.~,.

L-2/T-2/EEE Date: 22/02/2018

. BANGLADESH UNIVERSITY OF ENGINEERING AND TECHNOLOGY, DHAKA

L-2/T -2 B. Sc. Engineering Examinations 2016-2017

Sub: EEE 205 (Energy Conversion II)

Full Marks: 210 Time: 3 Hours

USE SEPARATE SCRIPTS FOR EACH SECTION

SECTION-A

There are FOUR questions in this Section. Answer any THREE.

The questions are of equal value.

1. (a) Describe the constructional details of stator and rotor of high power non-salient and

salient pole synchronous generators. With diagrams of stator and rotor mention the

purposes of their different parts.

(b) Explain how from test the EA, RA and Xs are found out. Explain why the short circuit

characteristic of the synchronous generator is a straight line.

2. (a) Explain how synchronisation of an alternator to the bus-bars is carried out by using dark lamp
and bright lamp methods, and by phase sequence indicator and synchroscope.

(b) Two 3-phase 6.6 kW Y-connected alternators supply a load of 3000 kW at 0.8 power factor

lagging. The synchronous impedance per phase of machine A is (0.5 + j 10) n and of machine B
is (0.4 +j 12) n. The excitation of machine A is adjusted so that it delivers 150 A at a lagging
power factor and the governors are so set that load is shared equally between the machines.
Determine the current, power factor, induced e~m.f and load angle of each machine.

3. (a) Derive the phasor diagram of salient pole synchronous generator at lagging power factor
condition. Explain the terms Xd and Xq• Derive also the expression of power for a salient pole
synchronous generator neglecting the armature resistance. What is reluctance power?

(b) Explain the normal, under and over excitations of synchronous motor. With necessary phasor
diagram explain what V-curves are. What is hunting of synchronous motor? How hunting can be
damped?

4. (a) Using phasor diagram explain the effects of load change on synchronous motor. How proper.
direction of reactive power flow is maintained during load increasing?

(b) A 480 V, 50 Hz 4-pole synchronous motor draws 50 A from the line lit unity power factor and
full load. Assuming that the motor is lossless, answer the following questions:

(i) What is the output torque of this motor?

(ii) What must be done to change the power factor to 0.8 leading? Explain your

answer, using phasor diagrams.

Contd P/2
 =2=

EEE205
Contd ••• Q. No. 4(b)

(iii) What will be the magnitude of line current if the power factor is adjusted to 0.8
leading at full load.

(iv) If the motor is V-connected with synchronous reactance 1.1 Q per phase and

negligible armature resistance find the value of EA and load angle 8 at full load 0.8
leading power factor.

SECTION-B

There are FOUR questions in this Section. Answer any THREE.

The figures in the margin indicate full marks. All the symbols have their usual meaning.

5. (a) Answer the following to-the-point. (20)

(i) Why in a DC shunt motor speed adjustment below the rated one is not done using
field current control?

(ii) Why in a DC shunt motor speed adjustment above the rated one is not done using
armatm:e voltage control?

(iii) What will happen if a loss of field event occurs while a DC shunt motor is
running?

(iv) Why a series DC motor shaft should be firmly coupled with its load?

(b) A 10 hp 120 V DC shunt motor has a no load rpm of 1200. Its total armature

resistance is 0.06 ohms and total field circuit resistance is 60 ohms. (15)

(i) What will be the rpm if its line current at full load is 70 Amps?

(ii) Determine the rated output power, rotational loss, convertible power loss, copper
loss and efficiency.

6. (a) Explain with necessary figures cross-field and double revolving field theorems for the
operation of a single phase induction motor? (20)

(b) A single phase induction motor with split winding is designed to operate from 240
volts 50 Hz supply. Its main winding impedance is 2+j3.5 ohms and auxiliary winqing
impedance is 9.l5+j8.40 ohms. The proportionality constant for torque is 1 N-m/Amps2.
Determine the following in locked-rotor condition. (15)

(i) The locked rotor torque developed.

(ii) How much external resistance to be put in series with the auxiliary winding so
that two windings' currents have a phase difference of 30°?

(iii) The percentage change (increase or decrease) in the locked rotor torque with the
added resistance mentioned in (ii) above.

Contd P/3
 =3=

EEE 205
7. (a) Explain the major problems that occur in the commutation process in a DC machine? (15)

(b) Explain the remedies to the problems mentioned in (a) above. (12)

(c) A single loop armature DC machine shown in Fig. for Q. No. 7(c) has the following
parameters: B = 0.4 T, VB = 48 V, 1= 0.5m, r = 0.25 m, R = 0.4 n

Will it work as a generator or motor if its speed is 500 rad/sec? (8)

8. (a) What are the major difference between solar thermal and solar photovoltaic power

generation? (5)

(b) The Figure for Q. No. 8(b) shows the I-V and P-V characteristics (respectively solid
curve and dotted curve) of a solar cell. The solar cell has an area of 1 cm x 1cm and is
illuminated with a light intensity of 1000 W1m2. Determine using the Figure.

(i) fill factor (FF) of this solar cell. (4)

(ii) load resistance and efficiency when the cell operates at Maximum Power point. (6)

(iii) load resistance when the cell operates at 9% efficiency and at a voltage of 0.6 V. (5)

(c) Describe using block diagrams the applications of photovoltaic panels in a solar

electric vehicle and a solar hybrid electric vehicle. (15)

Fig. for Q. 7(c)

 ,/------------------~~--
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25 I , • I
I-V Characteristics
",1' ,'",
and P-V Characteristics
,.,' ,.,' I "
of a Solar Cell
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.
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Voltage in Volts

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Fig. for Q. 8(b)
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1
\
L-2/T-2/EEE Date: 25/0112017
BANGLADESH UNIVERSITY OF ENGINEERING AND TECHNOLOGY, DHAKA
L-2/T-2 B. Sc. Engineering Examinations 2015-2016

Sub: EEE 205 (Energy Conversion II)

Full Marks: 210 Time: 3 Hours

USE SEP ARA TE SCRIPTS FOR EACH SECTION
_____ .__ ._. __ __ ._. _. _M_ . . .. .

SECTION-A
There are FOUR questions in this section. Answer any THREE.
The questions are of equal value.

1. (a) Describe with necessary diagrams the brushless systems of excitation for
synchronous generator. Compare these systems from the viewpoint of their advantages
and disadvantages.
(b) A 100 kVA, 3000 V, 50 Hz, 3-phase, Y-connected synchronous generator has
effective per phase armature resistance of 0.2 Q. A field current of 40 A produces short
circuit current of 200 A and open-circuit e.m.f of 1040 V (line value). Calculate full-
load percentage regulation at a power factor of 0.8 lagging. How will the regulation be
affected if the generator delivers its full-load output at a power factor of 0.8 leading.

2. (a) Explain why the terminal voltage of a synchronous generator is different from the
internally generated voltage at loaded condition. Derive the equivalent circuit of a
synchronous generator. Draw the equivalent circuits when the armature windings are Y
and 11 connected.
(b) Using necessary House diagrams and phasor diagram explain the load sharing of a
synchronous generator working in parallel with infinite bus system. Explain also the
load sharing of two synchronous generators of comparable power working in parallel.

3. (a) With necessary ph asor diagram explain the effect of load changes on synchronous
motor. With the increase of load how the power factor of the motor changes? What is a
synchronous condenser? Draw its phasor diagram and explain how it operates.
(b) A synchronous machine has a synchronous reactance of 2.0 Q per phase and an
armature resistance of 0.4 Q per phase. IfEA = 460 L-8° V and VI.(>
= 480LO° V, is this
machine a motor or a generator? How much power p is this machine consuming from
or supplying to the electrical system? How much reactive power Q is this machine
consuming from or supplying to the electrical system?

4. (a) Explain how synchronous motor can be used for power factor correction of the
supply system. Explain the methods of starting of synchronous motor by changing
frequency and by using Amortisseur Windings.
(b) Explain the photo voltaic effect, which is used to produce voltage in a solar cell.
Derive the equivalent circuit of a solar cell. Derive the expression of open circuit
voltage of a solar cell. Explain how the voltage and current density of solar cell is
found at maximum power density condition.
Contd P12
 =2=

EEE 205

SECTION-B
There are FOUR questions in this section. Answer any THREE.
The figures in the margin indicate full marks.
All the symbols and notations have their usual meanings.

5. (a) What is commutation? What will happen if commutator is not used in a DC motor? (7)
(b) What is the L di/dt voltage problem of commutation? Briefly explain how this

problem can be solved? (13)

(c) What are the purposes of starter circuits used in a DC motor? Draw a DC motor
starter circuit using time-delay relays and describe its operation. What are the

limitations of this circuit? (15)

6. (a) Derive the terminal characteristic of a DC series motor. Explain with necessary
figure, why these types of motors are suitable for starting high-inertia loads. What will

happen, if the shaft of a DC series motor suddenly gets unloaded? (15)

(b) Explain the voltage build-up process in a DC shunt generator. (8)
(c) A family of magnetization curves (EA vs IF) of a DC shunt generator for various
prime mover speed is shown in Fig. for Q. 6(c). The machine has compensating
windings to offset the effect of armature reaction. When the prime mover speed is

1200 rpm, no-load terminal voltage is 150 V. The armature resistance is negligible. (12)
(i) Determine the field circuit resistance of the DC shunt generator.
(ii) If the prime mover speed increases to 1500 rpm, what will be the terminal
voltage?
(iii) If the prime mover speed Calmot exceed 1500 rpm, what will be the critical
resistance?
(iv) If the field circuit resistance CalIDot exceed 60 Q, what will be its critical
speed?

7. (a) A separately excited DC generator rated at 6 kW, 120 V, 50 A, and 1800 rlmin is
shown in the Fig. for Q. 7(a). The magnetization curve for the machine at 1800 r/min is

also given in Fig. for Q. 7(a). (15)

(i) If the armature current of the generator is 50 A, the speed of the generator is
1700 r/min. and the terminal voltage is 106 V, how much field current must
be flowing in the generator?
(ii) Assuming that the generator has an armature reaction at full load equivalent
to 400 Ampere-turns of magneto motive force, what will the terminal voltage
of the generator be when IF = 5 A, nm =, 1700 rlmin, IA = 50 A?
Contd P/3
 =3=

EEE205
Contd ... Q. NO.7

(b) What are the advantages and disadvantages of a PMDC motor over a DC shunt
motor? What are the desirable characteristics of the permanent magnets in PMDC

machines? (8)
(c) Derive the expression of internal generated voltage of a real DC machine: (12)

8. (a) Briefly describe the methods for controlling speed of a DC shunt motor. Also show

the change in torque-speed characteristics for each method. (17)

(b) A 240- V, 100-A shunt dc motor has following parameters: (18)
RA = 0.14 n, RF = 200 n, Radj = 0 to 300 n, currently set to 120 n, NF = 1500 turns,

nn = 1200 r/min.
The magnetization curve for the dc motor is given in Fig. for Q. 8(b)
(i) What is the no-load speed of this motor when Radj= 120 n?
(ii) What is its full-load speed?
(iii) Under no-load conditions, what range of possible speeds can be achieved by
adjusting Radj?
 -"1-
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Held cwrent, A
L-2/T-2/EEE Date: 20/07/2016
BANGLADESH UNIVERSITY OF ENGINEERING AND TECHNOLOGY, DHAKA
L-2/T-2 B. Sc. Engineering Examinations 2014-2015

Sub: EEE 205 (Energy Conversion II)

Full Marks: 210 Time: 3 Hours
USE SEP ARA TE SCRIPTS FOR EACH SECTION

SECTION-A
There are FOUR questions in this section. Answer any THREE.
The figures in the margin indicate full marks.
At the symbols and notations have their usual meanings.

1. (a) Briefly describe the problems with commutation in DC machines. (15)

(b) A-12 pole DC generator has a simplex wave wound armature containing 144 coils of
10 turns each. The resistance of each tum is 0.011 n. Its flux per pole is 0.05 Wh, and it
is turning at 200 rpm. (12)
(i) How many current paths are there in this machine?
(ii) What is the induced armature voltage?
(iii) If a 1 kn resistor is cOlmected to the terminals of this generator, what is the resulting
induced counter torque on the shaft of the machine?
(c) What are the different types of losses that occur in dc motor? Show them in a power
flow diagram. (8)

2. (a) A 15 hp, 120-V, 1800 rpm shunt dc motor has a full load armature current of 60 A
when operating at rated condition. The armature resistance of the motor, RA is 0.15 .0,
and the field resistance, RF is 80 n. The adjustable resistance in the field circuit Radj can
be varied from 0 to 200 .0 and now it is set to 90 n. Armature reaction can be ignored in
this machine. The magnetization curve for this motor, taken at a speed of 1800 rpm, is
given in tabular form below: (25)
EA(V) 5 153 180 215 221 242

IF (A) 0.00 0.82 1 1.28 1.35 2.88

(i) What is the motor speed at rated conditions specified above?

(ii) What is the output torque if output power is 7.5 hp at rated condition?
(iii) What are copper loss and rotational losses (ignore stray loss)?
(iv) What is the efficiency of the motor at full load?
(v) If the motor is unloaded with no change in tenninal voltage or Radj, then what is the
no load speed of the motor?
(vi) What range of no-load speed is possible of this motor, given the range of field
adjustments available with Radj'
(b) What are the limiting speeds of armature voltage and field control methods of a DC
shunt motor? Draw and explain briefly torque vs. speed and power vs. speed curves. (10)

Contd P/2
 =2=

EEE 205

3. (a) Briefly describe the problem of voltage build-up in a shunt DC generator and also
explain how these problems can be solved. (15)
(b) Draw the output characteristics of different types of DC generator. From that
characteristics indicate which type of dc generator has the highest voltage regulations. (10)
(c) The magnetization curve of a separately excited dc generator is given in Fig. for Q.
3(c). The generator is rated at 6 kW, 120 V, 50 A and 1800 rpm. Its rated field current is
5 A. Following data are known for the machine- (10)
RA = 0.18 .0, VF = 120 V, Radj = 0 to 30.0, RF = 24 .0, NF = 1000 tum per pole
(i) If the generator is operating at no load, what is the range of voltage adjustments that
can be achieved by changing Radj?
(ii) If the field rheostat is varied from 0 to 30 .0, and the generator's speed is varied from
1500 to 2000 rpm, what are the maximum and minimum no load voltages in the
generator?

4. (a) An automatic starter circuit is to be designed for a shunt dc motor rated at 15 hp, 240
V and 60 A. The armature resistance of the motor is 0.15 n. The shunt field resistance is
40 n. The motor is to start with no more than 250 percent of its rated armature current,
and as soon as the current falls to rated value, a starting resistor stage is to be cut out. (20)
(i) Determine how many stages of starting resistance is required?
(ii) Determine the value of each starting resistor segment.
2
(b) A solar cell under an illumination of 600 Wm- has a short circuit current Ise of

16.1 rnA and an open circuit voltage Voe of 0.485 V. What are short circuit current and

open circuit voltage when light intensity is halved? (15)

SECTION -B
There are FOUR questions in this section. Answer any THREE.
The questions are of equal value.

5. (a) Describe the constructional details of stator and rotor of a synchronous generator.
Compare the salient and non-salient pole synchronous generators.
(b) A 2300 V, 100 kVA, 0.8 power factor lagging, 50 Hz, 2-pole, Y-connected
synchronous generator has a synchronous reactance of 1.1 n and armature resistance of
0.15 n. Its friction and windage losses are 24 kW and its core losses are 18 kW. The field
circuit has a dc voltage of 200 V. The open circuit characteristic of this generator is given
below:
Field current, (J\) 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10
Open circuit 0 650 1300 1800 2200 2500 2690 2750 2850 2870 2900
terminal voltage,
(V)

Contd P/3
•

=3=

EEE 205
Contd ... Q. No. 5(b)

The field current of the generator is adjusted to achieve rated voltage of 2300 V at full-
load condition. Find (i) the efficiency of the generator at rated load, (ii) the voltage
regulation of the generator if it is loaded to rated kV A with 0.8 power factor lagging load,
(iii) the voltage regulation of the generator if it is loaded to rated kV A with 0.8 power
factor leading load.

6. (a) Explain how the synchronous generator model parameters are found from tests.
Explain why the short circuit characteristic of a synchronous generator is a straight line.
Using phasor diagrams explain the effects of load changes having different power factors
on a synchronous generator operating alone.
(b) Explain the procedure of paralleling a synchronous generator to the bus-bars by using
lamps. What is a phase-sequence indicator? How synchroscope can be used for
paralleling of synchronous generators? Explain the frequency-power and voltage-reactive
power characteristics of a generator set.

7. (a) Draw and explain the power flow diagram of a synchronous motor. Explain in detail
anyone of the starting methods of synchronous motor.
(b) A 480 V, 50 Hz, 400 hp, 0.8 power factor leading six pole, ~-connected synchronous

motor has a synchronous reactance of 1.0 n and negligible annature resistance. Ignore its
friction-windage and core losses. If this motor is initially supplying 400 hp at 0.8 power

factor lagging, what are the magnitudes and angles of internally generated voltage EA and

the arn1ature current IA? How much torque is this motor producing? What is the load

angle 8? If lEAlis increased by 15%, what is the new magnitude of the armature current?

8. (a) Describe the V-curves, compounding curves and inverted V-curves of synchronous
motor. Explain the terms under, over and nonnal excitations of synchronous motor.
(b) Explain why damper windings are required in synchronous motor and generator.
What is hunting of synchronous machines? What is a synchronous condenser? Draw its
phasor diagram and explain how it operates.

Contd P/4

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Ii

L-2/T -2/EEE Date: 01107/2015

BANGLADESH UNIVERSITY OF ENGINEERING AND TECHNOLOGY, DHAKA
L-2/T-2 B. Sc. Engineering Examinations 2013-2014

Sub: EEE 205 (Energy Conversion II)

Full Marks : 210 Time: 3 Hours
The figures in the margin indicate full marks.
All the Symbols and notations have their usual meanings.
USE SEP ARA TE SCRIPTS FOR EACH SECTION

SECTION -A
There are FOUR questions in this Section. Answer any THREE.

1. (a) Why commutators are used in DC;:machines? Illustratively show whether the number
of commutator segments has any effect on the average value of the output voltage of a

DC generator. (15)
(b) What are equalizers or equalizing bars? In which type of DC machine they are needed

and why? (10)

(c) In reference to armature reaction, discuss the problems that flux weakening causes in
both DC generators and motors. Which machine (motor or generator) is more vulnerable

tothis problem? (10)

2. (a) Name and describe the features of different types of DC generators. (10)
(b) What are the possible causes if a shunt generator is started and no voltage builds up?

How can this problem be remedied? (18)

(c) The following data refer to the OCC of a separately excited DC generator at 1000

rpm. (15)
I EaO!) I 5 140 175 100 124 145 162 178 188 195 200 205
I fAA) I 0.0 10.2 I 0.3 0.4 0.5 0.6 0.7 0.8 0.9 1.0 1.1 1.2

The machine is now connected as a shunt generator with a total field resistance of 200 n.
Estimate graphically: (i) the voltage to which the generator will build up at no load (ii)
the armature, field and load currents when the terminal voltage is found to be 150 V.
Neglect the effect of armature reaction and brush drop and assume armature resistance
RA to be 0.8 n.

3. (a) What happens in a shunt DC motor if its field circuit opens while it is running? How
can the speed of a shunt DC motor be controlled? Explain those methods in detail with

appropriate diagrams and keeping in mind the power and torque limits ofthe motor. (18)

(b) A 250 V series DC motor has compensating windings and a total series resistance

(RA +Rs) of 0.08 n. The series field consists of 25 turns per pole, with the magnetization

curve shown in the Fig. for Q. No. 3(b), find the speed and induced torque of this motor

for when its armature current is 50 A. (17)

I_.~

Contd" P/2
 =2=
EEE 205

4. (a) Draw the equivalent circui,t of a typical PV cell. Show the following effects on the I-V

characteristics of such a solar cell: (i) effect of resistances (ii) effect of temperature. (11)
(b) Why should people use r~newable energy? Draw the scheme of battery-backed solar

power-driven system for DC load. (12)

(c) A wind farm has 40 wind turbines each generating 0.5 MW for 50% of time. If the
I

annual average amount of elt;ctricity used by a consumer of the neighboring area is 10

MWHr, then determine (i) the 'number of consumers that the wind farm can supply power
to and (ii) the number of ~uch wind farms that cumulatively can generate power

equivalent to a 500 MW fossil fuel power station. (12)

SECTION-B
There are FOUR questions in this Section. Answer any THREE.

5. (a) Explain how the synchronous generator model parameters are found form tests.
I

Explain why the short circuit characteristics of a synchronous generator is a straight line. (15)
(b) A three-phase Y-connected synchronous generator is rated 120 MVA, 13.2 kV, 0.8
PF lagging, and 60 Hz. Its s)1l1chronous reactance is 0.9 .0, and its resistance may be

ignored. (20)
(i) What is its voltage regul~tion?
(ii) What would be the voltage and apparent power rating of this generator if it were
operated at 50 Hz with the ~ame armature and field losses as it had at 60 Hz?
(iii) What would be the voltage regulation ofthis generator at 50 Hz?

6. (a) What conditions are neces~ary for paralleling synchronous generator to an infinite

Bus? (10)
(b) Why must the oncoming penerator on a power system be paralleled at a higher

frequency than that of the running system? Explain using house diagram. (7)
(c) With appropriate house diagram explain the following- (18)
(i) How can the real power sharing between two generators be controlled without
I

affecting the system's frequency?

(ii) How can the reactive poWer sharing between two generators be controlled without
I

affecting the system's termiri.al voltage?

7. (a) What are the starting prob~ems of a synchronous motor? Explain the methods of
starting synchronous motors (i) by changing the frequency of supply and (ii) by using

Amortisseur windings. (17)

Contd P/3
 •

• =3=
EEE 205
Contd ... Q. No.7

(b) A 480 V, 375-kVA, 0.8I PF-Iagging,' Y connected synchronous generator has a

synchronous reactance of 0.4 n and a negligible armature resistance. This generator is
supplying power to a 480 V,,80-kW, 0.8 PF -leading, Y-connected synchronous motor
with a synchronous reactance of 1.1 n and a negligible armature resistance. The
synchronous generator is adj~sted to have a terminal voltage of 480 V when the motor is

drawing the rated power at unity power factor. (18)

(i) Calculate the magnitude and angles of EA for both machines.
(ii) If the flux of the mot?r is increased by 10 percent, what happens to the terminal
voltage of the power syste,m? What is its new value?
(iii) What is the power fa9tor of the motor after the increase in motor flux?

8. (a) Is a synchronous motor's: field circuit is more vulnerable to overheating when it is

operating at a leading or at a lagging power factor? Explain using phasor diagram. (13)
(b) A synchronous motor is operating at a fixed real load and its field current is increased.
If the armature current falls, Was the motor initially operating at a lagging or a leading

power factor? Explain using phasor diagram. (10)

(c) When a synchronous ytlotor would be used even though its constant speed

characteristics were not neede4? Explain briefly. (12)

300

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1000 3000 4000 SOOO 6000 7000 8000 9000 10.000
Field magnelomolive fecce go. A . lurns

Fig. for Q. No. 3(b)

L-2/T-2/EEE Date: 08/12/2014
BANGLADESH ,VNlVERSl~Y OF ENGINEERING AND TECHNOLOGY, DHAKA
L-2/T-2 B. Sc. Engineering Examinations 2012-2013

Sub: EEE 205 (Energy Conversion II)

Full Marks: 210 Time: 3 Hours
USE SEPARATE SCRIPTS FOR EACH SECTION
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SECTION-A
There are FOUR questions in this Section. Answer any THREE.
The questions are of equal value.

1. (a) Draw the equivalent circuit of a cumulatively compounded DC generator and also
draw its terminal characteristics with different number of series field turns. Also identify

each curve by its technical mime.

(b) A DC shunt
.
generator with an armature resistance of 0.5 Q has . the following data for
its open circuit characteristic curve at 1800 rpm. Draw the OCC curve.
.1.0 2.0 3.0 4.0 5.0 6.0 7.0
Ea volt 100 200 300 370 410 440 460
lfthe total field resistance is 90 Q:
(i) What is the generator's no load terminal voltage?
(li) What would be the no load terminal voltage if the rotational speed were 1600 rpm?
(iii) Find the critical resistance.
(iv) What is the terminal voltage of the generator with an armature current of 50 Amp.

(neglect armature reaction)?

2. (a) (i) What is acid rain? Does a wind turbine generator contribute towards acid rain?
Draw a typical wind speed-power curve of a wind turbine generator and indicate its key

features on the graph.

(ii) Draw current-voltage characteristics of a typical silicon PV cell under standard test
conditions. Is it possible to estimate the maximum power from this curve? If so, indicate

the point on the graph.

(b) A WTG of 225 watt rated power output is. operating at an annual capacity factor of
0.025. Its capital cost is 50,000 $. The required annual rate of return is 10% and the
investment is to be recovered in 10 years. Calculate the cost of electricity generation by
this WTO if the factor representing the annual operating cost is K = 0,025.

Given: 1 year = 8760 hours.

3. (a) Draw the terminal characteristic curves for (i) separately excited (ii) shunt DC
generators ignoring armature reaction. What is difference between these two curves and

why?
(b) Draw the terminal characteristic curves of a DC shunt motor with and without
considering the armature reaction. Illustrate the characteristic with armature reaction with
appropriate numerical example.
Contd P/2
 =2=

EEE 205 1,'-

4. (a) Draw the DC motor staring circuit using time delay relays. What is the function of the
relay contact in parallel with 'start' pushbutton switch?
(b) A DC shunt motor with an armature resistance of 0:06 Q and a flux of 0.05 Wb. per
pole is rotating at a speed of 1200 rpm with a supply voltage of230 Volts when it.draws
,
an armature current of 100 Amp. Determine the value of the additional resistance in the
armature circuit which will be required to reduce the speed at 1000 rpm with all other
conditions remaining same.

SECTION -B
There are FOUR questions in this Section. Answer any THREE.
All the symbols and notations used in this part have their 'usual meanings.

6. (a) Suppose that you were an engineer planning a new electric cogeneration facility for a
plant with excess process stream. You have a choice of either two 10-MW turbine-
generators or a single 20-MW turbine-generator. What would be the advantages and

disadvantages of each choice? (8)

(b) How can the real power sharing between two generators be controlled without
affecting the system's frequency? How can the reactive power sharing between two

generators be controlled without affecting the system's terminal voltage? (10)

Contd P/3
 =3=

EEE 205
Contd ... Q. No.6

(c) A paper mill has installed three steam generators (boilers) to provide process steam
and also to use some its waste products as an energy source. Since there is extra capacity,
the mill has installed three 5-MW turbine generators to take advantage of the situation.
Each generator is a 4160- V, 6250-kV A, 0.85-PF-Iagging, 2-pole, Y-connected
synchronous generator with a synchronous reactance of 0.75 Q and an armature

resistance of 0.04 Q. _ (17)

Generators I and 2 have a characteristic power-frequency slope sp of 2.5 MW/Hz, and

generators 2 and 3 have a slope of3 MW/Hz.

(i) If th~ no-load frequency of each of the three generators is adjusted to 51 Hz,. how
much power will the three machines be supplying when actual system frequency is 50

Hz?
(ii) What would the internal generated voltages of the three generators be under this

condition?

7. (a) Show the effect of load changes on a synchronous generator operating alone. What

will happen to the same generator if field excitation changes? (10)

(b) Describe the general procedure for paralleling generators. Can the same procedure be

followed to parallel a generator with a large power system? (10)

(c) What are the basic approaches that can safely be used to start a synchronous motor?
Show the development of a unidirectional torque in synchronous motor with amortisseur

windings. (15)

8. (a) When would a synchronous motor be used even though its constant-speed
characteristic was not needed? Explain, using phasor diagrams, what happens to a
synchronous motor as its field current is varied. Derive a synchronous motor V curve

from the phasor diagram. (10)

(b) Draw the torque versus torque-angle curve for a salient-pole synchronous motor. Note
the component of torque due to rotor reluctance. Is this motor more stable in comparison

with a non-salient pole motor of same capacity? (10)

(c) A 208-V, V-connected synchronous motor is drawing 40 A at unity power factor. The
field current flowing under these conditions is 2.7 A. Its synchronous reactance is 0.8 Q.

Assume a linear open-circuit characteristic. (15)

(i) Find the torque angle.
(ii) How much field current would be required to make the motor operate at 0.8 PF

leading?
(iii) What is the new torque angle in (ii)?

•
 ------

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Field current, A

Fig. for Q. No. 51£1

.,'
L-2/T-2/EEE Date: 06/07fUJ 3
BANGLADESH UNIVERSITY OF ENGINEERING AND TECHNOLOGY, DHAKA
L-2fT-2 B. Sc. Engineering Examinations 2011-2012
Sub: EEE 205 (Energy Conversion-II)
Full Marks: 210 Time: 3 Hours
USE SEPARATE SCRIPTS FOR EACH SECTION

SECTION-A
There are FOUR questions in this section. Answer any THREE.
The questions are of equal value.

1. (a) Considering the effects of coil pitch and distribution of windings develop an
expression of induced voltage in an alternator. What are the similarities of this
expression with that of the induced voltage in a DC generator?
(b) An Y-connected, three phase, 50 Hz alternator has single layer winding with four
turns per coil. The alternator has 60 slots, 2-pole distributed winding and the flux per
pole is 30 mWB. Calculate Kp, KD and VL-L considering coil to pole pitch ratio as 80%.

2. (a) What are the reasons and conditions of parallel operation of alternators? If the
frequency of the oncoming generator' is not same what is the solution? Why the
frequency ofthe oncoming generator is kept little higher during synchronization?
(b) A 480 V, 100 kW, 2-pole, three phase, 50 Hz alternator's prime mover has ang-Ioad
speed of 3630 rpm and a full-load speed of 3570 rpm. It is operating in parallel wi,tp a
480 V, 75 kW,4-poles, 50 Hz alternator whose prime mover has a no-Ioadispeed of
1800 rpm and a full-load of'1785 rpm. The loads supplied by these two alternators
consist of 100 kW at 0.85 p.f. (lagging).
(i) Calculate the speed droop of each alternator.
(ii) Find the operating frequency of the power system.
(iii) Find the p~wyr supplied by each alternator.

3. (a) Show the power 'flow diagram of a synchronous generator with different losses.
Also, develop an expression for Pmax.
(b) For a simple two pole synchronous generator peak flux density ofthe rotor magnetic
field, is 0.2 T and the mechanical speed of rotation of the shaft is 3600 rpm. The stator
diameter is 0.5 m and its coil length is 0.3 m with four turns per coil. If the machine is
Y-connected, calculate'
(i) Three phase voltage produced as a function of time.
(ii) The rms terminal voltage.

4. (a) (i) Draw the torque-speed characteristic ofa synchronous motor.

(ii) What is its speed regulation?
(iii) What is sliping pole?
(iv) Write the expression of maximum torque.
(v) How can the maximum torque be increased?
(b) A 480 V, 400 hp, 60 Hz, 0.8 p.f. leading, eight pole, ~-connected synchronous motor
has a synchronous' reactance of 1.0 n, and negligible armature resistance. Ignore
friction, windage and core losses.
(i) If this motor supplies 400 hp at 0.85 p.f. (lagging) how much torque is this
motor producing? Express this torque in term of the motor maximum torque.
(ii) If lEAlis increased by 10%, what is the new armature current and power factor?
Contd P/2
 .,,'.:.', =2=
EEE 205

SECTION-B
There are FOUR questions in this Section. Answer any THREE..
The figures in the margin indicate full marks.

5. (a) Explain with neat sketches how a dc voltage is obtained out of a simple rotating loop
between curved pole faces. _ (15)
(b) Derive the expression for the internal generated voltage of a real dc machine. (10)
(c) Draw the power flow diagram of a dc generator and very briefly describe, the various
losses incurred in such a machine. (10)

6. (a) Explain with necessary equations what happens when the speed of a shunt dc motor
is controlled by changing the armature voltage. Also show its effect on the' motor's
torque-speed characteristic curve.' (20)
(b) Consider a separately excited dc motor with a fixed field voltage of 240 V and an
armature voltage that can be varied from 120 to 240 V. Its field resistance is 100 nand
armature resistance is 0.4 n. The range of Radj is 100 to 400 n. For this motor determine
the maximum and minimum
.
no-load speed attainable by varying both V A and
.
Radjo The
magnetization curve for this motor is given in Fig. 6(b). (15)

7. (a) Why is a starting resistor inserted in series with the armature ina dc machine? Draw
a dc motor starting circuit using time delay relays to cut out the starting res,istor. (12)
(b) Draw the terminal characteristic of a cumulatively compounded dc generator.
Explain the effectofnumb~r of series turns in such characteristic. (13)
(c) A 60 hp, 300 V, 1500 r/min shunt dc motor has a rated armature current of 170 A
and a rated field.current of 5 A. When its rotor is blocked, an armature voltage of 12 V
(exclusive of brushes) produces 170 A of current flow, and a field voltage of 300 V
produces a field current flow of 5 A. The brush voltage drop is assumed to' be 1 V. At no
load with the terminal voltage equal to 250 V, the armature current is equal t6 14 A, the
field current is 4.9 A, and the motor's speed is 1450 r/min. Assume the stray losses to be
1.5 percent of the input power. (10)
(i) How much power is output from this motor at rated conditions?
(ii) What is the motor's efficiency?

8; (a) Draw the power and torque limits as a function of speed for a shunt dc motor under
armature voltage and field resistance control. (5)
(b) How is the total energy produced by a wind turbine
. .
calculated from the wind speed-
power curve and the wind speed frequency distribution curve? (10)
(c) Briefly describe the positive and negative environmental impacts of wind turbines. (12)
3 l
(d) Consider a place where air density is 1.23 kgm- and wind speed is 12 ms- .' If a
wind-turbine is constructed in that place (with blade length 52 m), what wiil be the 'total
power converted from the wind into rotational energy in the turbine? Given that power
coefficient is 0.4. (8)
 Speed. 1200r/mln

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L-2/T-2/EEE Date: 18/12/2012
BANGLADESH UNIVERSITY OF ENGINEERING AND TECHNOLOGY, DHAKA
L-2/T-2 B. Sc. Engineering Examinations 2010-2011
Sub: EEE 205 (Energy Conversion - II)
Full Marks: 210 Time: 3 Hours
USE SEPARATE SCRIPTS FOR EACH SECTION

SECTION-A
There are FOUR questions in this Section. Answer any THREE.
The questions are of equal value.

1. (a) Describe with. necessary diagrams the brushless systems .of excitation of a
synchronous generator. Compare these systems from the viewpoint qf their advantages
and disadvantages.
(b) A 2300 V, 1000 KVA, 0:8 pf lagging, 50 Hz, t'Y0-pole, V-connected synchronous
generator has a synchronous reactance of 1.1 n and armature resistance of 0.15 n.Its
friction and windage losses are 24 kW and its core losses are 18 kW. The field circuit
has a dc voltage of 200 V. The open circuit chara«teristic of this generator is given
below:
Field 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10
current, A
Open circuit 0 650 1300 1800 2200 2500 2690 2750 2850 2870 2900
terminal
voltage, V
.

Assume that the field cutrent of the generator is adjusted to achieve rated voltage of
2300 V at full-load condition. Find (i) the efficiency of the generator at rated load,
(ii) the voltage regulation of the generator if it is loaded to rated KVA with 0.8 pf
lagging load, (iii) the voltage regulation of the generator if it is load~d to rated KVA
with 0.8 pfleading load.

2. (a) Explain how the synchronous generator model parameters are found from tests.
Explain why the short-circuit characteristic of a synchronous generator is a straight line.
Using phasor diagrams explain the effects of load changes having different power
factors ona synchronous generator operating alone.
(b) Explain the procedure of paralleling of synchronous generator to the bus-bars by
using lamps. What is a phase sequence indicator? How synchroscope can be used for
paralleling of generators? Explain the Frequency-Power and Voltage-Reactive Power
characteristics of a generator set.

3. (a) Explain how synchronous motor can be used for power factor correction of the.
supply system. Explain the methods of starting of synchronous motor by changing
frequency and by using Amortisseur windings.
Contd P/2
 =2=

EEE 205
Contd no Q. No.3

(b) A Y-connected synchronous machine has a synchronous reactance of 2.0 n per

phase and armature resistance of 0.4 n per phase. If the line to line values of internal.
e.m.f. and terminal voltage are EA = 460L-S.V and Vr == 4SOLO. V, is this machine a
motor. or a generator? How much power (P) this machine .is consuming from or
supplying to the electrical system? How much reactive power (Q) is this machine
,consuming from or supplying to the electrical system?

4. (a) What are the V-curves of synchronous motor? Draw these curves and explain their
shapes~ Explain the terms over and under excitation of. synchronous motor. By using
phasor diagram explain the effects of load changes on a synchronous motor.
(b) Explain the photovoltaic effect in a semiconductor p-njunction.Write the expression
of current density in junction in termS of its components. Derive the expressions of
open-circuit voltage, voltage and current density of solar cell at maximum power
density. Draw and explain the equivalent circuit of solar cell. What is fill factor?

SECTION-B
There are FOUR questions in this Section. Answer any T~REE.
The figures in the margin indicate full marks.

5: (a) Explain with neat sketches what happens to magnetic neutral axis of a dc motor due
to armature reaction. (15)
(b) Explain with neat sketches how compensating winding solves the problem of shifting
of magnetic neutral axis. What are the disadvantages of using compensating windings? (10)
(c) An eight-pole, 25-kW, 120-V dc generator has a duplex lap-would armature which
has 64 coils with 16 turns per coil. Its rated speed is 2400 r/min. (10)
" .
(i) How much flux per pole is required. to produce the rated voltage in this
generator at no load conditions?
(ii) What is the current per path in the armature of this generator at the rated load?
(iii) What is the induced torque in this machine at the rated load?
(iv) How many brushes must this motor have? How wide must each one be?
(v) If the resistance of this winding is 0.011 n per turn, what is the armature
resistance RA of this machine?

6. (a) Describe the operation of a de motor starting circuit using rising time delay relays to
cut out the starting resistor. (13)
(b) A 100-hp, 250-V, 350-A shunt dc motor has an armature resistance of 0.05 n. It is
desired to design a starter circuit for this motor which will limit the maximum starting
current to twice its rated value and which will switch out sections of resistance as the

armature current falls to its rated value. (12)

eontd P/3
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EEE205
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.11
Contd ... Q. No. 6(bj
11
:~
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1. (i) How many stages of starling resistance will be required to limit the current to
'.¥

the range specified?

(ii) What must the value of each segment of the resistor be? At what voltage
should each stage of the starting resistance be cut out? 1
(c) Describe the effect of an open field circuit in.a shunt dc motor. ( 0)

1. (a) Descrihe the terminal characteristic of a shunt dc motor. (10)

(b) Explain with necessary equations what happens when the speed of a shunt dc motor
(18)
is controlled by changing the field resistance.
(c) Compare the torque-speed characteristic of .cumulatively compounded dc motor to.
(7)
those of series and shunt motors with the same full load rating.

. 8. (a) Explain with necessary figures how voltage builds up in a shunt de generator. (10)
(b) Describe different types of wind turbine briefly. Show the typical wind speed-power
curve of a wind turbine. Show the typical power density-duration curve of a wind
(10)
turbine.
(c) A 15-hp. 230- V. 1800 r/min shunt dc motor has a full-load armature current of 60 A
when operating at rated conditions. The armature resistance of the motor is RA = 0.15 n
and the field resistance RF = 80 Q. The adjustable resistance in the field circuit Radj may
be varied over the range from 0 to 200 n and is currently set to 90 n. Armature reaction
may he ignored in this machine. The magnetization curve for this motor taken at a speed
(15)
of 1800 r/min. is given in tabular form below:

EA, V 8.5 150 180 215 226 - 242

1.00 1.28 1.44 2.88
IF, A 0.00 0.80

(i) .What is the speed of this motor when it is running at the rated conditions

specified above?
(ii) The outjlut power from the motor is 7.5 hp at rated conditions. What is the

output torque of the motor?

(iii) What are the copper losses and rotational losses in the motor at full load

(ignore stray losses)?

(iv) What is the efficiency of the motor at full load?
3.
(v) If the motor is noW unloaded with no changes in terminal voltage or R.dj.

What is the no load speed of the motor?

-- -- .---- -- -- --- -- ----- - ----'._-----