BABU BANARASHI

DAS UNIVERSITY, LKO

ASSIGNMENT
CONSTRUCTION & MATERIAL - IX
AR-902
TOPIC : DEFECTS & REMEDIES

SUBMITED BY- SUBMITED TO-

ABHA PATEL Ar. URVASHI TIWARI
B.ARCH 5.1 Ar. ANAM WAHEED
1170101001
 CONSTRUCTION DEFECTS

DEFINITION:
 Construction defects usually include any deficiency in the performing or
furnishing of the design, planning, supervision, inspection, construction or
observation of construction to any new home or building.

REASONS FOR DEFECTS IN CONSTRUCTION:

• Design Deficiencies
• Material Deficiencies
• Construction Deficiencies
• Subsurface Deficiencies
 Basically the majority of defects result from :

• Building defect can be a physical problem in the building whether in the fabric,
structure or services, especially one that impairs correct function.
• It is also a deficit in performance occurring at any time in the lifecycle of the
element or building in which it occurs.
• The effect of biological agents example fungi.
• Changes in temperature.
From more practical aspect the majority of defects can be placed in one of
the three major groups:
1) Structural Defects
2) Non Structural Defects
3) Service Oriented Defects
Structural Defects in Building Construction:

Structural defects in buildings can be categorized as:

I. Cracks in foundation (substructure)
II. Cracks in floors and slabs (superstructure)
III. Cracks in Walls (superstructure)

These building defects can be caused by following factors:

• Improper soil analysis
• Improper Site selection
• Use of defective materials
• Substandard work
Most of the structural problems can be avoided by proper design and planning.
Non Structural Defects in Building Construction:

Non structural defects include:

• Defects in brick work
• Dampness in old structures
• Defects in plaster works
DAMPNESS
 It can be concluded that design and construction defects at the least can cause
minor cracking or spalling leading to concrete deterioration and may become a
source of a major structural failure.
 Therefore a great deal of attention and care is required in designing, detailing
and construction of concrete structure.
Service Oriented Defects in Building Construction:

• Defective or faulty electrical wiring or

lighting,
• Defective or faulty plumbing,
• Inadequate drainage systems,
• Faulty ventilation, cooling or heating
systems,
• Insufficient insulation or sound proofing
inadequate
• Fire protection suppression systems.

Defective or faulty plumbing

 CASE STUDY
PROBLEM NO- 1
DAMPNESS IN THE CEILING BELOW ROOF SLAB/TERRACES/BALCONIES.
CAUSES :
1. Roof slopes not proper, water stagnates at some points.
2. Rain water pipe choked. So water collects around that location and gradually
seeps below in the roof.
3. Overhead tank not water proofed so water seeps from it through its pillars to
the roof slab.
4. Water proofing of roof not properly carried up to the pillars of overhead water
tank because of which water can seep through this junction of pillars to the roof
slabs.
5. Water proofing treatment done over roof not carried up to specified height
over parapet wall.
 REMEDIES :
1. Correct the roof slopes wherever
required by putting screed
concrete and put adequate
number of rain water pipes.
2. Overflow pipe provided in the
O.H.T. at roof should be carried up
to the nearest rainwater pipe.
3. Roof topping concrete should not
be cast continuously but rather
laid in panels and the grooves
between panels should be filled
with a sealant or polymer mixed
cement.
DAMPNESS IN THE CEILING
 CASE STUDY

PROBLEM NO- 2

SEEPAGE IN THE CEILING BELOW ROOF SLAB IN THE CORNERS ALONG

JUNCTION OF WALL AND SLAB.

CAUSES :

1. Since the parapet load is low, the roof slab bends to lift at its comers due
to deflection causing crack.
2. Since the parapet load is low, slab is also able to T move due to thermal
contractions/expansion & shrinkage.
 REMEDIES :
1. By making brick or concrete
cornice at the bottom of parapet
wall and making drip mould in it.
2. By extending roof slab itself by 2”
to 3” beyond the load bearing
wall and making a drip mould at
the bottom.
3. By taking precautions that
minimum water drips through
roof and parapet wall to the
outside wall.

CORNERS ALONG JUNCTION OF WALL

 CASE STUDY
PROBLEM NO- 3
CRACKS TO BRICKWORK REMEDY :
1. By construction of the two brick walls at
the same time with the brickwork being
CAUSES :
interlocked.
1. This is the lack of tying in of brickwork.
2. Wall has been constructed and not tied
into the adjoining brickwork.
3. Case a half brick has been cut and abuts
the joining wall.
4. There is no form of tying in of the
brickwork, nor fixing.
CRACKS TO BRICKWORK
 CASE STUDY
PROBLEM NO- 4
RANDOM CRACK IN FLOORING PRECAUTIONS :
1. Cast flooring in panels do adequate curing
in the intial period of hardening of
CAUSES :
concrete.
1. Flooring has been cast
continuously without making
panels.
2. Cracks occur due to development
of tensile stresses on account of
shrinkage and thermal contraction
of concrete & occur mostly in the
first dry spell. CRACK IN FLOORING
 CASE STUDY
PROBLEM NO- 5
SEEPAGE IN THE WALLS OF TOILET ABOVE TOILET FLOOR LEVEL

CAUSES :
 Leakage in water supply lines which are
concealed in the walls.
REMEDIES :
 Make a chase in the wall along the route
of water lines in the toilet/bathroom and
expose these lines at the location of
dampness, then examine them for
leakage.
SEEPAGE IN THE WALLS
 CASE STUDY
PROBLEM NO- 6
ROOF /TERRACE CONCRETE SLAB POROUS IN GENERAL AND LOT OF FINE
HAIR LINE CRACKS BECAUSE OF WHICH WATER SEEPS :

CAUSES :
 Concrete not cast properly and mixing
and compacting not done uniformaly
and properly.
REMEDIES :
 Apply water profing coating over the
concrete slab.

CRACKED FLOOR/ ROOF

THANK YOU!

ABHA PATEL