© 2009 by R.C. Hibbeler. Published by Prentice Hall, Pearson Education South Asia Pte Ltd. All rights reserved.

This material is protected under copyright

laws as they currently exist. No portion of this material may be reproduced, in any form or by any means, without permission in writing from the publisher.

2–1. The frame is used to support a wood deck (not shown)

that is to be subjected to a uniform load of 6.5 kN/m2. Sketch
the loading that acts along members BG and ABCD. Take
b/a 3/1.5 2 > 1.5 (one-way slab)
b  3 m, a  1.5 m.

1.5 m

1.5 m

1.5 m

3m

w  6.5(1.5)  9.75 kN/m

14.63 kN 14.63 kN
3m

7.31 kN 14.63 kN 14.63 kN 7.31 kN

For BG, w = 9.75 kN/m Ans

21.94 kN
21.94 kN
For ABCD, reactions are 21.9 kN Ans 1.5 m 1.5 m 1.5 m

2–2. The roof deck of the single storey building is subjected

1.5
to a dead plus live load of 6 kN/m2. If the purlins are spaced
1.2 m and the bents are spaced 7.5 m apart, determine the
distributed loading that acts along the purlin DF, and the
loadings that act on the bent at A, B, C, D, and E.

7.5 m

7.5 m

D 7.5 m
E
C
B
A
F

4@ 1.2 m = 4.8 m

10
© 2009 by R.C. Hibbeler. Published by Prentice Hall, Pearson Education South Asia Pte Ltd. All rights reserved. This material is protected under copyright
laws as they currently exist. No portion of this material may be reproduced, in any form or by any means, without permission in writing from the publisher.

2–3. The steel framework is used to support the 100-mm

reinforced lightweight concrete slab that carries a uniform 63.6 kN/m
live loading of 25 kN/m2. Sketch the loading that acts along
members BE and FD. Set b  3 m, a  2.4 m. Hint: See
Table 1–3.
1.2 m 0.6 m 1.2 m
C
57.24 kN 57.24 kN
B D
57.24 kN
A
28.62 kN 31.8 kN/m 31.8 kN/m 28.62 kN
a
F E
b a 1.2 m
1.2 m 1.2 m E 1.2 m

95.4 kN
95.4 kN
DL  0.015(100)  1.5 kN/m2 L2 b 3
LL  25 kN/m2 = = = 1.25 < 1.5
L1 a 2.4 Reaction at B, 57.2 kN;
Total load  26.5 kN/m2 Reaction at F, 95.4 kN
Two-way slab

*2–4. Solve Prob. 2–3, with b  3.6 m, a  1.2 m.

31.8 kN/m

3.6 m

57.24 kN 57.24 kN
57.24 kN
28.62 kN 28.62 kN DL  0.015(100)  1.5 kN/m2
LL  25 kN/m2
Total load = 26.5 kN/m2
L2 b 3.6
57.24 kN 57.24 kN = = = 3 > 1.5
L1 a 1.2
One-way slab

2–5. The frame is used to support the wood deck in a

residential dwelling. Sketch the loading that acts along
members BG and ABCD. Set b  3 m, a  1.5 m. Hint: See
Table 1– 4.

From Table 1–4

LL  1.92 kN/m2
L2 b 3.5
= = =2
L1 a 1.5
One-way slab Reaction at A : 6.48 kN

1.92(1.5)  2.88 kN/m 2.16 kN 4.32 kN 4.32 kN 2.16 kN

1.5 m 1.5 m 1.5 m

3m

4.32 kN 4.32 kN 6.48 kN 6.48 kN

11
© 2009 by R.C. Hibbeler. Published by Prentice Hall, Pearson Education South Asia Pte Ltd. All rights reserved. This material is protected under copyright
laws as they currently exist. No portion of this material may be reproduced, in any form or by any means, without permission in writing from the publisher.

2–6. Solve Prob. 2–5, if b  2.4 m, a  2.4 m.

4.608 kN/m

1.2 m 1.2 m

2.76 kN 2.76 kN

From Table 1–4 1.38 kN 2.76 kN 2.76 kN 1.38 kN

LL  1.92 kN/m2 2.30 kN/m 2.30 kN/m 2.30 kN/m
L2 b 2.4
= = =1< 2
L1 a 2.4
Two-way slab
1.2 m 1.2 m 1.2 m 1.2 m 1.2 m 1.2 m

8.29 kN 8.29 kN
Reaction at A : 8.29 kN Ans

2–7. Solve Prob. 2–5, if b  4.5 m, a  3 m.

5.76 kN/m

1.5 m 1.5 m 1.5 m

From Table 1–3 8.64 kN 8.64 kN

LL  1.92 kN/m2
b/a = 4.5/3 = 1.5
Two-way slab
4.32 kN 8.64 kN 8.64 kN 4.32 kN
2.88 kN/m 2.88 kN/m 2.88 kN/m

Reaction at 8.6 kN and 19.4 kN Ans

1.5 m 1.5 m 1.5 m 1.5 m 1.5 m 1.5 m

19.44 kN 19.44 kN

12
© 2009 by R.C. Hibbeler. Published by Prentice Hall, Pearson Education South Asia Pte Ltd. All rights reserved. This material is protected under copyright
laws as they currently exist. No portion of this material may be reproduced, in any form or by any means, without permission in writing from the publisher.

13
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laws as they currently exist. No portion of this material may be reproduced, in any form or by any means, without permission in writing from the publisher.

14
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laws as they currently exist. No portion of this material may be reproduced, in any form or by any means, without permission in writing from the publisher.

15
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laws as they currently exist. No portion of this material may be reproduced, in any form or by any means, without permission in writing from the publisher.

16
© 2009 by R.C. Hibbeler. Published by Prentice Hall, Pearson Education South Asia Pte Ltd. All rights reserved. This material is protected under copyright
laws as they currently exist. No portion of this material may be reproduced, in any form or by any means, without permission in writing from the publisher.

17
© 2009 by R.C. Hibbeler. Published by Prentice Hall, Pearson Education South Asia Pte Ltd. All rights reserved. This material is protected under copyright
laws as they currently exist. No portion of this material may be reproduced, in any form or by any means, without permission in writing from the publisher.

2–13. Classify each of the structures as statically determinate,

statically indeterminiate, or unstable. If indeterminate, specify
the degree of indeterminacy.

18
© 2009 by R.C. Hibbeler. Published by Prentice Hall, Pearson Education South Asia Pte Ltd. All rights reserved. This material is protected under copyright
laws as they currently exist. No portion of this material may be reproduced, in any form or by any means, without permission in writing from the publisher.

19
© 2009 by R.C. Hibbeler. Published by Prentice Hall, Pearson Education South Asia Pte Ltd. All rights reserved. This material is protected under copyright
laws as they currently exist. No portion of this material may be reproduced, in any form or by any means, without permission in writing from the publisher.

20
© 2009 by R.C. Hibbeler. Published by Prentice Hall, Pearson Education South Asia Pte Ltd. All rights reserved. This material is protected under copyright
laws as they currently exist. No portion of this material may be reproduced, in any form or by any means, without permission in writing from the publisher.

45 kN
7.5 kN/m 30

A
B

3m 3m
+3MA  0; By(6) – 45 cos 30°(6) – 22.5(1.5)  0
By 44.6 kN Ans
7.5 (3)  22.5 kN 45 kN
+ #3Fy  0; Ay + 44.6 – 22.5 – 45 cos 30°  0
Ay  16.8745 kN Ans

3Fx  0; –Ax + 45 sin 30°  0 1.5 m 4.5 m

Ax  22.5 kN Ans

21
© 2009 by R.C. Hibbeler. Published by Prentice Hall, Pearson Education South Asia Pte Ltd. All rights reserved. This material is protected under copyright
laws as they currently exist. No portion of this material may be reproduced, in any form or by any means, without permission in writing from the publisher.

36 kN 36 kN
7.5 kN/m
+3MB  0; Ay(6.3) + 36(2.1) + 36(4.2) + (7.5)(2.4)(7.5)  0
Ay 57.4 kN Ans

A B + #3Fy  0; By + 57.4 – (7.5)(2.4) – 36 – 36 = 0

By  32.6 kN Ans

2.4 m 2.1 m 2.1 m 2.1 m 3Fx  0; Bx = 0 Ans

120 kN/m

75 kN/m

A B

1.8 m 2.7 m

45 kN/m
30 kN/m 30 kN/m

B
A
60

810 kN·m

3.6 m 3.6 m

–270(3.6) – 810 + FB cos 60°(7.2)

FB  495 kN Ans 30(7.2) +
1
(15)(7.2)  270 kN
2

Ax – 495 sin 60°  0

Ax  428.7 kN Ans
810 kN • m
Ay + 495 cos 60° – 270  0 3.6 m 3.6 m
Ay  22.5 kN Ans

22
© 2009 by R.C. Hibbeler. Published by Prentice Hall, Pearson Education South Asia Pte Ltd. All rights reserved. This material is protected under copyright
laws as they currently exist. No portion of this material may be reproduced, in any form or by any means, without permission in writing from the publisher.

30 kN/m

75 kN/m
3m

7.2 m

45 kN
45 kN/m
0.9 m 0.3 m
D E F G
C

B
A

1.2 m 1.2 m 1.2 m 1.2 m

23
© 2009 by R.C. Hibbeler. Published by Prentice Hall, Pearson Education South Asia Pte Ltd. All rights reserved. This material is protected under copyright
laws as they currently exist. No portion of this material may be reproduced, in any form or by any means, without permission in writing from the publisher.

50 kN
N1
2–24. 7KHSDGIRRWLQJLVXVHGWRVXSSRUWWKHORDG
²
RIN1'HWHUPLQHWKHLQWHQVLWLHVZDQGZRIWKH
GLVWULEXWHGORDGLQJDFWLQJRQWKHEDVHRIWKHIRRWLQJ
IRUWKHHTXLOLEULXP 
125 mm
PP 225 mm 225 mm
PP PP

w2
w1
PP
875 mm
N1

PP

Z²²² 

Z N1P N1P $QV

Z

Z ²²  
  Z ²Z 
  
Z N1P $QV
PP  PP
PP

24
© 2009 by R.C. Hibbeler. Published by Prentice Hall, Pearson Education South Asia Pte Ltd. All rights reserved. This material is protected under copyright
laws as they currently exist. No portion of this material may be reproduced, in any form or by any means, without permission in writing from the publisher.

30 kN/m
N1
N1

B
P
 P
P

P
2.5 m P
10 kN/m

A
)%²² 
)% N1 N1 $QV
6m
 
 
²$[   ²  
    
 
$[ N1 $QV

 
 
$\²     
   
$\ N1 $QV

2.16 kN
C

1.2 kN/m
3m

30° 3 m 0.9 m 0.9 m

A
B

1.8 m +3MA  0; Cy(3 + 118 sin 60°) – 2.16(0.9)  0

Cy  0.426 kN Ans

+ 3F  0; Ay – 0.426 sin 30°  0

Ay  0.213 kN Ans

+#3Fy  0; Ay + 0.426 cos 30° – 2.16  0

Ay  1.791 kN Ans

25
© 2009 by R.C. Hibbeler. Published by Prentice Hall, Pearson Education South Asia Pte Ltd. All rights reserved. This material is protected under copyright
laws as they currently exist. No portion of this material may be reproduced, in any form or by any means, without permission in writing from the publisher.

2 kN/m

C
B
3m
1.5 m

(–6  1.5) + (FA)(cos 60°)(3) – (FA)(sin 60°)(1.5)  0

FA  44.78 kN ≈ 44.8 kN Ans A
6 kN
Bx – 44.78(sin 60°)  0
60

Bx  38.78 kN ≈ 38.8 kN Ans 1.5 m 1.5 m
–By – 6 + 44.78(cos 60°)  0
By  16.39 kN ≈ 16.4 kN Ans
1.5 m

*2–28. The cantilever footing is used to support a wall near

100 kN
its edge A so that it causes a uniform soil pressure under the 40 kN
footing. Determine the uniform distribution loads, wA and wB, 0.45 m

measured in kN/m at pads A and B, necessary to support the 0.075 m

wall forces of 40 kN and 100 kN.

3.15 m
100 kN 0.3 m 0.45 m
(wA)(0.6) wB(9)
40 kN
0.075 m

0.45 m –40(3.15) + wB(0.9)(3.15) + 100(0.225)  0

B wB  36.5 kN/m Ans

A

36.5(0.9) – 140 + wA(0.6)  0

wA wB
0.6 m 2.4 m 0.9 m
wA  178.6 kN/m Ans

7.5 kN/m
5 kN/m

5m
A B

12 m 12 m

26
© 2009 by R.C. Hibbeler. Published by Prentice Hall, Pearson Education South Asia Pte Ltd. All rights reserved. This material is protected under copyright
laws as they currently exist. No portion of this material may be reproduced, in any form or by any means, without permission in writing from the publisher.

² 7KHMLEFUDQHLVSLQFRQQHFWHGDW$DQGVXSSRUWHGE\D
VPRRWK FROODU DW % 'HWHUPLQH WKH UROOHU SODFHPHQW[ RI WKH x
N1 ORDG VR WKDW LW JLYHV WKH PD[LPXP DQG PLQLPXP
UHDFWLRQVDWWKHVXSSRUWV&DOFXODWHWKHVHUHDFWLRQVLQHDFKFDVH B
1HJOHFWWKHZHLJKWRIWKHFUDQH5HTXLUHP
[
P

1%²  1% [

$\²  $\ N1

3.6 m

$[²  $[ [

[ P
A
:LWK[ PIURP(TV>@>@DQG>@WKHPD[LPXP
VXSSRUWUHDFWLRQVDUH

$[ 1% N1 $\ N1

[ P

:LWK[ PIURP(TV>@>@DQG>@WKHPLQLPXP
VXSSRUWUHDFWLRQVDUH

$[ 1% N1 $\ N1 P

N1

2–31. Determine the reactions at the supports A and B of the

frame. Assume that the support at A is a roller.

25 kN 35 kN 50 kN 10 kN N1
N1 N1
N1
4m 3m 3m P P
P

A
P

N1

4m P

2.5 kN

3m ²²²$\ 

$\ N1 $QV
²²²²%\ 
B
%\ N1 $QV
²%[ 
%[ N1 $QV

27
© 2009 by R.C. Hibbeler. Published by Prentice Hall, Pearson Education South Asia Pte Ltd. All rights reserved. This material is protected under copyright
laws as they currently exist. No portion of this material may be reproduced, in any form or by any means, without permission in writing from the publisher.

10.5 kN/m

6m
7.5 kN/m B

9m

14.4 m 14.4 m

N1P
N1PDWP N1
P N1PDWP N1
P

     
P %\²    ²    ² 
N1
%\ N1 N1 $QV
P
 


)[   ²$[  $[ N1 $QV

P P



)\  $\%\²  $\ N1 $QV


40 kN
30 kN
20 kN

12 kN
m

 
4m
7m

6m 8m

28
© 2009 by R.C. Hibbeler. Published by Prentice Hall, Pearson Education South Asia Pte Ltd. All rights reserved. This material is protected under copyright
laws as they currently exist. No portion of this material may be reproduced, in any form or by any means, without permission in writing from the publisher.

80 kN/m
180 kN

25 kN
A C
B
3m 25 kN 3m 3m

5
4 3m 1m
3
E
D
3m 1.5 m 3m From FBD (b) ⎛ 4⎞
1m
+3ME  0; F(4) – 25⎜⎝ ⎟(1) 0 F  5 kN
5⎠

⎛ 4⎞
+#3Fy  0; Ey + 5 – 25 ⎜ ⎟  0 Ey  15 kN Ans.
⎝ 5⎠

⎛ 4⎞
+ 3Fx  0; Ex + 5 – 25 ⎜ ⎟  0 Ex  15 kN Ans.
⎝ 5⎠

From FBD (a)

+3MA  0; By(3) – 180(3) – 5(4.5)  0 By  187.5 kN Ans.
+$3Fy  0; –187.5 + 180 + 5  0 Ay  2.5 kN Ans.
+ 3Fx  0; Ax  0 Ans.

30 kN/m 40 kN 45 kN/m

A D
B E F
C
4m 4m 3m 4m 4m
1m

120 kN 180 kN
40 kN

40 kN(1 m) – Ey(4 m)  0
Ey  10 kN

10 kN – 40 kN + Fy  0
1m
Fy  30 kN
2m 4m 4m 2m 2m
2m 4m

120 kN(2 m) + By(4 m) – 10 kN(8 m)  0

By  80 kN Ans
Ay – 120 kN + 80 kN – 10 kN  0
Ay  50 kN Ans

180 kN(2 m) – Cy(4 m) + (8 m)(30 kN)  0

Cy  150 kN Ans
–30 kN + 150 kN – 180 kN + Dy  0
Dy  60 kN Ans

29
© 2009 by R.C. Hibbeler. Published by Prentice Hall, Pearson Education South Asia Pte Ltd. All rights reserved. This material is protected under copyright
laws as they currently exist. No portion of this material may be reproduced, in any form or by any means, without permission in writing from the publisher.

360 kN
225 kN
180 kN

A D
B E F C

12 m 9m 12 m 9m
6m 6m 3m 3m

² 7KH FRQVWUXFWLRQ IHDWXUHV RI D FDQWLOHYHU

WUXVVEULGJHDUHVKRZQLQWKHILJXUH+HUHLWFDQEH
VHHQ WKDW WKH FHQWHU WUXVV &' LV VXVSHQGHG E\ WKH
FDQWLOHYHU DUPV $%& DQG '() & DQG ' DUH SLQV
'HWHUPLQHWKHYHUWLFDOUHDFWLRQVDWWKHVXSSRUWV$ % P P
(DQG)LIDN1ORDGLVDSSOLHGWRWKHFHQWHUWUXVV

%\² 
C D %\ N1 $QV
A B 60 kN E F
²²$\ 
60 m 60 m 45 m 45 m
30 m 30 m $\ N1 $QV

P P

P P

N1

²(\ 
²&\  (\ N1 $QV
&\ N1 ²²)\ 
²'\  )\ N1 $QV
'\ N1

30
© 2009 by R.C. Hibbeler. Published by Prentice Hall, Pearson Education South Asia Pte Ltd. All rights reserved. This material is protected under copyright
laws as they currently exist. No portion of this material may be reproduced, in any form or by any means, without permission in writing from the publisher.

67.5 kN
30 kN/m

A
C
B
N1
2.4 m

P P
D
1.8 m 1.2 m 1.5 m 1.8 m
P P

&\² 

&\ N1
%\² 
%\ N1
%[ 
N1

P P '[²² 

'[ N1 $QV
$\²² 
$\ N1 $QV
$[  
$[  N1 $QV

20 kN/m

A
B
N1

P P
5m 5 kN/m

P
N1

P

4m

²$\ 

$\  N1 $QV
²&\ 
&\  N1 $QV
²&[ 
&[ N1 $QV

31
© 2009 by R.C. Hibbeler. Published by Prentice Hall, Pearson Education South Asia Pte Ltd. All rights reserved. This material is protected under copyright
laws as they currently exist. No portion of this material may be reproduced, in any form or by any means, without permission in writing from the publisher.

70 kN/m
2.5 m 350 kN 2.5 m

75 kN B
75 kN
C
2m
2m
50 kN
+3MA  0; By(5) – 350(2.5) – 50(2) – 75(4)  0
50 kN By  255 kN Ans
2m

2m +#3Fy  0; Ay + 255 – 350  0

Ay  95 kN Ans

+!3Fx  0; Ax – 50 – 75 = 0
A
Ax  125 kN Ans
5m

27 kN 45 kN

B
D

6m
7.5 kN/m

A C
9m 4.5 m 3m 3m
N1P


P P P P )'& ²²  )'& N1


²%[  

%[ N1 $QV
N1 
N1 %\ ²  

P P %\ N1 $QV


 ²0$ 

0$ N1P $QV

$[²  
N1 
$[ N1 $QV
P P

$\²²  

$\ N1 $QV

32
© 2009 by R.C. Hibbeler. Published by Prentice Hall, Pearson Education South Asia Pte Ltd. All rights reserved. This material is protected under copyright
laws as they currently exist. No portion of this material may be reproduced, in any form or by any means, without permission in writing from the publisher.

25 kN/m

A E
B D
6m 12 m 6m
8m

C F

2m 2m

 N1

²%\  %\ N1

P P

'\²  '\ N1

N1
P P %\ N1

&\²²  &\ N1

²$\²²  $\ N1

P
N1
'\ N1 P P

²)\  )\ N1

²(\²²  (\ N1 P

33
© 2009 by R.C. Hibbeler. Published by Prentice Hall, Pearson Education South Asia Pte Ltd. All rights reserved. This material is protected under copyright
laws as they currently exist. No portion of this material may be reproduced, in any form or by any means, without permission in writing from the publisher.

2-43.

50 kN/m
B
1.8 m

D E
25 kN/m 3 m
A C

5.4 m 5.4 m

34
© 2009 by R.C. Hibbeler. Published by Prentice Hall, Pearson Education South Asia Pte Ltd. All rights reserved. This material is protected under copyright
laws as they currently exist. No portion of this material may be reproduced, in any form or by any means, without permission in writing from the publisher.

10 kN
m




2m

4m 
5 3
4

3m 1.5 m

20 kN
m

 

4m

6m 8 kN/m

5m

35
© 2009 by R.C. Hibbeler. Published by Prentice Hall, Pearson Education South Asia Pte Ltd. All rights reserved. This material is protected under copyright
laws as they currently exist. No portion of this material may be reproduced, in any form or by any means, without permission in writing from the publisher.


 

 




36
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laws as they currently exist. No portion of this material may be reproduced, in any form or by any means, without permission in writing from the publisher.

37
© 2009 by R.C. Hibbeler. Published by Prentice Hall, Pearson Education South Asia Pte Ltd. All rights reserved. This material is protected under copyright
laws as they currently exist. No portion of this material may be reproduced, in any form or by any means, without permission in writing from the publisher.

these connections is a pin and that joint B is fixed-connected.

18 kN 13.5 kN
1.2 m 1.8 m 0.9 m

6 kN/m
C
B C

3.6 m

P

%[² 

N1
%[ N1 $QV
$[² 
P

$[ N1 $QV

$\²%\  

%\²² 

%\ N1 $QV
&\²² 
&\ N1
N1 N1
&[² 
&[ N1 $QV P P P

$\ N1 $QV

38
© 2009 by R.C. Hibbeler. Published by Prentice Hall, Pearson Education South Asia Pte Ltd. All rights reserved. This material is protected under copyright
laws as they currently exist. No portion of this material may be reproduced, in any form or by any means, without permission in writing from the publisher.

2-49.
² 'HWHUPLQH WKH KRUL]RQWDO DQG YHUWLFDO
UHDFWLRQVRQWKHFRQQHFWLRQV$ DQG &RIWKHJDEOH
IUDPH$VVXPHWKDW$ %DQG&DUHSLQFRQQHFWLRQV
7KH SXUOLQ ORDGV VXFK DV ' DQG ( DUH DSSOLHG
SHUSHQGLFXODUWRWKHFHQWHUOLQHRIHDFKJLUGHU

1.8 kN 1.8 kN
2.7 kN E F 2.7 kN
3.6 kN 3.6 kN
D G
B 1.5 m
1.8 kN/m

3m

A C

1.8 m 1.8 m 1.8 m 1.8 m

N1
N1
N1
 
%[%\²² ² 
  P
 
² ²  
 
P
%[%\  
N1

 
²%[%\   P
 
 
   
 
%[²%\   P P

6ROYLQJ(TVDQG

%[ N1 %\ N1

0HPEHU $% N1
  N1


)[  ²$[ ² 
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$[ N1 $QV P



)\  $\²²  

$\ N1 $QV P P
0HPEHU %& P
 


)[  ²&[²  

&[ N1 $QV



)\  &\²² ² 

&\ N1 $QV

39
© 2009 by R.C. Hibbeler. Published by Prentice Hall, Pearson Education South Asia Pte Ltd. All rights reserved. This material is protected under copyright
laws as they currently exist. No portion of this material may be reproduced, in any form or by any means, without permission in writing from the publisher.

20 kN
12 kN

  
8 kN
m 3m

 

2m 2m 2m 2m

40
© 2009 by R.C. Hibbeler. Published by Prentice Hall, Pearson Education South Asia Pte Ltd. All rights reserved. This material is protected under copyright
laws as they currently exist. No portion of this material may be reproduced, in any form or by any means, without permission in writing from the publisher.

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