FLOW IN PIPES

Contents
1- General physical description of internal flow and
the velocity boundary layer.
2- The Reynolds number and its physical significance.
3- The characteristics of flow inside pipes.
4- The pressure drop correlations (laminar &turbulent
flows).
5- The minor losses and determine the pressure drop
and pumping power requirements for real-world
piping systems.
 1- INTRODUCTION
Some Practical Applications of Fluid flow in circular and
noncircular pipes:

1. Pumping of hot and cold water in homes through pipes.

2. Water distribution in a city by extensive piping networks.
3. Transportation of Oil and natural gas are by large pipelines.
4. Blood is carried throughout our bodies by arteries and veins.
5. The recirculation of cooling water System of ICE by hoses to
the pipes in the radiator where it is cooled as it flows.
6. Water circulation in the boiler and steam transportation to
desired locations,
 Pipes, Ducts, Tubes and Conduits
Pipes:
flow sections of circular cross section
(especially when the fluid is a liquid),
Ducts:
flow sections of noncircular cross section
(especially when the fluid is a gas).
Tubes:
Small diameter pipes
Conduits:
• .
 2- LAMINAR AND TURBULENT FLOWS
Average Velocity:
Reynolds Number
Hydraulic Diameter;(Dh)
3- THE ENTRANCE REGION
Fully Developed Flow Region
Entry Lengths
4- LAMINAR FLOW IN PIPES
Pressure Drop and Head Loss
The Darcy Friction Factor; f
Horizontal Pipe
Inclined Pipes
Laminar Flow in Non-Circular Pipes
5- TURBULENT FLOW IN PIPES
The MOODY Chart
Haaland Equation for friction factor
 Types of Fluid Flow Problems
Three Types of Problems
1. Determining the pressure drop (or head loss)
Given: L, D, V.

2. Determining the flow rate:

Given: L, D, ΔP

3. Determining the pipe diameter:

Given: L, ΔP, V.
Swamee and Jain Explicit Relations
 6- MINOR LOSSES
Losses due to Several Fittings:
• Valves,
• Bends,
• Elbows,
• Tees,
• Inlets,
• Exits,
• Enlargements, and contractions
• The pipes. (major losses; if longpipes)
Loss Coefficient:

Minor Loss:

Equivalent Length:
Total Head Loss: (general)

Total Head Loss: (D=constant)