INTRODUCTION TO

INTELLIGENT BUILDING
Submitted to : Ar. Aanshul Singh Submitted by : Vanshita Vyas
Asst. Professor B.Arch 5th Yr
What is INTELLIGENT
BUILDING ?

 The term intelligent building was first used by United

Technology Building Systems Corporation in 1981 in
the United States.
 The City Place Building in Hartford, Connecticut
(United States) was named as the world's first intelligent
building.
 According to the Intelligent Building Institute of the
United States, an IB can be defined as a building that
provides a productive and cost-effective environment
through optimization of four basic elements including
structures, systems, services, and management as well as
the interrelationship between them.
 The European Intelligent Building Group described the IB in a way that
creates an environment that maximizes the effectiveness of the building's
occupants, while at the same time enabling efficient management of resources
with minimum lifetime costs of hardware and facilities.
 As one of the first definitions, in 1983 Cardin defined an intelligent building as
“one which has fully automated building service control systems”.
 With the emergence of the concept of “intelligent building,” the buildings will
no longer be considered only as consumers but as producers of energy with the
ability of energy recycling.
 Although the main purpose of using these buildings is to reduce energy
consumption as well as increase the comfort and welfare of its residents.
 intelligent buildings are not intelligent by themselves, but they can furnish the
occupants with more intelligence and enable them to work more efficiently.
 The main goal of implementation of IBs is to reduce energy consumption
through energy saving and conservation.
 In Asia, the definitions focused on the role of
technology for automation and control of building
function.
 A connected building boasts an integrated
communications infrastructure that supports wire and
wireless networks and applications.
 It also facilitates person-to-person, person-to-machine,
and machine-to-machine communications within the
building and with the outside world using a state of art
intelligent, flexible, wired and wireless platform.
 It integrates various systems to effectively manage
resources in a coordinated mode to maximize technical
performance, investment and operating cost savings.
 Based on the definition published by the Public Works Department of Singapore’s government, an
intelligent building must accomplish three distinction conditions:
 The building should have advanced automatic control systems to monitor various facilities, including
air-conditioning, temperature, lighting, security, fire, etc. to provide a comfortable working
environment for the tenants.
 The building should have good networking infrastructure to enable data flow between floors.
 The building should provide adequate telecommunication facilities.
Need of INTELLIGENT BUILDING
 Technology is changing how we design and construct buildings and the building fabrics themselves .
 Intelligent buildings are the new Era in the field of construction throughout the world.
 It is Environment Friendly.
 It is cost Effective.
 It has many social benefits.
 High performance building.
Difference between
Ordinary and Intelligent
Building

 INTELLIGENT BUILDING : Intelligent building

adjusts the inside functional aspects such as lighting,
ventilation, fire-fighting, air-conditioning etc.
automatically with the change in the environmental
conditions controlled by the computer. The security
system, the communication system etc. are coordinated
and automatically controlled by computer workstation.

 ORDINARY BUILDING : Ordinary buildings there

will be different room condition depending on the
changes in the environmental conditions.The security
system, communication system, etc. are not coordinated
and automatically controlled by computer workstation.
Features of Intelligent Building
Components
Cost effective Environment
of energy
construction friendly
efficient
building
Access HVAC
Safety
control systems

Water
Management management
systems systems
  Cost-effective construction technologies can bring
down the embodied energy level associated with
Cost Effective production of building materials by lowering use of
energy-consuming materials.
Construction  Reducing construction cost by the reduction of
quantity of building materials through improved and
innovative techniques.
 Some of the improved cost-effective technology are
listed below:
Walls: Fly ash bricks, precast hollow concrete blocks (without
plaster), brick panels and precast wall panels may be used to get
reasonably good comfort with little cost.
Doors and Windows: Precast R.C.C. frames can save 25 to 30
per cent cost when composed with wooden frames. Instead of
wooden shutters particle board shutters may be used.
 Solar panels, smart shutters, and small wind turbines
and advanced framing techniques
Environment Friendly
Building
 An eco-friendly building is a building that uses fewer
natural resources and produces fewer emissions and
waste.
 Eco-friendly buildings are also designed to be beneficial
to the people within those spaces. Improved ventilation,
insulation, and natural lighting have a positive effect on
the occupants of the building and lead to improved
health, productivity, and overall quality of life.
 The primary aim of any eco-friendly building is
to minimize the building’s negative impacts and
maximize its positive contribution to the natural
environment.
Here are some of the features that define a building as eco-friendly:
 Energy efficiency and conservation: measures to reduce energy consumption and
maximize the efficiency of the energy used.
 Renewable Energy: using renewable energy like solar and wind power to meet the
needs of the building in whole or in part.
 Effective use of water: water use reduction efficiency and greywater recycling.
 Effective waste and emissions management: use of measures to reduce waste
generation and facilitate reuse and recycling. Implementation of measures to
minimize or offset emissions and pollution, especially air and water pollution.
 Sustainable Construction Materials: the building is built with materials that are
non-toxic, ethically, and sustainably sourced from suppliers with the least
environmental impact.
 Environmentally Conscious Construction Methods: the use of construction
techniques that focus on reducing the impact of construction on the surrounding
natural environment by reducing noise and light pollution and protecting local flora
and fauna from harm during the construction phase.
Eco-friendly Building Materials
• Reclaimed Timber
• Recycled Steel
• Bio composites
• Grass Crete paving
• Ferrok
• Insulated Concrete Forms
• Plant-Based Polyurethane Rigid Foam
• Straw Bales
• Structural Insulated Panel
• Plastic Composite Lumber
• Bamboo and Hemp
• Low Emissivity window glass
• Vacuum Insulation Panel
HVAC System  Stands for heating, ventilation and air conditioning.
 HVAC is basically climate control of confined space
with respect to requirements of persons or goods in
it. It also concerned with maintaining the indoor air
quality (IAQ).
 HVAC system works on the principles of
thermodynamics, fluid mechanics and heat transfer.
The HVAC system can effectively
control the air conditions of a given
parameter through heating by adding
thermal energy in an area to increase The are is cleaned by removing the
temperature, the cooling is done smoke, dust or pollens that
through decreasing the thermal contaminate the air.
energy in an area to decrease the
temperature.

The air is ventilated by maintaining Humidifying is done by adding steam

the gas ratio which can be done by or water vapor in an area to increase
adding external fresh air. the relative humidity.
Safety ( Fire System)  A fire fighting system is probably the most important of the building
services, as its aim is to protect human life and property, strictly
in that order.
 It consists of three basic parts:

 a large store of water in tanks, either underground or on

top of the building, called fire storage tanks
 a specialised pumping system,
 a large network of pipes ending in
either hydrants or sprinklers (nearly all buildings require
both of these systems)
How smoke detectors work ?
 First, there are ionization detectors.
These use a small bit of safely shielded
radioactive material that electrically
charges, or ionizes, the air molecules
between two metal plates. This produces
a small electric current flowing from
one plate to the other in the air. When
particles enter the chamber, they attract
the ions and carry them away, reducing
the current. When the number of
particles entering the chamber is enough
to reduce that current below a certain
amount, the device will register those
particles as smoke and the alarm will
sound.
 The other type of commonly used detection
technology is called photoelectric. This technology
works by detecting light that is reflected off particles
from a light beam inside the sensing chamber. When
no particles are present in the sensing chamber, the
light from the beam does not strike the light detector,
indicating all clear. When there are particles present
and the amount of light registered by the light
detector reaches a certain threshold level, the alarm
sounds.
Which is best, ionization or optical?
According to a detailed study by the US National
Institute of Standards and Technology: "Ionization type
alarms provided somewhat better response to flaming fires
than photoelectric alarms, and photoelectric [optical]
alarms provide (often) considerably faster response to
smoldering fires than ionization type alarms." Smoke
detectors are trivially inexpensive compared to the cost of
fire damage—and life, of course, is priceless. Although any
smoke alarm is better than none, fit both types of detector
if you possibly can.
How Sprinkler system works ?
 A sprinkler system is a network of pipes running through
the ceiling of a building holding water under pressure.
Each sprinkler is nothing but a faucet a hole in the pipe
through which water can escape into the building below.
 In a normal faucet, you turn a screw to open up
a valve that allows water to escape. In a sprinkler, the
hand-operated faucet is replaced by a heat-sensitive plug
designed to open automatically when fire breaks out.
 In sprinklers, plug are of two types
 In some sprinklers, the plug is made of
an alloy called Wood's metal, a mixture of bismuth,
lead, tin, and cadmium that melts at a relatively low
temperature.
 In other sprinklers, the plug is a small glass bulb full
of a glycerin-based liquid designed to expand and
shatter when it gets hot.
 The basic idea is the same in both cases: the plug is
meant to break and open the sprinkler as soon as a
fire breaks out.
 Wood metal sprinkler system working
The array of sprinklers is fed by water pipes in the
ceiling (1). Each sprinkler has two spring-like metal
arms (2) held together by a slug of the Wood's metal
(3).When the Wood's metal is intact, the spring arms are
locked together and clamp the water pipe closed so no
water can escape. Directly beneath each sprinkler, you'll
notice there's a flower-shaped piece of metal called a
deflector (4), but it doesn't do anything useful at this
stage.
If a fire breaks out beneath a sprinkler (5), hot gases swirl
upward toward the ceiling (6). When the temperature
reaches about 70°C (160°F), the Wood's metal melts,
allowing the two metal arms to spring open (7). Water
can now escape from the pipe just as it does from an
open faucet. It pours down from the pipe in the ceiling,
hits the flower-shaped deflector head directly beneath,
and falls to the ground in a gentle spray (8)
  Access control systems aim to control who has access to a building, facility, or
Access Control a “for authorized persons only” area. This is typically carried out by assigning
employees, executives, freelancers, and vendors to different types of groups or
access levels.
 Access control is a means of controlling who enters a location and when
 Increased control and security
 It will manage:
 Who has access
 Which doors they have access to
 What times they can gain access
 Under which conditions they’re allowed access
 It can be done in many ways :
 Fingerprint lock
 Voice and video intercom
 Code based access system
 Swipe card access system
 Biometric access system
 Surveillance through CCTV’s
  Use rainwater harvesting techniques
Water Management  Check for water leaks regularly
System  Water efficient plumbing & fixtures should be used.
 Grey water handling
 Water treatment, recycling and minimal disposal
 Eliminate Single-Pass Cooling - Single-pass cooling
circulates a continuous flow of water just once
through the system for cooling purposes before it
goes down the drain. EPA strives to eliminate single-
pass cooling in its laboratories. Instead, facilities have
air-cooled or recirculating chilled water systems.
 Use Water-Smart Landscaping and Irrigation -
Planting native and drought-tolerant plant species
minimizes the need for supplemental irrigation.
Landscape water use can also be reduced 10 to 20
percent by having an irrigation water audit.
Management System

 Energy management
 HVAC system
 Lighting system
 Lift and Escalator system
 Alarm monitoring(Fire)
 Water management system
Advantages of Intelligent Building
 Reduce energy consumption - Could reduce the energy consumption in a building by around 5% -35%.
 Improve building efficiency - Sensors help to identify overused and underused areas in the building, providing the
opportunity to optimize space utilization, which in turn can facilitate growth.
 Predictive maintenance - Sensors can detect building performance and activate maintenance procedures before an alert is
triggered. When you have a more insightful overview of how the building is operating – and used - it’s far easier to
implement maintenance at the right time.
 Increase productivity - Deliver a more comfortable experience for their occupants. This can raise standards and ensure that
health and safety considerations are being met, thus make people more productive.
 Better use of resources - The data generated by a smart building provides key insights that can be fed into planning and make use
of resources more efficient. There removes the need to rely on guesswork or anecdotal data as this can be informed by real-time,
genuine intelligence.
Disadvantages of Intelligent Building
 The initial cost of an installed system is high.
 Repairing problems.
 Requires special super vision over all configuration.
 Serviceability would be an issue unless users have a trained technician on the staff.
 Technological limitations.