Tafila Technical University

Faculty of Engineering
Department of Mechanical Engineering

Thermodynamics Laboratory

“ Marcet Boiler”

Student Name: Ayman Abughazaleh

Student ID: 320170111003
Section:5:00- 2:00
Experiment NO.:1
Date: 292021/11/
Instructor Name: Dr. Ali Alahmar

1
Contents
Introduction:...............................................................................................................................................3
Apparatus:...................................................................................................................................................4
Objective:....................................................................................................................................................5
Theory.........................................................................................................................................................6
Procedure....................................................................................................................................................7
Analysis:.......................................................................................................................................................8
Discussion..................................................................................................................................................10
Conclusion.................................................................................................................................................11

2
 Introduction:
Thermodynamics is the study of heat and in relation in other form
of work and energy between a system and its surrounding; in this
case the property in the system will change.
When energy is increased in the water .the molecules in the water
that is increasing will enable the molecules to escape from the
surface until it is in equilibrium (boiling point). The state of
equilibrium depends on the pressure in the surface of the water.
When the pressure is low it is easier for the molecules to leave the
water with less energy. The Marcet boiler is used to investigate the
relationship pressure and temperature in saturated steam for
comparison with the steam table .the experiment slope (dT/dp) is
obtained water at saturated temperature

3
 Apparatus:
The Marcet Boiler is a self contained unit that allows students to
investigate the pressure-temperature relationship for water and
steam.
The unit incorporates an electrical heater that is controlled by the
H112 Service unit together with an integral high pressure cut out for
safe operation. The unit is also fitted with a certified pressure relief
valve.
Saturation temperature of the steam/water is measured and
displayed using the Heat Transfer service unit. The saturation
pressure inside the vessel is displayed using a high accuracy dial
pressure gauge.

4
 Objective:
To investigate the relationship between (pressure) and (temperature)
of a saturated steam, in equilibrium with (water).

5
 Theory
The Marcet boiler is used to investigate the between pressure and
temperature of saturated steam, in equilibrium with water, at all
pressures between atmospheric and a 14bar An ideal gas can be
characterized by three state variables : absolute pressure (P), volume
(V), and absolute temperature (T). The relationship between them
may be deduced from kinetic theory and is called the Ideal Gas law.
The ideal gas law was originally determined empirically and is
simply.
dT T (V g −V f ) T .V g
= =
dP hfg h fg

where:
vf specific volume of water.
vg specific volume of steam.
hf enthalpy of water.
hg enthalpy of steam.
hfg latent heat of vaporization = hg - hf.
T absolute temperature.
P absolute pressure.

6
 Procedure
Fill up water half the height of the boiler
Ensure the valve is opened
Connect the boiler to the electrical switch
The boiler is heated up to 100°c and the steam will come out of the
open valve
Close the valve after 1 minutes to ensure that the air in the boiler is
out and continues heating
When the pressure start rising , start the stop watch
Record all the temperature readings at different pressure with time

7
 Analysis:
Gauge pressure Absolute pressure Steam Temperature Measured slope(dT/dp)
(bar) (bar) (°C)
0 1 100 0.05
0.5 1.5 110 0.041666667
1 2 122 0.071428571
1.5 2.5 129 0.166666667
2 3 132 0.0625
2.5 3.5 140 0.1
3 4 145 0.166666667
3.5 4.5 148 0.083333333
4 5 154 0.166666667
4.5 5.5 157 0.166666667
5 6 160 0.0375

Specific volume (vg) Latent heat of Calculated slope (Tvg/hfg) Error

m³/kg vaporization (hfg)
1.672 2256.4 0.074100337 -0.024100337
1.2094 2229.7 0.059664529 -0.017997862
0.84284 2196.5 0.046813786 0.024614786
0.68848 2176.58 0.040804344 0.125862322
0.63356 2167.86 0.038577177 0.023922823
0.5085 2144.3 0.033199646 0.066800354
0.446 2129.2 0.03037291 0.136293757
0.41388 2119.96 0.028894055 0.054439279
0.3464 2090 0.025524211 0.141142456
0.3306 2091.6 0.024815548 0.141851119
0.3068 2082 0.023577329 0.013922671

8
 Steam Temperature (°C)
180
160 160
140
Steam Temperature (°C)

120
100
80
60
40
20
0
0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7
Absolute pressure (bar)

9
 Discussion
The theory can be compared with the experiment where
pressure and temperature are directly proportional to each
other
When a water is heated in a container to a boiling point
the tempreture increases and presussre also increase in the
case where the steam is closed in a cylinder, Their will be
internal pressure in the container and also internal forces.
it is shown in the graph that tempreture is relatively
proportional to pressure
In the table error was zero because the decreasing
tempreture of the boiler was not noted down therefore
erro is unknown . assuming the decreasing tempreture is
considered the the error percentage would now exceed
10% because the experiment was done in a closed system
so no amount of volume will escape
It was important to remove the air from the boiler to avoid
flaws of readings .
Marcet boiler is used in plant steam industries, power
plant, cooking utensil and so on

10
 Conclusion
in the experiment, it shows from the table and theory that
temperature and pressure is relatively proportional in
balance with water
Disgracing some negligible faults, this experiment can be
consider successful, to improve the result of the
experiment, it should be carried out at room temperature
switching off all the air-conditions, and also by repeating
the experiment and taking the average value. If some
insulation were kept on theMarcet boiler to reduce heat
loss, the experiment could be more accurate

11