LOYOLA HIGH SCHOOL

Don Carlos, Bukidnon

THE INCREASE IN DEMANDS OF E-CIGARETTES

IN THE LOCALITY OF DON CARLOS

Submitted by:

ANDRADE, Chinna Lou S.

HERMOSILLA, Kristi Mae N.

LLOREN, Mary Angela R.

MANEJA, Rhea Brenda R.

TIONGCO, John Raffel D.

Grade 11 St. Pius V

Submitted to:

Ms. Lurie Beam P. Carinlay

2020
 TABLE OF CONTENTS

CHAPTER 1: Introduction

A. Background of the Study 1-2

B. Objectives 3
C. Statement of the problem 3
D. Significance of the study 4
E. Scope and delimitation 4

CHAPTER 2: Review of Related Literature and Study 5-10

CHAPTER 3: Methodology 11

CHAPTER 4: Presentation of Data, Analysis and 12-13

Interpretation of Data

CHAPTER 5: Summary, Conclusion, and Recommendation 14-16

Acknowledgement 17

Documentation 18

Bibliography 19-20

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 CHAPTER I: INTRODUCTION

Background of the study

Smoking tobacco increases the health risk of the people, that around
five million die yearly according to Fernando-Callo & Dajime (2016). It impairs
the respiratory and cardiovascular system that may cause to death. And that
leads to a new invention called e-cigarettes created by Herbert A. Gilbert from
Beaver Falls, PA in 1967. To solve the rampant problem of the unrestrained
used of tobacco that is harmful to the body, he formulate this product that
made vaping popular. This invention is a non-tobacco cigarette device called
e-cigarette assert to bypass many of the health risks of tobacco smoking. This
invention has been in demand and trendy towards the cigarette smokers, as
an alternative way to lessen their addiction from the tobacco or cigarettes. As
vaping saw improvements to their cardiovascular health, according to a recent
British study conducted to the chronic smokers.

Consuming E-cigarettes can reduce the smokers’ excessive use of

tobacco cigarettes. Some smokers might quit from their addiction to harmful
chemicals produced by tobacco because of the new product which is E-
cigarettes. Supposedly, the E-cigarettes are intended only for the most legal
age people who are chain smokers of the tobacco, however, many teenagers
or underage now are using these products. And many vape products, one of
the most popular E-cigarettes, are mostly in demand in the locality of Don
Carlos, Bukidnon. Many Vape shops are now occurring in this locality, as
many tobacco smokers tried to change their toxic addiction. For every one
stick of a cigarette consists of 4000 chemicals that can be harmful in the body.
And the greatly affected victims are the second-hand smoke, it is the smoke
puffed out by smokers.

Minors is not allowed to smoke according to the law implemented by

the government, according to Republic Act No. 9211, otherwise known as the
"Tobacco Regulation Act of 2003", makes it unlawful for any person
under the age of 18 years to purchase, sell or smoke tobacco products. It is

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really illegal to sell tobacco cigarettes to the underage. As this law prohibit
minors to participate in those toxic substance produce by the tobacco, but still
it did not stop some minors to explore this kind of bad activity by using those
e-cigarettes. Those e-cigarettes are battery powered devices that work by
heating a liquid into an aerosol that the user inhales and exhales, usually
contains nicotine, propylene glycol, and other chemicals. As the product easily
gaining popularity and it was also marketed as safer to use than tobacco,
then, many minors are also encouraged to try it as they want to discover that
product. Not knowing that e-cigarettes could still cause lung-related deaths
and illnesses according to Department of Health (DOH).

Not only the chain smokers are interested by the product but also
those teenagers who don’t smoke from tobacco are also influenced by the
marketing strategy of the product that it is safer to use this than those
dangerous tobacco. And these e-cigarettes will be the opening gate for the
teenagers into smoking cigarettes. DOH are taking this issue seriously on how
many teenagers are greatly influenced by those product, that they plan to put
the taxes higher on e-cigarettes. Later part of this research study, will explain
why e-cigarettes are in demands among minors and how it can affect to their
health and what are the outcomes of these trends in our country, specifically
in the locality of Don Carlos, Bukidnon.

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 OBJECTIVE OF THE STUDY
2

This study sought to determine the perception of minors from the locality of
Don Carlos about the increase in demands of e-cigarette.

Specifically, the study aimed:

1. To identify the reasons of the increasing demands of E-cigarette

among minors in the locality of Don Carlos, Bukidnon.
2. To determine the negative effects of E-cigarettes among minors.
3. To list possible ways on how can we reduce the minors from using
those products.

This study aimed to determine the perception of minors from the locality of
Don Carlos about the increase in demands of e-cigarette.

Specifically, the study sought to answer the following questions:

STATEMENT OF THE PROBLEM

1. What are the reasons of the increase in demands of E-cigarette among

minors in the locality of Don Carlos, Bukidnon?
2. What are the negative effects of E-cigarettes among minors?
3. What are the possible ways on how can we reduce the minors from
using those products?

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 3

SIGNIFICANCE OF THE STUDY

The researchers are still persistent in finding solutions on how e-

cigarettes can influence minors to use it. Thus, the result of this study is very
helpful and can give benefits to the following:
 To the person who are using e-cigarettes, it serve them to have an idea
about the effect of particular product.
 To the people selling e-cigarettes, it will assists them to be more
careful in selling the products especially to the minors.
 To all individuals, it can be a great awareness to all that e-cigarettes
have a negative impact in their health if they will use it.
 To the future researchers, this will serve as one of their references in
conducting their research.

SCOPE AND LIMITATION

This study was primarily limited to be aware about the perception of

the minors in using the e-cigarette products. Particularly, this was concerned
to determine the reasons on the increase in demands of e-cigarettes among
minors in the locality of Don Carlos, Bukidnon. Providing information about the
negative effects of e-cigarettes among minors. It also covers the ways on how
this particular issue will be reduce in this locality. Furthermore, the
respondents of the study were those minors who are at 15-18 years of age.
The minors from Don Carlos, Bukidnon, as the primary target respondent of
the study, are the main source of information needed to get the desired
output, they are to answer questions through the use of questionnaire given
by the researchers.

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 CHAPTER II: REVIEW OF RELATED LITERATURE
4
The literature review of this study, addressing the increase in demands
of e-cigarette among the minors, includes varied scopes to be discussed in
order to understand more the problem regarding the use of minors of e-
cigarette products. In this chapter, varied reasons of minors in using e-
cigarette were discussed from different authors. Reasons, effects and ways
are enumerated to assess the perception of minors and what other factors
could have been influenced the minors to use e-cigarette.

Electronic cigarettes are new products that have not been adequately
studied. The toxicity of nicotine is known, but many other things are unknown.
There is limited information about the effects of nicotine, as delivered through
electronic nicotine delivery systems, on lung function. Users of electronic
cigarettes may inhale differently than smokers of combustible cigarettes. The
nicotine effect partly results from the temperature to which it is heated.
Electronic nicotine delivery systems continue to make nicotine available as
long as the user is inhaling it. Since nicotine satisfaction may depend on the
rate of absorption, a delay in its effects on the brain could result in overdosing.
The safety of inhaled flavorings is largely unknown. Products approved for
flavoring food cannot be assumed to be safe if inhaled. Lethal bronchiolitis
obliterans developed in workers at a microwave-popcorn plant who inhaled
the butter flavoring, diacetyl. Workers at flavoring manufacturing facilities had
respiratory symptoms and lung function abnormalities related to their
work. Asthma can arise from exposure to food flavoring. E-cigarette are one
of the world's fastest growing products and have overtaken traditional
cigarette use among school children in a recent United States government
survey. In the survey of US government they found that electronic cigarettes
are on pace to become more popular than combustible cigarettes in the not
too distant future (Schraufangel, 2015).

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 E-cigarette vapor contains many of the known harmful toxins of
traditional cigarettes, such as formaldehyde, cadmium, and lead, even though
usually at a reduced percentage. However, short- and long-term health
implications on e-cigarette users remain foggy. E-cigarette marketing is of
particular concern, because is creating
5 an illusion that e-cigarettes are safer
and healthier than conventional tobacco cigarettes, whereas their safety and
their potential role in smoking cessation is still a matter of ongoing debate. It is
a common assumption that adolescents have higher rates of impulsivity, and
therefore proclivity of adopting dangerous behaviors, rather than other age
groups. Marketing, especially through social media, has a salient role in
vaping promotion among adolescents; whereas retail stores are a prominent
source of e-cigarette display. Four Scottish communities participated in a
recent observational study in which a potential concern has emerged due to
the placement of e-cigarettes, in 36% of stores, near to products popular to
children. E-cigarettes are often marketed and displayed on countertops near
till points and next to products of particular interest to children and
adolescents; this may lead to the embracing of e-cigarettes as a broadly used
and accepted product. However, several US jurisdictions have passed laws
that increased the minimum age of sale for all tobacco products, including e-
cigarettes, to 21 years old so that minors can’t buy it (Perikleous et at., 2018).

E-cigarettes are devices that deliver aerosols of nicotine and other

volatile chemicals to the lung. Their use has rapidly escalated among youths
and they are now the most commonly used tobacco product among minors. In
25 countries, their sale is banned. In other nations, they are regulated as
tobacco-related products, medicines, poisons, electrical appliances or
consumer goods. Even in Europe, electronic cigarette regulation varies
widely. Some countries apply many regulatory domains whereas others apply
few. For instance, Portugal has regulations on child safety, advertising,
promotion, sponsorship, health warning labelling, ingredients, flavours,
minimum age, nicotine volumes and concentrations, reporting, safety, sale,
tax, and vape-free areas. In 2016, only 23 countries had implemented
minimum age-of-purchase policies, although a law on a minimum age-of-
purchase has little or no effect if it is not enforced. Minors are easily able to
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purchase electronic cigarettes from the internet because of absent or weak
age verification measures used by vendors. A recent study showed that
minors successfully received deliveries of electronic cigarettes from 77% of
purchase attempts and delivery companies never attempted to verify their age
at delivery. Strong regulation can protect youths from electronic cigarettes. In
2008, Korea regulated electronic cigarettes as tobacco products with
prohibitions on indoor use, sales to minors, advertising bans, health warnings
and taxes (Ferkol et al., 2018)
E-cigarettes are harmful to teenagers and urges adolescents to stop
putting their health at risk. Such toxic substances, the researchers add, are
found both in e-cigarettes and in traditional ones, and teenagers need to be
aware that even by opting for nicotine-free devices, they may still put
themselves in harm's way. This was the first study to have investigated the
presence of toxic, carcinogenic substances in the bodies of teenage e-
cigarette users. Some of the harmful chemicals that the scientists tested for
were acrylonitrile, acrolein, propylene oxide, acrylamide,
and crotonaldehyde all of which are listed as carcinogenic or potentially
carcinogenic to humans. Some of the substances tested for were detected in
the bodies of adolescents who used flavored, nicotine-free e-cigarette liquid.
These included propylene glycol and glycerol, which, although approved by
the FDA, can form carcinogenic compounds when heated. When they're
heated to the high temperatures required for vaporization, they can produce
toxic substances that are potentially carcinogenic (Cohut Ph.D. 2018)
E-cigarette use poses a significant and avoidable health risk to young
people in the United States. Besides increasing the possibility of addiction and
long term harm to brain development and respiratory health, e-cigarette use is
associated with use of other tobacco products that can do even more damage
to the body. Even breathing e-cigarette aerosol that someone has exhaled
poses potential health risks. Some people have suggested that use of e-
cigarettes by young people might "protect" them from using cigarettes. There
is no evidence to support this claim. Some studies show that non-smoking
youth who use e-cigarettes are more likely to try conventional cigarettes in the
future than non-smoking youth who do not use e-cigarettes. And among high

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school students and young adults who use two or more tobacco products, a
majority use both e-cigarettes and burned tobacco products. Burned tobacco
products like cigarettes are responsible for the overwhelming majority of
tobacco-related deaths and disease in the United States. Nicotine exposure
during adolescence, a critical period for brain development, can cause
addiction and can harm the developing brain (US Department of Health and
Human Services, n.d.).

Vaping is the act of inhaling and exhaling the vapor produced by the
heated nicotine liquid (often called “juice”) of an electronic cigarette (e-
cigarette or e-cig), vape pen, or personal vaporizer. It’s also commonly called
Juuling (pronounced jewel-ing). Some known risks of vaping are: E-cigarettes
contain high levels of nicotine. The nicotine content of one Juul pod is
equivalent to one pack of cigarettes. Because of these high nicotine levels,
vaping is extremely addictive — and teens are already more susceptible to
addiction than adults because their brains are still developing, which makes
them more likely to habituate to using drugs and alcohol. Addiction can impact
the ability to focus. Dr. Taskiran has observed this with the adolescents he
works with, who report that vaping initially increases their alertness and
attention, but then experience a decrease in attention span. The study found
that vaping does, in fact, cause lung irritation akin to that seen in smokers and
people with lung disease and causes damage to vital immune system cells
(Martinelli, n.d.).

Last November, the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention

showed a 78 percent increase in vaping by high school students, with 3.6
million high school and middle school students now using e-cigarettes. The
Food and Drug Administration has responded with aseries of proposals aimed
at reducing sales to teens. Research shows that most smokers start before
they are 21. Nicotine is extremely addictive, and children and young adults
are more susceptible than older people to the effects. Teens who vape are
also more likely to go on to smoke burned cigarettes. Dr. Farber insisted that
If you have good laws and you enforce those laws to keep tobacco out of the
hands of kids, fewer kids will get hold of tobacco. If you have ineffective and
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loose laws, and no enforcement, then kids will get hold of tobacco (Fox,
2019).

Harvey (2016) argued that e-cigarette use increases the risk for
contracting a variety of diseases and health conditions, including lung,
bladder, colorectal, esophageal, kidney, larynx, mouth, throat and other
cancers, respiratory infections, diabetes and coronary heart disease. Risk
levels increase steadily with the number
8 of packs of cigarettes smoked, along
with cumulative toxic effects on microvasculature that contribute to hair loss,
skin wrinkling and the risk for erectile dysfunction. Smoking e-cigarette and
exposure to second-hand smoke are harmful at all stages of life, starting
before birth. Some health effects can last a lifetime, and parents and
caregivers should be made aware of health risks and ways to reduce or avoid
them. Guidance for parents and families must be personalized to age and
context and provide messaging that is specifically meaningful for them. For
prevention to be successful, the health care provider’s focus should be family-
centred. Rather than concentrating on preventing smoking vape initiation in a
child or youth, consider informing parents about the positive effects of
smoking cessation during pregnancy and the first years of their child’s life.

Friedman (2015) claimed that understanding electronic cigarettes’

effect on tobacco smoking is a central economic and policy issue. His paper
examines the causal impact of e-cigarette access on conventional cigarette
use by adolescents. Regression analyses consider how state bans on e-
cigarette sales to minors influence smoking rates among 12 to 17 year olds.
Such bans yield a statistically significant 0.9 percentage point increase in
recent smoking in this age group, relative to states without such bans. Results
are robust to multiple specifications as well as several falsification and
placebo checks. This effect is both consistent with e-cigarette access
reducing smoking among minors, and large: banning electronic cigarette sales
to minors counteracts 70 percent of the downward pre-trend in teen cigarette
smoking for a given two-year period.

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 E-cigarette use among middle schoolers increased by 48 percent and
among high schoolers by 78 percent, according to the U.S. Centers for
Disease Control. More than a quarter of all high school students are frequent
e-cigarette users, with 28 percent vaping more than 20 times per month. To
get minors stop vaping schools should implement policies aimed at reducing
vaping in school, such as employing bathroom monitors and imposing
consequences like suspension or even expulsion. But these measures may
not be enough, especially if your teenager is becoming a more frequent and
addicted user. If you suspect your teen
9 is vaping, there are some things that
parents should do. Get your teenager talking, Weave in the facts, Appeal to
their desire to be their own boss. Help your teen get help (Gordon, n.d.).

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 10
CHAPTER III: METHODOLOGY

This study uses survey method to obtain the needed data and to
determine the perception of minors in the locality of Don Carlos, Bukidnon
regarding the increase in demands of e-cigarette products. This is to get the
general perception of the said group. This is to figure out what is/are the
reasons of the minors on why they are using e-cigarette, to determine the
negative effects of this particular product, and to list the possible ways on how
can we reduce the minors from using those products. Minors from the said
locality were asked to fill in a survey questionnaire consists of 13 questions in
order to determine the factors and their reason behind why they are using e-
cigarette whether it is a product of addiction and/or some other
circumstances.

There are 30 respondents of this study they are minors from the
locality of Don Carlos, Bukidnon, each of them were given survey
questionnaire and were asked different types of questions: what are the
reasons of the increase in demands of e-cigarette among minors; what are
the negative effects of e-cigarettes among minors; and what are the possible
ways on how can we reduce the minors from using those products. This is to
determine how they feel about using the e-cigarette product. All appropriately
fulfilled questionnaires were retrieved, prepared, organized, and compiled for
analysis of data.

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CHAPTER IV: PRESENTATION, ANALYSIS AND INTERPRETATION OF
DATA
This chapter will point out the presentation, analysis and interpretation
of the data gathered from the respondents of the study - the minors from the
locality of Don Carlos, Bukidnon, who were using e-cigarettes. The data
analysis and findings from 30 questionnaires completed by those underage
participants. The purpose of this study was to identify the reasons of the
increasing demands of e-cigarette among minors in the locality of Don Carlos,
Bukidnon.

Nowadays, mostly males aged 15-18 years old are using e-cigarettes
without knowing that it is considered as smoking. It may affect their body
negatively. Minors who are using e-cigarette, majority of them are non-
smoker, which means users of e-cigarettes, especially teenagers are to have
a tendency to use tobacco. As e-cigarettes may be a gateway to conventional
smoking. According to our survey, 76% of the minors claimed that they are
non-smoker before using e-cigarettes. There are many factors why minors
tend to use e-cigarettes, but we only choose the most reasonable cause.
These are the following.

Factors Percentage
It’s a trend. 11.11%
To look cool. 5.56%
It’s better than tobacco. 22.22%
To try something new. 14.44%
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 To help relax. 18.89%
My friends are using it. 27.78%

This table indicates the percentage of the reasons of the increasing

demands of e-cigarette and their overall general percentage in every various
reasons: It’s a trend, to look cool, it’s better than tobacco, to try something
new, to help relax, and my friends are using it. Evaluating this table, it shows
that the factor “My friends are using it”, which gained 27.78% are the main
reason why minors are using e-cigarettes. Next reason is, “It is better than
tobacco”, 22.22%, and the third one is, “To help relax”, 18.89%. Those are the
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top 3 main reasons that a minor started to use e-cigarettes.

Precentage

3%
30%

Family Self Friends

67%

Minors are easily be influenced by the people that surrounds them,

especially their friends, since they think many are using e-cigarette products,
they will do it also. Aside from the table shown above, friends, family and their
self, may also be the main cause of the use of e-cigarettes among minors.
Since they are the one, which the user always together with and they are the
one who usually guide the minors. Since teenagers are more in exploring age,
they always think their friends are right. As we gathered the survey for this, as
for who are the origin of this problem, there are three important persons for
this issue. Shown into the pie chart below.

As we can see in the pie chart, friends are more influential that caused
the minors to engage themselves in such activity of their friends, which is
using e-cigarette. That is why many minors in the locality of Don Carlos,
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Bukidnon, using it that led to the increase in demands of e-cigarette in this
town. The higher percentage is the friends (67%), next is the self (30%), and
lastly, family (3%).

CHAPTER V: SUMMARY, CONCLUSION, AND RECOMMENDATION

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This chapter presents the summary of the study conducted on the

minors of the locality of Don Carlos, Bukidnon. Based on the findings,
conclusions are made and proposed recommendations are presented.

Summary

The purpose of this study was to analyze the reasons of why minors
are using e-cigarette, what are the reasons and who. We conducted a survey
to determine the different factors and reasons that caused minors to use this
products.

Minors from the locality of Don Carlos, Bukidnon were chosen to be an

instrument of our experimentation, to determine the various reasons why they
are using e-cigarettes. Our survey began on February 4, 2020 to March 13,
2020. We surveyed the minors who have been using e-cigarettes, having the
questionnaires the researcher made, and having permission from the
respondents to have the information we want and collected it, for us to
compile. As we distribute set of questions to the 30 respondents, mostly male
minors, who were recorded from our information, these were the teenager
who were using e-cigarette. The survey was expected to unveil the e-cigarette
minors that are users and their various reason. It shows that the reason why
they engage into such activity is because of their friends using it (27.78%), it’s
better than tobacco (22.22%), to help relax. (18.89%), to try something new
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(14.44%), it’s a trend ( 11.11%), and lastly, to look cool ( 5.56%). And
according from the minors’ answers, most of all these are caused by peer
pressure or from their environment.

Conclusion

The study assessed that minors in the locality of Don Carlos, Bukidnon,
are using e-cigarettes, especially males, aged 15-18 years old, and
associated by peer pressure caused by their friends. As their friends
influenced their decision either positively or negatively. But, in the case
of the using of e-cigarette, it is 14
negatively. E-cigarettes are in demand
today because it is better than tobacco but because of this, there are a
lot of minors wanting to try this product, since it is said to be most safe
than tobacco cigarette. As many uses this kind of product, as it is
exploding in popularity, adults- smoker and non-smoker engaged to
this product, as it can also convinced minors to use it. Minors who
were non-smokers may be converted into a tobacco smoker because
using e-cigarette, it’s a gateway to conventional smoke. Since
teenagers are curios of things like smoking tobacco, so, as an
alternative way they try to use e-cigarette. If many teenagers will
continue to use e-cigarette, there might be a high tendency of using e-
cigarette in this locality will be normal in the eyes of the teenagers and
might convince others to try those product as everyone is using it. We
are now in the 21st century, where advance technology are present,
where society are changing into more wild and convenient era. People
do what they want or pleased to do, so the teenagers also. In
conclusion, e-cigarette must be heavily regulated, as mostly minors are
engaged to it.It is for parents, to take good care, and guide their
children, especially males to understand more how life is important and
that in trying and exploring things, there is a limit.

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 RECOMMENDATION
15
To be able to finish a research paper isn’t easy. Difficulty since factors

to consider like schedule, duties and responsibilities as well as financial

capacity matters. The researchers faced a lot of troubles along the process of

making. Therefore the researcher suggest to the next set of researchers that

they should choose a feasible topic that they are familiar or for them to easily

predict the flow of the study since wise choosing of topic a great factor.

Another is in the process of making; the researchers should be consistent in

determination to finish the study and work in collaboration. Problems may

arise and researcher should be matured enough to manage these. In the

gathering of data, the researchers should be resourceful and creative in using

the resources wisely and one thing that should not be forgotten is to always

pray to the almighty father so that guidance will come at hand.

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 ACKNOWLEDGEMENT
16
We, the researchers would like to extend our gratitude to all those
persons who in one way or another, helped made this research or study a
successful one.

First and foremost, to our loving and Omnipotent God, our Almighty
Father, who granted us the blessings and guidance to be able to finish the
study despite all the struggles and difficulties we met along the road.

To Ms. Lurie Beam P. Carinlay, who, despite a tight schedule, bared

with us patiently and guided us in the process of making this study possible
and most of all, provided us all opportunity to be able to do such rare study we
never experienced before.

And to our dear great parents, who provided us the financial and moral
support for us to be able to finish the study as well as certain persons like
friends who help just as well as the others.

From the bottom of our hearts, thank you to all who rendered a helping
hand may it be financial or moral support. We wouldn’t be successful without
your support.

Ad Majorem Dei Gloriam!

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DOCUMENTATION
17

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