General Fluid Flow Theory

I) Physical Properties of Fluids

Viscosity,Density, Specific Volume, Specify Gravity,
Velocity and Volumetric flow rate
II) Flow Characteristic in Pipe - Three different types
of flow in pipe ( laminar flow, transition zones flow,
and turbulent flow)

Bernoullis equation - is useful in the

calculation of the fluid flow. It follows the first law of
Thermodynamics and it calculates the energy
balance in steady state and incompressible flow.

 Darcys formula of the friction in pipe line is

expressed as

The loss of head due to friction according to Darcy is,

where,
h_f = Loss of head due to friction
l = Length of pipe
d = Diameter of the pipe

 Darcy
factor
determined
experimentally,
Normally for laminar flow condition ( Re<2100) is
simply calculated

For Turbulant and transition flow the friction

factor based on Colebrook equation

 Relative roughness of the pipe is normally

calculated from the Moody chart, which is
expressed as

Stright line pressure drop:

Pressure drop is expressed as below for the
horizontal pipe line