$'XDO3RODUL]HG&RPSDFW3DWFK$QWHQQDIRU

6XE*+]*%DVH6WDWLRQV
 
澤    
;LDRELQJ*DR /L=KDQJ <HMXQ+H /RQJ=KDQJ :HQWLQJ/L 6DL:DL:RQJ &KDR+VLDQJ/LDR 
 *XDQJGRQJ(QJLQHHULQJ5HVHDUFK&HQWHURI%DVH6WDWLRQ$QWHQQDVDQG3URSDJDWLRQ
6KHQ]KHQ.H\/DERUDWRU\RI$QWHQQDVDQG3URSDJDWLRQ
&ROOHJHRI(OHFWURQLFVDQG,QIRUPDWLRQ(QJLQHHULQJ6KHQ]KHQ8QLYHUVLW\6KHQ]KHQ&KLQD
2020 IEEE Asia-Pacific Microwave Conference (APMC 2020) | 978-1-7281-6962-0/20/$31.00 ©2020 IEEE | DOI: 10.1109/APMC47863.2020.9331429

'HSDUWPHQWRI(OHFWULFDO(QJLQHHULQJ/XQJKZD8QLYHUVLW\RI6FLHQFHDQG7HFKQRORJ\7DLZDQ


澤 
(PDLOKH\HMXQ#FRP SHWHU#JPDLOFRP 

Abstract²,Q WKLV SDSHU D QRYHO GXDOSRODUL]HG SDWFK RSHUDWLQJ IUHTXHQF\ EDQGV DQG VWDEOH UDGLDWLRQ SDWWHUQV DW
DQWHQQD ZLWK H[WUHPHO\ ORZSURILOH DQG FRPSDFW VWUXFWXUH LV ERWK +SODQH DQG 9SODQH ,Q DGGLWLRQ WKH DQWHQQD HOHPHQW
SURSRVHG IRU 6XE *+] * EDVH VWDWLRQ DSSOLFDWLRQV 7KH KDV JUHDW PHFKDQLFDOSURSHUWLHV LQFOXGLQJFRPSDFW VWUXFWXUH
SURSRVHG DQWHQQD DYRLGV XVLQJ WKH FRQYHQWLRQDO KLJKFRVW ȜîȜîȜZKHUHȜLVWKHIUHHVSDFHZDYHOHQJWK
PXOWLOD\HU 3&% WHFKQRORJ\ ZKLFK PDNHV LW D ORZFRVW GHVLJQ DW*+]ORZSURILOHKLJKUHOLDELOLW\JRRGVWDELOLW\OLJKW
ZLWKDVLPSOHFRQ¿JXUDWLRQ,W FRQVLVWV RI D UDGLDWLRQ SDWFK D ZHLJKW
FRXSOHGIHHGLQJVWUXFWXUHDQG DUHIOHFWRU7KHFRPSDFWVL]HRI &RPSDUHG ZLWK WKH RWKHU GHVLJQV WKH ELJJHVW DGYDQWDJH
WKH DQWHQQD FDQ EH DFKLHYHG E\ HWFKLQJ 7 VKDSH VORWV RQ WKH RI WKH DQWHQQD SURSRVHG LQ WKLV ZRUN LV WKH VPDOO VL]H DQG
UDGLDWLQJ SDWFK $ VTXDUHULQJ VKDSH IHHGLQJ VWUXFWXUH LV
VLPSOH VWUXFWXUH 7KH SHUIRUPDQFH RI WKH DQWHQQDV LQ
LQWURGXFHG WR FRXSOH WKH HQHUJ\ WR WKH SDWFK DFKLHYLQJ
SRODUL]DWLRQ RI “ ƒ DQG EURDGHQLQJ EDQGZLGWK $V D UHVXOW
UHIHUHQFHVLVFRPSDUHGZLWKWKHSURSRVHGDQWHQQDHOHPHQWLQ
WKHGXDOSRODUL]HG DQWHQQD FRXOG RSHUDWHIURP WR *+] 7DEOH,
ZLWKVWDEOHUDGLDWLRQSDWWHUQV0RUHRYHUDîDQWHQQDDUUD\
7$%/(, &203$5,6,212)5(/$7(':25.6
LVGHVLJQHGDQGVLPXODWLRQUHVXOWVVKRZWKDWWKHDQWHQQDDUUD\
FRXOGRSHUDWHIURP*+]ZLWK66OHVVWKDQG%
3RUW
KLJKSRUWLVRODWLRQDQGVWDEOHUDGLDWLRQSDWWHUQV7KHSURSRVHG 5HI
)UHT*+]  ,VRODWLRQ
(OHPHQW 6L]HPP 
DQWHQQD KDV KLJK SRWHQWLDO LQ WKH * PDVVLYH PXOWLSOHLQSXW G%
PXOWLSOHRXWSXW0,02DSSOLFDWLRQV
Index Terms²3DWFKDQWHQQD“e eSRODUL]DWLRQFRPSDFW >@  îî 
VWUXFWXUH ORZ SURILOH PDVVLYH PXOWLSOHLQSXW PXOWLSOHRXWSXW >@  îî 
0,02DSSOLFDWLRQ
 îî
>@ ,QFOXGHJURXQG 
, ,1752'8&7,21 6G%
SODQH
0DVVLYH0,02 WHFKQRORJ\ ZLWK *+]EDQG  7KLVZRUN  îî 
*+= FDQ VLPXOWDQHRXVO\ JXDUDQWHH VLJQDO FRYHUDJH DQG
FKDQQHOFDSDFLW\7KXV*+]EDQGZDVFKRVHQWREHWKH ,, $17(11$(/(0(17'(6,*1
ILUVW IUHTXHQF\ EDQG WR GHSOR\ * IRU PDMRU RSHUDWRUV
LQFOXGLQJ&KLQD7HOHFRPDQG&KLQD8QLFRP 7RPDNHEHWWHUGHVFULSWLRQZHGH¿QHWKH;2=SODQHDV
,Q DGGLWLRQ LQ PRGHUQ FRPPXQLFDWLRQ SRODUL]DWLRQ WKHKRUL]RQWDOSODQH+SODQHDQG<2=SODQHDVWKHYHUWLFDO
GLYHUVLW\ LV FRPPRQO\ XVHG LQ WKH GHVLJQ RI EDVH VWDWLRQ
DQWHQQDV WR UHGXFH WKH VLGH HIIHFWV RI PXOWLSDWK IDGLQJ DQG
LQFUHDVHWKHFKDQQHOFDSDFLW\
$V D FUXFLDO FRPSRQHQW LQ WKH PRGHUQ ZLUHOHVV
FRPPXQLFDWLRQ V\VWHP WKH EDVH VWDWLRQ DQWHQQD WKDW FDQ
RSHUDWHLQVXE*+]*EDQGZLGWKZLWKORZSURILOHVWDEOH
UDGLDWLRQSDWWHUQVDQGORZFURVVSRODUL]DWLRQOHYHOVKDVEHHQ
XUJHQW GHPDQGV ,Q UHFHQW \HDUV VRPH ZRUNV RQ GXDO
SRODUL]HG EDVH VWDWLRQ DQWHQQDV IRU * DSSOLFDWLRQV >@>@
KDYHEHHQFDUULHGRXW
,Q >@ ˈ D GXDO SRODUL]DWLRQ VXVSHQGHG SDWFK DQWHQQD
SODQH 9SODQH 7KH JHRPHWU\ RI WKH SURSRVHG DQWHQQD
HOHPHQW LV LOOXVWUDWHG LQ )LJ  7KH DQWHQQD FRQVLVWV RI D
PDLQ UDGLDWLRQ SDWFK D FRXSOHG IHHGLQJ VWUXFWXUH DQG D
UHIOHFWRU7KHUDGLDWLRQSDWFKLVDVTXDUHSDWFKRIVL]HPP
îPP ZLWKIRXUFRUQHUVFXWRIIDQGIRXU7VORWVHWFKHG
%\ HWFKLQJ WKH VORWV WKH WRWDO VL]H RI WKH UDGLDWLRQ SDWFK LV
UHGXFHGFRPSDUHG ZLWK FRQYHQWLRQDOVTXDUH SDWFKDQWHQQDV
7KHUDGLDWLRQSDWFKLVSULQWHGRQWKHWRSVLGHRIWKHVXEVWUDWH
ZLWKSHUPLWWLYLW\RIDQGORVVWDQJHQWRI
FRYHULQJ D EURDG EDQG RI  *+] _6_   G% LV
SURSRVHG7KHVL]HRIWKLVDQWHQQDLVȜîȜî
Ȝ Ȝ LV WKH IUHHVSDFH ZDYHOHQJWK DW  *+] ,Q WKLV
GHVLJQ WKH /VKDSHG SUREH LV XVHG WR IHHG WKH SDWFK DQG
YHUWLFDOPHWDOZDOOLVXVHGWRLQFUHDVHWKHSRUWLVRODWLRQ$Q
H[WUHPHO\ FRPSDFW*SDWFKDQWHQQDZKLFKLVFRPSRVHGRI
PDLQUDGLDWRUDQDQQXOXVDQGDUHÀHFWRULVSURSRVHGLQ>@
7KHDQWHQQDFRXOGRSHUDWHLQ*+]DQGKDVKLJKSRUW 
LVRODWLRQDVZHOODVJDLQZLWKFRPSDFWVL]HȜîȜî
D
ȜȜLVWKHIUHHVSDFHZDYHOHQJWKDW*+]
,QWKLVSDSHUDFRPSDFW“ƕGXDOSRODUL]HGEDVHVWDWLRQ
DQWHQQD RSHUDWLQJ LQ  *+] EDQGV LV SURSRVHG 7KH
GHVLJQHG DQWHQQD DUUD\ KDV JRRG HOHFWULFDO FKDUDFWHULVWLFV
LQFOXGLQJ 6 6   G% 6   G% DW WKH ZKROH

c
978-1-7281-6962-0/20/$31.00 2020 IEEE 752

Authorized licensed use limited to: University of Cape Town. Downloaded on May 18,2021 at 12:16:58 UTC from IEEE Xplore. Restrictions apply.
 
E


)LJ 6LPXODWHG6SDUDPHWHUVRIWKHSURSRVHGDQWHQQDHOHPHQW


F
)LJ D'YLHZRIWKHDQWHQQDHOHPHQWE7RSYLHZRIWKHDQWHQQD
HOHPHQW F )HHGLQJ VWUXFWXUH 'HWDLOHG DQWHQQD GHVLJQ SDUDPHWHUV
L PPL PP L PPL PPL PP 
W PPW PPW PPW PPW PP )LJ 6LPXODWHGJDLQVDQG+3%:RIWKHSURSRVHGDQWHQQDHOHPHQW
W PPH PPH PP
RI WKH WUDGLWLRQDO SDWFK DQWHQQD LV KLJKHU WKDQ WKH DQWHQQD
7KHIHHGLQJVWUXFWXUHLQ)LJFLVFRPSRVHGRIDVTXDUH
ULQJ VKDSH PLFURVWULS OLQHDQG DFURVV PLFURVWULS OLQH LQ WKH
PLGGOHRIWKHIRUPHU8VLQJWKLVVWUXFWXUHWKHEDQGZLGWKFDQ
EHH[WHQGHGHIIHFWLYHO\DQGWKHSRODUL]DWLRQRI“ƒFDQEH
DFKLHYHG7KHGLVWDQFHEHWZHHQWKHPLFURVWULSIHHGOLQHDQG
SURSRVHGZKLFKPHDQVWKDWWKHVL]HRIWKHWUDGLWLRQDOSDWFK
QHHGV WR EH IXUWKHU LQFUHDVHG LI WKH UHVRQDQFH IUHTXHQF\ RI
DURXQG  *+] LV UHTXLUHG 7KXV WKH 7VKDSH VORWV FDQ
HIIHFWLYHO\UHGXFHWKHVL]HRIWKHSDWFKDQWHQQD
)LJVKRZVWKH6SDUDPHWHUVRIWKHDQWHQQDHOHPHQW,W
WKHUHIOHFWRUHLVPP
,Q DGGLWLRQD VXEVWUDWH ZLWK SHUPLWWLYLW\ RI DQG ORVV
WDQJHQW RI  LV SODFHG DERYH WKH DQWHQQD HOHPHQW WR
VLPXODWHWKHRSHUDWLQJHQYLURQPHQWLQWKHUDGRPH
7KH DQWHQQD ZDV VLPXODWHG DQG RSWLPL]HG LQ $QVRIW
+)66 )LJ  VKRZV WKH FRPSDULVRQ RI WKH UHIOHFWLRQ
FRHIILFLHQW EHWZHHQ WKH WUDGLWLRQDO SDWFK DQWHQQD ZLWKRXW
VORWVDQGWKHSURSRVHGDQWHQQDHOHPHQW$VFDQEHVHHQIURP
)LJWKDWZLWKWKHVDPHSDWFKVL]HWKHUHVRQDQFHIUHTXHQF\
RSHUDWHVIURPWR*+]ZLWK66G%DQGWKH
LVRODWLRQEHWZHHQSRUWDQGSRUWLVOHVVWKDQG%6WDEOH
UDGLDWLRQSDWWHUQFDQDOVREHDWWDLQHG7KHJDLQRIWKHDQWHQQD
LVLQWKHUDQJHRIG%LDQGWKH+3%:LVLQWKHUDQJH
RIƒDVVKRZQLQ)LJ
,,, $17(11$$55$<
,Q WKLV VHFWLRQ D î OLQHDU DUUD\ LV GHVLJQHG IRU EDVH
VWDWLRQ DSSOLFDWLRQV $V VKRZQ LQ )LJ  WKH VL]H RI WKH
DQWHQQD DUUD\ LV  PPî PP DQG WKH VSDFLQJ EHWZHHQ
WKHHOHPHQWVLVPPDERXWȜ



)LJ [DQWHQQDDUUD\ZLWKIHHGLQJQHWZRUN
)LJ 6LPXODWHG 6 EHWZHHQ WUDGLWLRQDO SDWFK DQWHQQD DQG SURSRVHG
DQWHQQD $ SRZHU GLVWULEXWLRQ QHWZRUN LV LQWURGXFHG WR IHHG WKH
DQWHQQD DQG WKH SRZHU GLVWULEXWLRQ FDQ EH UHDOL]HG E\
FKDQJLQJ WKH ZLGWK RI WKH PLFURVWULS OLQH %\ FKDQJLQJ WKH
OHQJWK RI WKH PLFURVWULS OLQH WKH GRZQGWLOW RI WKH DQWHQQD
DUUD\FDQEHDGMXVWHG

2020 Asia-Pacific Microwave Conference (APMC2020) 753

Authorized licensed use limited to: University of Cape Town. Downloaded on May 18,2021 at 12:16:58 UTC from IEEE Xplore. Restrictions apply.
 
F



)LJ 6LPXODWHG +SODQH DQG 9SODQH UDGLDWLRQ SDWWHUQV RI WKH DUUD\
)LJ 6LPXODWHG6SDUDPHWHUVRIWKHSURSRVHGDQWHQQDDUUD\
ZKHQSRUWLVH[FLWHGD*+]E*+]F*+]

,9 &21&/86,21
,Q WKLV SDSHU D EURDG EDQG ORZ FRVW ORZ SURILOH GXDO
SRODUL]DWLRQ SDWFK DQWHQQD ZLWK D VLPSOH FRQILJXUDWLRQ LV
SURSRVHGIRUVXE*+]*EDVHVWDWLRQV7KH7VKDSHVORWV
DUH HWFKHG WR UHGXFH WKH VL]H RI WKH SDWFK $ QRYHO IHHGLQJ
VWUXFWXUH LV XVHG WR H[WHQG WKH EDQGZLGWK FRYHULQJ 
*+]DQGSURYLGH“ƒVODQWGXDOSRODUL]DWLRQIRUGLYHUVLW\
7KH DQWHQQD HOHPHQW FRXOG PHHW WKH LQGH[ RI EDVH VWDWLRQ
DQWHQQDZLWKVPDOOHUVL]HȜîȜîȜFRPSDUHG
ZLWKRWKHUGHVLJQV$îDUUD\LVWKHQSURSRVHGWRYDOLGDWH
WKH GHVLJQ 7KH DQWHQQD DUUD\ KDV D ZLGH RSHUDWLQJ
 EDQGZLGWKRI *+] KLJK LVRODWLRQ  G% VWDEOH
JDLQG%LWRG%LDQG+3%:RQWKH+SODQHƒWR
)LJ 6LPXODWHGJDLQDQG+3%:RIWKHSURSRVHGDQWHQQDDUUD\
7KH6SDUDPHWHUVIRUWKHDQWHQQDDUUD\DUHVKRZQLQ)LJ
 ,W VKRZV WKDW WKH SURSRVHG DQWHQQD DUUD\ FRXOG RSHUDWH
IURP*+]WR*+]EDQGZLWK66G%DQG
WKHJRRGSRUWLVRODWLRQG%FRXOGEHDWWDLQHG$VVKRZQ
LQ )LJ WKH VLPXODWHG JDLQDQG +3%:RYHU WKHRSHUDWLQJ
EDQGV DUH UDQJLQJ IURP  WR  G%L DQG ƒ WR ƒ
UHVSHFWLYHO\ 6WDEOH UDGLDWLRQ SDWWHUQV LQ  *+] FRXOG
DOVREHREWDLQHGDVVKRZQLQ)LJ
 Wireless Propag. LettYROQRSS-XO
ƒ 'XH WR WKHVH DGYDQWDJHV WKH SURSRVHG DQWHQQD LV D
SURPLVLQJFDQGLGDWHIRU*EDVHVWDWLRQDSSOLFDWLRQV
$&.12:/('*0(17
7KLVZRUNZDVVXSSRUWHGLQSDUWE\WKH1DWLRQDO1DWXUDO
6FLHQFH )RXQGDWLRQ RI &KLQD XQGHU *UDQWV  DQG
 LQ SDUW E\ WKH 0RELOLW\ 3URJUDP IRU 7DLZDQ
<RXQJ 6FLHQWLVWV XQGHU *UDQW 5:7: DQG LQ SDUW
E\ WKH 6KHQ]KHQ 6FLHQFH DQG 7HFKQRORJ\ 3URJUDP XQGHU
*UDQWV*-+=DQG-6**

5()(5(1&(6
>@ < /LX 6 :DQJ ; :DQJ DQG < -LD $ GLIIHUHQWLDOO\ IHG GXDO
SRODUL]HG VORW DQWHQQD ZLWK KLJK LVRODWLRQ DQG ORZ SURILOH IRU EDVH
VWDWLRQDSSOLFDWLRQ IEEE Antennas Wireless Propag. Lett YRO 
QRSS)HE
>@ 0&L\GHPDQG($0LUDQ'XDOSRODUL]DWLRQZLGHEDQG6XE*+]
VXVSHQGHG SDWFK DQWHQQD IRU * EDVH VWDWLRQ IEEE Antennas
D >@ + +XDQJ ; /L DQG < /LX $ ORZSURILOH GXDOSRODUL]HG SDWFK
DQWHQQD IRU*0,02 DSSOLFDWLRQIEEE Trans. Antennas Propag.
YROQRSS)HE
>@ / :HQ 6 *DR 4 /XR 4 <DQJ : +X DQG < <LQ $ ORZFRVW
GLIIHUHQWLDOO\GULYHQGXDOSRODUL]HGSDWFKDQWHQQDE\XVLQJRSHQORRS
UHVRQDWRUVIEEE Trans. Antennas Propag.YROQRSS
$SULO
>@ . ;XH ' <DQJ & *XR + =KDL + /L DQG < =HQJ $ GXDO
SRODUL]HG ILOWHULQJ EDVHVWDWLRQ DQWHQQD ZLWK FRPSDFW VL]H IRU *
DSSOLFDWLRQV IEEE Antennas Wireless Propag. Lett YROQR
SS$XJ
 >@ < /L = =KDR = 7DQJ DQG < <LQ 'LIIHUHQWLDOO\ IHG GXDOEDQG
GXDOSRODUL]HG ILOWHULQJ DQWHQQD ZLWK KLJK VHOHFWLYLW\ IRU * 6XE
E *+]EDVHVWDWLRQ DSSOLFDWLRQV IEEE Trans. Antennas Propag. YRO
QRSS$SU

754 2020 Asia-Pacific Microwave Conference (APMC2020)

Authorized licensed use limited to: University of Cape Town. Downloaded on May 18,2021 at 12:16:58 UTC from IEEE Xplore. Restrictions apply.