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EXPERIMENT 1
Also obtain the above mentioned waveforms for DCM mode of operation.
THEORY-
A step-down converter produces a lower average output voltage than the dc input voltage Vs.
Its main application is in regulated dc power supplies and dc motor speed control. The
average output voltage can be calculated in terms of the switch duty ratio.By varying the
duty ratio ton/Ts of the switch, Vo can be controlled.This analysis assumes that the diode
remains forward-biased for the entire time when the switch is open, implying that the inductor
current remains positive. An inductor current that remains positive throughout the switching
period is known as continuous current. Conversely, discontinuous current is characterized by
the inductor current’s returning to zero during each period.
Buck converters and dc-dc converters in general, have the following properties when
operating in the steady state:
4. The power supplied by the source is the same as the power delivered to the load.
Figure4 shows the inductor and source currents for discontinuous-current operation for the
buck converter. The relationship between output and input voltages is determined by first
recognizing that the average inductor voltage is zero for periodic operation.
CIRCUIT DIAGRAM-
Figure1 (a) Buck dc-dc converter; (b) Equivalent circuit for the switch closed; (c)
Equivalent circuit for the switch open.
EXPECTED WAVEFORMS-
C0NTINUOUS CURRENT MODE WAVEFORMS-
Figure2: Buck converter waveforms: (a) Inductor voltage; (b) Inductor current; (c)
Capacitor current.
IMPORTANT FORMULAS-
CONTINUOUS CONDUCTION MODE-
❖ The buck converter produces an output voltage that is less than or equal to the input.
𝑉0 𝐷
=
𝑉𝑆 𝐷+𝐷1
FOR CONTINOUS CONDUCTION 𝐷1= (1-D)
𝑉0 𝐷
=
𝑉𝑆 𝐷+1−D
𝑉0 = D𝑉𝑠 ,
𝑇𝑜𝑛
D= Duty ratio =
𝑇𝑜𝑛+𝑇𝑜𝑓𝑓
❖ The average inductor current must be the same as the average current in the load resistor,
𝑉0
𝐼𝐿 =𝐼0= 𝑅
❖ The average inductor current equals the average resistor current because the average
capacitor current is zero,
𝑉0
𝐼𝐿 =𝐼0 = 𝑅
❖ On solving for D1,
−𝐷+ √𝐷2+8𝐿/𝑅𝑇𝑠
𝐷1 = 2
PROCEDURE-
1. Start MATLAB and run Simulink.
4. After forming the circuit set required parameters to all the components with the help of
given data and calculated values.
6. Then check on Display and scope the output value and all the waveforms.
SIMULATION CIRCUIT
CALCULATIONS-
Given data –
Input voltage, 𝑉𝑆= 48V
Io=2.0833A
At boundary condition, mean to peak ripple current of inductor = average output current
L= 100 × 𝟏𝟎−𝟔 H
𝑖𝐿𝑇𝑠
We have, 𝑉0 =
8𝐶
𝑖𝐿𝑇𝑠
𝐶= = C = 43.395× 𝟏𝟎−𝟔 F
8 𝑉0
RESULTS (WAVEFORMS)-
CONTINUOUS CONDUCTION MODE-
Fig 6: Voltage across the inductor and Current through the inductor
Fig 7: Voltage across the MOSFET and Current through the MOSFET
Fig 8: Voltage across diode and current through diode
2. In discontinuous conduction mode, the average output voltage gets increased when the load
resistance is increased beyond its critical value i.e. 4ohms (Boundary conduction mode).
3. Accurate waveforms are obtained for both continuous and discontinuous conduction mo