Professional Documents
Culture Documents
0DUFK
%XFKDUHVW5RPDQLD
$XWRQRPRXV3ODWIRUPIRU$XWRPDWLRQDQG,UULJDWLRQ
0RQLWRULQJ
2021 12th International Symposium on Advanced Topics in Electrical Engineering (ATEE) | 978-1-6654-1878-2/20/$31.00 ©2021 IEEE | DOI: 10.1109/ATEE52255.2021.9425047
&DWDOLQ)ORULQ'UDJXOLQ$OH[DQGUX0LKDL$QWRQHVFX0DULXV(QDFKHVFX
)DFXOW\RI(OHFWURQLFV7HOHFRPPXQLFDWLRQVDQG,QIRUPDWLRQ7HFKQRORJ\8QLYHUVLW\³3ROLWHKQLFD´RI%XFKDUHVW
IORULQGUDJXOLQ#VWXGHWWLXSEURDDQWRQHVFX#XSEURPHQDFKHVFX#XSEUR
$EVWUDFW 6PDUW PRGHUQ DJULFXOWXUH WDNHV DGYDQWDJH RI WKH 0477 ZLOO LQYROYH IDVWHU GDWD WUDQVPLVVLRQ KLJKHU
FXUUHQWO\DYDLODEOHODUJHYDULHW\RIVHQVRUVWRUHPRWHO\PRQLWRU LQWHJUDWLRQ ZKLOH VWLOO PDLQWDLQLQJ HQHUJ\ HIILFLHQF\ >@
FURS SURJUHVV WKURXJK ,QWHUQHW RI 7KLQJV ,R7 EDVHG V\VWHPV
*LYHQWKHDJULFXOWXUDOFXOWXUHVSHFLILFLW\DQGLWVJURZWKVWDJHD +HQFH+773DQG0477EHFDPHWKHEDFNERQHRIPRVWGDWD
IXOO\ DXWRPDWHG V\VWHP LV UHTXLUHG WR G\QDPLFDOO\ DGMXVW WKH WUDQVPLVVLRQ DQG DXWRPDWLRQ LQ VPDUW GHYLFHRULHQWHG
JURZWKSDUDPHWHUVDFFRUGLQJWRWKHFRPSOH[LW\DQGUDSLGQHVVRI SODWIRUPV
HQYLURQPHQWFKDQJHV3UHVHQWZRUNSURSRVHVDQLPSOHPHQWDWLRQ &XUUHQW RII WKH VKHOI LUULJDWLRQ DXWRPDWLRQ SODWIRUPV HJ
RI D UHGXFHG FRVW KLJKO\ FRQILJXUDEOH WZR PRGXOHV FURS 6HQVR7LPHU 67 '82 HFRRJLF >@ SURYLGH WKH DELOLW\ WR
PRQLWRULQJ SODWIRUP DQG VRLO LUULJDWLRQ V\VWHP IHDWXULQJ GDWD
DFTXLVLWLRQ HJ WKH DLU¶V DQG WKH VRLO¶V WHPSHUDWXUH DQG FRQWURO DQG PRQLWRU WZR LQGHSHQGHQW LUULJDWLRQ ]RQHV XVLQJ
KXPLGLW\ WKH DPELHQW OLJKW WKH XOWUDYLROHW DQG WKH LQIUDUHG VROHQRLG YDOYHV ,W LV FRPSRVHG RXW RI D FHQWUDO XQLW ZKLFK
UDGLDWLRQ 7KH SODWIRUP FDQ DOVR DXWRQRPRXVO\ FRQWURO WKH HQFORVHVWKHVROHQRLGYDOYHVFRQWUROERDUGDQGDUHFHLYHUIRU
LUULJDWLRQV\VWHPDQGFDQZLUHOHVVO\WUDQVPLWWKHDFTXLUHGGDWD WKH WZR ZLUHOHVV VHQVRUV 6RLO KXPLGLW\ IRU HDFK ]RQH LV
DQGYLDWKH :L)LDQGWKH*60SURWRFROV0RUHRYHUD EDWWHU\ PRQLWRUHG E\ RQH RI WKH VHQVRUV DQG WKH FHQWUDO XQLW
PDQDJHPHQW V\VWHP LQFOXGLQJ D VRODU FHOO SURYLGHV DXWRQRP\
IRUXVDJHLQUHPRWHDUHDV LQWHUIDFHV WKH XVHU YLD DQ /&' GLVSOD\ 3RZHU DXWRQRP\ LV
SURYLGHG XVLQJ EDWWHULHV IRU ERWK FHQWUDO XQLW DQG ]RQH
.H\ZRUGVLUULJDWLRQSODWIRUPGDWDDFTXLVLWLRQVRODUSRZHU VHQVRUV$VDQDOWHUQDWLYHWKH6HQVRU&RQWUROOHU3OXV>@LVD
VLQJOH]RQH LUULJDWLRQ WLPHU ,W PDLQWDLQV WKH FRPSDFW
, ,1752'8&7,21
VWUXFWXUH EXW GRHV QRW SURYLGH DQ\ H[WHUQDO VHQVRUV QRU D
6WDWHRIWKHDUWWHFKQRORJ\LVEDVHGRQWKHIXQGDPHQWDOVRI GLVSOD\7KHLUULJDWLRQFRQWUROLVSXUHO\EDVHGRQWLPLQJDQG
,QWHUQHW RI 7KLQJV ,R7 LH LQWHUFRQQHFWLYLW\ VPDUW QR VRLO PRLVWXUH IHHGEDFN LV SURYLGHG $ PRUH YHUVDWLOH DQG
GHYLFHVDQGGDWDDQDO\VLV7KHVHWHFKQRORJLHVSURYLGHKLJKHU H[SDQGDEOH RSWLRQ LV 2EVHUYDQW >@ 0XFK OHVV FRPSDFW
HIILFLHQF\DQGIDVWHUUHVSRQVHE\WKHLUUHFRQILJXUDWLRQDELOLW\ WKDQ WKH SUHYLRXV SODWIRUPV LW IHDWXUHV PXOWLSOH ]RQH
DQG DGDSWDELOLW\ WR H[WHUQDO VWLPXOXV KHQFH FRQWULEXWLQJ WR PRQLWRULQJ H[WHUQDO SXPS FRQWURO FDSDELOLWLHV DQG UHPRWH
WKH FRQWLQXRXVO\ GHYHORSPHQW IRU GRPDLQV OLNH VHFXULW\ >@ GDWD WUDQVPLVVLRQ DQG FRQWURO XVLQJ :L)L DQG *60
KHDOWKFDUH >@ LQGXVWULDO DQG GDWD DQDO\VLV >@ VPDUW KRPH FDSDELOLWLHV,WVSRZHULQGHSHQGHQF\UHVLGHVIURPWKHEXLOWLQ
>@ DQG DJULFXOWXUH >@ $JULFXOWXUH SURYLGHV SURFHVVHG VRODUSDQHODQGEDWWHULHVWKXVQRWSURYLGLQJDQ\GLVSOD\XVHU
SURGXFWVIRUKXPDQFRQVXPSWLRQDQGUDZPDWHULDOIRUVHYHUDO LQWHUIDFHRUFRQWURO
UHODWHGLQGXVWULHVKHQFHEHLQJWKHFRXQWU\¶VHFRQRPLFV\VWHP $PRQJWKHWKUHHSODWIRUPVWKH6HQVRU&RQWUROOHU3OXV>@
EDFNERQH>@ SURYLGHV WKH ORZHVW DPRXQW RI IXQFWLRQDOLW\ ZKLOVW
6XVWDLQLQJ WKH HQG SURGXFWV RI DJULFXOWXUH JRHV WKUX DQ PDLQWDLQLQJWKHORZHVWFRVW%RWKWKH6HQVRU&RQWUROOHU3OXV
LQFUHDVLQJ GHPDQG WUHQG UHTXLUHV FRQWLQXRXV SURFHVV >@DQG2EVHUYDQW>@FDQFRQWUROPRUHWKDQRQH]RQHE\
RSWLPL]DWLRQ DQG DULVHV WKH QHHG RI HQKDQFLQJ WKH XVLQJ LQGHSHQGHQW VRLO PRLVWXUH VHQVRUV 7KH 2EVHUYDQW
SURGXFWLYLW\ RI VHYHUDO FRQQHFWHG GRPDLQV FRQWLQXRXV >@ KDV EXLOW LQ H[SDQGDEOH FDSDELOLWLHV PXOWLSOH VHQVRU
PRQLWRULQJ GDWD DQDO\VLV DQG HIILFLHQW GHFLVLRQ PDNLQJ LQWHUIDFHV DQG SRZHU LQGHSHQGHQF\ %HLQJ WKH PRVW
(IILFLHQF\ FRPHV QRW RQO\ DV D FORVHG ORRSEHWZHHQ LQILHOG H[SHQVLYH SODWIRUP LV LQWHQGHG IRU SURIHVVLRQDO XVH DQG
GDWDDFTXLVLWLRQDQGFURSSDUDPHWHUDGMXVWPHQWEXWDOVRDVD UHFRQILJXUDELOLW\SURYLGLQJZLUHOHVVGDWDWUDQVPLVVLRQ
KLJKFRVWDQGODERUVDYLQJPHWKRG 3UHVHQWZRUNSURSRVHVDORZFRVWWZRPRGXOHDXWRQRPRXV
$VDUHVSRQVHWRWKHDERYHPHQWLRQHGGHPDQGWKHUHLVDQ LUULJDWLRQ FRQWURO SODWIRUP ,W IHDWXUHV DQ LQILHOG VRODU
DEXQGDQF\ RI VPDUW LUULJDWLRQ V\VWHPV > @ 7KHVH DUH SRZHUHGPRGXOHIRUVRLODQGDLUPRQLWRULQJZLWKEXLOWLQ:L
EDVHG RQ QXPHURXV VHQVRUV UHPRWH GDWD DFTXLVLWLRQ DQG )LDQG*60GDWDWUDQVPLVVLRQ
FRQWURO8VLQJ:(%RU$QGURLGEDVHGDSSOLFDWLRQV>@WKH\ 7KH VHFRQG PRGXOH LV GHVLJQHG WR DXWRPDWH WKH SXPSLQJ
FDQWUDQVPLWGDWDDQGDOORZWKHIDUPHUVWRKDYHLQVWDQWDQHRXV VWDWLRQRUWRSURYLGHVROHQRLGYDOYHFRQWURO%RWKPRGXOHVDUH
FRQWURODQGUHDOWLPHDOHUWV>@ H[SDQGDEOH SURYLGLQJ QXPHURXV FRPPXQLFDWLRQ SURWRFROV
0RUHRYHU LQGHSHQGHQW RI PRQLWRULQJ V\VWHP VSHFLILFV IRUVHQVRUVHJ63,,&2QH:LUH7KHSODWIRUPKDVEXLOWLQ
HIIHFWLYH PHVVDJLQJ SURWRFROV OLNH +\SHUWH[W 7UDQVIHU GDWDORJJLQJIXQFWLRQDOLW\XVLQJDPLFUR6'FDUG
3URWRFRO+773DQG0HVVDJH4XHXLQJ7HOHPHWU\7UDQVSRUW
Authorized licensed use limited to: San Francisco State Univ. Downloaded on June 19,2021 at 10:16:12 UTC from IEEE Xplore. Restrictions apply.
,Q 6HFWLRQ ,, ZH SUHVHQW WKH EORFN GLDJUDP DQG WKH
KDUGZDUH DQG VRIWZDUH LPSOHPHQWDWLRQ LQ 6HFWLRQ ,,, WKH
ZLUHOHVVFRQWUROLQWHUIDFHLVSUHVHQWHGDQGLQ6HFWLRQ,9 ZH
SUHVHQWIXWXUHDGGRQVDQGLPSOHPHQWDWLRQFKDQJHV
,, 3/$7)250'(6&5,37,21
7KH DXWRQRPRXV SODWIRUP IRU DXWRPDWLRQ DQG LUULJDWLRQ
PRQLWRULQJ FRQVLVWV RXW RI WZR PRGXOHV WKH LQILHOG
DXWRQRPRXVVHQVRUPRGXOHDQGWKHLUULJDWLRQFRQWUROPRGXOH
)LJDQG)LJGHSLFWWKHEORFNGLDJUDPVIRUERWKPRGXOHV
7KH6HQVRUPRGXOHLVSURYLGLQJGDWDDFTXLVLWLRQRIWKHDLU
DQG VRLO WHPSHUDWXUH DQG KXPLGLW\ OXPLQRXV LQWHQVLW\ DQG
XOWUDYLROHW89LQGH[7KHFRPPXQLFDWLRQLVHQVXUHGE\WZR
VROXWLRQV IRU VPDOO GLVWDQFH EHWZHHQ WKH WUDQVPLWWHU DQG )LJ%ORFNGLDJUDPIRUWKHLUULJDWLRQFRQWUROPRGXOH
UHFHLYHU WKH :L)L LQWHUIDFH FDQ EH XVHG DQG IRU ORQJ
GLVWDQFH D *60 PRGXOH LV HPSOR\HG 6XSSO\ YROWDJH
DXWRQRP\LVSURYLGHGE\XVLQJVRODUHQHUJ\LQRUGHUWRFKDUJH
D OLWKLXPLRQ EDWWHU\ SDFNDJH 7KH V\VWHP FRQWURO SURYLGHV
WKH LQWHUIDFH EHWZHHQ WKH VHQVRU DQG WKH FRPPXQLFDWLRQ
PRGXOHV GDWD DFTXLVLWLRQ DQG HQHUJ\ PDQDJHPHQW )RU
LQVWDQFH LI WKH EDWWHU\ YROWDJH EHFRPHV ORZ RU WKH VRODU
HQHUJ\ SURGXFWLRQ FHDVHV WKH SODWIRUP ZLOO VHQG DQG
HPHUJHQF\ PHVVDJH WR LQIRUP WKH XVHU UHJDUGLQJ WKH
PDOIXQFWLRQ DQG LW ZLOO VZLWFK WR D ORZ SRZHU FRQVXPSWLRQ
PRGHE\WXUQLQJRIIWKHGDWDWUDQVFHLYHUVDQGXVLQJRQO\GDWD
DFTXLVLWLRQ
7KH LUULJDWLRQ FRQWURO EORFN GDWD DFTXLVLWLRQ LV VLPLODU WR
WKHVHQVRUPRGXOHRQH,WSURYLGHVWKHVDPHGDWDWUDQVFHLYHU )LJ6HQVRUVXVHGIRUGDWDDFTXLVLWLRQ
DQG D VLPLODU V\VWHP FRQWURO DQG VHQVRU PRGXOHV 1R VRODU
VXSSO\ FKDUJLQJ V\VWHP RU EDWWHU\ SDFNDJH DUH SURYLGHG )RU PHDVXULQJ WKH VRLO PRLVWXUH D FDSDFLWLYH SUREH LW LV
EHFDXVH WKLV PRGXOH ZLOO EH SODFHG QHDU WKH ZDWHU SXPSV XVHG 7KLV DGMXVWV WKH RXWSXW IUHTXHQF\ RI DQ DVWDEOH
WKXV KDYLQJ JULG DFFHVV $Q HOHFWURPDJQHWLF RU VROLGVWDWH PXOWLYLEUDWRUWKDWZLOOEHPRQLWRUHGE\WKHPLFURFRQWUROOHU
UHOD\ ZLOO EH XVHG WR FRQWURO WKH ZDWHU SXPS RU VROHQRLG 7KH FXUUHQW VROXWLRQ LV EHWWHU DW UHGXFLQJ PDLQWHQDQFH RI
YDOYH LQ RUGHU WR SURYLGH WKH QHFHVVDU\ ZDWHULQJ WKH VHQVRU GXH WR FRUURVLRQ 7KLV LV WKH PDLQ VHQVRU IDLOXUH
UHTXLUHPHQWVIRUERWKZHOODQGUXQQLQJZDWHUSUHUHTXLVLWHV PHFKDQLVPLQVRLOKXPLGLW\VHQVRUVEDVHGRQUHVLVWLYLW\GXH
)LJ VKRZV WKH VHQVRUV XVHG IRU GDWD DFTXLVLWLRQ RI WKH WRWKHLQMHFWHGFXUUHQW
VRLODQGDPELHQWSDUDPHWHUV)RUDLUDQGVRLOWHPSHUDWXUHWKH $PELHQW OLJKW XOWUDYLROHW DQG LQIUDUHG UDGLDWLRQ DUH
SODWIRUP XVHV '6% 7KH RQH ZLUH FRPPXQLFDWLRQ PHDVXUHG XVLQJ 0$; %+ DQG 9(0/
SURWRFROHQDEOHVWKHXVHRIPXOWLSOHVHQVRUV%03LVXVHG UHVSHFWLYHO\$OOWKHXSPHQWLRQHGVHQVRUVSURYLGHORZSRZHU
WR PRQLWRU WKH EDURPHWULF SUHVVXUH DQG DV D VHFRQG DLU FRQVXPSWLRQSUHUHTXLVLWHV
WHPSHUDWXUHPRQLWRUDQG'+7IRUDLUKXPLGLW\ $SDUW IURP FRQWUROOLQJ WKH ZDWHU VXSSO\ WKH LUULJDWLRQ
FRQWURO PRGXOH FDQ SURYLGH LQGHSHQGHQW IXQFWLRQDOLW\ DQG
PRQLWRULQJIRUDVHFRQG]RQH,WDOVRSURYLGHVDIORDWVZLWFK
VRWKHV\VWHPSUHSDUHGWREHXVHGIRUGULSLUULJDWLRQ
7KH¶2/('GLVSOD\DQGWKH6'FDUGDUHXVHGIRUGDWD
DFTXLVLWLRQ DQG WR GLVSOD\ PHDVXUHG SDUDPHWHUV 'DWD
DFTXLVLWLRQ IHDWXUHV KLJKHU SULRULW\ WKDQ WUDQVPLVVLRQ
HVSHFLDOO\ LQ ORZ SRZHU RSHUDWLRQ :KHQ WKH EDWWHU\ LQ ORZ
SRZHU PRGH FRPPXQLFDWLRQ LV LQWHUUXSWHG DQG GDWD
DFTXLVLWLRQLVPDLQWDLQHGXVLQJWKH6'FDUG
$ +DUGZDUH
7KH SULQWHG FLUFXLW ERDUGV IRU WKH VHQVRU DQG LUULJDWLRQ
FRQWURO PRGXOH DUH SUHVHQWHG LQ )LJ DQG WKH DVVHPEOHG
SURWRW\SHVLQ)LJ
%RWKPRGXOHVIHDWXUHH[SDQVLRQSRUWVIRULQWHJUDWLQJPRUH
)LJ%ORFNGLDJUDPVIRUWKHVHQVRUPRGXOH
VHQVRUVDQGIXQFWLRQDOLW\
Authorized licensed use limited to: San Francisco State Univ. Downloaded on June 19,2021 at 10:16:12 UTC from IEEE Xplore. Restrictions apply.
D
E
)LJ3URJUDPH[HFXWLRQIRU*60DDQG:L)LERSHUDWLRQ
D
$ VSHFLILF LQWHUUXSW LV LPSOHPHQWHG IRU WKH :,)L GDWD
WUDQVPLVVLRQ ,I (63B,54 LV VHW WKH GDWD DFTXLVLWLRQ VWDUWV
DQGWKHVHQVRUGDWDLVSDFNHGLQD&69IRUPDW$IWHUWKHGDWD
LVWUDQVPLWWHGWRWKH(63PRGXOHWKHLQWHUUXSWELWLVUHVHWDQG
WKHQRUPDOSURJUDPH[HFXWLRQUHVXPHV7KHGDWDFROOHFWHGE\
WKH :L)L PRGXOH UHIUHVKHV DW LQWHUYDOV VHW E\ D QHWZRUN
WLPHU
7KH UHVW RI WKH FRGH WKDW LV UXQQLQJ RQ WKH $95
PLFURFRQWUROOHU RYHUVHHV FRQWUROOLQJ WKH 2/(' GLVSOD\
ZULWLQJ WKH GDWD RQ WKH 6' FDUG DQG SODWIRUP SRZHU
PDQDJHPHQW )RU H[DPSOH LI WKH EDWWHU\ LV ORZ WKH
PLFURFRQWUROOHU ZLOO VKXW GRZQ WKH FRPPXQLFDWLRQ PRGXOHV
E
Authorized licensed use limited to: San Francisco State Univ. Downloaded on June 19,2021 at 10:16:12 UTC from IEEE Xplore. Restrictions apply.
7$%/(,
&203$5,621%(7:((1352326('3/$7)250$1'&200(5&,$/352'8&76
6 H Q V R7LPH U 6 H QV R U
2E V H UYD Q W& 3 URS RV H G
6 7'82 &RQ WUR OOH U3 OXV
> @ V ROXWLRQ
H F R ORJ LF > @ > @
'LPH Q V LR QV
[ [ [ [ [ [ [ [
>/[O[K PP@
Authorized licensed use limited to: San Francisco State Univ. Downloaded on June 19,2021 at 10:16:12 UTC from IEEE Xplore. Restrictions apply.