DAY - 1

Ch-8
Ch-8
Body Movement
 Learning Objectives

 Students will be able to :

1.) Understand the term movement, locomotion and

joints.
2.) Understand different types of joints:
 Movable
 Immovable
3.) Classify various joints as movable and
immovable.
Movements and joints
• Movements: A change in the position of any part of the body with respect to
its axis is called movement.
• Locomotion: The movement of the whole body of an organism from one place
to another is called locomotion..
• Joints: The location where two or more bones meet or join, is called a joint.
IMPORTANCE OF LOCOMOTION IN
ANIMALS
Locomotion helps animals in several ways. It helps
them to:
 Find their food and water
 Protect
themselves from their enemies and
predators
 Move from an unfavorable environment to a
favorable environment.
 Types of joints

Fixed Movable
Joints Joints
The joints where no Movement of bones is possible in
movement of bones these joints. There are two types
is possible are called of movable joints:
fixed joint. ➢ Freely movable joints

➢ Partially movable
joints
Different types of freely movable joints
BALL AND SOCKET JOINT:
• In this joint the rounded end of one bone fits
into the cavity (hollow space) of another
bone.
• It permits movement in all directions.
• E.g.: Joint between shoulder and upper arm,
joint between hip and thigh.

PIVOT JOINT:
• This type of joint allows movements in many
planes, up and down, side to side
movements.
• The joint between the skull and the vertebral
column is an example of pivot joint.
Different types of freely movable joints
HINGE JOINT:
• This joint is similar to the
hinges in a door.
• This joint allows
movement only in one
plane and only up to 180
degrees.
• E.g. Knee and elbow
joints, joints in fingers
and toes
GLIDING JOINTS:
• The movement in this joint
happens due to sliding of
bones over one another.
• E.g. wrist joints, ankle joint.
Partially movable joint
PARTIALLY MOVABLE
JOINT:
• These joints allow very
little movement.

• E.g. joints present

between adjacent
vertebrae in the
backbone allow only
slight movements.

• This kind of joint provides

more support.
Bone and Cartilage
Bones: These are the hard white structures below our skin that protect our
internal organs. Bones are incapable of bending.
Cartilage is a soft connective tissue, and is found between joints and in
some elastic organs; like ear lobe and nose.
Ligaments bind a bone to another bone.

Tendons bind a bone to a muscle.

Assignment
Q1.) Fill in the blanks:
(a) Joints of the bones help in the ____________of the body.
(b) Cartilage joins ____________ and tendon joins _______ in the body.
(c) The bones at the elbow are joined by a ___________________ joint.

Q2.) Indicate true (T) and false (F) among the following sentences.
(a) The cartilages are harder than bones.
(b) The finger bones do not have joints.
(c) Backbone has partially movable joints.

Q3.) Answer the following:

(a) What is a ball and socket joint?
(b) Which of the skull bones are movable?
(c) Why can our elbow not move backwards?
(d) How can we get photograph of a bone? What is the use of such
photographs?
Assignment
Q3. Which of the following joints is immovable?
(a) Shoulder and arm
(b) Knee and joint
(c) Upper jaw and skull
(d) Lower jaw and upper jaw

Q4. Name the type of joint of your hand which help you to grasp a
badminton racquet.

Q5. What would have happened if our backbone was made of one single
bone?
Assignment
Q1.) Fill in the blanks:
(a) Joints of the bones help in the ____________of the body.
(b) A combination of bones and cartilages forms the ____________ of the
body.
(c) The bones at the elbow are joined by a ______________________ joint.

Q2.) Indicate true (T) and false (F) among the following sentences.
(a) The cartilages are harder than bones.
(b) The finger bones do not have joints.
(c) The fore arm has two bones.

Q3.) Answer the following:

(a) What is a ball and socket joint?
(b) Which of the skull bones are movable?
(c) Why can our elbow not move backwards?
(d) How can we get photograph of a bone? What is the use of such
photographs?