Project Report ON "Sanitation Tunnel"

PROJECT REPORT
ON
“SANITATION TUNNEL”
NAME OF THE STUDENTS ENROLLMENT NO.
PRASAD BALRAM DAS FS18ME049
DHARMESH UTTAM KHAIRE FS18ME004
VAIBHAV RAMESH GHUMARE FD19ME002
OMKAR VIJAY PAKHARE FS17ME052
REPORT SUBMITTED IN FULFILLMENT OF THE

REQUIREMENT OF DIPLOMA IN MECHANICAL
ENGINEERING
UNDER THE GUIDANCE OF
Prof. N. N. ANSARI
DEPARTMENT OF MECHANICAL ENGINEERING

GOVERNMENT POLYTHCHNIC MUMBAI
2020-2021
GOVERNMENT POLYTECHNIC MUMBAI 1|Page

Government polytechnic Mumbai
(An Academically Autonomous Institute of Government of Maharashtra)
49, Kherwadi, Ali Yawar Jung Marg, Bandra (E), Mumbai- 400051
Department of Mechanical Engineering
CERTIFICATE
This is to certify that the following students of Third Year Diploma Programme in Mechanical Engineering
from Government Polytechnic Mumbai, have successfully completed the project work titled,
“SANITATION TUNNEL” during the academic year 2020-21, under the guidance of Prof. N. N. Ansari
NAME OF THE STUDENTS ENROLLMENT NO.
PRASAD BALRAM DAS FS18ME049
DHARMESH UTTAM KHAIRE FS18ME004
VAIBHAV RAMESH GHUMARE FD19ME002
OMKAR VIJAY PAKHARE FS17ME052
Project guide: Head of Mech. Engg. Dept.:

(Prof. N. N. Ansari) (Prof. D. H. Kamble)
Principal: External examiner:

(Prof. S. Deshpande) (Name and signature)

ACKNOWLEDGEMENT
The project, “SANITATION TUNNEL” is creative work of many minds. A proper synchronization
between individual it must for any project to be completely successfully.
We are grateful to our Principal Prof. Swati Deshpande and Prof. D. H. Kamble, Head of Mechanical
engineering department for making requisite facilities available and for their special guidance.
We undertake opportunities to express our gratitude towards our Prof. N. N. Ansari for their valuable
guidance, support and constant support throughout the project.
Particular thanks owned to all the other staff members of Mechanical Engineering Department who has
guided us through excellent suggestions. A word of thanks for those people who have helped us to make our
project successful.
Last but not least we are thankful to our parents and friends for their constant inspiration, encouragement
and well wishes by which we have made this project

PREFACE
As a part of the Mechanical Engineering curriculum and in order to gain practical Knowledge in the field
of Engineering, we are required to make a report on our project “SANITATION TUNNEL”. The Basic
Objective behind doing this project report is to get knowledge tools of different tools of proper sanitation.
In this project report we have included various concepts, effects and implication regarding proper use of
‘sanitation’. Subject to the limitation of time efforts and resources every possible attempt has been made to
study the problem deeply.
Doing this Project report helped us to enhance our knowledge regarding the work in to the sanitation of the
person to the proper using of sanitizer, it’s installation to each and every part of it while doing we undergo
many experiences related with our topic concepts. Through this report we come to know about importance of
team work and role of devotion towards the work.
The whole project has been divided into 7 chapters
 Introduction
 Literature Review
 Bill of materials and Diagrams
 Manufacturing Process
 Need of sanitation
 Assembly, Installation and Testing.
 Conclusion

ABSTRACT
Sanitation tunnels are already available in market. However,Covid-19 is one of the most important
because of which it is very useful in daily services. It can be must useful for red zone
areas in our city and on duty workers.
Once this pandemic blows over, it’s a sight that might greet when you return to work or as you enter in
market, Railway station, or any other place where a large number of people gather. They are called as
Disinfection tunnels. As you Pass through them, sometimes after washing your hands, nozzle spray
disinfectant mist on you which reportedly kills most germs, viruses hopefully including Covid-19.
This report focuses on the modification of sanitizing tunnel for, by using minimum cost products.
This tunnel is consisting of sensors, nozzle spraying sanitizer on a body, electric motor. Due to which the
electricity load isn’t much due not operating continuously, and the human sensor helps a lot which does not
causes wastage of sanitizer it has been explained all about “sanitation tunnel”, in the report details about all
components to the assembly, testing, and also the safety data sheet and much more.

TABLE OF CONTENTS
 Certificate:
 Acknowledgement:
 Preface:
 Abstract:
Chapter 1 - INTRODUCTION
1.1. Introduction
1.2. Fundamentals of sanitation
1.3. Need of project
1.4. Objective of project
Chapter 2 - LITERATURE REVIEW
2.1. Introduction
2.2. Literature review
2.3. History of sanitation
2.4. Pros and Cons
Chapter 3 –DESIGN CONSIDERATION
3.1. Introduction
3.2. Design Methodology

.

Chapter 4 – NEED OF SANITATION
4.1. Introduction
4.2. Safe use of Alcohol based Sanitizer
4.3. Sanitizer Used
4.4. Safety Data Sheet
Chapter 5 – ASSEMBLY, INSTALLATION AND TESTING
5.1. Introduction
5.2 Assembly
5.2.1. Frame
5.2.2. DC Pump
5.2.3. Ultrasonic Sensor
5.2.4. Power Supply
5.2.5 Nozzle
5.2.6. Plastic Cover
5.2.7. Printed Board Circuit
5.3. Installation
5.4. Testing
Chapter 6 – BILL OF MATERIALS AND COSTING
6.1. Introduction
6.2. Bill of materials
6.3. Costing
6.4. Gantt Chart

Chapter 7 – DISCUSSIONS AND CONCLUSION
7. Conclusion
REFERENCE

LIST OF FIGURES
Sr. No. Figure No. Title Page no.

1 3.2.1 Projected views of the structure 24
2 3.2.2 Structural members used to fabricate the 25

tunnel structure
3 3.2.3 Electrostatic atomization 26
4 3.2.4 Controller block diagram 27
5 3.2.5 Controller operational layout and 28

logic map
6 5.2.1 Frame 37
7 5.2.2 DC Pump 38
8 5.2.3 Ultrasonic Sensor 39
9 5.2.4 Power Supply 40
10 5.2.5 Nozzle 41
11 5.2.6 Plastic Cover 42
12 5.2.7 Printed Circuit Board 43
13 5.3 Installation Diagram 44
14 6.4 Gantt Chart 47

LIST OF TABLES
Sr. No. Table No. Title Page no.
1 5.4 Experiment Results -
2 6.2.1 Bill of Materials 46
3 6.2.2 Consumables Required 46
4 6.3.3 Costing 47
GOVERNMENT POLYTECHNIC MUMBAI 10 | P a g e

CHAPTER 1-
INTRODUCTION

CHAPTER 1. INTRODUCTION
1.1 INTRODUCTION -
Choosing the best cleaning system can be confusing because there are so many types of cleaning equipment,
cleaning compounds, and sanitizers to choose from. Truly all-purpose cleaning compounds, sanitizers, or
cleaning units do not exist. This is because different types of soil, different surfaces, and different food
operations have different needs. This chapter discusses when and how to use different types of cleaning
equipment. Mechanical cleaning and sanitizing equipment is valuable. It can cut down the time spent on
cleaning and make cleaning more efficient. A good mechanical cleaning system can cut labor costs by up to
50% and should pay for itself in less than 3 years. A mechanized cleaning unit can also do a better job of
removing soil from surfaces than can hand cleaning. Skilled employees should be chosen to operate cleaning
and sanitizing equipment, and qualified managers should supervise these steps.
Technical representatives of Chemical companies that manufacture cleaning compounds and sanitizers are
qualified to recommend cleaning equipment for various uses. But managers should not rely on
recommendations from enthusiastic sales representatives. Managers should consider the technology of
cleaning and sanitizing problems. They should watch during cleanup to make sure that employees are using
cleaning equipment properly.
Effective cleaning and sanitation programs are essential to ensure microbial quality in the 39 manufacture of
cosmetics and personal care products. Cleaning procedures and 40 sanitation procedures should be validated
in order to consistently meet hygienic 41 manufacturing requirements. The design of cleaning and sanitation
procedures should 42 take into account the product formulation, engineering design of equipment, and all
aspects 43 of manufacturing.

1.2. FUNDAMENTALS OF SANITATION -
The term ‘sanitation’ is relatively new to public health vocabulary. In an article on detergents and
disinfectants used in dish washing, Mallman (1) proposed “the word sanitation for want of a better term to
describe the process of rendering eating utensils free from disease producing bacteria and other
organisms. The word ‘sanitize’ has been used commercially for several months in referring to laundered
products such as towels, clothes, etc., which are claimed exert a killing action on disease producing
organisms to kill these sanitation has to be done.
1.3. NEED OF PROJECT -
The principle behind India’s new disinfectant tunnels is simple: wash your hands and walk through a
tunnel in which overhead sprayers sprinkle disinfectant. This two-step process can considerably reduce the
number of germs on an individual.
Reportedly, China began using such methods in February when a disinfectant tunnel was installed in the
city of Chongqing. The solution being used in the Tiruppur district of Tamil Nadu, where the first unit has
been erected at the entrance to a large market, is diluted 1 per cent Sodium Hypochlorite. The dilution rate
is one part per million (ppm). In a statement by the District Collector, it was announced that World Health
Organization (WHO) guidelines are being followed. The unit was tested and reviewed by a team of doctors
who have deemed it safe. Even though the exact levels of efficacy on people passing through this tunnel
cannot be determined, the unit will help supplement other measures like maintaining social distancing and
wearing a mask for better personal hygiene.
The idea for this system came from Young Indians, a non-profit entity with the Confederation of Indian
Industry (CII). Their initiative was accepted by the administration, fine-tuned, built and set up. Across the
world, in addition to existing measures to combat the spread of coronavirus, new ones such as these
disinfection tunnels are being tested and employed. Authorities in the Bosnian capital of Sarajevo also
began installing locally produced disinfection tunnels outside the city's administration buildings. While
relatively cost effective and easy to set up, this model can be replicated across the country. However, it is
still important to note that disinfection tunnels are not meant to be one hundred percent effective and are
only supplementary to existing measures like washing hands, wearing masks and maintaining physical
distance.

1.4. OBJECTIVES OF PROJECT -
To develop the sanitation tunnel, which can be use during any period also, sanitizing objectives are as
follows-
1. To study the fundamentals of sanitation
2. To understand the working and nozzle and sensor
3. To design the mechanical components, required for modified
4. To develop the automatic sanitation tunnel
5. To understand proper use of sanitizer.

CHAPTER 2-
LITERATURE REVIEW

CHAPTER 2. LITERATURE REVIEW
2.1.INTRODUCTION -
Sanitation has become one of the main aspects in your day-to-day during this covid-19 pandemic. To
ensure and keep yourself safe sanitation is carried out. Since, sanitation of your working place should be
safe in order do so, this sanitation tunnel would help us a lot since, no can assure 100% safety but by
taking certain precaution we can try to keep out us from this viruses in your day-to-day life.
2.2. LITERATURE REVIEW -

1. Scientific Disinfectant spray tunnels not harmful -
Using a scientific design and correct amount of disinfectant inside spray tunnels can actively
reduce bacteria and other microbes on clothes and external body, a joint study by the
CSIRNational Chemical Laboratory (NCL), Pune, and the Institute of Chemical Technology
(ICT), Mumbai, has found.
Article by TIMES OF INDIA (TOI)
Published on 24 th April, 2020
Link - https://m.timesofindia.com/city/pune/scientific-disinfectant-spray-tunnels-not-harmful-
study/amp_articleshow/75335824.cms
2. India’s Disinfectant Tunnels – Emerging strategies to combat Coronavirus

The principle behind India’s new disinfectant tunnels is simple: wash your hands and walk through a
tunnel in which overhead sprayers sprinkle disinfectant. This two-step process can considerably reduce
the number of germs on an individual.
Reportedly, China began using such methods in February when a disinfectant tunnel was installed in
the city of Chongqing.
Article by INVEST INDIA
Published on 05 th April, 2020
Link - https://www.investindia.gov.in/team-india-blogs/indias-disinfectant-tunnels-emerging
strategies-combat-coronavirus

3. COVID 19: Experts flag safety, scientific basis of Disinfection tunnel
Taking the battle against COVID-19 transmission to a new level, the local administration in a few
districts, including Thrissur and Ernakulam, has introduced disinfection tunnels which spray
hypochlorite fumes on people to sanitise them.
Article by THE NEW INDIAN EXPRESS
Published on 03rd October, 2020
Link - https://www.newindianexpress.com/states/kerala/2020/apr/12/covid-19-experts-flag-safety-
scientific-basis-of-disinfection-tunnel-2128920.html
4. IIT Guwahati start-up develops tunnel that can disinfect you in seven
seconds for just Rs.2
Dr Mihir Kumar Purkait, Head of Centre for the Environment, and professor at the Department of
Chemical Engineering and Dr Prabir Kumar Saha, Department of Chemical Engineering at the institute
are spearheading the start-up and the project. The disinfectant tunnel is a full-body disinfection chamber
meant to decontaminate one personnel at a time. High-pressure nozzles spray the disinfectant fluid in the
form of a fine mist filling the chamber. This fluid disrupts the protein structure of microorganisms on t he
surface, thus killing them eventually.
The body gets exposed to a lot of germs, bacteria and viruses on transport or outdoor places especially
amid the outbreak of such a life-threatening disease. What is unique about our tunnel is the mist formation
using a nozzle so it will be uniformly distributed on the object or human body and not just hands or parts
of the body. It will work on any kind of virus or microorganisms, not just the COVID-19 virus. Any
standard disinfectant can be used in the tunnel," explains Dr Purkait.
Article by THE NEW INDIAN EXPRESS (edex Live)
Published on 03rd June, 2020
Link - https://www.edexlive.com/campus/2020/jun/03/iit-guwahati-start-up-develops-tunnel-that-can-
disinfect-you-in-seven-seconds-for-just-rs-2-12420.html

5. Explained what are Disinfection Tunnels and are They safe…
Once this pandemic blows over, it’s a sight that might greet you when you return to work, or as you enter a
mall, market, railway station, airport or any other place where a large number of people gather. They are
called Disinfection Tunnels. As you pass through them, sometimes after washing your hands, nozzles spray
a disinfectant mist on you which reportedly kills most germs and viruses, including, hopefully, the COVID-
19.
Versions of these tunnels are already up and running at various places in the country, including several
farmers’ markets, police stations and other public places in Tamil Nadu, Karnataka, Telangana, Kashmir,
West Bengal and Kerala, Bihar, Uttar Pradesh, Delhi NCR and Punjab, and the list is rapidly growing.
Article by RAMANANDA SENGUPTA (Consultant Editor of Outlook)
Published on 09th April, 2020
Link: - https://www.outlookindia.com/website/story/india-news-explained-what-are-disinfection-tunnels-
and-are-they-safe/350364
6. Positive observation: installation of disinfection tunnels

One of our members has installed a disinfecting tunnel providing an additional control measure in the fight
against the spread of COVID-19 and other diseases. The disinfectant system is equipped with a motion-
activated sprayer that will trigger misting and disinfects of any person who walks through it.
The equipment was arranged in partnership with a local port provider. The disinfectants used in the tunnel
are compliant with local guidelines and known to be safe and environmentally friendly.
Article by International Marine Contractors Association (ICMA)
Published on 05th May, 2020
Link: - https://www.imca-int.com/safety-events/positive-observation-installation-of-disinfection-tunnels/

7. Now, disinfection tunnel in Tiruppur to prevent COVID-19 spread
The ‘disinfection tunnel’ is part of efforts by the Tiruppur District administration to prevent further spread
of corona virus. People who enter the market are asked to wash their hands and walk through the
‘disinfection tunnel’ for three to four second
“The tunnel adds value to our efforts to prevent further outspread of COVID-19. The solution used to
spray is 1 per cent of sodium hypochlorite in 1 ppm and it has been tested and reviewed by a team of
doctors,” the Collector told DH.
Article by DECCAN HERADL
Published on 01st April, 2020
Link - https://www.deccanherald.com/national/south/now-disinfection-tunnel-in-tiruppur-to-prevent-
covid-19-spread-820051.html
2.3. HISTORY OF SANITATION TUNNEL -
The first sanitizing tunnel for public use was inaugurated on Saturday by Joint Collector L. Shiva Shankar at
the temporary rythu bazaar that has come up at Dr. L. Bullayya College Grounds. Set up by Moray Smart
Solutions, a Vizag-based company that deals with fire safety and security equipment and solutions, the
company has named it as ‘Scanitizer’, as it can perform a number of tasks. The tunnel built in a canopy
measuring 10 / 12 feet, is fitted with four sprinklers that spray water vapour mixed with sodium
hypochlorite. The number of sprinklers can be added and even the canopy size can be altered and sprinklers
can be placed both overhead and from the sides. It all depends on the requirement and can be tailor made to
the specifications, said B. Jagadeesh Kumar, Managing Director of the company. The concept of sanitizing
tunnel, has gained prominence after the outbreak of COVID-19. The advantage is that it can sanitise a
number of people at the same time and can cater to a large gathering. Describing the tunnel at Bullayya
College, Mr. Jagadeesh said, “At a time five to six persons, who enter and exit the rythu bazaar, can walk
through the tunnel. It takes about 3 to 5 seconds to walk through, and it is enough time to disinfect the
person including his or her clothing, as we use sodium hypochlorite solution.”
Since the spraying or dousing is done in vapour form, people do not get wet and the spraying is done
through high pressure dousing pumps, using sprinklers or nozzles. Moreover, sprinklers are connected to
smart sensors and open up only when a person walks through the tunnel.

2.4. Pros and Cons -
Advantages of disinfectant tunnels

• An added line of defense against the virus.
A disinfectant or sanitation tunnel is essentially meant to ward off infections and curb the spread of
communicable disease by sanitizing the external part of a person. This makes people believe that it will be
effective against the COVID-19 that is wreaking havoc throughout the world.
• It reduces the chances of the virus spreading.
The disinfectant tunnel works by spraying a solution to kill off germs and reduce the spread of stronger
viruses. However, its effect on the Covid-19 virus remains to be seen.
• It removes any biological threats that can be passed on to others
Communicable diseases (whether they are as simple as a common cold or as complex as the COVID-19) are
easily spread. Therefore, whole body sanitation may ensure that these diseases are not passed on to others.
• A disinfectant tunnel cleans the entire body, not just hands.
Medical personnel have repeatedly advised the public to maintain the highest levels of hygiene to avoid
contracting the Coronavirus. People have been instructed to wash and sanitize their hands regularly with a
combination of soap and water or an alcohol based sanitizer. The disinfectant tunnel goes a step ahead and
disinfects ALL body parts.
• It is economical to install
Such new technologies and innovations are often thought to be expensive (especially when an acute shortage
of funds grips the market). However, many disinfectant tunnels are extremely economical besides being
updated with specialized spraying mechanisms and sensors.
• Suitable enough for high footfall places
Public spaces like airports, metro stations, shopping malls, etc., are thronged by a high number of people on
a daily basis. In such places, many asymptomatic carriers of the COVID-19 may brush shoulders with
others, increasing the spread of the virus. Disinfection tunnels provide safety against such possibilities.

Disadvantages of disinfectant tunnels
• Its safety is debatable.
For a virus that has baffled scientists across the world, using an unconfirmed solution could prove to be
dangerous. And, so it is with disinfection tunnels. The disinfectant tunnel has not been properly tested, and
has yet to be checked for safety.
• The safety of chemicals being used in disinfection tunnels is questionable
The solutions used by disinfection tunnels have been repeatedly questioned by medical experts and
scientists. The main chemical being used is sodium hypochlorite, which if inhaled, can cause irritation and
lead to severe health issues. This solution is traditionally used to disinfect large water bodies inanimate
objects. The effects of spraying it on humans might lead to some adverse effects.
• The World Health Organization’s stance
The World Health Organization (WHO) has not advised people to install the disinfectant tunnel, which
means that no authentic body has so far claimed its effectiveness. In fact, it warns that these tunnels are
meant to supplement, and not replace other measures like washing hands regularly, maintaining proper
hygiene, wearing a mask, and maintaining social distancing.

CHAPTER 3 -
DESIGN CONSIDERATIONS

CHAPTER 3. DESIGN CONSIDERATIONS
3.1 INTRODUCTION -
The main objective behind design is to making this design ergonomically viable mainly concerns with
developing the proper space to provide best spraying that reaches the each and every corner at proper
angles and to give proper assistance to the peoples and also can be accessible to wheelchair.
3.2 DESIGN METHODOLOGY –
The design methodology for accomplishing the objectives of the project has to go through some
significant stages. The result will be based on what has been used correctly in the design
methodology to get the final prototype of the project. To get the final prototype we have to follow the
following stages:
 A good relevant research and background of the project have to be completed at the first stage
of the project.
 Design the preliminary drawings for the system through AutoCAD
 Selecting materials that is suitable for the prototype based on light weight and more durable.
 Selecting for a motor that is able to spray the disinfectant through the nozzle .
 Preparation of circuit diagram.
 Attachment motor in contact with the sensor.

3.3 DESIGN OF COMPONENTS
Structural Design
In this section, the design and the material of the proposed tunnel are discussed. Figure below shows the
tunnel’s side and isometric views. The tunnel chambers are made of PVC Pipe members.
3.2.1 Projected views of the structure
The floor of the chambers is made of with a thick rubber sheet. The floor of the sanitation chamber is
adequately sloped with holes to drain out the excess solution sprayed. Figure below shows the dimensions of
each structural member used for fabricating the structure of the tunnel.

3.2.2 Structural members used to fabricate the tunnel structure
Functioning
The sanitation chamber, which sprays a mist of herbal disinfectant solution or sodium hypochlorite solution,
a chlorine compound often used as a disinfectant or a bleaching agent. The mist is generated by a suitable
arrangement of nozzles as the person passes through the chamber. A suitable fan is used for directing the
uniform distribution of mist over the person. Sodium hypochlorite is a component of commercial bleaches
and cleaning solutions and used as a disinfectant for drinking and wastewater purification systems and
swimming pools in very mild concentrations. However, a slightly high concentration of sodium hypochlorite
could lead to mild to extremely serious side effects, ranging from skin and eye irritation to severe burns;
therefore, the concentration should be used as per the government/ ICMR guidelines. Any other chemical
recommended by leading health agencies could also be used in approved concentrations.

Disinfectant Spraying Mechanism
The disinfectant tunnel consists of a spray mechanism for a disinfectant solution. The various components
used in the spray mechanism include low flow rate high-pressure pump, mist fan, electrostatic nozzles,
disinfectant fluid, fluid tank, pipes, electrical components, and microcontroller. This chamber is fully
automated with various sensors and actuators. No manual operation is required, which reduces the chances
of virus spread and makes the whole disinfection process more efficient. It has the potential to kill (or
neutralize) the virus if used properly. A major objective was to develop a user-friendly spray chamber with
full effectiveness against the coronavirus.
For this application, an ultra-fine spray of droplet size < 30 microns is generated so that the spraying is
uniform with minimal use of a disinfectant. To achieve this, electrostatic nozzles are used, which can
produce such small-sized droplets from the fluid using the “Electrostatic Atomization” process. In this
process, an intense electric field is applied around the atomizer by using a special kind of charged
electrostatic nozzle. Due to the electric charge, repulsion forces are created between the atomizer and the
spray fluid. These repulsive forces are responsible for the atomization of fluid film into ultra-fine droplets.
The droplet size depends upon three main factors: the strength of the electric field applied, fluid flow rate,
and fluid properties. The electrostatic spray also increases the spray angle to cover a higher surface area
3.2.3. Electrostatic atomization

Controller Design
The functionality of the tunnel is very good because of the high degree of automation and the use of a
microcontroller and several sensors.
3.2.4. Controller block diagram
In the tunnel, the entry and the exit of a person are sensed by the ultrasonic sensors represented by S1 & S2
(Shown in above figure). The sensors can detect the presence of a human from a 2–450 cm distance. Here,
LGe represent the green light at the entry of the tunnel & LG1 represent the green light at the exit of the
tunnel Similarly, LRe, represent the red light at the entrance of the tunnel, & LR1 represent the red light at
the exit of the tunnel The red and green lights indicate that the user must stop or move forward, respectively.
The complete operational layout and logic map of the controller is shown in Fig. below .

3.2.5. Controller operational layout and logic map
When a person enters in chamber, the disinfectant is sprayed on them from the spraying system for
approximately 20 s. The spraying system consists of fan and spray nozzles that will spray the disinfectant in
the form of an atomized ionized mist. The ionization of the mist increases the neutralizing efficiency of the
virus.

CHAPTER 4 –
NEED OF SANITATION

CHAPTER 4. NEED OF SANITATION
4.1. INTRODUCTION -
Hand sanitizers were first introduced in 1966 in medical settings such as hospitals and healthcare facilities.
The product was popularized in the early 1990s. Alcohol-based hand sanitizer is more convenient compared
to hand washing with soap and water in most situations in the healthcare setting. Among healthcare workers,
it is generally more effective for hand antisepsis, and better tolerated than soap and water. Hand washing
should still be carried out if contamination can be seen or following the use of the toilet. Hand sanitizer that
contains at least 60% alcohol or contains a "persistent antiseptic" should be used. Alcohol rubs kill many
different kinds of bacteria, including antibiotic resistant bacteria and TB bacteria. They also kill many kinds
of viruses, including the flu virus, the common cold virus, coronaviruses, and HIV. 90% alcohol rubs are
more effective against viruses than most other forms of hand washing.Isopropyl alcohol will kill 99.99% or
more of all non-spore forming bacteria in less than 30 seconds, both in the laboratory and on human skin.
In too low quantities (0.3 ml) or concentrations (below 60%) the alcohol in hand sanitizers may not have the
10–15 seconds exposure time required to denature proteins and lyse cells. In environments with high lipids
or protein waste (such as food processing), the use of alcohol hand rubs alone may not be sufficient to
ensure proper hand hygiene. For health care settings like hospitals and clinics, optimum alcohol
concentration to kill bacteria is 70% to 95%. Products with alcohol concentrations as low as 40% are
available in American stores, according to researchers at East Tennessee State University. Alcohol rub
sanitizers kill most bacteria, and fungi, and stop some viruses. Alcohol rub sanitizers containing at least 70%
alcohol (mainly ethyl alcohol) kill 99.9% of the bacteria on hands 30 seconds after application and 99.99%
to 99.999% in one minute.For health care, optimal disinfection requires attention to all exposed surfaces
such as around the fingernails, between the fingers, on the back of the thumb, and around the wrist. Hand
alcohol should be thoroughly rubbed into the hands and on the lower forearm for a duration of at least 30
seconds and then allowed to air dry.
Use of alcohol-based hand gels dries skin less, leaving more moisture in the epidermis , than hand washing
with antiseptic/antimicrobial soap and water.

4.2. SAFE USE OF ALCOHOL BASED SANITIZERS
To protect yourself and others against COVID-19, clean your hands frequently and thoroughly. Use alcohol-
based hand sanitizer or wash your hands with soap and water. If you use an alcohol-based hand
sanitizer, make sure you use and store it carefully.
o Keep alcohol-based hand sanitizers out of children’s reach. Teach them how to apply the
sanitizer and monitor its use.
o Apply a coin-sized amount on your hands. There is no need to use a large amount of the
product.
o Avoid touching your eyes, mouth and nose immediately after using an alcohol-based hand
sanitizer, as it can cause irritation.
o Hand sanitizers recommended to protect against COVID-19 are alcohol-based and therefore
can be flammable. Do not use before handling fire or cooking.
o Under no circumstance, drink or let children swallow an alcohol-based hand sanitizer. It can
be poisonous.
4.3. SANITIZER USED
Sterilox
Innovative unique technology of Sterilox was developed for elimination of bacteria, virus, odour, fungi and
many pathogen-caused conditions. Being highly efficient against all types of pathogens, at the same time
Sterilox is very safe for humans and pets - whether it's skin contact, wounds, eyes or even accidental intake.
Sterilox is water-based solution with a unique combination of specially treated oxidants which make it
absolutely natural and organic (almost odourless and colorless) - as organic as water itself! Sterilox is the
only natural sanitizer which eliminates mold with 1-2 applications and prevents from re-growing again.

4.4. SAFETY DATA SHEET

CHAPTER 5 –
ASSEMBLY, INSTALLATION AND TESTING

CHAPTER 5 – ASSEMBLY, INSTALLATION AND TESTING
5.1. INTRODUCTION -
The tunnel creates an obligatory passage and is equipped with, atomising nozzles that saturate the
environment but preventing dispersions. The system is connected to a control system capable of
automatically spraying for a calibrated time. Access to the tunnel is regulated by a ultrasonic sensor by
placing a barrier ﬂoor inside the Sanitary Gate, it is possible to sanitise the surface in contact with the
ground. These are some of the main components details that are used in the sanitation tunnel
5.2. ASSEMBLY -
5.2.1 Frame
Laid the Frame of the plastic profile , collapsible so that it could be Transported from
place to place , and when it is all over , store in case of the next apocalypse. The covering is by the banner
(which is used for outdoor hoarding advertising ). The banner is easy to attach with the plastic profile with
plastic ties . It’s fast and does not require special kills.
PVC pipe is a widely recognized modern alternative to metal piping. It’s known as a low cost solution with
the strength, versatility, durability, and easy installation process to back its popularity. PVC is made of
Polyvinyl chloride, a widely used thermoplastic material that can be molded into different shapes.
5.2.1 Frame

5.2.2 DC Pumps
DC powered pumps use direct current from motor, battery, or solar power to move fluid in a
variety of ways. Motorized pumps typically operate on 6, 12, 24, or 32 volts of DC power. Solar-powered
DC pumps use photovoltaic (PV) panels with solar cells that produce direct current when exposed to
sunlight. This type of Motor or Electric Pump is generally used inside sprayer to create pressure and mist,
same motor is being used in disinfection sanitation tunnels chambers or soap / sanitizer dispensers.
Use of advanced technology and optimum material make these products suitable for varied agricultural
purposes.
5.2.2 DC Pump

5.2.3 Ultrasonic Sensor
An ultrasonic sensor is an electronic device that measures the distance of a target object by
emitting ultrasonic sound waves, and converts the reflected sound into an electrical signal. Ultrasonic waves
travel faster than the speed of audible sound (i.e. the sound that humans can hear)
The automatic disinfected tunnel actually work on ultrasonic sound. Whenever the human body comes
inside the tunnel, ultrasonic sensor will detect and we can calculate the distance. It gives us a HIGH signal
through the output pin. Once there is a human, ultrasonic sensor detects it will give LOW signal to the relay
module which means that the relay will turn on, and as a result the Power relay will turn on the Ac pump
motor for 15 seconds for spraying. And will get until the next human will not enter. In this way the system is
working for spraying the solution and disinfecting the human from virus.
5.2.3 Ultrasonic Sensor

5.2.4 Power supply
A power supply is an electrical device that supplies electric power to an electrical load. The primary
function of a power supply is to convert electric current from a source to the correct voltage, current, and
frequency to power the load. As a result, power supplies are sometimes referred to as electric power
converters. Some power supplies are separate standalone pieces of equipment, while others are built into the
load appliances that they power. Examples of the latter include power supplies found in desktop computers
and consumer electronics devices. Other functions that power supplies may perform include limiting the
current drawn by the load to safe levels, shutting off the current in the event of an electrical fault, power
conditioning to prevent electronic noise or voltage surges on the input from reaching the load, power-factor
correction, and storing energy so it can continue to power the load in the event of a temporary interruption in
the source power
5.2.4 Power Supply

5.2.5 Nozzle
A spray nozzle is a precision device that facilitates dispersion of liquid into spray. Nozzles are used for three
purposes : to distribute a liquid over an area, to increase liquid surface area, and create impact force on a
solid surface. A wide variety of spray nozzle applications use a number of spray characteristics to describe
the spray.
Spray nozzle can be categorized based on the energy input used to cause Atomization , the break up of the
fluid into drops . Spray nozzles can have one or more outlets ; a multiple outlet nozzle is known as a
compound nozzle. Spray nozzles range from heavy duty industrial uses to light duty spray cans or spray
bottles.
5.2.5 Nozzle

5.2.6. Plastic Cover
Acrylic and polycarbonate are clear plastics that offer greater than other Clear plastics. Common uses for
clear polycarbonate sheets are roofing applications, fencing, greenhouse walls, weather protection as well as
impact and more many applications.
This plastic covers use for covering the 3 sides of the sanitation tunnel, and it is transparent PVC an
amorphous. The haze value is 4, used to measure the transparency of plastic products.
5.2.5 Plastic Cover

5.2.7 Printed Circuit Board
A printed circuit board (PCB) mechanically supports and electrically connects electrical or electronic
components using conductive tracks, pads and other features etched from one or more sheet layers of
copper laminated onto and/or between sheet layers of a non-conductive substrate. Components are
generally soldered onto the PCB to both electrically connect and mechanically fasten them to it.
Printed circuit boards are used in all but the simplest electronic products. They are also used in some
electrical products, such as passive switch boxes.
Alternatives to PCBs include wire wrap and point-to-point construction, both once popular but now rarely
used. PCBs require additional design effort to lay out the circuit, but manufacturing and assembly can be
automated. Electronic computer-aided design software is available to do much of the work of layout.
PCBs can be single-sided (one copper layer), double-sided (two copper layers on both sides of one substrate
layer), or multi-layer (outer and inner layers of copper, alternating with layers of substrate). Multi-layer
PCBs allow for much higher component density, because circuit traces on the inner layers would otherwise
take up surface space between components. The rise in popularity of multilayer PCBs with more than two,
and especially with more than four, copper planes was concurrent with the adoption of surface mount
technology. However, multilayer PCBs make repair, analysis, and field modification of circuits much more
difficult and usually impractical.
5.2.7 Printed Circuit Board

5.3 INSTALLATION
1. Built the frame from pvc pipe with the help of elbows.
2. Now connect the nozzle with tee and tee to the pipe and fit the in the tunnel with tape.
3. Connect the nozzle pipe to the pump and another pipe from pump to the tank and connect the pump
wiring to the printed circuit board.
4. Connect the ultrasonic sensor with printed circuit board which is calibrated in the pc board
5. Connect the power supply to the pc board and to the main connection.
6. The red LED indicates that the power is being supplied to the pc board from the supply
7. When the Ultrasonic sensor works (i.e when someone is inside the tunnel) the other indicator LED gets
ON which sends command to the pc board and pump operates and pumps the sanitizer from the tank to
the nozzle and the sprays it for the calibrated time in the pc board.
5.3 Installation Diagram
5.4. TESTING

CHAPTER 6-
BILL OF MATERIALS AND GANTT CHART

CHAPTER 6- BILL OF MATERIALS AND GANTT CHART
6.1. INTODUCTION
Cost accounting is the application of accounting and costing principles, methods, and techniques in the
ascertainment of costs and the analysis of saving or excess cost incurred as compared with previous
experience or with standards.
Here is a cost involved to purchase or produce anything. Costs may be different for the same product,
depending upon the stages of completion. The cost changes according to the stage a product is in, for
example, raw material, work in progress, finished goods, etc. The cost of a product cannot be perfect and it
may vary for the same product depending upon different constraints and situations of production and
market.
6.2. BILL OF MATERIALS
6.2.1 BILL OF MATERIAL

Sr. No. Name Cost per piece Quantity Total
1 PVC Pipe (Frame) 10/- per ft. 75ft. 750/-
2 Elbow 3-way 50/- 8 400/-
3 Plastic Cover 800/- 1 800/-
4 Nozzle 150/- 4 600/-
5 Plastic Tank 800/- 1 800/-
6 Sanitizer (Liquid) 150/- 5 750/-
7 RO pipe 40/- per ft. 15 600/-
8 Miscellaneous 500/- - 500/-
9 Electric Motor 2000/- 1 2000/-
10 Sensor with power 2000/- 1 2000/-
supply
11 Other cost 1000/- - 1000/-
TOTAL 10,200/-
6.2.2 CONSUMABLES REQUIRED

1 Threading 5/- 40 200/-
TOTAL 200/-

6.3. COSTING
6.3. COSTING

1 PVC Pipe (Frame) 10/- per ft. 75ft. 750/-
. 2 Elbow 3-way 50/- 8 400/-
3 Plastic Cover 800/- 1 800/-
4 Nozzle 150/- 4 600/-
5 Plastic Tank 800/- 1 800/-
6 Sanitizer (Liquid) 150/- 5 750/-
7 RO pipe 40/- per ft. 15 600/-
8 Miscellaneous 500/- - 500/-
9 Threading 5/- - 200/-
10 Electric Motor 2000/- 1 2000/-
11 Labour Cost 800/- - 800/-
11 Sensor with power 2000/- 1 2000/-
supply
TOTAL 10,200/-
6.3. GANTT CHART
6.4 Gantt Chart

CHAPTER 7 –
DISCUSSION AND CONCLUSION

CHAPTER 7– DISCUSSION AND CONCLUSION
7. CONCLUSION
The centrality of sanitization as a means of controlling the spread of pandemic is established when we
evaluate the methods of sanitization employed to contain the COVID-19 pandemic. The categorisation of
sanitization depends on the routes of infection. Three possible routes of infection (i) direct, (ii) indirect and
(iii) airborne transmission have been identified as the cause of spread of this pandemicThe end goal of any
sanitization process is to remove the virus and inactivate it. Mechanical removal, thermal treatment and
chemical disinfection are used in isolation or in combination in the listed categories of sanitization. On an
individual level, hand washing and oral hygiene are highly recommended. Hand washing employs rubbing
of hands and use of mud, ash, soaps or alcohol based hand sanitizer. Masks have become an inalienable part
of attire to stop the spread of virus and sanitization of masks has become a scientific concern. Heat treatment
like baking, microwave steam heating; UV irradiation and chemical treatment using vaporised hydrogen
peroxide, ozone gas have been recommended. Spaces and objects can be disinfected using mops/wipes, jets
and sprays, UVC irradiation, fogging and fumigation. Ventilation and filtering of contaminated air is an
important means of sanitizing high-risk zones like hospitals and restaurants.

REFERENCES -
https://m.timesofindia.com/city/pune/scientific-disinfectant-spray-tunnels-not-
harmful-study/amp_articleshow/75335824.cms
https://www.investindia.gov.in/team-india-blogs/indias-disinfectant-tunnels-emerging strategies-combat-
coronavirus
https://www.newindianexpress.com/states/kerala/2020/apr/12/covid-19-experts-flag-safety-scientific-basis-
of-disinfection-tunnel-2128920.html
https://www.edexlive.com/campus/2020/jun/03/iit-guwahati-start-up-develops-tunnel-that-can-disinfect-
you-in-seven-seconds-for-just-rs-2-12420.html
https://www.outlookindia.com/website/story/india-news-explained-what-are-disinfection-tunnels-and-are-
they-safe/350364
https://www.imca-int.com/safety-events/positive-observation-installation-of-disinfectiontunnels/
https://www.deccanherald.com/national/south/now-disinfection-tunnel-in-tiruppur-to-prevent-covid-19-
spread-820051.html
https://www.cleanmiddleeast.ae/news/infection-control/disinfection-tunnels-pros-and-cons
https://www.fda.gov/consumers/consumer-updates/safely-using-hand-
sanitizer#:~:text=Some%20hand%20sanitizers%20have%20potentially%20toxic%20types%20of%20alcoho
l.&text=The%20alcohol%20in%20hand%20sanitizer,sanitizer%20before%20it%20is%20dry.
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Spray_nozzle#:~:text=A%20spray%20nozzle%20is%20a,force%20on%20a%2
0solid%20surface.
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Printed_circuit_board#:~:text=A%20printed%20circuit%20board%20(PCB,of
%20a%20non%2Dconductive%20substrate.
https://www.fierceelectronics.com/sensors/what-ultrasonic-
sensor#:~:text=An%20ultrasonic%20sensor%20is%20an,sound%20that%20humans%20can%20hear).

https://www.who.int/emergencies/diseases/novel-coronavirus-2019/advice-for-public
https://www.sterilox.co/
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sanitation
http://pragati.nationalinterest.in/2014/08/indias-sanitation-story/
https://www.accountingtools.com/articles/what-is-costing.html
https://www.elprocus.com/water-pump-types-and-applications/
https://www.hackster.io/yugn27/smart-disinfection-and-sanitation-tunnel-aefe50#:~:text=Story-
,Introduction,tunnel%20in%20around%2015%20seconds.&text=The%20disinfectant%20solution%20used
%20consists,)%20and%20water%20(H2O).
https://www.brsanitech.com/standardm.html
https://link.springer.com/article/10.1007/s41403-020-00141-7
Industrial engineering and management by OP KHANNA (GANTT CHART)

Project Report ON "Sanitation Tunnel"

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PROJECT REPORT

NAME OF THE STUDENTS ENROLLMENT NO.

PRASAD BALRAM DAS FS18ME049

DHARMESH UTTAM KHAIRE FS18ME004

VAIBHAV RAMESH GHUMARE FD19ME002

OMKAR VIJAY PAKHARE FS17ME052

REPORT SUBMITTED IN FULFILLMENT OF THE

UNDER THE GUIDANCE OF

DEPARTMENT OF MECHANICAL ENGINEERING

GOVERNMENT POLYTECHNIC MUMBAI 1|Page

Department of Mechanical Engineering

NAME OF THE STUDENTS ENROLLMENT NO.

PRASAD BALRAM DAS FS18ME049

DHARMESH UTTAM KHAIRE FS18ME004

VAIBHAV RAMESH GHUMARE FD19ME002

OMKAR VIJAY PAKHARE FS17ME052

Project guide: Head of Mech. Engg. Dept.:

Principal: External examiner:

GOVERNMENT POLYTECHNIC MUMBAI 2|Page

GOVERNMENT POLYTECHNIC MUMBAI 3|Page

The whole project has been divided into 7 chapters

GOVERNMENT POLYTECHNIC MUMBAI 4|Page

GOVERNMENT POLYTECHNIC MUMBAI 5|Page

1.2. Fundamentals of sanitation

1.3. Need of project

1.4. Objective of project

Chapter 2 - LITERATURE REVIEW

2.2. Literature review

2.3. History of sanitation

2.4. Pros and Cons

Chapter 3 –DESIGN CONSIDERATION

3.2. Design Methodology

GOVERNMENT POLYTECHNIC MUMBAI 6|Page

4.2. Safe use of Alcohol based Sanitizer

4.3. Sanitizer Used

4.4. Safety Data Sheet

Chapter 5 – ASSEMBLY, INSTALLATION AND TESTING

5.2.3. Ultrasonic Sensor

5.2.4. Power Supply

5.2.6. Plastic Cover

5.2.7. Printed Board Circuit

Chapter 6 – BILL OF MATERIALS AND COSTING

6.2. Bill of materials

6.4. Gantt Chart

GOVERNMENT POLYTECHNIC MUMBAI 7|Page

GOVERNMENT POLYTECHNIC MUMBAI 8|Page

Sr. No. Figure No. Title Page no.

2 3.2.2 Structural members used to fabricate the 25

3 3.2.3 Electrostatic atomization 26

4 3.2.4 Controller block diagram 27

5 3.2.5 Controller operational layout and 28

8 5.2.3 Ultrasonic Sensor 39

9 5.2.4 Power Supply 40

11 5.2.6 Plastic Cover 42

12 5.2.7 Printed Circuit Board 43

13 5.3 Installation Diagram 44

14 6.4 Gantt Chart 47

GOVERNMENT POLYTECHNIC MUMBAI 9|Page

Sr. No. Table No. Title Page no.

1 5.4 Experiment Results -

2 6.2.1 Bill of Materials 46

3 6.2.2 Consumables Required 46

GOVERNMENT POLYTECHNIC MUMBAI 10 | P a g e