JOINTS & THEIR

MOVEMENTS
We Know that the human skeleton consist of
more than 206 bones. The individual bones are
attached in such a way that a large variety of
coordinated movements are made in different
parts of body.
 JOINT
THE SITE OR PLACE WHERE TWO
OR MORE BONES OF THE
SKELETON ARE ATTACHED TO
EACH OTHER IS CALLED A JOINT
OR PLACE OF ARTICULATION.
 TYPES OF JOINTS
JOINTS CAN BE CLASSIFIED ACCORDING TO
THE STRUCTURE AND MOVEMENTS.
 Fibrous or Synarthroses
These joints are firmly held together by a thin layer of
strong fibrous connective tissue. There is no movement
between the bones Eg. Sutures of skull and teeth in
their sockets.
 Cartilaginous or
Amphiarthroses
Cartilaginous joints are connected entirely by cartilage and
ligaments. Allow a limited degree of movements. Eg.
Vertibrae, sacrum and hip bone.
Synovial or Diarthrosis
These are freely movable joints, and have large range
of movements. Most of the joints in the body are
synovial type.
→The ends of the bones are covered by a layer of
smooth hyaline cartilage.
→Capsular ligament holds the joint together and helps
to contain the synovial fluid.
→Synovial fluid contains hyaulornic acid that lubricates
the joint.
①Ball and socket joints.
②Hinge joints.
③Gliding joints.
④Pivot joints.
⑤Saddle joints.
⑥Compound joints.

Subdivided of Synovial joints

 Ball and socket joints
These joints are formed where the rounded head of one
bone fits into the hollow, cup shaped socket of another
bone. Such joints allow freedom of wide range of
movements in all directions. Eg. Shoulder joint and Hip
joint
 Hinge joints
These joints occure where the convex surface of one
bone fits into the concave surface of another bone ,so
movement possible in one plane only. Eg. Elbow joint ,
knee joint and phalanges.
 Glinding joints
This type of joint allows for gliding movements between
flat surfaces as the surfaces slide over one another. Eg.
Ankle and wrist joints.
 Pivot joints
These joints provide rotating
movements. Such as movement of
head from side to side.
 Compound joints
These joints are made up of several joints between a
numbers of different bones. Eg. Knee joint or first and
second cervical vertibrae.
 Saddle joints
This type of joints occure where the toching surfaces of
two bones have both concave and convex shapes of the
two bones and allowing the wide range of movement
Eg. Thumb joint.
 Thanks
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Pres w a h a
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