EXAMPLE 9.1. MENDOZA JANIA B.

CE5-5

Design a square tied column to support an axial dead load D of 130 k and an axial live load L of 180 k.
Initially assume that 2% longitudinal steel is desired, f ,c =4000 psi, and f y =60,000 psi

SOLUTION

Pn=¿(1.2)(130 k) + (1.6)(180 k) = 444 k

Selecting ColumnDimensions

,
φ Pn=¿φ0.80[0.85 f c ( A g− A st ) + f y A st ¿ (ACI Equation 10-2)

A g=188.40 ¿2 2
Use 14 in × 14 in ( A g=196 ¿ )

Selecting Longitudinal Bars

Substituting into column equation with known Ag and solving for

Ast , we obtain from ACI Equation 10-2,

444 = (0.65) (0.80) [(0.85) (4 ksi) (196 in.2− Ast ) + (60 ksi)Ast]

Ast =3.31in.2 Use 6 #7 bars (3.61in.2)

Design of Ties (Assuming #3 Bars)

Spacing: (a) 48 in. × 3 in. = 18 in.

(b) 16 in. × 7 in. = 14 in. ←

(c) Least dim. = 14 in. ← Use #3 ties @ 14 in.

A sketch of the column cross section is shown in Figure 9.5.

14 in

9 in

6#7 bars

14 9
 2 1/2

Check Code Requirements

Following are the ACI Code limitations for columns. Space is not taken in future
examples to show all of these essential checks, but they must be made.

(7.6.1) Longitudinal bar clear spacing = 9 in. − 7 in. = 3.625 in. > 1 in. and db of 7in. OK

(10.9.1) Steel percentage 0.01< ρ = 3.16/14in. × 14in. = 0.0184<0.08 OK

(10.9.2) Number of bars = 6 > min. no.of4 OK

(7.10.5.1) Minimum tie size = #3 for#7bars OK

(7.10.5.2) Spacingofties OK

(7.10.5.3) Arrangementofties OK
EXAMPLE 9.2 MENDOZA JANIA B. CE5-5

Design a round spiral column to support an axial dead load PD of 240 k and an axial live
load PL of 300 k. Initially assume that approximately 2% longitudinal steel is desired, frc
= 4000 psi, and fy = 60,000 psi.

SOLUTION

Pu = (1.2) (240 k) + (1.6) (300 k) = 768 k

Selecting Column Dimensions and Bar Sizes

φPn=φ0.85[0.85frc(Ag−Ast)+fyAst]. (ACI Equation10-1) 768k=(0.75)(0.85)[(0.85)

(4ksi)(Ag−0.02Ag)+(60ksi)(0.02Ag)]

Ag =266in.2 Use 18-in. diameter column (255in.2)

Using a column diameter with a gross area less than the calculated gross area (255 in. 2 < 266 in.2)
results in a higher percentage of steel than originally assumed.

768 k = (0.75) (0.85) [(0.85) (4 ksi) (255 in.2− Ast ) + (60 ksi)Ast]

Ast =5.97in.2 Use 6 #9 bars (6.00in.2)

Check code requirements as in Example 9.1. A sketch of the column cross section is
shown in
#3 spiral @ 2 in.
Figure 9.6.

1 1/2 Dc = 15 1 1/2

h = 18

Ag = (π/4)(15in.)2 = 177 in.2

Minimum ρs = (0.45)(Ag/Ac - 1)( fc /fy = 0.45) (255 in.2/177 in.2 - 1)(4 ksi/ 60 ksi) = 0.0132

Assume a #3 spiral, db = 0.375 in. and as = 0.11 in.2

ρs = 4as (Dc −db)/sDc2

0.0132 = (4) (0.11 in.2) (15 in. − 0.375 in.)/(s) (15 in.)2
s = 2.17in.

EXAMPLE 9.3 MENDOZA JANIA B. CE5-5

What axial load will cause concrete to be at its maximum working stress?

12 in

12 in

Given

4#8

Assume: f ,c =4000 psi

f y =40 ksi

SOLUTION

Area of steel = 4(area of # 8 bars)

4(0.79) = 3.16 ¿2

A s 3.16
= =0.022 O.K.
A g 144

f c =(4000)/2=2000 psi

Es
f s= ( ) f =n f c
Ec c

Ec =57,000 √ 4000=3.6 ×106 psi

E s=29 ×106 psi(always)

Therefore, n= ( 29,000,000
3,600,00 )
=8.04 ≈ 8
P=f c ( A g + ( n−1 ) A s ) =2000 [ 144+ ( 8−1 ) × 3.16 ]=332,000 lb=32 kips both steel∧concrete behaved elastically

EXAMPLE 9.4 MENDOZA JANIA B. CE5-5

Consider a rectangular column subjected to axial compression. The material stress--strain relation-ships
have been idealized as shown below.
1. Determine the stress in the concrete and stress in the steel if the applied load is equal to 3100 kips.

2. Determine the stress in the concrete and stress in the steel if the applied load is equal to 4050 kips.

12-#14 bars. 24"

24 in"

Concrete:
Ec = 57, 000 f ′c psi
5000 psi
Steel = 29, 000 ksi
60 psi

SOLUTION
f’c = 5 ksi
Ec = 57,000 5000 = 4030 ksi (Sect 8.5.1 of ACI)
12#14 bars As = 27 in2 (from table A.2)
Es = 29,000 ksi
Assume
ε < ε0 or ε < 0.00124 Assume elastic behavior for

ε < εy or ε < 0.00207 both steel and concrete

P = f c A c + fs A s

where Ac = Ag -- As = 24x24 -- 27 = 549 in2

P = 3100 = EcεcAc + EsεsAs Note: ε = εc = εs (perfect bonding)

3100 = (4030)ε(549) + (29000)ε(27)

ε = 3100/(2,212,470 + 783,000) = 0.00103 < 0.00124 o.k.

Assumption was correct.
EXAMPLE 9.5 MENDOZA JANIA B. CE5-5

Design a rectangular tied column to accept the following service dead and live loads. Ignore
length effects.

h=?

b=? As=?

Given:
PD = 142 kips PL = 213 kips
f’c = 4000 psi fy = 60 ksi

SOLUTION
We need to find b, h, and As. Sometimes architectural considerations

limit allowable column width and height sizes to a set of given dimensions. In this case
one needs to determine the reinforcement

area and detail the column. For this problem assume that we do not have any architectural
limitations.

Calculate design loads:

Pu = 1.2 × Pd + 1.6 × PL = 1.2 × 142 + 1.6 × 213 = 511.2 kipsFor the first trial use a 12” by
12” column (b = 12 in and h = 12 in).

From ACI 10.3.5.1 we have Pu = φPn (max) = 0.80φ [ Ast fy + 0.85f ’c(Ag -- Ast) ]
Pu = 0.80 × 0.65 × [Ast × 60 + 0.85 × 4 × (144 − Ast)] = 27.8Ast + 254.6 therefore
511.2 = 27.8Ast + 254.6 → Ast =9.23in2
Use 6-#11 bars with As = 9.37 in2
Example 9.6 MENDOZA JANIA B. CE5-5
Ultimate Strength of Spiral Column

10.6

13.5

444 = (0.65) (0.80) [(0.85) (4 ksi) (196 in.2− Ast ) + (60 ksi)Ast]

Ag = 144 in.2

Acore = (π(10.6)2/4) = 87.4 in.2

As = 3.16 in.2

fc = 4000 psi

fy = 40 ksi
Use (3/8)” diameter spiral: Asp = .11

As/Ag = 3.16/ 144 = 0.22 OK

ps = 4Asp/ DS

= 4 × 0.11/ 10.6 ×13.5 = 0.028

PN = Asfy + 0.85f ’c(Ag -- As) = 3.16(40) + 0.85(4)(144--3.16)

605 kips -- same as tied column. (compare this with the axial capacity we found in page 37).

After spalling of shell:

PB = Asfy + (Acore -- As)(0.85f ’c + 2ρsfys)

= 0.85(4)(87.4--3.16) + 2(0.028)(50)(87.4--3.16) + 3.16(40)

= 647.8 kips or 648 kips

EXAMPLE 9.7 MENDOZA JANIA B. CE5-5
Determine the ultimate load carrying capacity of a rectangular column section 400mm × 600mm
with 6nos, 28mm diameter bars. Consider concrete of grade M = 25 and steel of fe = 415,
assume emin is less than 0.05mm times the lateral dimension

500 mm

ASC

500 mm

SOLUTION

M = 25 and fe = 415

Therefore, fc = 20 N/mm2 fy = 60 N/mm2

Asc = 6 nos - 28 dia

Asc = 3694.5 mm2

Ag = (Ac - Asc)

(400)(600) - 4694.5 = 236305.5 mm2

AS PER IS: 456 2000, PG 71 (emin < 0.05D )

Pu = 0.4 fc (Ac) + 0.67 (fy) (Asc)

= 0.4(25)(236305.5) + 0.67 (415) (3694.5)

ALLOWABLE SERVICE LOAD = 3390.31/1.5 = 2260.20 kN

EXAMPLE 9.8 MENDOZA JANIA B. CE5-5
Determine the ultimate load capacity of circular column of diameter reinforced with 6# - 25 dia bars with
lateral ties.

6# - 25 mm

SOLUTION

M = 20 and fe = 415

fc = 20 N/mm2 fy = 415 N/mm2

Asc = 6 nos - 25 dia

Asc = 2945.25 mm2

Ac = (Ag - Asc)

= π/4 (400)2 - 2945.25

= 122718.46 mm2

Column with lateral ties

Pu = 0.4 fc (Ac) + 0.67 (fy) (Asc)

= 0.4(25)(122718.46 ) + 0.67 (415) (2945.25 )

ALLOWABLE SERVICE LOAD = 2046.11 kN

EXAMPLE 9.9 MENDOZA JANIA B. CE5-5

Calculate the allowable design axial load of a 12 in., square, short tied column reinforced with four
number 9 bars. Ties are number 3 spaced at 10 inches. Given that f’c = 3.5 ksi and fy = 60 ksi.

12 in

12 in

SOLUTION

Ast = ?

Ast = 4 (1 in2) = 4 in2

Ag = 12 in (12 in) = 144 in2

pg = 4 in2 / 144 in2 = 0.278

0.1 < 0.278 < 0.8 ACI code 318-11 sec. 10.9.1

Check tie diameter

Minimum diameter of 3 in / 8 to enclose longitudinal bars of no. 10 or smaller.

ACI code 318-11 sec. 7.10.5.1

EXAMPLE 9.10 MENDOZA JANIA B. CE5-5

Determine the design axial load strength for the square tie column shown. Given that fc = 4 ksi

fy = 60 ksi.

14 in
1.5

14 in. #3 - 12

SOLUTION
φPn = φ0.85 [0.85 frc (Ag − Ast) + fy Ast]

Design capacity
Ag = 14 in (14 in) = 196 in2

Ast = π/4 (6/8)2 (8) = 3.535 in2

φPn = φ0.85 [0.85 frc (Ag − Ast) + fy Ast]

= (0.65) (0.80) [(0.85) (4 ksi) (196 in.2− 3.535 in2) + (60 ksi)3.535 in2]
φPn = 450.57 kips