5HVHDUFKRQ)XQFWLRQ7HVW0HWKRGRI,QWHOOLJHQW
+LJKVSHHG5DLOZD\&HQWUDOL]HG7UDIILF&RQWURO
6\VWHP
2021 36th Youth Academic Annual Conference of Chinese Association of Automation (YAC) | 978-1-6654-3712-7/21/$31.00 ©2021 IEEE | DOI: 10.1109/YAC53711.2021.9486513
*$2)HQJ
%HLMLQJ+XDWLH,QIRUPDWLRQ7HFKQRORJ\&R
%HL-LQJ&KLQD
$EVWUDFW²:LWK WKH VXFFHVVLYH ODXQFK RI PXOWLSOH LQWHOOLJHQW
KLJKVSHHGUDLOZD\VWKHIXQFWLRQVRIWKH&7&KDYHFRQWLQXHGWR
H[SDQG ,QWHOOLJHQW DGMXVWPHQW ELJ GDWD SURFHVVLQJ DQG PXOWL
IXQFWLRQDOLQWHUDFWLRQKDYHEHFRPHWKHQHZRXWVWDQGLQJIHDWXUHV
RIWKH&7&,QRUGHUWRHQVXUHWKHVWDELOLW\DQGUHOLDELOLW\RIWKH
QHZJHQHUDWLRQRILQWHOOLJHQW&7&WKHWHVWLQJPHWKRGVRIV\VWHP
IXQFWLRQVQHHGWREHFRQWLQXRXVO\LPSURYHGDQGLQQRYDWHG&7&
IXQFWLRQDOWHVWLQJFDQEHGLYLGHGLQWRWZRDVSHFWVWHVWFDVHGHVLJQ
DQG WHVW HQYLURQPHQW GHVLJQ &RPSUHKHQVLYHO\ FRQVLGHULQJ WKH
FKDUDFWHULVWLFVRI&7&WKLVSDSHULQWURGXFHGWKHGHVLJQPHWKRG
RI &7& IXQFWLRQDO WHVW FDVHV LQ GHWDLO IURP WKH DVSHFWV RI
IXQFWLRQDO ORJLF IRUZDUG YHULILFDWLRQ IXQFWLRQDO ORJLF ERXQGDU\
SURWHFWLRQ SHUIRUPDQFH WHVWLQJ FRPSDWLELOLW\ WHVWLQJ EXVLQHVV
VFHQDULR DSSOLFDWLRQV HWF $W WKH VDPH WLPH DQ HQYLURQPHQWDO
VWUXFWXUH WKDW LV FRQYHQLHQW IRU VLPXODWLQJ WHVW LQSXW FRQGLWLRQV
ZDV GHVLJQHG DFFRUGLQJ WR WKH WHVW IXQFWLRQ FDWHJRU\ LQFOXGLQJ
PLUURU VWUXFWXUH WHVW HQYLURQPHQW SDUDOOHO VWUXFWXUH WHVW
HQYLURQPHQW LQIRUPDWLRQ UHFKDUJH WHVW HQYLURQPHQW G\QDPLF
VLPXODWLRQ WHVW HQYLURQPHQW HWF DQG WKH FKDUDFWHULVWLFV DQG
SULQFLSOHVRIWKHVWUXFWXUHZHUHDQDO\]HGRQHE\RQH
.H\ZRUGV²&HQWUDOL]HG 7UDIILF &RQWURO 6\VWHP 㸦 &7& 㸧 
IXQFWLRQWHVWWHVWFDVHWHVWHQYLURQPHQW
, ,1752'8&7,21
:LWK WKH VXFFHVVLYH ODXQFK RI LQWHOOLJHQW KLJKVSHHG
UDLOZD\V VXFK DV %HLMLQJ=KDQJMLDNRX %HLMLQJ;LRQJ DQ DQG
%HLMLQJ6KHQ\DQJ &KLQD V KLJKVSHHG UDLOZD\V KDYH WDNHQ D
QHZ VWHS WRZDUG WKH GHYHORSPHQW RI DXWRPDWLRQ DQG
LQWHOOLJHQFH DQG WKH WUDQVSRUWDWLRQ HIILFLHQF\ DQG HFRQRPLF
EHQHILWV KDYH DOVR EHHQ VWHDGLO\ LPSURYHG >@ 7KH &7&
&HQWUDOL]HG 7UDIILF &RQWURO 6\VWHP  V\VWHP LV DQ LPSRUWDQW
JXDUDQWHHIRUUDLOZD\WUDQVSRUWDWLRQDQGHFRQRP\,WVIXQFWLRQV
DUH FRQVWDQWO\ LWHUDWLYHO\ XSGDWHG EDVHG RQ WKH FKDUDFWHULVWLFV
RI LQWHOOLJHQW KLJKVSHHG UDLO DV ,QWHUQHW RI WKLQJV ELJ GDWD
LQWHOOLJHQW RSHUDWLRQ HWF DQG LW LV ERXQG WR XQGHUWDNH PRUH
DQG PRUH GLIILFXOW WDVNV 7KH VWDELOLW\ DQG UHOLDELOLW\ RI WKH
V\VWHP ZLOO DOVR EH PRUH VHYHUHO\ FKDOOHQJHG $W WKH VDPH
WLPHWKHWHVWLQJRI&7&V\VWHPIXQFWLRQVLVDOVREHLQJVWXGLHG
VLPXOWDQHRXVO\ DQG PRUH IOH[LEOH ULFK HIIHFWLYH DQG
LQWHOOLJHQWWHVWLQJ PHWKRGV DUH QHHGHG WR FUHDWH FRQGLWLRQV IRU
V\VWHPIXQFWLRQWHVWLQJ
)XQGSURMHFW.H\3URMHFWRI6FLHQFHDQG7HFKQRORJ\5HVHDUFK3ODQRI
&KLQD$FDGHP\RI5DLOZD\6FLHQFHV*URXS&R/WG <- 
978-1-6654-3712-7/21/$31.00 ©2021 IEEE
Authorized licensed use limited to: UNIVERSIDADE DE SAO PAULO. Downloaded on August 06,2022 at 23:47:56 UTC from IEEE Xplore. Restrictions apply.
;8:HL
6LJQDO &RPPXQLFDWLRQ5HVHDUFK,QVWLWXWH&KLQD
$FDGHP\RI5DLOZD\6FLHQFHV&RUSRUDWLRQ/LPLWHG
%HL-LQJ&KLQD


,, ,17(//,*(17&7&
,Q UDLOZD\ WUDQVSRUWDWLRQ RSHUDWLRQV WKH &7& V\VWHP LV
PDLQO\ UHVSRQVLEOH IRU WKH FRPSOHWLRQ DQG DGMXVWPHQW RI WKH
WUDLQSODQWKHUHFRUGRIWKHSODQLPSOHPHQWDWLRQWKHDXWRPDWLF
FRQWURO RI WKH VWDWLRQ VLJQDO HTXLSPHQW DQG WKH
FFRPPXQLFDWLRQ ZLWK WKH ORFRPRWLYH ,W LV WKH WKUHHSDUW\
LQWHUFRQQHFWLRQ FRUH HTXLSPHQW RI WKH UDLOZD\ DGPLQLVWUDWLRQ
FHQWHU WKH UDLOZD\ VWDWLRQ DQG WKH ORFRPRWLYH %DVHG RQ WKH
H[LVWLQJ &7& IXQFWLRQV WKH LQWHOOLJHQW &7& KDV EHHQ
RSWLPL]HG DQG XSJUDGHG LQ WHUPV RI V\VWHP LQWHOOLJHQFH
VWUXFWXUHDQGSHUIRUPDQFH
$ $XWRPDWLFDGMXVWPHQWRIWUDLQRSHUDWLRQSODQ
8QGHU WKH IUDPHZRUN RI LQWHOOLJHQW UDLOZD\ GHVLJQ DQ
DXWRPDWLFDGMXVWPHQWV\VWHP RIWUDLQRSHUDWLRQSODQLQFOXGLQJ
DSSOLFDWLRQ OD\HU EXVLQHVV OD\HU DQG GDWD OD\HU FODVVLI\
DGMXVWPHQW VFHQDULRV DQG VWUDWHJLHV FRQVWUXFW SODQ FRQIOLFW
GHWHFWLRQ DQG DGMXVWPHQW VFKHPH DQG SURYLGH LQWHOOLJHQW DQG
IDVW DGMXVWPHQW IXQFWLRQV RI SODQ WR PHHW WKH UHDOWLPH
RSWLPL]DWLRQ DQG DGMXVWPHQW QHHGV RI WKH RSHUDWLRQ SODQ LQ
HPHUJHQFLHV>@
% ,QWHOOLJHQWKLJKVSHHGUDLO$72WUDLQSODQWUDQVPLVVLRQ
'HYHORS WKH LQWHOOLJHQW KLJKVSHHG UDLO $72 WUDLQ SODQ
WUDQVPLVVLRQVXEV\VWHPDQGWUDQVPLWWKHWUDLQSODQWRWKH$72
V\VWHP (VWDEOLVK $72 SODQ GDWD SDFNDJH DQG WUDQVPLVVLRQ
SODQ DFFXUDWHO\ GHWHUPLQH WKH FXUUHQW SRVLWLRQ RI WKH WUDLQ
LQQRYDWHWKHG\QDPLFXSGDWHPHFKDQLVPRIGDWDPDLQWDLQWKH
FRQVLVWHQF\RIWKHSODQGDWDEHWZHHQWUDLQDQGVWDWLRQPHHWWKH
QHHGV RI LQWHOOLJHQW KLJKVSHHG UDLO $72 WUDLQ DXWRPDWLF
GULYLQJLPSURYHSXQFWXDOLW\DQGUHGXFHWUDQVSRUWDWLRQHQHUJ\
FRQVXPSWLRQ>@
& :LQGUDLQDQGVQRZGLVDVWHUZDUQLQJ
(VWDEOLVKDGDWDLQWHUDFWLRQPHFKDQLVPZLWKWKHKLJKVSHHG
UDLOZD\ GLVDVWHU SUHYHQWLRQ V\VWHP >@ $FFRUGLQJ WR GLIIHUHQW
W\SHVDQGOHYHOVRIZLQGUDLQDQGVQRZGLVDVWHULQIRUPDWLRQ
WKH DIIHFWHG FHQWUDO GLVSDWFK HTXLSPHQW DQG WUDLQV DUH JLYHQ
JUDSKLF DQG YRLFH ZDUQLQJV DQG WKH VSHHG OLPLW FRPPDQG RI
FRUUHVSRQGLQJ UDLOZD\ DUHD LV DXWRPDWLFDOO\ JHQHUDWHG
DFFRUGLQJ WR WKH GLVDVWHU FRYHUDJH ,W FUHDWHG DQ HIIHFWLYH
104
GLVDVWHU UHVSRQVH PHFKDQLVP UHGXFHG WKH ZRUNORDG RI
GLVSDWFKHUVDQGJXDUDQWHHGWKHVDIHW\RILQWHOOLJHQWKLJKVSHHG
UDLOWUDQVSRUWDWLRQ
' 3URWRFROFRQYHUVLRQDQGGDWDSURFHVVLQJ
1HZO\ DGGHG FRPPXQLFDWLRQ LQWHUIDFHV ZLWK WKH $72
V\VWHP GLVDVWHU SUHYHQWLRQ V\VWHP DQG 6&$'$ V\VWHP
5HDOL]HWKHSURWRFROFRQYHUVLRQEHWZHHQQHZO\DGGHGH[WHUQDO
GDWD DQG &7& LQWHUQDO GDWD DQG VHW XS VWULFW GDWD RYHUUDQJH
FDUG FRQWURO RYHUWLPH HPSW\LQJ DQG FKDQJH LQVSHFWLRQ
PHFKDQLVPV >@ :LWK &7& IXQFWLRQV FRQWLQXH WR LQFUHDVH WKH
V\VWHPVWUXFWXUHLVEHFRPLQJPRUHDQGPRUHFRPSOH[DQGWKH
W\SHDQGTXDQWLW\RILQIRUPDWLRQWKDWQHHGWREHSURFHVVHGKDYH
DOVR LQFUHDVHG H[SRQHQWLDOO\ ,Q RUGHU WR LPSURYH LQIRUPDWLRQ
SURFHVVLQJ FDSDELOLWLHV DQG SUHYHQW LQIRUPDWLRQ IURP ULQJLQJ
VWRUPV YDULRXV GDWD IRUZDUGLQJ DQG ILOWHULQJ UXOHV KDYH EHHQ
VWUHQJWKHQHG 7KH VRXUFH RI WKH GDWD LV VWULFWO\ FRQWUROOHG E\
FDUGV
,,, ,17(//,*(17&7&)81&7,217(670(7+2'
,QWHOOLJHQW &7& IXQFWLRQDO WHVWLQJ UHTXLUHV FRPSUHKHQVLYH
FRQVLGHUDWLRQ RI V\VWHP VWUXFWXUH DSSOLFDWLRQ VFHQDULRV DQG
GDWD FKDUDFWHULVWLFV DQG FRQWLQXRXV GHYHORSPHQW DQG
LPSURYHPHQW RI VLPXODWLRQ VRIWZDUH DQG WHVWLQJ PHWKRGV IRU
WHVWLQJ WR HQVXUH WKH DFFXUDF\ DQG FRPSOHWHQHVV RI IXQFWLRQDO
WHVWLQJ6\VWHPIXQFWLRQWHVWLQJFDQEHGLYLGHGLQWRWZRSDUWV
WHVWFDVHGHVLJQDQGWHVWHQYLURQPHQWGHVLJQ7HVWFDVHVVSHFLI\
WKH LQSXW DQG RXWSXW RI V\VWHP IXQFWLRQ WHVWV ZKLFK DUH WKH
FULWHULD IRU MXGJLQJ WKH VXFFHVV RI WKH IXQFWLRQ WHVW WKH WHVW
HQYLURQPHQWLVWKHFDUULHURIWKHIXQFWLRQWHVWDUHDVRQDEOHWHVW
HQYLURQPHQW FDQ DFFXUDWHO\ KHOS UHDOL]H WKH WHVW LQSXW
FRQGLWLRQV DQG IDFLOLWDWH WKH WHVWHU WR MXGJH WKH FRUUHFWQHVV RI
WKHWHVWRXWSXW
$ 7HVWFDVHGHVLJQ
)XQFWLRQDO WHVWLQJ QHHGV WR FODULI\ IDFWRUV VXFK DV WKH
VSHFLILFDWLRQVLPSOHPHQWDWLRQVFKHPHVDQGVFRSHRILQIOXHQFH
RI WKH WHVWHG IXQFWLRQ 7KH GHVLJQ RI WHVW FDVHV FDQ EH
LPSOHPHQWHGPDLQO\IURPWKHIROORZLQJDVSHFWV
  )XQFWLRQDOORJLFIRUZDUGWHVW
6WULFWO\UHIHUWRWKHIXQFWLRQDOVSHFLILFDWLRQVDQGGHVLJQWHVW
VFHQDULRVIRUWKHFRUUHFWUHDOL]DWLRQRIWKHIXQFWLRQV(VWDEOLVKD
IXQFWLRQDO ORJLF WUHH VWUXFWXUH PRGHO WR YHULI\ DOO ORJLF
MXGJPHQWV)RUDVSHFLILFOHJDOLQSXWLWVFRUUHVSRQGLQJRXWSXW
PXVWEHFOHDUDQGXQLTXH
)RUIXQFWLRQVDFFRPSDQLHGE\FRQILJXUDWLRQSDUDPHWHUVLW
LV QHFHVVDU\ WR GHVLJQ WHVW FDVHV UHDVRQDEO\ DFFRUGLQJ WR WKH
W\SHRISDUDPHWHUV
• %RROHDQ SDUDPHWHU 7KLV W\SH RI SDUDPHWHU LV RIWHQ D
IXQFWLRQVZLWFKFRQILJXUDWLRQ7KHIXQFWLRQHIIHFWZKHQ
WKH SDUDPHWHU YDOXH LV  DQG  WKDW LV WKH VSHFLILF
IXQFWLRQLVWXUQHGRQRURII DQGWKHGHIDXOWYDOXHRIWKH
SDUDPHWHUPXVWEHYHULILHGUHVSHFWLYHO\
• %LQDU\ SDUDPHWHUV 6XFK SDUDPHWHUV FRUUHVSRQG WR
GLIIHUHQW GHPDQG RSWLRQV RI WKH VDPH IHDWXUH VHW WKH
YDOXHV RI HDFK VHTXHQFH UHVSHFWLYHO\ UHSUHVHQW WKH RQ
105
Authorized licensed use limited to: UNIVERSIDADE DE SAO PAULO. Downloaded on August 06,2022 at 23:47:56 UTC from IEEE Xplore. Restrictions apply.
DQG RII RI WKH FRUUHVSRQGLQJ RSWLRQ DQG WKHVH RSWLRQV
DUH QRW PXWXDOO\ H[FOXVLYH DQG FDQ EH RSHQHG LQ
FRPELQDWLRQ )RU H[DPSOH VHQGLQJ DGYDQFH QRWLFH
FRQILJXUDWLRQ SDUDPHWHUV D SDUDPHWHU YDOXH RI 
PHDQV WKDW RQO\ WKH DGYDQFH QRWLFH RI DFFHVV FDQ EH
VHQW D SDUDPHWHU YDOXH RI  PHDQV WKDW RQO\ WKH
DGYDQFH QRWLFH RI GHSDUWXUH FDQ EH VHQW DQG D
SDUDPHWHU YDOXH RI  PHDQV WKDW ERWK DFFHVV DQG
GHSDUWXUHDGYDQFHQRWLFHVFDQEHVHQWDWWKHVDPHWLPH
7KHYHULILFDWLRQRIELQDU\SDUDPHWHUVQHHGVWRWUDYHUVH
YDULRXV RSWLRQ IXQFWLRQ VFHQDULRV DQG WKH FRPELQDWLRQ
VFHQHVZLWKPXOWLSOHRSWLRQVRQRURII
• 'HFLPDO SDUDPHWHU 'HFLPDO SDUDPHWHUV XVXDOO\
FRUUHVSRQGWRWKHTXDQWLWDWLYHSURSHUWLHVRIWKHIXQFWLRQ
VXFK DV WKH MXGJPHQW WLPH RI WKH GDWD WLPHRXW WKH
QXPEHU RI WLPHVRIUHWUDQVPLVVLRQ RI WKH WLPHRXWGDWD
HWF7KHYHULILFDWLRQRIWKLVW\SHRISDUDPHWHUQHHGVWR
VHOHFW YDOLG HTXLYDOHQFH FODVVHV ZLWKLQ WKH OHJDO YDOXH
UDQJH DQG SHUIRUP IXQFWLRQDO VFHQDULR YHULILFDWLRQ LQ
WXUQ
  )XQFWLRQDOORJLFERXQGDU\SURWHFWLRQWHVW
7KH FRUUHFW UHDOL]DWLRQ RI DQ\ IXQFWLRQ RI WKH LQWHOOLJHQW
&7& LV QRW RQO\ UHIOHFWHG LQ WKH VDWLVIDFWLRQ RI IXQFWLRQDO
UHTXLUHPHQWV EXW DOVR UHTXLUHV IXQFWLRQDO VWDELOLW\ DQG DQWL
LQWHUIHUHQFH,QWKHSURFHVVRIWHVWFDVHGHVLJQWKHORJLFRIWKH
IXQFWLRQLWVHOIVKRXOGEHDQDO\]HGZKHWKHUWKHUHLVDEOLQGVSRW
LQMXGJPHQWRUZKHWKHULOOHJDOG\QDPLFLQSXWGDWDLVSURWHFWHG
VRDVWRYHULI\LQWKHFRUUHVSRQGLQJWHVWVFHQDULR
6LPLODUO\ IRU IXQFWLRQV DFFRPSDQLHG E\ FRQILJXUDWLRQ
SDUDPHWHUV LW LV QHFHVVDU\ WR YHULI\ ZKHWKHU WKH SDUDPHWHU V
RXWRIUDQJH YDOXH LV SURWHFWHG 7KH &7& XVXDOO\ XQLIRUPO\
FRUUHFWVLOOHJDOFRQILJXUDWLRQSDUDPHWHUVWRGHIDXOWYDOXHV
  3HUIRUPDQFHWHVW
3HUIRUPDQFHWHVWPDLQO\LQYROYHVGDWDSURFHVVLQJ
FDSDELOLW\WHVWLQJDQGV\VWHPUHVRXUFHRFFXSDQF\WHVWLQJ
7KHYHULILFDWLRQRIGDWDSURFHVVLQJFDSDELOLWLHVQHHGVWR
GHVLJQVLPXODWHGLQSXWGDWDZLWKODUJHDPRXQWVIUHTXHQW
FKDQJHVDQGLUUHJXODULWLHV$WWKHVDPHWLPHLWLVDOVR
QHFHVVDU\WRFRQVLGHUWKHXQSDFNLQJDQGJURXSLQJORJLFRI
PXOWLSDFNHWGDWDPHDQVWKDWZKHWKHULWFDQEHXQSDFNHGRU
JURXSHGFRUUHFWO\ZKHQUHFHLYLQJRUVHQGLQJLQIRUPDWLRQ
H[FHHGLQJE\WHV
7KH &7& IXQFWLRQ WHVW QHHGV WR VWULFWO\ PRQLWRU WKH
RFFXSDWLRQ RI V\VWHP UHVRXUFHV WR KHOS RSWLPL]H GDWD
SURFHVVLQJORJLFDQGDOJRULWKPV7KHXVXDOPHWKRGLVWRUHFRUG
WKH V\VWHP PHPRU\ DQG &38 UHVRXUFHV FRQVXPHG E\ WKH
LPSOHPHQWDWLRQRIWKH&7&IXQFWLRQLQWKHPLQLPXPKDUGZDUH
FRQILJXUDWLRQHQYLURQPHQWRIWKHDFWXDODSSOLFDWLRQ
  6\VWHPFRPSDWLELOLW\WHVW
&7&VXEV\VWHPVQHHGWRUXQLQGLIIHUHQWW\SHVRU
YHUVLRQVRIRSHUDWLQJV\VWHPVVXFKDV:LQGRZ/LQX[HWF
DQGIXQFWLRQWHVWVVKRXOGEHSHUIRUPHGLQDOORSHUDWLQJV\VWHP
HQYLURQPHQWVWKDWPD\QHHGWRUXQ
$WWKHVDPHWLPHWKHHQWLUH&7&LVFRPSRVHGRIPXOWLSOH
VXEV\VWHPV)RUDQ\IXQFWLRQWHVWLWLVQHFHVVDU\WRYHULI\WKH
GDWD LQWHUDFWLRQ DQG FRRSHUDWLRQ EHWZHHQ WKH VXEV\VWHP WR
ZKLFK WKH IXQFWLRQ EHORQJV DQG RWKHU H[LVWLQJ VXEV\VWHPV WR
HQVXUHWKHUHOLDELOLW\RIWKHRYHUDOORSHUDWLRQRIWKHV\VWHP
  %XVLQHVVVFHQDULRVLPXODWLRQWHVW
%XVLQHVVVFHQDULRFDQEHGLYLGHGLQWRFRQVWUXFWLRQ
UHFRQVWUXFWLRQVFHQDULRDQGDFWXDORSHUDWLRQVFHQDULR
7KHFRQVWUXFWLRQUHFRQVWUXFWLRQVFHQDULRLVWKHRSHUDWLRQ
WHFKQRORJ\DQGSURFHVVIROORZHGZKHQXSGDWLQJWKH&7&
VRIWZDUHRQVLWH)RUH[DPSOHIRUWKHFRQVWUXFWLRQRIDVXE
V\VWHPRIDFWLYHDQGVWDQGE\GXDOV\VWHPKRWVWDQGE\LQRUGHU
WRHQVXUHWKDWWKHV\VWHPRSHUDWLRQLVQRWLQWHUUXSWHGLWLV
QHFHVVDU\WRFKDQJHWKHVWDQGE\FRPSXWHUSURJUDPILUVWDQG
WKHQPDQXDOO\RSHUDWHWKHPDLQVWDQGE\FRPSXWHUWRUHYHUVH
DQGWKHQUHSODFHDQRWKHUHTXLSPHQWSURJUDP
$FWXDO RSHUDWLRQ VFHQDULRV UHIHU WR GLIIHUHQW VFHQDULRV WKDW
PD\EHIDFHGLQWKHDFWXDODSSOLFDWLRQRIIXQFWLRQV%HFDXVHRI
WKH GLYHUVH DQG FRPSOH[ UDLOZD\ VWDWLRQ W\SHV DQG YHKLFOH
W\SHV DQ\ IXQFWLRQ QHHGV WR EH FRPSUHKHQVLYHO\ FRQVLGHUHG
GXULQJ WKH WHVW SURFHVV ZKHUH LWV IXQFWLRQ PD\ DFWXDOO\ EH
DSSOLHG 7DNH WKH WUDLQ QXPEHU WUDFNLQJ IXQFWLRQ DV DQ
H[DPSOH)URPWKHORFDWLRQRIWKHWUDLQLWFDQEHGLYLGHGLQWR
DSSOLFDWLRQVFHQDULRVVXFKDVVHFWLRQWUDFNLQJLQVWDWLRQDFFHVV
URXWH WUDFNLQJ DQG LQVWDWLRQ GHSDUWXUH URXWH WUDFNLQJ )URP
WKHOHQJWKRIWKHWUDLQLWFDQEHGLYLGHGLQWRVFHQDULRVVXFKDV
RUGLQDU\ WUDLQ WUDFNLQJ XOWUDORQJ WUDLQ WUDFNLQJ DQG VLQJOH
PDFKLQHMXPSWUDFNLQJ
% 7HVWHQYLURQPHQWGHVLJQ
'LIIHUHQW W\SHV RI IXQFWLRQDO WHVWV KDYH GLIIHUHQW
UHTXLUHPHQWV IRU WKH WHVW HQYLURQPHQW 7KH GHVLJQ RI WKH WHVW
HQYLURQPHQW PXVW WDNH WKH UHDOL]DWLRQ RI WKH WHVW FDVH LQSXW
FRQGLWLRQV DV WKH SULPDU\ JRDO DQG KDV WKH FKDUDFWHULVWLFV RI
HDV\ RSHUDWLRQ HDV\ PRQLWRULQJ DQG HDV\ PDLQWHQDQFH $W
SUHVHQW WKH DXWRPDWLF WHVW HQYLURQPHQW FRPPRQO\ XVHG LQ
LQWHOOLJHQW&7&FDQEHGLYLGHGLQWRIRXUW\SHV
  0LUURUVWUXFWXUHWHVWHQYLURQPHQW
$VVKRZQLQ)LJXUHWKHPLUURUVWUXFWXUHWHVWHQYLURQPHQW
LV FRQVWUXFWHG E\ WZR LGHQWLFDO &7& FRQQHFWHG WKURXJK WKHLU
UHVSHFWLYH H[WHUQDO LQWHUIDFH VHUYHUV 7KH WHVW HQYLURQPHQW RI
WKLV W\SH RI VWUXFWXUH LV VXLWDEOH IRU WHVWLQJ DQG YHULI\LQJ WKH
SURWRFRO FRQYHUVLRQ IXQFWLRQ RI WKH LQWHUIDFH VHUYHU 7KH
DGYDQWDJHLVWKDWWKHUHLVQRQHHGWRGHYHORSDQGDSSO\H[WHUQDO
SURWRFRO VLPXODWLRQ VRIWZDUH 7KURXJK WKH PRGH RI¶ LQWHUQDO
SURWRFRO² H[WHUQDO SURWRFRO² LQWHUQDO SURWRFRO ¶FRQWLQXRXV
FRQYHUVLRQ LWDOVR YHULILHV WKHSURWRFROFRQYHUVLRQRI VSHFLILF
W\SHV RI LQIRUPDWLRQ IURP LQVLGH WR RXWVLGH IURP RXWVLGH WR

LQVLGH $W WKH VDPH WLPH WKH FRUUHFWQHVV RI WKH LQIRUPDWLRQ
FDQ EH LQWXLWLYHO\ MXGJHG WKURXJK WKH LQIRUPDWLRQ UHFHLYLQJ
WHUPLQDO VXFK DV SUHVHQWDWLRQ LQIRUPDWLRQ SKDVH SODQ
LQIRUPDWLRQVFKHGXOLQJFRPPDQGLQIRUPDWLRQDQGVRRQ
106
Authorized licensed use limited to: UNIVERSIDADE DE SAO PAULO. Downloaded on August 06,2022 at 23:47:56 UTC from IEEE Xplore. Restrictions apply.
/ŶƚĞƌŶĂů
d
WƌŽƚŽĐŽů
WƌŽƚŽĐŽůĐŽŶǀĞƌƐŝŽŶ
ĂƚĂĨŽƌǁĂƌĚŝŶŐ
džƚĞƌŶĂů
WƌŽƚŽĐŽů WƌŽƚŽĐŽůĐŽŶǀĞƌƐŝŽŶ
ĂƚĂĨŽƌǁĂƌĚŝŶŐ
d
/ŶƚĞƌŶĂů
WƌŽƚŽĐŽů

)LJ 0LUURUVWUXFWXUHWHVWHQYLURQPHQW
  3DUDOOHOVWUXFWXUHWHVWHQYLURQPHQW
7KHSDUDOOHOVWUXFWXUHWHVWHQYLURQPHQWLVDOVRFRPSRVHGRI
WZRVHWVRI&7&V7KHGLIIHUHQFHLVWKDWWKHUHLVQRLQIRUPDWLRQ
LQWHUDFWLRQEHWZHHQWKHWZRVHWVRIV\VWHPV7KH\DUHGLYLGHG
LQWRDWHVWJURXSDQGDFRQWUROJURXSDQGDUHFRQQHFWHGWRWKH
VDPH LQSXW LQIRUPDWLRQ VRXUFH 7KLV W\SH RI VWUXFWXUDO WHVW
HQYLURQPHQW LV VXLWDEOH IRU FRPSDULVRQ YHULILFDWLRQ RI &7&
IXQFWLRQDOVWDELOLW\DQGUHOLDELOLW\)RU%8*WKDWLVQRWHDV\WR
LQWXLWLYHO\ MXGJH VXFK DV PHPRU\ OHDNV DQG PXOWLWKUHDGHG
LQWHUORFNV DIWHU WKH IXQFWLRQ LV UHSDLUHG WKH H[LVWLQJ IDXOW\
VXEV\VWHP DQG WKH WHVWHG VXEV\VWHP FDQ EH FRPSDUHG DQG
WHVWHG )LUVW VHW D ORQJ HQRXJK WHVW WLPH WR UHFRUG WKH
RFFXUUHQFH RI IDLOXUHV ZKHQ WKH WZR V\VWHPV SURFHVV XQLILHG
LQSXW GDWD ,I WKH FRQWURO JURXS V\VWHP UHSURGXFHV WKH %8*
PDQ\WLPHVDQGWKHWHVWJURXSV\VWHPGRHVQRWKDYHD%8*LW
LV MXGJHG WKDW WKH %8* KDV EHHQ IL[HG DQG WKH YHULILFDWLRQ LV
SDVVHG
ŽŶƚƌŽůĐŽŵŵƵŶŝĐĂƚŝŽŶƐĞƌǀĞƌ ŽŶƚƌŽů
ĐŽƌĞ ŽŶƚƌŽůŐƌŽƵƉĚŝƐƉůĂLJŽƉĞƌĂƚŝŽŶƚĞƌŵŝŶĂů
ŽŶƚƌŽůƐĞƌǀĞƌ ĐŽŶƚƌŽůƐ
hŶŝĨŝĞĚŝŶĨŽƌŵĂƚŝŽŶƐŽƵƌĐĞ
dĞƐƚĐŽŵŵƵŶŝĐĂƚŝŽŶƐĞƌǀĞƌ dĞƐƚ
ĐŽƌĞ dĞƐƚŐƌŽƵƉĚŝƐƉůĂLJŽƉĞƌĂƚŝŽŶƚĞƌŵŝŶĂů
dƐĞƚƐĞƌǀĞƌ ĐŽŶƚƌŽůƐ

)LJ 3DUDOOHOVWUXFWXUHWHVWHQYLURQPHQW
  ,QIRUPDWLRQIHHGEDFNWHVWHQYLURQPHQW
7KH FRUH FRQWURO LV WKH NH\ HTXLSPHQW RI &7& DXWRPDWLF
FRQWURO,WVEDVLFZRUNLQJPRGHLVWRWUDFNWKHWUDLQSRVLWLRQLQ
UHDOWLPHDQGDXWRPDWLFDOO\FRQWUROWKHWUDLQURXWHDUUDQJHPHQW
DFFRUGLQJ WR WKH WUDQVSRUWDWLRQ DGMXVWPHQW SODQ 7KH
LQIRUPDWLRQ IHHGEDFN WHVW HQYLURQPHQW LV PDLQO\ XVHG IRU WKH
&7&FRUHFRQWUROIXQFWLRQWHVW,WVSULQFLSOHLVWRDXWRPDWLFDOO\
VLPXODWH WKH VWDQGDUG LQSXW GDWD UHTXLUHG DQG VHQG LW WR WKH
WHVWHGFRUHFRQWUROUHFRUGDQGDQDO\]HWKHRXWSXWGDWDVRDVWR
GHWHUPLQHZKHWKHUWKHWHVWIXQFWLRQSDVVHV7KHVWDQGDUGLQSXW
GDWD RI WKH WHVWHG IXQFWLRQ H[LVWV LQ WKH IRUP RI VFULSWV 7KH
QXPEHU RI WHVWHG IXQFWLRQV LV SUHVHW DQG WKH VFULSWV RI HDFK
IXQFWLRQ DUH QXPEHUHG WR UHDOL]H EDWFK DXWRPDWLF UHJUHVVLRQ
WHVWLQJRIPXOWLSOHIXQFWLRQV
   '\QDPLFVLPXODWLRQWHVWHQYLURQPHQW
'LVSOD\LQIRUPDWLRQ 7KH G\QDPLF VLPXODWLRQ WHVW HQYLURQPHQW LV FRPSOHWHO\
7UDLQQXPEHULQIRUPDWLRQ 6WDQGDUG EXLOWLQ DFFRUGDQFH ZLWK WKH DFWXDO DSSOLFDWLRQ VFHQDULRV RI
LQSXWGDWD
3KDVHSODQLQIRUPDWLRQ
UDLOZD\ WUDQVSRUWDWLRQ 7KH &7& LQWHOOLJHQW VLPXODWLRQ
SODWIRUP>@LVXVHGWRVLPXODWHWKHMRLQWGHEXJJLQJDQGMRLQWWHVW
2WKHULQSXWLQIRUPDWLRQ
RI WKH RYHUDOO EDVLF IXQFWLRQV RI WKH &7& V\VWHP XQGHU
$XWRPDWLFWHVW &RUHFRQWUROWR
UHODWLYHO\ EXV\ WUDQVSRUWDWLRQ FRQGLWLRQV VXFK DV VWDJH SODQ
PLGGOHZDUH EHWHVWHG
UHOHDVH WUDLQ QXPEHU WUDFNLQJ LQ DQG EHWZHHQ VWDWLRQV
$ODUPLQIRUPDWLRQ DXWRPDWLFSRLQWUHSRUWLQJDXWRPDWLFURXWLQJ WULJJHUHGE\WLPH
RUORFDWLRQ WUDLQ*QHWZRUNUHJLVWUDWLRQPRELOHDXWKRUL]DWLRQ
&RQWUROFRPPDQGLQIRUPDWLRQ
6WDQGDUG
RXWSXWGDWD
LQIRUPDWLRQ GLVSOD\ GLVSOD\ LQIRUPDWLRQ WUDQVSDUHQW
6\QFKURQL]DWLRQLQIRUPDWLRQ WUDQVPLVVLRQ HWF $W WKH VDPH WLPH HDFK VXEV\VWHP PDWFKHV
2WKHURXWSXWLQIRUPDWLRQ WKH PLQLPXP VWDQGDUG KDUGZDUH FRQILJXUDWLRQ UHDOWLPH
PRQLWRULQJRIWKHRFFXSDWLRQRIV\VWHPUHVRXUFHVDQGUHDOL]LQJ
 WKHG\QDPLFVWDELOLW\WHVWRIWKHV\VWHP
)LJ ,QIRUPDWLRQIHHGEDFNWHVWHQYLURQPHQW 
$SSOLFDWLRQ &RPPXQLFDWLRQ ,QWHUIDFH
&HQWUDOPDQPDFKLQH &7&,QWHOOLJHQW VHUYHU VHUYHU VHUYHU
ZRUNVWDWLRQ 6LPXODWLRQ3ODWIRUP

&HQWUDOQHWZRUN
HTXLSPHQW

:LUHG
FRPPXQLFDWLRQ

6WDWLRQQHWZRUN
HTXLSPHQW

6WDWLRQ 6WDWLRQ 6WDWLRQ1 6WDWLRQ1

FRUHFRQWURO 2SHUDWLRQWHUPLQDO FRUHFRQWURO 2SHUDWLRQWHUPLQDO

)LJ '\QDPLFVLPXODWLRQWHVWHQYLURQPHQW

LQQRYDWLRQ $OWKRXJK WKH FXUUHQW &7& IXQFWLRQ WHVW FDQ

,9 &21&/86,21
7KLV SDSHU LQWURGXFHV WKH QHZ IXQFWLRQV DQG
FKDUDFWHULVWLFV RI WKH LQWHOOLJHQW KLJKVSHHG UDLOZD\ &7&
EDVHG RQ WKH H[LVWLQJ &7& 7KH IXQFWLRQDO WHVW RI WKH &7&
V\VWHP LV GLYLGHG LQWR WZR SDUWV WHVW FDVH GHVLJQ DQG WHVW
HQYLURQPHQWGHVLJQ7KHPHWKRGRI&7&IXQFWLRQWHVWFDVHV
LV GHVLJQHG IURP WKH DVSHFWV RI IXQFWLRQDO ORJLF IRUZDUG
YHULILFDWLRQ IXQFWLRQDO ORJLF ERXQGDU\ SURWHFWLRQ
SHUIRUPDQFH WHVWLQJ FRPSDWLELOLW\ WHVWLQJ DQG EXVLQHVV
VFHQDULR DSSOLFDWLRQV $W WKH VDPH WLPH WHVW HQYLURQPHQWV
LQFOXGLQJWKHPLUURUVWUXFWXUHSDUDOOHOVWUXFWXUHLQIRUPDWLRQ
IHHGEDFNDQGG\QDPLFVLPXODWLRQDUHGHVLJQHGDFFRUGLQJWR
WKH W\SH RI IXQFWLRQ WHVWHG DQG WKH FKDUDFWHULVWLFV DQG
SULQFLSOHVRIWKHVWUXFWXUHDUHDQDO\]HGRQHE\RQH
&7& IXQFWLRQ WHVWLQJ LV D ZRUN WKDW UHTXLUHV FRQWLQXRXV
UHSHWLWLRQ FRQWLQXRXV DFFXPXODWLRQ DQG FRQWLQXRXV
FRYHUDOODVSHFWVRIUHODWHGIXQFWLRQVZKLFKEDVLFDOO\PHHWV
WKHQHHGVRIV\VWHPIXQFWLRQYHULILFDWLRQ+RZHYHUZLWKWKH
WUDQVIRUPDWLRQDQGXSJUDGLQJRIWKH&7&IXQFWLRQLWVHOIWKH
WHVW PHWKRG RI WKH V\VWHP IXQFWLRQ ZLOO FRQWLQXH WR EH
LPSURYHG DQG LQQRYDWHG DQG LW ZLOO FRQWLQXH WR GHYHORS
WRZDUGVLQWHOOLJHQWDQGDXWRPDWHGWHVWLQJ
5()(5(1&(6
>@ :$1* 7RQJMXQ³6WXG\ RQ WKH 'HYHORSPHQW 6WUDWHJ\ RI &KLQD
,QWHOOLJHQW +LJK 6SHHG 5DLOZD\´&KLQD 5DLOZD\ YRO  SS

>@ =+$2 +RQJWDR;8 :HLDQG &+(1 )HQJ ³$XWRPDWLF $GMXVWPHQW
6\VWHP IRU 7UDLQ 2SHUDWLRQ 3ODQ RI +LJK6SHHG 5DLOZD\´5DLOZD\
7UDQVSRUWDQG(FRQRP\YROSS
>@ *$2 )HQJ*8, /HTLQDQG 621* 3HQJIHL ³$ 6WXG\ RQ WKH 7UDLQ
3ODQ 7UDQVPLVVLRQ 6FKHPH RI ,QWHOOLJHQW +LJK6SHHG 5DLOZD\ EDVHG
RQ$72´5DLOZD\7UDQVSRUWDQG(FRQRP\YROSS

107
Authorized licensed use limited to: UNIVERSIDADE DE SAO PAULO. Downloaded on August 06,2022 at 23:47:56 UTC from IEEE Xplore. Restrictions apply.
>@ :$1* -XQ:$1* -LDQJOL ³'HVLJQ RI 'LVDVWHU 3UHYHQWLRQ DQG
6DIHW\ 0RQLWRULQJ 6\VWHP IRU +LJK6SHHG 5DLOZD\´&KLQD 6DIHW\
6FLHQFH-RXUQDOYROSS
>@ 621* 3HQJIHL=+$2 +RQJWDRDQG :$1* 7DR ³6WXG\ RQ
,QWHOOLJHQW &HQWUDOL]HG 7UDIILF &RQWURO 6\VWHP RI 0XOWLV\VWHP 'DWD
)XVLRQ´5$,/:$<67$1'$5''(6,*1YROSS
>@ =+$26XLKDL621*3HQJIHLDQG/,1 +DLWRQJ³7KH'HVLJQDQG
,PSOHPHQWDWLRQRI,QWHJUDWHG6LPXODWLRQDQG7HVW3ODWIRUPIRU+LJK
6SHHG 5DLOZD\ &HQWUDOL]HG 7UDIILF &RQWURO´ 5$,/:$<
67$1'$5''(6,*1YROSS

108
Authorized licensed use limited to: UNIVERSIDADE DE SAO PAULO. Downloaded on August 06,2022 at 23:47:56 UTC from IEEE Xplore. Restrictions apply.