
literacy training to 1,00,000 women across states.
• Google’s Internet Saathi: 45% of women trained by Internet Saathi said they had improved
their income by learning a new skill. Another 50% said that they knew better ways of saving
an investing

FEMALE LABOUR FORCE PARTICIPATION

• Japan: Japanese Prime Minister Shinzo made it a priority to build almost half a million
government-funded creches to help young mothers rejoin the workforce.
• France: Job sharing and home-based work can help to create a better work-life balance;
social protection (tax & benefits) systems can be adapted to the non-standard forms of
employment.
• Nepal: Praveshdwar home-based childcare programme of the Government of Nepal as an
excellent example of community-based child care which catered to the children aged 0-3
years and was run by mothers themselves.Mothers often formed groups of six and took turns
to look after children at their homes.
• Australia: introduced soft gender-balanced targets on the boards of PLCs

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 Best Practices & Case Studies
GENDER VIOLENCE AND COVID 19
• UN Women: Shadow Pandemic public awareness campaign, focusing on the global increase
in domestic violence amid the COVID-19 health crisis. UN Women is working on prevention
of violence and access to essential services, such as health, justice and policing, social
services, helplines and coordination of these services, to provide support to those who have
experienced and/or witnessed violence.

MENSTRUAL LEAVE
• South Korea: Women must be paid out for unused menstruation leave.
• Taiwan: Three days per month that are not counted against sick leave.
• Zambia: One day off per month.
• Japan: Requires employers to grant women days off for difficult menstruation but does not
obligate them to pay workers for the absences.

DIABLED
• Case of Estonia: For disabled people and the long-term sick, working age adults are eligible
for incapacity benefits, with varying payment according to the severity of the disability or
illness.
• Lemon Tree Hotels: It recruits people with Down Syndrome and hearing and speech
impediments. In their observation, employees with speech and hearing impediments have the
amazing ability to clean more rooms a day compared to the non-disabled. 13% of their
employees are differently abled. The Hotel Chain trains differently able employees for 10
days in a programme it calls ‘See, Smile, Greet’.
• IBM: IBM boasts of a special policy around hiring people with disabilities. This policy revolves
around what IBM calls the three as – Accommodation, Accessibility, and Attitude. The company
engages PwDs in departments such as Project Management, Programming, Consulting, Operations,
Quality Assurance and Human Resources. It also boasts of India specific technologies that increase
accessibility for PwDs such Hindi Speech recognition solutions.
• France’s Disability Benefits: Disability benefits are calculated according to the individual’s
average salary over a 10-year period.Disabled adults who have never worked can claim a
monthly allowance as long as they do not have financial resources.
• Germany’s case:Disabled children are automatically insured with their parents in the health
insurance scheme without having to pay any additional costs. Children and students with
disabilities are entitled to various rights, including wheelchair access and a sign language
translator in certain circumstances. Companies receive benefits and tax breaks for employing
people with disabilities.
• Italy’s Financial Aid:Benefits for disabled people are recalculated every year based on
inflation and the cost of living.They also receive tax breaks to buy certain goods such as
special vehicles and adjustments to the home.

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 Best Practices & Case Studies
TRANSGENDER
• Argentina's Gender Identity Law: This law makes sex-change surgery a legal right. The
procedure is even included in both public and private health care plans.It allowed legal
gender recognition for transgender people over the age of 18, solely based on their self-
determination and without any medical intervention.

TRIBALS
• Jharkhand’s Tribal Empowerment and Livelihoods Project:The overall project goal is to
improve the living conditions of tribal communities, especially primitive tribal groups
(PTGs), across Jharkhand. The project aims to empower and enable 136,000 tribal
households, including 10,000 PTG households, to take up livelihood options based on
sustainable and equitable use of natural resources.
•
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Tribal development Plan in Raigarh District,Chhattisgarh: The main objective of the
program by the state government is to empower tribal population, especially women and
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other marginal groups, through awareness raising on tribals and women's rights. Legal and
managerial strengthening training is conducted in all villages, through orientation training in
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legal literacy, program planning, implementation and management.

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CONTROLLING DRUG MENACE

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• Portugal: The Government created a task force consisting of doctors, judges, and mental and
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social healthcare workers and came up with a plan of decriminalizing all drug use, and
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creating new policies and programs that would treat addicts and prepare them for
reintegration into Portuguese society.
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• Switzerland: Massive public information drives on the consequences of drug use,

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Switzerland’s drug policy also focused on therapy and harm reduction. Switzerland
implemented a trial of the Heroin Assisted Treatment (HAT) program, where drug
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dependents received “medically-controlled doses of heroin.” Its run sought to minimize the
spread of disease and the exclusion of drug addicts from society, among others preventing
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pandemic in urbanization

SOCIAL SECURITY
• Belgium: The Belgian social security scheme for employees includes healthcare,
unemployment allowances, child allowances, invalidity benefits (including maternity) and a
pension. Apart from unemployment benefits, the same benefits are provided for self-
employed persons, although invalidity and pension benefits are lower than those for
employees.

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 Best Practices & Case Studies
• Norway: There are three main social insurance schemes in Norway, the National Insurance
Scheme (NIS), the Family Allowance Scheme and the Scheme for cash benefits for families
with small children. The NIS includes among other things old age and disability pension,
family benefits such as maternity and paternity leave benefits, sickness benefits, as well as
health care costs.
• Spain: The social security constitutes an organised system of benefits of a public
nature.Basically, the scope of the social security system is to protect people affected by
several social risks. In addition, article 41 of the Spanish Constitution guarantees its citizens
the right to enjoy a public social security system. The Spanish government guarantees people
who have met the requirements of the contributory or non-contributory modalities, as well as
their dependents, adequate protection against the contingencies and situations contemplated
in the Social Security Law.

REDUCING INCOME INEQUALITY

• USA: Redistribution through progressive tax system designed in such a way that the richpay
a higher percent in income taxes than the poor. It also imposes estate tax—that is, a tax
imposed on the value of an inheritance—which suggests a willingness to limit how much
wealth can be passed on as an inheritance
• Canada: Public policy attempt to build a ladder of opportunities so that each child has a
reasonable opportunity to attain an economic niche in society based on their interests,
desires, talents, and efforts.

MOB LYNCHING
• Telangana Police initiative: where police officers engage with masses to spread awareness
and also keep a vigil on spread of fake news through whatsapp
• West Bengal Police: took help of twitter to dispel rumors
• Legislative measures: Manipur law empowers the state government to impose a collective
fine on the inhabitants of an area if the government is satisfied that they are involved in
lynching or a connected offence. The Rajasthan law does not have this provision. The two
states also differ in their approach to holding police officers responsible for their failure to
prevent lynching.

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 Best Practices & Case Studies
GENDER WAGE GAP
• Sweden: Support wage transparency by disclosing the pay gap at the organisational level. In
Sweden for instance, all companies with ten or more employees must annually document
wage gap and make results available
• OECD Countries: Provides a system of affordable childcare through creches, paid and
shared parental leave. OECD countries are increasingly offering more and better childcare
facilities and helping with childcare costs

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 Best Practices & Case Studies
ECONOMY
AGRICULTURE PROBLEM
• Israel: Israeli drip irrigation has impacted food supply in foreign countries is Tipa (Drop), a
kit that enables gravity to irrigate when there is no water pressure in rural areas.
• Singapore: In a small country where locally grown vegetables make up only seven percent
of consumption, Sky Greens’ vertical farming provides both an efficient and environmentally
sound solution. Sky Greens, the world’s first low-carbon hydraulic water- driven urban
vertical farm that reduces the amount of energy and land needed for traditional farming
techniques.
• Enhancing Agri-Productivity through high density farming (Kupwara in J&K):
Awareness drives were conducted to educate farmers about the benefits of high-density
farming and the proactive involvement of the District Administration has helped in
accelerating development in the Agricultural sector. This has been effectively implemented

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by converting traditional seedling-based orchards into high-density orchards, producing up to
thrice the harvest of traditional orchards.
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FOOD GRAIN MANAGEMENT
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• USA: USA has more than 310 Million Ton Silo storage capacity. It has an effective on farm
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storage which helps farmer to store Grain at the site at harvest time and move to off farm.
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PRICE FLUCTUATIONS IN AGRICULTURAL PRODUCTS

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• The European Union: The Common Agricultural Policy (CAP) of the EU consists of
several policy instruments that help farmers to deal with price and income volatility. o
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Financial support to farmers for the premiums on insurances for crops and livestock against
losses caused by adverse climatic events and diseases
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• Financial support for mutual funds to compensate farmers for production losses related to
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climatic and environmental events

• An Income Stabilisation Tool (IST), mobilising financial support for farmers who
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experience severe income losses (exceeding 30% of the average annual income)
• USA: two new crop insurance programmes were created, the Supplemental Coverage Option
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(SCO) for the main crops and the Stacked Income Protection Plan (STAX) for cotton. Under
these programmes, producers can receive additional insurances to cover a part of the losses
which is not included by the traditional crop insurance policies

CONTRACT FARMING
• Kenya:Exporters of fresh fruits and vegetables source their requirement through contracts
with small producers
• Amul and National Dairy Development Board (NDDB) for milk procurement and
sugarcane cooperative in Maharashtra

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 Best Practices & Case Studies
• PepsiCo model of contract farming, measured in terms of new options for farmers,
productivity increases, and the introduction of modern technology, has been an unparalleled
success. The company focused on developing region- and desired produce-specific research,
and extensive extension services. It was thus successful in bringing about a drastic change in
the Punjab farmers’ production system towards its objective of ensuring supply of right
produce at the right time in required quantities to its processing plant.
• Ugar Sugar’s: Farmers surrounding Ugar Sugar in Belgaum, who had been cultivating sugar
under intensive irrigation found themselves with the problem of salinity in soils. Ugar Sugar
took this opportunity to begin creating awareness among the farming community about
alternative crops suitable for saline soils. Of these, barley was known to give economic yields
of good quality in saline soils. The company assured the farmers of a market for their
produce if they agreed to grow barley, as well as the required technical and input support.

FOOD PROCESSING AND MEGA FOOD PARKS

• Traceability technology: Traceability technology can be applied in processed fish and fish
products to ensure quality assurance and food safety.The demand for ready to eat products
has increased significantly in the past few years, especially during the current pandemic.
People are choosing convenient and safe food and hence, companies can explore
opportunities to expand in this segment.

AGRICULTURAL EDUCATION
• USA's National Association of Agricultural Educators: Agricultural education teaches
students about agriculture, food and natural resources. Through these subjects, agricultural
educators teach students a wide variety of skills, including science, math, communications,
leadership, management and technology
• Farmer Field School (FFS): Dharmapuri district(Kerala): Group dynamics exercises formed
a part of the FFS process for developing team building and problem-solving skills. Sharing of
experiences FFS participants proactively attended other group meetings in the villages and
shared on FFS learnings.

MANUFACTURING SECTOR/ SPECIAL ECONOMIC ZONE

• China: China opened up its first SEZ in 1979 in Shenzhen, thus kick-starting the move of the
communist nation to embrace capitalist investments and to seek foothold in global trade. In
recent years, China has taken this a step ahead to assist African countries to set up SEZs with
Chinese strategic investments and partnerships.
• Industrial revolution 4.0: A special emphasis on new technologies such as AI, Blockchain
technology, Biotech, Data specific etc. should be given to discover new ways to boost
manufacturing.

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 Best Practices & Case Studies
MSME
• India IT sector: Pre-liberalization protection and post liberalization market access has led to
the development of the IT sector in India. The same approach can be used for MSME, where
protection to small firms and market access to large firms can boost the development of
MSME in India.
• China, Indonesia, Philippines and Thailand have successfully been able to provide ICT
support to their MSME, which helps them to integrate international technologies and
practices to increase production in MSMEs.

ELECTRONIC SECTOR IN INDIA

• China: The Chinese government is a strong proponent of industry consolidation, which is pushing
leading market players into dominant positions to lead the strategic development of the industry.
• South Korea: The high R&D intensity that helped South Korea become a global leader in
information and communication technologies has emerged from a historically ‘top-down’
innovation system that promotes “close collaboration between government, industry, and the
academic community in the process of nation building”

EMPLOYMENT GENERATION - CHALLENGES

• G20: As barriers to employment become more complex, a horizontal approach is often
needed to tackle them, involving employment service providers, vocational education and
training institutions, economic development agencies and social welfare organisations.

DISINVESTMENT
• Singapore Sovereign investment arm:The economic survey suggested a sovereign
investment arm on the lines of Singapore’s Temasek Holdings. This is an investment
company which owns and manages assets based on commercial principles to create and
maximise risk-adjusted returns over the long run. Their portfolio companies are managed by
respective boards, and management is based on sound corporate governance principles.

IMPACT OF COVID ON ECONOMY/ MEASURE TAKEN TO

BOOSTGDP GROWTH
• China: liquidity injection into the banking system via open market operations, expansion of
re-lending and re-discounting facilities by RMB 1.8 trillion to support manufacturers of
medical supplies and daily necessities, micro-, small- and medium-sized firms and the
agricultural sector.
• USA: Fannie Mae and Freddie Mac, a mortgage investment company, have announced
assistance to borrowers, including providing mortgage forbearance for 12 months and
waiving related late fees. India also needs a similar action from banks.

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 Best Practices & Case Studies
MICROCREDIT
• Commercial banks Microfinance Vehicles: Commercial banks recently have stepped into
the realm of microfinance. They have taken tentative but very important steps toward
distributing Microfinance loans to the poor.
• Bangladesh’s Grameen Banks:The Grameen model is based on groups of five prospective
borrowers who meet regularly with Grameen Bank field managers. Typically, two of the five
prospective borrowers are granted loans. If, after a probationary time period, the first two
borrowers meet the terms of repayment, then loans are granted to the remaining group
members. Peer pressure acts as a replacement for traditional loan collateral.
• Micro-finance led development in Gujarat: The microfinance interventions by state
government was not only limited to credit deployment, rather, they focused on group
formation, savings, livelihood promotion, enterprise development and marketing of produce.

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DIGITAL FINANCIAL INCLUSION
• M-Pesa: an electronic money transfer product that enables users to store value on their
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mobile phones, digital financial services are representative of the mobile banking revolution
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• In Kenya: financial institutions have embraced M-Pesa as a platform to manage micro

accounts, build customer deposits, and broaden their customer network. As a consequence,
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Kenya has emerged as a leader in financial inclusion in Sub-Saharan Africa.

•
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JAM trinity has a positive impact on the banking sector and financial inclusion.
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INVOLVING PRIVATE PLAYERS IN RAILWAYS

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DMRC a prime example of PPP success

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• Efficiency, courtesy, and integrity, in corporate culture

•
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Corruption free contract awarding system and procurement process

• Autonomy in decision making
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• They mean business attitudes

• Advance planning in utility diversion, minimizing public inconvenience

NATIONAL STRATEGY FOR FINANCIAL EDUCATION

• USA:The U.S. government is making an effort to see that its citizens have more
opportunities to learn about personal finances. Congress has even declared April “Financial
LiteracyMonth,” and the private and public sectors offer programs and events around the
topic. World bank has suggested Edu-tainment as one of the method to increase

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 Best Practices & Case Studies
SMART CITIES MISSION
• Singapore: Its Smart Nation vision aims to digitally collect information from throughout the
city using sensors linked to aggregation boxes. Data collected on traffic volume or pedestrian
activity is sent to appropriate agencies for analysis and action in delivering services.
• Dubai: The emirate is in the middle of a seven-year Dubai 2021 plan to digitalize all
government services, including some 100 initiatives encompassing transport,
communications, infrastructure, electricity, economic services, and urban planning. Almost
90 government services now are digitized, accessible through the DubaiNow app.
• Oslo: The Norwegian capital is regularly featured on global lists of smart cities. Its efforts to
address climate change are part of the reason. Buildings account for some 40 percent of
energy consumption globally, and Oslo is embracing a wide use of sensors to control
lighting, heating, and cooling.

BILATERAL INVESTMENT TREATIES

• Niti Bhasin study: A 2016 study by NitiBhasin and Rinku Manocha suggests that by
providing substantive protection and commitment to foreign investors, BITs indeed
contributed to rising FDIs in the 2001-2012 period.Government must adopt a more pragmatic
and balanced approach in the 2016-Model BIT on the lines of the US-Korea BIT, CPTPP,
CETA, MERCOSUR Protocol to name a few.
• India should take example of United States-Australia bilateral trade agreements. This
agreement generated $26.7 billion in 2009, increasing trade 23% since its inception. U.S.
goods exports increased 33%, while imports rose 3.5%

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 Best Practices & Case Studies
ENVIRONMENT
DISASTER MANAGEMENT RELATED

Landslides Mitigation
• USA: They use LiDAR as it provides useful insights into geographical risk zones and helps
in the identification of areas vulnerable to landslides.

Flood Management
• Japan: An underground reservoir complex charged with protecting Tokyo and surrounding
areas from catastrophic flooding, it stores all the excess rainwater runoff.
• UK: The Thames Barrier spans 520 metres across the River Thames near Woolwich, and it
protects 125 square kilometres of central London from flooding caused by tidal surges. It has
10 steel gates that can be raised into position across the River Thames.
• I-FLOWS Mumbai:It is an integrated Flood Warning System and is a joint initiative
between the Ministry of Earth Sciences (MoES) and Brihanmumbai Municipal Corporation
(BMC).The warning system will be able to relay alerts of possible flood-prone areas
anywhere between six to 72 hours in advance.The system can provide all information
regarding possible flood-prone areas, likely height the floodwater could attain, location-wise
problem areas across all 24 wards and calculate the vulnerability and risk of elements
exposed to flood.

Drought Management and Mitigation

• Australia: Farmers in Australia deal with drought by diversifying their production risks,
building reserves for when conditions are unfavourable and increasing or decreasing their
production based on climatic conditions.
• Africa: Indigenous measures like Construction of ridges or bunds with stones or earth,
Construction of "Zai" or water pockets, Establishment of special zones for protection of
degraded land.

Nuclear Disasters Management and Prevention

• USA: In case of disaster, there are two emergency planning zones around each nuclear power
plant. The exact size and configuration of the zones vary from plant to plant due to local
emergency response.
• Prevention: In the U.S., each commercial nuclear power reactor has onsite and offsite
emergency plans to assure that adequate protective measures can be taken to protect the
public in the event of a radiological emergency.
• China: China has organized more than 110 training sessions for different levels of nuclear
emergency preparedness organizations, attended by a total of 10,000 people.

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 Best Practices & Case Studies
Locust Attack
• Eritrea: Eritrea has successfully implemented the eLocust3 system which allows national
survey and control officers in locust-affected countries to record and transmit data in real
• India: India is the first country to control locusts by using drones.
• Biopesticides: Fungi of the Metarhiziumacridum family, in particular, have proven to be
very effective in controlling locusts, killing hoppers and adults within a week or two.

Others
• Latur District-Linking Disaster management to development: SHGs linking disaster
management to development. Although the people of Killari (a village in Latur),
welcomed the Disaster Risk Management (DRM) Programme, a low response from
women was experienced especially in therural areas, as they are more reticent in

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participating in public. In order to address this challenge, an initiative to train Self Help
Groups (SHGs) was undertaken. This initiative has successfully ensured increased
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participation of women in orientation meetings, participatory activities and trainings.
• Spirit of Volunteerism saved many lives in Maharashtra: District Level Volunteers
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Search and Rescue operation in Dhule district of Maharashtra is an exemplary example of

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full preparedness and well-coordinated team work of the unparalleled rescue operation in
Dhule.
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• Accredited Social Health Activists as role models, Nagaon District Assam: ASHA
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workers became members of the Disaster Management Teams (DMTs) and inspired other
women to join in the DMTs as well. ASHA workers also facilitated first aid and search
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and rescue training for large number of people. The DRM trainings especially search and
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rescue trainings have enhanced their confidence and they feel that they are capable of
handling any situation during a calamity.
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POLLUTION RELATED
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Air Pollution
•
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China: establishing a Green Finance Center, developing green lending procedures, piloting
innovative financing models and products, and training its staff.
• Finland: Quality data is collected from city-level networks and from citizens carrying
crowdsourced mobile sensors, supplying more refined information on pollution hot spots and
encouraging sustainable behaviours.
• Italy: Mixing titanium dioxide into concrete, experts from the LIGHT2CAT project claim,
makes buildings and other structures sensitive to light; as the titanium harvests sunlight, it
enables chemical reactions to neutralize harmful particles in the air around it.
• Linkages: Policies targeting air pollution and greenhouse gases need to be linked

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 Best Practices & Case Studies
• Chhattisgarh Model for Stubble Warning: An innovative experiment has been undertaken
by the Chhattisgarh government by setting up gauthans. A gauthan is a dedicated five-acre
plot, held in common by each village, where all the unused stubble is collected through parali
daan (people’s donations) and is converted into organic fertiliser by mixing with cow dung
and few natural enzymes. The scheme also generates employment among rural youth. The
government supports the transportation of parali from the farm to the nearest gauthan. The
state has successfully developed 2,000 gauthans

River water Pollution

• Amsterdam: To have cleaner channels, Great Bubble Barrier, a simple device that channels
rubbish - especially small pieces of plastic - to the side of the Westerdok canal where it can
be retrieved. Tests have shown it can divert more than 80% of flotsam.

E-Waste
• Myanmar: the old computers and VCRs are reused or recycled by small private industries
while some used appliances are donated to areas where there is a lack of resources.
• Malaysia: The bins for collection of mobile phone batteries are placed at strategic positions. Nearly
350 bins were placed ingovernment offices, shopping complexes and telecommunications
companies to collect batteries, end-of-life mobile phones and their accessories.
• Argentina: Argentina initiated a project for preparing anational inventory and technical
directives to deal with e-Waste.

RENEWABLE ENERGY RELATED

Wind Energy
• Netherlands: Offshore wind farms have been established and connected to the main
electricity grid.

Solar Energy
• Empowering Public infrastructure: Public infrastructure like airports and railway stations
can be solarised. Eg: Kochi Airport is 100% solar power run
• Solar Panels on canals: Solar panels can be installed over Canals which will reduce land
acquisition costs as well as reduce evaporation from canals.
• Linkages with construction sector: To ensure a minimum level of solar infrastructure in
new real estate projects and reduction in usage of electricity

Hydro Energy
• Pumped Seawater: The sun doesn't always shine, the wind doesn't always blow, and even
the oceans are sometimes calm. Thus using the motion of the waves to pump water uphill,
which can be released again later to create on demand power.
• Linking hill states with hydro power: Hilly states have ample sloping water channels and
rivers which can be utilised for hydropower and thus making the states self reliant on power

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 Best Practices & Case Studies
GENERAL ENVIRONMENT RELATED

Wetland Conservation
• Lake Development authorities: Like in Rajasthan and Karnataka to monitor and mitigate
any harmful activities in and around lakes.
• Mekong WET: Building Resilience of Wetlands in the Lower Mekong Region” project aims
to build climate resilience by harnessing the benefits of wetlands in Cambodia, Lao PDR,
Thailand, and Viet Nam.

Coral Reefs
• Biorock Technology: The biorock building process grows cement-like engineering
structures and marine ecosystems, often for mariculture of corals, oysters, clams, lobsters and
fish in saltwater. It works by passing a small electric current through electrodes in the water.
• Underwater Robots: Underwater robots may be a key in helping us understand coral reef
systems. Underwater robots were recently developed by researchers at Scripps Institution of
Oceanography at the University of California San Diego.
• 3D Printing: 3D printing of portions of reefs can replace lost pieces of coral. These “fake”
reefs are thought to be less vulnerable to climate change and more resilient to changing
environmental conditions.

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