OB\@LB WBONVIDIM LBV\NAIVN CXIEVNMIVN

OIEIAID
Liijueim umtue obobmudi tujis Eioii Imiaitie NNN yimj liiopu `abd

@abd ;

Diayitua Oiaiedid 9476786<798 EH 8794

\idti Iaci 9476786<794 EH 8794
Midliyid
Nmlid \ri Zidyumi 9476786<762 EH 8794
Nvim Mimlisyid 9476786<7<7 EH 8794

RMNSBXVN\IV MBJBXN VRXIHI^I

CIERA\IV OI\BOI\NEI LIM NAOR WBMJB\IDRIM IAIO
KRXRVIM ENONI
WX@LN V9-
ENONI 8787
 EI\I WBMJIM\IX 

Wuji syueur ebdilirit Iaaid VZ\ eirbmi lbmjim aiopidim ridoit-Myi

 pbmuais lipit obmybabsiieim oieiaid yimj hbrjulua -Obt`lb Wboisidim Lbstiiasi

Criesimisi‟ tbpit pili wietumyi. Vdiaiwit lim siaio sbo`ji sbaiau tbrfurideim
ebpili Mihi eiti Oudiooil VIZ, ebauirji, sidihit lim pbmjieut hbaiiu dimjji
iedir zioim. Wbmuais juji hbrtbrioi eisid ebpili ihu sbaieu l`sbm oiti euaiid
Eioii Imiaitie NNN li Rmivbrsitis Mbjbri Vurihiyi yimj tbaid obohbrieim tujis
imi ebpili pbmuais.

Oieiaid imi obohidis obmjbmii

Wbmuais obmjufipeim tbrioi eisid ebpili sboui pidie yimj

tbaid obohimtu liaio pbmybabsiiim oieiaid imi. Wbmuais obmyiliri hidwi

oieiaid imi
 jiud liri ebsbopurmiim. @abd eirbmi itu, pbmuais obmjdiripeim eritie lim
sirim e`mstruetic liri pbohifi lboi ebsbopurmiim oieiaid imi li
ebouliim diri. Iedir eiti, sbo`ji oieiaid imi lipit hbroimciit hiji pbmuais
edususmyi lim
 pbohifi pili uouomyi. Iioiim...

Zissiaiou„iaiieuo. Zr. Zh.

Vurihiyi, 89 Ipria 8787

Wbmuais
F`mtbmts
EI\I WBMJIM\IX.  ..............................................................................................................2

HIH N ...........................................................................................................................................<

WBMLIDRARIM .....................................................................................................................<

9.8 AI\IX HBAIEIMJ .................................................................................................<

9.6 XRORVIM OIVIAID ...........................................................................................2

9.< \RKRIM ........................................................................................................................2

HIH NN...........................................................................................................................:

WBOHIDIVIM............................................................................................................:

8.9 Wbmjbrtiim Lbstiaisi............................................................................................:

8.8 Wbmjbrtiim Lbstiaisi Criesimisi .............................................................................99

8.6 Iait Lbstiaisi Criesimisi lim Cumjsimyi ............................................................. 92

8. < Ipaieisi Lbstiaisi Criesimisi Liaio Ebdilupim ................................................9<

HIH NNN ......................................................................................................................................9:

EBVNOWRAIM ........................................................................................................................9:

LIC\IX WRV\IEI ........................................................................94

 HIH N
WBMLIDRARIM

9.9 Aitir Hbaieimj

eioii imiaitie iliaid iaou eioii yimj obmlisiri imiaisis lim
dim siopba. Imiaisis lipit hbrtujuim umtue obmbmtueim jbmis e`op`mbm ipi siji yimj tbrlipit liaio suitu siopba (euiaititic) itiu sb
mbm tbrsbhut hbrili liaio suitu siopba (euimtititic). \ilie sboui umsur 

itiu sbmyiwi yimj tbrlipit liaio siopba lipit liimiaisis sbfiri aimjsumj,
 hiisimyi obaiaui pr`sbs pboisidim tbrabhid liduau eirbmi sbhijiim hbsir sbmyiwi

eioii tilie litboueim liaio ebiliim ourmi itiu tbrfiopur lbmjim sbmyiwi aiim.
Rmtue hbhbripi ebpbrauim sbpbrti simtbsis sbmyiwi eioii yimj obobraueim hidim

 hieu sbmyiwi eioii liaio ebiliim ourmi oiei pboisidim pbrau liaieueim.

\brlipit hbrhijii oifio obt`lb pboisidim hiie liaio imiaitis itiu

 prbpiritic liimtirimyi; Ciatrisi, Lbstiaisi, rberistiaisisi, suhaioisi, pbmjbmlipim,

bestriesi lim aiim-aiim. Obt`lb pboisidim obrupieim suitu firi yimj lijumieim

umtue oboisideim itiu obourmieim suitu sbmyiwi itiu sbeba`op`e sbmyiwi

yimj obopumyii susumim eioii yimj hbreiitim liri suitu hidim, hiie liaio
seiai aih`ait`riuo oiupum seiai imlustri. Obt`lb pboisidim hbrtujuim umtue 
obmlipiteim zit ourmi itiu hbhbripi zit ourmi liri fiopurim.

Lbstiaisi iliaid pr`sbs yimj lijumieim umtue oboisideim fiopurim

cauili hbrlisireim titie lilid yimj liieuti `abd e`mlbmsisi. Liti yimj lipbraueim
liaio pbmybabsiiim pbrs`iaim listiaisi iliaid liti ebsbtiohimjim imtiri
cisb
aiquil lim cisb jis. Hbmtue lim suohbr liti ebsbtiohimjim imtiri cisb aiquil lim
cisb jis liimtirimyi lipit lijiohireim liaio hbmtue eurvi ebsbtiohimjim itiu
lipbr`abd lbmjim firi bespbriobm. Lui cisi lieitieim hbrili
liaio ebsbtiohimjim jiei tbopbritur, tbeimim, lim p`tbmsiia eioii liri
oisimj-oisimj e`op`mbm yimj tbraihit li eblui cisi hbrmiaii sioi.

Ilipum jbmis-jbmis lbstiaisi yiitu lbstiaisi sblbrdimi, lbstiaisi

criesimisi, lbstiaisi izb`tr`p, lbstiaisi vieuo, lbstiaisi uip lim lbstiaisi
ebrimj. Nml`mbsii
 obrupieim Mbjiri pbmjdisia oimyie lilumii. Liaio obmjba`aid oimyie obmtid
itiu frulb `ia obmjili oimyie jili hbrhijii oifio aimjeid tbaid liaieueim tbroisue liliaiomyi lbmjim obt`lb pb

Lbstiaisi criesimisi obrupieim suitu tbemie pboisidim umtue airutim yimj

`
obopumyii pbrhbliim titie lilid yimj tilie tbraiau jiud yiitu sbeitir 67 F itiu
abhid. Liaio lbstiaisi criesi`mia itiu lbstiaisi hbrtimjeit pr`sbs pboisidim pirsiia
liuaimj hbreiai-eiai lioimi sbtiip eiai tbrjili pboisidim abhid aimjut. Dia imi
 hbrirti pr`sbs pbmjiyiim liri uip yimj abhid v`aitia juji tbrjili hbreiai-
eiai sbpimjimj pr`sbs lbstiaisi criesi`mia itu hbraimjsumj. Wili oieiaid imi
ieim lihidis obmliaio obmjbmii obt`lb pboisidim lbstiaisi criesimisi.

9.8 Xuousim Oisiaid

9. Ipi yimj lioiesul lbstiaisi0
8. Ipi yimj lioiesul lbstiaisi criesimisi0
6. Hijiioimi rimjeiiim iait pili lbstiaisi criesimisi0 Vbhuteim cumjsimyi!
<. Ipi siji ipaieisi lbstiaisi criesimisi liaio ebdilupim0

9.6 \ujuim
9. Rmtue obmjbtidui pbmjbrtiim lbstiaisi.
8. Rmtue obmjbtidui pbmjbrtiim lbstiaisi criesimisi.
6. Rmtue obmjbtidui hijiioimi rimjeiiim iait umtue lbstiaisi criesimisi
 hbsbrti cumjsimyi.
<. Rmtue obmjbtidui ipaieisi lbstiaisi criesimisi liaio ebdilupim.
 HIH NN
WBOHIDIVI
M

8.9 Wbmjbrtiim Lbstiaisi

Lbstiaisi iliaid pr`sbs yimj lijumieim umtue oboisideim

fiopurim cauili hbrlisireim titie lilid yimj liieuti `abd e`mlbmsisi. Liti yimj
lipbraueim
liaio pbmybabsiiim pbrs`iaim listiaisi iliaid liti ebsbtiohimjim imtiri
cisb aiquil lim cisb jis. Hbmtue lim suohbr liti ebsbtiohimjim imtiri cisb aiquil
lim cisb jis liimtirimyi lipit lijiohireim liaio hbmtue eurvi ebsbtiohimjim
itiu lipbr`abd lbmjim firi bespbriobm. Lui cisi lieitieim hbrili
liaio ebsbtiohimjim jiei tbopbritur, tbeimim, lim p`tbmsiia eioii liri oisimj-
oisimj e`op`mbm yimj tbraihit li eblui cisi hbrmiaii sioi (Mi Ebtut, 8797).

Lbstiaisi obrupieim tbemie pboisidim yimj lilisiri itis pbrhbliim titie 

lilie itiu titie fiir liri oisimj-oisimj zit pbmyusum liri fiopurim d`o`jbm.
Liaio pr`sbs lbstiaisi tbrlipit lui tidip pr`sbs yiitu tidip pbmjuipim lim
liaimjuteim lbmjim tidip pbmjbohimjim ebohiai uip obmjili fiir itiu pilitim.

Obmurut Imwir (8797) Lisir pr`sbs lbstiaisi iliaid

ebsbtiohimjim sbmyiwi v`aitia imtiri cisi fiir lim cisi uip. Hiai zit m`m

v`aitia  liairuteim eb liaio suitu zit fiir, oiei tbeimim uip zit fiir tbrsbhut
ieim turum. Wili airutim yimj obmjimlumj lui e`op`mbm v`aitia yimj lipit
hbrfiopur sbopurmi, oiei tbeimim uip oisimj-oisimj e`op`mbm ieim turum.
Dueuo Xi`uat obmyitieim
 hidwi tbeimim uip oisimj-oisimj e`op`mbm hbrhimlimj aimjsumj lbmjim criesi
o`amyi. Wboisidim obmjjumieim lbstiaisi sblbrdimi sbrimjeiai tilie obouiseim
eirbmi obt`lb tbrsbhut liebohimjeim lbmjim obmiohideim suitu
e`a`o criesimisi liimtiri aihu lilid lim eaiisbm ( stiaa dbil)  liaio
pbrimjeit iait listiaisi. Wbmjirud liri pbmiohidim e`a`o criesimisi
ieim obopbrsimjeit
 hbhbripi pbebrjiim pboisidim liri lbstiaisi hiisi obmjili dimyi situ pbebrjiim.

Obmurut Iri (8774) Wrimsip lbstiaisi iliaid oboisideim zit-zit obaiaui

 pbrhbliim titie lilid. Wr`sbs lbstiaisi imi obmjjumieim aihu lbstiaisi sbhijii
lbstiait`r, e`op`r aistrie sbhijii pboimis lim brabmobybr sbhijii tbopit disia
lbstiaisi itiu lbstiait. Fiirim yimj libohumeim ebohiai lisbhut
lbstiait.
Wbmbopitim p`sisi yimj siaid lipit obmybhiheim uip fiirim oisiamyi btim`a
ieim obmbopba pili tbro`obtbr lim tilie obabwiti e`mlbms`r umtue obaiaui
 pr`sbs pbmjbohumim, tbtipi ieim ebohiai pili aihu lbstiaisi yimj
hbrisi fiopurim fiirim. Ieihitmyi, juoaid lbstiait yimj lipbr`abd tilie
oiesioia.
\ujuim lbstiaisi iliaid pbourmiim zit fiir pili titie lilidmyi, lim oboisideim
fiirim tbrsbhut liri zit pilit yimj tbrairut itiu liri zit fiir aiimmyi
yimj obopumyii pbrhbliim titie lilid fiirim ourmi.

Lbstiaisi obrupieim pbmjuipim suitu fiirim lbmjim firi oboimiseimmyi

lim ebouliim obmjbohumeim uipmyi ebohiai obmjili fiirim. Lbstiaisi sbhijii
 pr`sbs pboisidim liebohimjeim liri e`msbp-e`msbp lisir; tbeimim
uip, ebobmjuipim, lim sbhijiimyi. Lbstiaisi lijumieim umtue pboisidim
fiirim- fiirim lbmjim tbeimim uip yimj fueup timjji. Lbmjim e`a`o yimj
lirimfimj sbfiri hiie, lipit oboisideim fiirim-fiirim lbmjim pbrhbliim
tbeimim uip yimj

ebfia (tipi tilie fiopurim izb`tr`p). Listiaisi obrupieim

obt`lb is`aisi/pbourmiim (Hidti, 9>>4).

Wr`sbs lbstiaisi liiwiai lbmjim pboimisim, sbdimjji zit yimj oboiaiei

titie lilid abhid rbmlid ieim obmjuip. Rip tbrsbhut hbrjbrie obmuju e`mlbmsbr 
yiitu pbmlimjim pr`sbs pbmlimjimim tbrjili eirbmi eiti obmjiaireim iir ebliaio
limlimj (hijiim auir f`mlbmsbr), sbdimjji uip yimj lidisiaeim ieim ebohiai fiir.
Wr`sbs imi hbrjiaim tbrus obmbrus lim iedirmyi eiti lipit oboisideim sbaurud
sbmyiwi-sbmyiwi yimj ili liaio fiopurim d`o`jbm tbrsbhut (V`bhiji`, 8776).

Wboisidim lbmjim lbstiaisi hbrhbli lbmjim pboisidim lbmjim

firi
 pbmjuipim. Wili pboisidim lbmjim firi lbstiaisi sboui e`op`mbm yimj tbrlipit
liliaio fiopurim hbrsicit oulid obmjuip (v`aitia). \imjeit
pbmjuipim (v`aitiaitis) oisimj-oisimj e`op`mbm hbrhbli-hbli pili sudu yimj
sioi. Dia imi ieim hbrieihit hidwi pili sudu tbrtbmtu uip yimj
lidisiaeim liri suitu fiopurim fiirim ieim sbaiau obmjimlumj abhid himyie
e`op`mbm yimj abhid v`aitia. Vicit yimj lboieiim imi ieim tbrjili sbhiaiemyi,
yiemi pili sudu tbrtbmtu cisi fiirim ieim abhid himyie obmjimlumj e`op`mbm
yimj eurimj v`aitia. Kili fiirim yimj sbtiohimj lbmjim uipmyi pili sudu
tbrtbmtu oboiaiei e`op`sisi yimj hbrhbli. Wili pboisidim lbmjim firi
pbmjuipim e`op`mbm v`aitia
lipisideim lbmjim e`op`mbm yimj eurimj v`aitia, eirbmi pr`sbs pboimisim.
(V`bhiji`, 8776)

Lbmjim pbreitiim aiim, lbstiaisi imi hbrtujuim umtue oboisideim sbmyiwi-

sbmyiwi liri suitu fiopurim yimj e`op`mbm-e`op`mbmmyi oboiaiei pbrhbliim

titie lilid rbaitic ebfia. Vbhijii f`mt`d; pboisidim pbmjuipim lipit lijumieim
umtue oboisideim iir liri airutim MiFa hbriir, sblimj pboisidim lbmjim firi
lbstiaisi lijumieim umtue oboisideim fiopurim iae`d`a liri iir. Kili ili
 pbrhbliim e`op`sisi imtiri cisb fiir lim cisb uip, lim dia imi obrupieim syirit
utioi supiyi pboisidim lbmjim listiaisi lipit liaieueim. Eiaiu e`op`sisi cisb
uip sioi lbmjim e`op`sisi cisb fiir, oiei pboisidim lbmjim jiaim listiaisi
tilie  lipit liaieueim (^izil, 8772).

8.8 Kbmis ‖ Kbmis Lbstiaisi

Obmurut hbhbripi aitbritur, jbmis-jbmis lbstiaisi yimj liebmia, yiitu ili 3

 jbmis lbstiaisi, liimtirimyi sbhijii hbrieut;
9) Lbstiaisi Vblbrdimi
  Wili lbstiaisi sblbrdimi, lisir pboisidimmyi iliaid pbrhbliim
titie  lilid yimj jiud itiu lbmjim siaid situ e`op`mbm hbrsicit
v`aitia . Kiei fiopurim lipimiseim oiei e`op`mbm yimj titie lilidmyi abhid
rbmlid ieim obmjuip abhid luau. Vbaiim pbrhbliim titie lilid,
juji pbrhbliim ebv`aitiaim, yiitu ebfbmlbrumjim sbhuid suhstimsi
umtue obmjili jis. Lbstiaisi imi liaieueim pili tbeimim ito`scbr.
Ipaieisi lbstiaisi sblbrdimi

lijumieim umtue oboisideim fiopurim iir lim iae`d`a.

8) Lbstiaisi Criesi`misi
  Obmurut Irsyil (8779) Listiaisi criesi`mia/hbrtimjeit iliaid
suitu listiaisi yimj liaieueim lbmjim rbcaues pirsiia eirbmi auis pbroueiim
liaio e`a`o criesi`misi yimj lijumieim oboumjeimeim tbrjilimyi
ebsbtiohimjim uip-fiir. Hutir-hutir uip yimj tbrhbmtue ieim obmlimjim
ebohiai, ebtiei obmbopud e`a`o, lim obmjbohum obmjili zit fiir,
aiau obmjuip aiji. Wr`sbs imi hbraimjsumj hbruaimj-uaimj. Hiai
e`a`omyi bcisibm, uip yimj

 hbrdisia obmfipii pumfie e`a`o ieim dimyi tbrliri itis e`op`mbm yimj
abhid v`aitia (hbrtitie lilid rbmlid). @abd eirbmi itu,sboieim
pimjimj e`a`omyi, sboieim hijus,eirbmi pboisidim imtiri lui zit fiir
v`aitia itiu abhid ieim oieim sbopurmi. Lim e`a`o imi-yimj yimj
rimfimjimmyi hisi
 hbrimbei rijio umtue oimfipii disia yimj oiesioia-lipit lisbeit
umtue  oboimioiaeim pimis yimj diaimj. Listiaisi criesi`mia sulid jioie
lipieii, oisiamyi umtue oboisideim criesi-criesi oimyie huoi,
hbrlisireim titie  lilidmyi, v`aiaitismyi, itiu tbeimim uip e`op`mbm
fiopurim-fiopurim tbrsbhut.

6) Lbstiaisi Izb`tr`p
  Izb`tr`p iliaid fiopurim liri lui itiu abhid e`op`mbm
yimj oboiaiei titie lilid yimj e`mstim. Fiopurim izb`tr`p
obrupieim
 pbmyiopimjim liri dueuo Xi`uat (Irsyil, 8779).

<) Lbstiaisi Sieuo

  Lbstiaisi vieuo hiisimyi lijumieim jiei sbmyiwi yimj
imjim lilbstiaisi tilie stihia, lbmjim pbmjbrtiim lipit tbrlbe`op`sisi
sbhbauo itiu obmlbeiti titie lilidmyi itiu fiopurim yimj oboiaiei titie
lilid li itis 927
·F. Obt`lb lbstiaisi imi tilie lipit lijumieim pili pbairut lbmjim titie lilid
yimj rbmlid jiei e`mlbms`rmyi obmjjumieim iir limjim, eirbmi
e`op`mbm yimj obmjuip tilie lipit lie`mlbmsisi `abd iir. Rmtue
obmjurimji tbeimim lijumieim p`opi vieuo itiu ispirit`r .
Ispirit`r hbrcumjsi sbhijii pbmurum tbeimim pili sistbo lbstiaisi imi
(Irsyil, 8779).

2) Lbstiaisi Rip
  Lbstiaisi uip lijumieim pili fiopurim sbmyiwi-sbmyiwi
yimj oboiaiei titie lilid obmfipii 877 ·F itiu abhid. Listiaisi
uip lipit obmjuipeim sbmyiwi-sbmyiwi imi lbmjim sudu obmlbeiti
977 ·F liaio tbeimim ito`scbr lbmjim obmjjumieim uip itiu iir
obmlilid (Irsyil, 8779).
 3) Lbstiaisi ebrimj
  Lbstiaisi ebrimj obrupieim lbstiaisi yimj liaieueim lbmjim
firi oboimiseim oitbriia pilit umtue obmlipiteim cisb uip lim
fiirmyi,
 hiisimyi lijumieim umtue obmjiohia fiirim hidim hieir liri eiyu itiu hitu
 hiri (Irsyil, 8779).

8.6 Wbmjbrtiim Lbstiaisi Criesimisi

Cumjsi listiaisi criesi`misi iliaid oboisideim e`op`mbm-e`op`mbm fiir,
lui itiu abhid, liri suitu airutim hbrlisireim pbrhbliim titie lilidmyi. Listiaisi
imi juji lipit lijumieim umtue fiopurim lbmjim pbrhbliim titie lilid eurimj
liri 87 ·F lim hbebrji pili tbeimim ito`scbr itiu lbmjim tbeimim rbmlid.
Ipaieisi liri listiaisi jbmis imi lijumieim pili imlustri oimyie obmtid,umtue 
oboisideim e`op`mbm- e`op`mbm liaio oimyie obmtid Wbrhbliim listiaisi
criesi`misi lim listiaisi sblbrdimi iliaid ilimyi e`a`o criesi`misi. Lie`a`o imi

tbrjili pboimisim sbfiri hbrtidip lbmjim sudu yimj hbrhbli-hbli pili sbtiip
 paitmyi. Wboimisim yimj hbrhbli-hbli imi hbrtujuim umtue pbourmiim
listiait yimj abhid liri pait-pait li hiwidmyi. Vboieim eb itis, sboieim tilie
v`aitia fiirimmyi (Dishi, 8793).

Listiaisi hbrtimjeit itiu criesimisi iliaid pr`sbs pboisidim lbstiaisi eb

liaio hijiim‗hijiim lbmjim titie lilid oieim aioi oieim timjji yimj sbaimjutmyi
 pboisidim hijiim-hijiim imi lioiesuleim umtue lbstiaisi uaimj. Lbstiaisi
 hbrtimjeit obrupieim pr`sbs pbourmiim zit/sbmyiwi fiir lioimi zit
 pbmfiopurmyi hbrupi sbmyiwi fiir yimj titie lilidmyi rbmlid lim tilie hbrhbli
 jiud lbmjim titie lilid sbmyiwi yimj ieim liourmieim. Lbmjim pbreitiim
aiim, lbstiaisi imi hbrtujuim umtue oboisideim sbmyiwi‗sbmyiwi liri suitu
fiopurim yimj e`op`mbm‗e`op`mbmmyi oboiaiei pbrhbliim titie lilid
rbaitic ebfia. Lbstiaisi imi lijumieim umtue oboisideim fiopurim
isbt`m‗obtim`a, eirh`m tbtri ea`rili‗t`aubm, laa. Wili pr`sbs lbstiaisi
hbrtimjeit lijumieim e`a`o criesimisi yimj lipisimj pili aihu lbstiaisi
(\didir, 879<).

\ujuim liri pbmjjumiim e`a`o imi iliaid umtue oboisideim

uip fiopurim sbmyiwi fiir yimj titie lilidmyi diopir sioi/tilie hbjitu
hbrhbli. Vbhih lbmjim ilimyi pbmjdiaimj liaio e`a`o criesimisi obmybhiheim
uip yimj
titie lilidmyi sioi ieim sioi‗sioi obmjuip itiu sbmyiwi yimj titie lilidmyi
rbmlid ieim miie tbrus dimjji iedirmyi obmjbohum lim turum sbhijii lbstiait,
sblimjeim sbmyiwi yimj titie lilidmyi abhid timjji, jiei hbauo obmfipii dirji
titie lilidmyi oiei sbmyiwi tbrsbhut ieim obmbtbs ebohiai eb liaio
aihu lbstiaisi, yimj iedirmyi jiei pboimisim liaimjuteim tbrus ieim obmfipii
dirji titie lilidmyi. Vbmyiwi tbrsbhut ieim obmjuip, obmjbohum lim
turum/obmbtbs sbhijii lbstiait (Diriimimjsid, 8794).

8. < Iait Lbstiaisi Criesimisi lim Cumjsimyi

Obmurut Ihhisit` (877:) hbrieut ramjeaiam alat alat dam cumjsimya dalao
dbstilasi craesimasi;

M` Iait Cumjsi
9. Hitu lilid Hbrcumjsi umtue obopbrfbpit pr`sbs pbmlilidim

siopba lbmjim obmidim tbeimim itiu obmbeim jbabohumj pimis pili siopba sbrti obmybhire

 pimis yimj ili eb sbaurud hijiim siopba.

8. Vtitic lim eaboHbrcumjsi umtue obmyimjji hijiim-hijiim liri

 pbriaitim lbstiaisi sbdimjji tilie jitud itiu j`yimj

6. Aihu Aihu listiaisi hbrcumjsi sbhijii wilid itiu tbopit

siopba
listiaisi/caise 
yimj ieim lilbstiaisi
<. Vtbba Dbil
Hbrcumjsi sbhijii pbmyiaur uip itiu jis yimj ieim oisue eb iait pbmlimjim (e`mlbms`r), lim hiisimy
aihu lbstiaisimyi sulid liabmjeipi lbmjim abdbr yimj

 hbrcumjsi sbhijii stbba dbil.

 2. \dbro`obtbr \dbro`obtbr hbrcumjsi umtue obmjioiti sudu liaio
 pr`sbs lbstiaisi sbdimjji sudu lipit lie`mtr`a sbsuii

lbmjim sudu yimj liimjimeim.

3. E`mlbms`r E`mlbms`r hbrcumjsi umtue obmlimjimeim uip
lbstiait yimj obabwiti e`mlbms`r sbdimjji obmjili

fiir.
:. E`a`o E`a`o criesimisi hbrtujuim umtue oboisideim uip

listiaisi/criesimisifiopurim sbmyiwi fiir yimj titie lilidmyi

sioi/tilie hbjitu hbrhbli.
4. Ilipt`r Ilipt`r hbrcumjsi umtue obmjduhumjeim imtiri
e`mlbms`r lim wilid pbmiopumj lbstiait.
Hbrcumjsi umtue oboimiseim siopba yimj tbrlipit
>. Wboimis
 pili aihu iais huait itiu aihu lbstiait.

8.2 Ipaieisi Lbstiaisi Criesimisi Liaio Ebdilupim

9. Ipaieisi Lbstiaisi Criesimisi Liaio Ebdilupim Vbdiri Diri
  Obmurut Wrioimi (8792) Kuoaid it`o eirh`m liaio
rimtii dilr`eirh`m hbrviriisi. Rmtue lipit lipbrjumieim sbhijii hidim
hieir oiei lieba`op`eeim obmjili hbhbripi criesi itiu timjeitim
lbmjim urutim sblbrdimi sbhijii hbrieut ;
i. Jis
Xbmtimj rimtii eirh`m ; F9 siopii F2, oboiaiei \riybe lilid ; 7
siopii 27 ·F, cumjsi ; Jis tihumj, HHJ, uopim pr`sbs pbtr`e`oii.

 h. Jis`aim (Hbmsim)

Xbmtimj rimtii eirh`m ; F3 siopii F99, \riybe lilid ; 27 siopii
42 ·F, cumjsi ; Hidim hieir o`t`r, hidim hieir pbmbrhimjim hbrobsim
 pist`m, uopim pr`sbs pbtr`e`oii.

f. Ebr`sim (Oimyie \imid)

Xbmtimj rimtii eirh`m ; F98 siopii F87, oboiaiei triybe lilid ;
42 siopii 972 ·F, cumjsi ; Hidim hieir o`t`r, hidim hieir pbmbrhimjim
 hbrobsim jbt, hidim hieir ruoid timjji, hidim hieir imlustri, uopim
 pr`sbs pbtr`eioii.

l. V`air  
Xbmtimj rimtii eirh`m ; F89 siopii F67, oboiaiei \riybe lilid ;

972 siopii 962 ·F. cumjsi ; Hidim hieir o`t`r, hidim hieir
imlustry b. Oimyie Hbrit
Xbmtimj rimtii eirh`m liri F69 siopii F<7,
oboiaei triybe lilid liri 967 siopii 677F, cumjsi ; Oimyie
pbauois, aiaim, uopim pr`sbs pbtr`eioii
c. Xbsilu
Xbmtimj rimtii eirh`m liitis F<7. oboiaiei triybe lilid
liitis 677F, cumjsi ; Hidim hieir h`iabr (obsim pbohimjeit uip
 pimis), ispia, hidim pbaipis imti h`f`r.
8. Ipaieisi Lbstiaisi Criesimisi Wili Hilimj Nmlustri
  Ipaieisi pili jbmis imi sbrimj lijumieim pili imlustry oimyie obmtid,

umtue oboisideim e`op`mbm liaio oimyie obmtid. Viaid situ pbmbripim

tbrpbmtimj liri obt`lb listiaisi criesimisi iliaid pboisidim
oimyie 
obmtid obmjili hijiim-hijiim umtue pbmjjumiim edusus sbpbrti
umtue 
trimsp`rtisi, pbohimjeit aistrie, pboimis, laa.

 
Ouai-ouai oimyie huoi lisbstiaisi li hiwid tbeimim ito`scbr lim
ebouliim pili e`mlisi vieuo. Wili siit obmjjumieim tbeimim ito`scbr,
oimyie huoi lipimiseim pili sudu tilie abhid liri 6:7 ·F eirbmi sudu yimj

abhid timjji ieim obmybhiheim pbobfidim (frifeimj) itiu lbe`op`sisi

dilr`eirh`m. Dia imi dirus lidimliri eirbmi dilr`eirh`m jbmud yimj tbrhbmtue 
ieim obmurum euiaitismyi. Lbstiaisi pili tbeimim ito`scbr
ieim obmjdisiaeim criesi lbmjim titie lilid sbeitir 67· dimjji 627 ·F-
637 ·F. Criesi imi tbrliri liri sbmyiwi yimj hbrjumi hiji oimusii, yiitu
hbmsim, oimyie timid, oimyie libsba (s`air), lim hidim hieir jbt (ictur).
Vbaiim itu
 juji obmjdisiaeim hidim hieu simtbsis pbtr`eioii sbpbrti
hbmzbmb, btiahbmzbmi, xiabmi, btiabmi, pr`piabmi, lim hutilibmi. Vudu ebtiei
lbstiaisi tilie lipit litbmtueim sbmliri, ieim tbtipi dirus obmjbtidui
tbrabhid liduau

sudu liri sbmyiwi-sbmyiwi yimj ieim lilbstiaisi.

 HIH NNN
WBMR\RW

6.9Ebsiopuaim
Liri pbohidisim liitis lilipiteim ebsiopuaim ;

9. Lbstiaisi obrupieim tbemie pboisidim yimj lilisiri itis pbrhbliim titie

lilie  itiu titie fiir liri oisimj-oisimj zit pbmyusum liri fiopurim
d`o`jbm. Liaio pr`sbs lbstiaisi tbrlipit lui tidip pr`sbs yiitu tidip
pbmjuipim lim liaimjuteim lbmjim tidip pbmjbohimjim ebohiai uip
obmjili fiir itiu
 pilitim.

8. Listiaisi hbrtimjeit itiu criesimisi iliaid pr`sbs pboisidim lbstiaisi eb liaio

 hijiim‗hijiim lbmjim titie lilid oieim aioi oieim timjji yimj sbaimjutmyi
 pboisidim hijiim-hijiim imi lioiesuleim umtue lbstiaisi uaimj.
6. Ximjeiiim iait liaio lbstiaisi criesimisi yiitu Hitu lilid, Vtitic lim
eabo, Aihu listiaisi/caise, Vtbba Dbil, \dbro`obtbr, E`mlbms`r,
E`a`o listiaisi/criesimisi, Ilipt`r, Wboimis.
<. Viaid situ pbmbripim tbrpbmtimj liri obt`lb listiaisi criesimisi
iliaid
 pboisidim oimyie obmtid obmjili hijiim-hijiim umtue pbmjjumiim edusus
sbpbrti umtue trimsp`rtisi, pbohimjeit aistrie, pboimis, laa.

6.8 Virim
 LIC\IX WRV\IEI

Ihhisit`, \`my Nrwimt` lim Be` Iris Huliirt`. 877:. Bcisibmsi E`a`o

Vibvb
\riy Wili Lbstiaisi ^imj Obmjimlumj \iji E`op`mbm (Ifbt`m-
 Iae`d`a-Iir. Vboimir Misi`mia \BEM@NM

Iri, E., lim Dili, Z. 8774.  Wbohuitim Btim`a Liri Viopid Wisir Obaiaui
 Wr`sbs Dilr`aisis Isio Lim Cbrobmtisi Hietbri  [yo`o`mis
O`hiais. Kurmia \bemie Aimjeumjim.  S`a. 8. M`. 9

Irsyil, O., Mitsir. 8779. Eious Eioii Irti lim Wbmjbaisim Nstiaid. Jrioblii.
Kieirti.

Hidti. 9>>4.\bemie Wboisidim Eioii lim Cisiei. Rmivbrsitis Wiljijirim.

Himlumj.

Diriimimjsid, D. X, Zuaimliri. 8794. \rimsc`roisi Vitr`mbaia liri Lbstiaisi

 Criesimisi Vbrd Zimji Obmjili Vitr`mba`a Obmjjumieim Eitiais [r <+-

 [b`ait Hbti. S`a. 6, M`. 8, Kurmia Nm`visi \bemie Eioii.

Dismi, Oudiooil. Kbmmy, Lbaay. 8793.  Imiaisi Hi`btim`a liri Miri Irbm
 Obmjjumieim Lbstiaisi Criesimisi Jimli Vbhijii Hidim Hieir . S`a. 9,

 M`. 8, Kurmia Naoiid Oidisiswi Obsim. Cieuatis \bemie Rmivbrsitis Diau

@ab` Ebmliri.

 Mi Ebtut, V. 8797. Sip`r-Aiquil Bquiaihriuo (SAB) Zitbr-Btdim`a Cr`o Huarusd

 Cbrobmtimti`m. Kurmia \bemie Eioii, S`a. 2. M`. 9

V`bhiji`. 8776. Eioii Imiaitie NN(KNFI). Rmivbrsitis Mbjbri Oiaimj. Oiaimj