Evan Chen ( )

GOLDEN RATIO ASSOCIATION OF MATHEMATICS

Problems On Olympiad Geometry

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GRAM (March,2021) Problems on Olympiad Geometry

Acknowledgements
This problem set has been made for all people who have a keen interest in Olympiad
Geometry and also for those who find geometry particularly difficult so that they can
have a nice practice which may sharpen your skills. We thank Debayu, Prithuj and
Aayush for making this problem set possible, Prithuj and Aayush who helped in LATEX
and Debayu for the problem selection. We also thank the Art of Problem Solving website
which worked as a source of problems for us. We thank Evan Chen too for his LATEX sty
file.

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GRAM (March,2021) Problems on Olympiad Geometry

Introduction
Hello Everyone! Geometry seems to be one of the most disliked Olympiad Topics often
because it is hard. Here we present a concise problem set divided in 3 levels. For the
first part one needs to have the knowledge of basic stuff like Similarity, Power of a Point,
Cyclic Quadrilaterals, even a little bit of Trigonometry might help! Advanced Olympiad
lemmas may also be useful. For the second part one may need a few advanced lemmas
and special configurations but most of them can be done by basic geometry. Bashing
is not very welcomed but may help. The last section consists of really hard and fun
Olympiad geometry problems which will test your geometry knowledge and it may be
really really difficult to find a synthetic solution. Thank you so much! If you have any
queries or if you want to bring an error into the light, contact @cristiano san 7#5204 on
Discord.

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 Problems on Olympiad Geometry
GRAMOLY
March 2021

§1 AMC-AIME LEVEL PROBLEMS

Problem 1.1 (AMC 12B 2017). The diameter AB of a circle of radius 2 is extended to a
point D outside the circle so that BD = 3. Point E is chosen so that ED = 5 and line ED
is perpendicular to line AD. Segment AE intersects the circle at a point C between A
and E. What is the area of 4 ABC?

Problem 1.2 (AMC 12A 2016). Circles with centers P, Q and R, having radii 1, 2 and 3,
respectively, lie on the same side of line l and are tangent to l at P0 , Q0 and R0 , respectively,
with Q0 between P0 and R0 . The circle with center Q is externally tangent to each of the
other two circles. What is the area of 4 PQR?

Problem 1.3 (AMC 12B 2017). Quadrilateral ABCD has right angles at B and C, 4 ABC ∼
4 BCD, and AB > BC. There is a point E in the interior of ABCD such that 4 ABC ∼
AB
4CEB and the area of 4 AED is 17 times the area of 4CEB. What is ?
BC
Problem 1.4 (PRMO 2018). Let ∆ABC be an acute-angled triangle and let H be its
orthocentre. Let G1 , G2 and G3 be the centroids of the triangles ∆HBC, ∆HCA and
∆H AB respectively. If the area of 4 G1 G2 G3 is 7 units, what is the area of 4 ABC?

Problem 1.5 (PRMO 2019 Paper 1). Let ABC be a triangle and let Ω be its circumcircle.
The internal bisectors of angles A, B and C intersect Ω at A1 , B1 and C1 , respectively,
and the internal bisectors of angles A1 , B1 and C1 of the triangles A1 A2 A3 intersect Ω at
A2 , B2 and C2 , respectively. If the smallest angle of the triangle ABC is 40◦ , what is the
magnitude of the smallest angle of the triangle A2 B2 C2 in degrees?

Problem 1.6 (PRMO 2019 Paper 2). Let ABC be an acute angled triangle with AB = 15
and BC = 8. Let D be a point on AB such that BD = BC. Consider points E on AC such
that ∠ DEB = ∠ BEC. If α denotes the product of all possible values of AE, find bαc the
integer part of α.

Problem 1.7 (AIME II 2019). Triangle ABC has side lengths AB = 7, BC = 8, and
CA = 9. Circle ω1 passes through B and is tangent to line AC at A. Circle ω2 passes
through C and is tangent to line AB at A. Let K be the intersection of circles ω1 and ω2
not equal to A. Then AK = mn , where m and n are relatively prime positive integers. Find
m + n.

Problem 1.8 (AIME II 2020). Let 4 ABC be an acute scalene triangle with circumcircle ω.
The tangents to ω at B and C intersect at T. Let X and Y be the projections of T onto lines
AB and AC, respectively. Suppose BT = CT = 16, BC = 22, and TX 2 + TY 2 + XY 2 =
1143. Find XY 2 .

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GRAMOLY (March 2021) Problems on Olympiad Geometry

Problem 1.9 (JBMO 2011). Let ABC be a triangle with ∠C = 90◦ and CA 6= CB. Let
CH be an altitude and CL be an interior angle bisector. Show that for X 6= C on the
line CL, we have ∠XAC 6= ∠XBC. Also show that for Y 6= C on the line CH we have
∠YAC 6= ∠YBC.

§2 USA(J)MO-PRE IMO LEVEL PROBLEMS

Problem 2.1 (IMOSL 2004 G2). The circle Γ and the line ` do not intersect. Let AB be the
diameter of Γ perpendicular to `, with B closer to ` than A. An arbitrary point C 6= A, B
is chosen on Γ. The line AC intersects ` at D. The line DE is tangent to Γ at E, with B
and E on the same side of AC. Let BE intersect ` at F, and let AF intersect Γ at G 6= A.
Prove that the reflection of G in AB lies on the line CF.

Problem 2.2 (IMO 2014). Points P and Q lie on side BC of acute-angled 4 ABC so
that ∠ PAB = ∠ BCA and ∠CAQ = ∠ ABC. Points M and N lie on lines AP and AQ,
respectively, such that P is the midpoint of AM, and Q is the midpoint of AN. Prove
that lines BM and CN intersect on the circumcircle of 4 ABC.

Problem 2.3 (IMO 2020). Consider the convex quadrilateral ABCD. The point P is in
the interior of ABCD. The following ratio equalities hold:

∠ PAD : ∠ PBA : ∠ DPA = 1 : 2 : 3 = ∠CBP : ∠ BAP : ∠ BPC

Prove that the following three lines meet in a point: the internal bisectors of angles
∠ ADP and ∠ PCB and the perpendicular bisector of segment AB.
Problem 2.4 (USOMO 2020). Let ABC be a fixed acute triangle inscribed in a circle ω
with center O. A variable point X is chosen on minor arc AB of ω, and segments CX
and AB meet at D. Denote by O1 and O2 the circumcenters of triangles ADX and BDX,
respectively. Determine all points X for which the area of triangle OO1 O2 is minimized.

Problem 2.5 (INMO 2021). In a convex quadrilateral ABCD, ∠ ABD = 30◦ , ∠ BCA = 75◦ ,
∠ ACD = 25◦ and CD = CB. Extend CB to meet the circumcircle of triangle DAC at E.
Prove that CE = BD

Problem 2.6 (USAJMO 2020). Let ω be the incircle of a fixed equilateral triangle ABC.
Let ` be a variable line that is tangent to ω and meets the interior of segments BC and CA
at points P and Q, respectively. A point R is chosen such that PR = PA and QR = QB.
Find all possible locations of the point R, over all choices of `.

Problem 2.7 (INMO 2020). Let Γ1 and Γ2 be two circles of unequal radii, with centres O1
and O2 respectively, intersecting in two distinct points A and B. Assume that the centre
of each circle is outside the other circle. The tangent to Γ1 at B intersects Γ2 again in C,
different from B; the tangent to Γ2 at B intersects Γ1 again at D, different from B. The
bisectors of ∠ DAB and ∠CAB meet Γ1 and Γ2 again in X and Y, respectively. Let P and
Q be the circumcentres of triangles ACD and XAY, respectively. Prove that PQ is the
perpendicular bisector of the line segment O1 O2 .

§3 REALLY HARD PROBLEMS

Problem 3.1 (ELMO 2019 Shortlist). Given a triangle ABC for which ∠ BAC 6= 90◦ , let
B1 , C1 be variable points on AB, AC, respectively. Let B2 , C2 be the points on line BC

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GRAMOLY (March 2021) Problems on Olympiad Geometry

such that a spiral similarity centered at A maps B1 C1 to C2 B2 . Denote the circumcircle of

AB1 C1 by ω. Show that if B1 B2 and C1 C2 concur on ω at a point distinct from B1 and C1 ,
then ω passes through a fixed point other than A.

Problem 3.2 (IMOSL 2019). Let I be the incentre of acute triangle ABC with AB 6= AC.
The incircle ω of ABC is tangent to sides BC, CA, and AB at D, E, and F, respectively.
The line through D perpendicular to EF meets ω at R. Line AR meets ω again at P. The
circumcircles of triangle PCE and PBF meet again at Q. Prove that lines DI and PQ meet
on the line through A perpendicular to AI.

Problem 3.3 (ELMO 2018 Shortlist). Let scalene triangle ABC have altitudes AD, BE, CF
and circumcenter O. The circumcircles of 4 ABC and 4 ADO meet at P 6= A. The
circumcircle of 4 ABC meets lines PE at X 6= P and PF at Y 6= P. Prove that XY k BC.

Problem 3.4 (Sharygin Final Round 2017). Given triangle ABC and its incircle ω prove
you can use just a ruler and drawing at most 8 lines to construct pointsA0 , B0 , C 0 on ω
such that A, B0 , C 0 and B, C 0 , A0 and C, A0 , B0 are collinear.

Problem 3.5 (IMO 2011). Let ABC be an acute triangle with circumcircle Γ. Let ` be a
tangent line to Γ, and let ` a , `b and `c be the lines obtained by reflecting ` in the lines BC,
CA and AB, respectively. Show that the circumcircle of the triangle determined by the
lines ` a , `b and `c is tangent to the circle Γ.