Linear Equations of the First Order

Equations Reducible to Linear form

General Solution of a Linear Equation
dy An equation of the form
Case 1 : Standard Form + yP ( x ) = Q ( x ) . . . Linear in y dy
dx + P ( x) y = Q ( x) yn , n  0
dx
: = exp   P ( x ) dx  = e 
P ( x ) dx
Intergrating Factor
dy
 y −n + P ( x ) y1−n = Q ( x )
Solution : y =  Q ( x ) dx + C dx
is called Bernoulli’s equation after James Bernoulli, who studied it in
1695. If n=1, then the above equation can be solved by separation
Case 2 : Standard Form
dx
+ xM ( y ) = N ( y ) . . . Linear in x of variables but if n≠1, then the equation can be solved using
dy z = y1− n and the solution of linear equations of the 1st order.
: = exp   M ( y ) dy  = e 
M ( y ) dy
Intergrating Factor
Solve each of the following differential equations and determine the
Solution : x =  N ( y ) dy + C constant of integration when initial conditions are given.

Solve the following 1. 2

dy y
− = 5 x3 y 3
dy dx x
− 2 y = e3 x
2. ( x 3 y 2 + xy ) dx = dy
1.
dx
dy
2.x + 3 y = x 2 3.
dy
+ y tan x = y 3 sec x
dx dx
3.( x − 2 y ) dy + ydx = 0 dx
4. = x 2 y + 2 xy; when x = 1 and y = 0
4.( x + 2 y 3 )
dy dy
=y
dx dy
5. y sin x − cos x = y 2
dx 4 x dx
5. − = y 5 ; x = 4 and y = 1
dy y
dy
6. − y tan x = 3e − sin x ; y = 4 and x = 0
dx
7.x 2 dy − sin 2 xdy + 3xydx = 0