EUROPEAN STANDARD EN ISO 10447

NORME EUROPÉENNE
EUROPÄISCHE NORM June 2007

ICS 25.160.40

English Version

Resistance welding - Peel and chisel testing of resistance spot

and projection welds (ISO 10447:2006)

Soudage par résistance - Essais de déboutonnage au burin Widerstandsschweißen - Schäl-, Meißel- und Keilprüfung
et de pelage appliqués aux soudures par résistance par von Widerstandspunkt- und Buckelschweißverbindungen
points et par bossages (ISO 10447:2006) (ISO 10447:2006)

This European Standard was approved by CEN on 19 May 2007.

CEN members are bound to comply with the CEN/CENELEC Internal Regulations which stipulate the conditions for giving this European
Standard the status of a national standard without any alteration. Up-to-date lists and bibliographical references concerning such national
standards may be obtained on application to the CEN Management Centre or to any CEN member.

This European Standard exists in three official versions (English, French, German). A version in any other language made by translation
under the responsibility of a CEN member into its own language and notified to the CEN Management Centre has the same status as the
official versions.

CEN members are the national standards bodies of Austria, Belgium, Bulgaria, Cyprus, Czech Republic, Denmark, Estonia, Finland,
France, Germany, Greece, Hungary, Iceland, Ireland, Italy, Latvia, Lithuania, Luxembourg, Malta, Netherlands, Norway, Poland, Portugal,
Romania, Slovakia, Slovenia, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland and United Kingdom.

EUROPEAN COMMITTEE FOR STANDARDIZATION

COMITÉ EUROPÉEN DE NORMALISATION
EUROPÄISCHES KOMITEE FÜR NORMUNG

Management Centre: rue de Stassart, 36 B-1050 Brussels

© 2007 CEN All rights of exploitation in any form and by any means reserved Ref. No. EN ISO 10447:2007: E
worldwide for CEN national Members.
EN ISO 10447:2007 (E)

Foreword
The text of ISO 10447:2006 has been prepared by IIW, International Institute of Welding, and has been taken
over as EN ISO 10447:2007 by Technical Committee CEN/TC 121 “Welding” the secretariat of which is held
by DIN.

This European Standard shall be given the status of a national standard, either by publication of an identical
text or by endorsement, at the latest by December 2007, and conflicting national standards shall be withdrawn
at the latest by December 2007.

According to the CEN/CENELEC Internal Regulations, the national standards organizations of the following
countries are bound to implement this European Standard: Austria, Belgium, Bulgaria, Cyprus, Czech
Republic, Denmark, Estonia, Finland, France, Germany, Greece, Hungary, Iceland, Ireland, Italy, Latvia,
Lithuania, Luxembourg, Malta, Netherlands, Norway, Poland, Portugal, Romania, Slovakia, Slovenia, Spain,
Sweden, Switzerland and United Kingdom.

Endorsement notice

The text of ISO 10447:2006 has been approved by CEN as a EN ISO 10447:2007 without any modification.

2
INTERNATIONAL ISO
STANDARD 10447

Second edition
2006-07-15

Resistance welding — Peel and chisel

testing of resistance spot and projection
welds
Soudage par résistance — Essais de pelage et de déboutonnage au
burin appliqués aux soudures par résistance par points et par bossages

Reference number
ISO 10447:2006(E)

© ISO 2006
ISO 10447:2006(E)

PDF disclaimer
This PDF file may contain embedded typefaces. In accordance with Adobe's licensing policy, this file may be printed or viewed but
shall not be edited unless the typefaces which are embedded are licensed to and installed on the computer performing the editing. In
downloading this file, parties accept therein the responsibility of not infringing Adobe's licensing policy. The ISO Central Secretariat
accepts no liability in this area.
Adobe is a trademark of Adobe Systems Incorporated.
Details of the software products used to create this PDF file can be found in the General Info relative to the file; the PDF-creation
parameters were optimized for printing. Every care has been taken to ensure that the file is suitable for use by ISO member bodies. In
the unlikely event that a problem relating to it is found, please inform the Central Secretariat at the address given below.

© ISO 2006
All rights reserved. Unless otherwise specified, no part of this publication may be reproduced or utilized in any form or by any means,
electronic or mechanical, including photocopying and microfilm, without permission in writing from either ISO at the address below or
ISO's member body in the country of the requester.
ISO copyright office
Case postale 56 • CH-1211 Geneva 20
Tel. + 41 22 749 01 11
Fax + 41 22 749 09 47
E-mail copyright@iso.org
Web www.iso.org
Published in Switzerland

ii © ISO 2006 – All rights reserved

 ISO 10447:2006(E)

Foreword
ISO (the International Organization for Standardization) is a worldwide federation of national standards bodies
(ISO member bodies). The work of preparing International Standards is normally carried out through ISO
technical committees. Each member body interested in a subject for which a technical committee has been
established has the right to be represented on that committee. International organizations, governmental and
non-governmental, in liaison with ISO, also take part in the work. ISO collaborates closely with the
International Electrotechnical Commission (IEC) on all matters of electrotechnical standardization.

International Standards are drafted in accordance with the rules given in the ISO/IEC Directives, Part 2.

The main task of technical committees is to prepare International Standards. Draft International Standards
adopted by the technical committees are circulated to the member bodies for voting. Publication as an
International Standard requires approval by at least 75 % of the member bodies casting a vote.

Attention is drawn to the possibility that some of the elements of this document may be the subject of patent
rights. ISO shall not be held responsible for identifying any or all such patent rights.

ISO 10447 was prepared by Technical Committee ISO/TC IIW, International Institute of Welding, recognized
as an international standardizing body in the field of welding in accordance with Council Resolution 42/1999.

This second edition cancels and replaces the first edition (ISO 10447:1991), which has been technically
revised.

Requests for official interpretations of any aspect of this International Standard should be directed to the
ISO Central Secretariat, who will forward them to the IIW Secretariat for an official response.

© ISO 2006 – All rights reserved iii

INTERNATIONAL STANDARD ISO 10447:2006(E)

Resistance welding — Peel and chisel testing of resistance spot

and projection welds

1 Scope
This International Standard specifies the procedure and recommended tooling to be used for testing
resistance spot and projection welds by means of peel and chisel tests. It applies to welds made in two or
more sheets in the thickness range of 0,5 mm to 3,0 mm.

The aim of these tests is to determine:

⎯ weld size and failure type when the tests are used as destructive tests, and

⎯ verification of welds when the tests are used as non-destructive tests.

NOTE In the previous edition of this International Standard, seam welds were included. The preferred method of peel
testing seam welds (mechanized peel testing) is now covered in ISO 14270.

2 Normative references
The following referenced documents are indispensable for the application of this document. For dated
references, only the edition cited applies. For undated references, the latest edition of the referenced
document (including any amendments) applies.

ISO 14270, Specimen dimensions and procedure for mechanized peel testing resistance spot, seam and
embossed projection welds

ISO 14329, Resistance welding — Destructive tests of welds — Failure types and geometric measurements
for resistance spot, seam and projection welds

3 Terms and definitions

For the purposes of this document, the terms and definitions given in ISO 14329 and the following apply.

3.1
chisel test
destructive or non-destructive test in which welds are tested by applying a predominantly tensile force that
results in stresses primarily normal to the surface of the joint interface

NOTE The force is applied using a chisel (see Figure 1).

3.2
peel test
destructive test in which welds are tested by applying a peel force that results in stresses primarily normal to
the surface of the joint interface

NOTE The test can be accomplished either manually [see Figure 2 a)], or it can be mechanized using a tensile
testing machine or other suitable mechanized equipment [see Figure 2 b)].

© ISO 2006 – All rights reserved 1

ISO 10447:2006(E)

a) Type 1 b) Type 2 c) Type 3

(Recessed chisel) (One side testing) (Both side testing)

Figure 1 — Chisel routine test on resistance spot and protection welded joints

a) Manual peel test b) Mechanized peel test

Figure 2 — Peel routine test on resistance spot and protection welded joints

4 Test specimens
When used for quality control in production, tests shall be conducted on actual components or specimens
taken from actual components.

When used for setting welding parameters, where it is not practicable to use actual components, separate
welded test pieces may be used. The test pieces shall be produced from the same material as used for the
component, and welded under conditions adapted to simulate and produce the same weld quality as observed
in the component. The effects of different shunt or impedance conditions should be taken into account when
producing the test pieces, by inserting sufficient material in the throat of the machine to approximate the
magnetic effect of the work piece under production conditions.

2 © ISO 2006 – All rights reserved

 ISO 10447:2006(E)

5 Test procedure

5.1 Chisel test

A chisel shall be used to separate the sheets adjacent to the weld under test. Typical chisel designs are
shown in Figures 3 and 4. The chisel geometry should be chosen based on the work piece thickness and
geometry, weld diameter, distance between welds, and whether the weld is to be destructively or
non-destructively tested (see Table 1).

Dimensions in millimetres

a) Chisels for weld diameter < 8 mm

b) Chisels for weld diameter < 13 mm

Key
1 Burr to be removed from all corners

Figure 3 — Typical dimensions of chisels

© ISO 2006 – All rights reserved 3

ISO 10447:2006(E)

Dimensions in millimetres

a) Chisel of type 2-1 (for thickness u 2 mm)

b) Chisel of type 2-2 (for thickness > 2 mm)

Key
1 arbitrary value

Figure 4 — Examples of dimensions of chisels for non-destructive test

Table 1 — Selection of recommended chisels for chisel testing

For testing
Test types
Chisel design (Destructive or Weld diameter Plate thickness
non-destructive) D t
mm mm

Figure 3 a) Both D<8 —

Figure 3 b) Both D < 13 —
Figure 4 a) Non destructive — t u 2,0
Figure 4 b) Non destructive — t > 2,0

4 © ISO 2006 – All rights reserved

 ISO 10447:2006(E)

The slot in the chisels shown in Figure 3 is only necessary if the axis of the chisel is placed at the centre of the
weld.

Normally, the chisel is driven between the sheets manually by a hammer or a pneumatic tool.

NOTE In chisel testing, the results can be influenced by the following factors:

a) chisel shape – dimensions and condition,

b) hammer type – mass and type of blow,

c) test specimen – sheet thickness,

d) position of the weld in relation to the sheet and its edge,

e) position of the chisel relative to the weld, and

f) insertion depth of chisel.

Before a chisel test is implemented in production for non-destructive testing, the effectiveness of this test shall
be verified with destructive tests. The chisel test for non-destructive testing should be used with considerable
caution, especially when used with high strength steels. Joint design and material thickness may also
influence the results.

For the destructive test, a chisel shall be driven between the sheets and adjacent to the weld until fracture
occurs in or adjacent to the weld, or until severe deformation occurs. The aim of this test is to separate the
sheets so that a weld plug or interfacial fracture occurs to allow weld size to be determined. In the case of a
weld between three or more sheets, the test shall be made between each adjacent pair of sheets.

For the non-destructive test, a chisel shall be driven between the sheets and adjacent to the weld until the
material yields or bends near the weld. The aim of this test is to obtain an indication that a weld has been
made without causing fracture to occur in or adjacent to the weld. In the case of a weld between three or more
sheets, the test shall be made between each adjacent pair of sheets. If fracture has not occurred after testing,
the components shall be restored to their original shape.

5.2 Peel test

The peel test is a destructive test for determining weld size and fracture mode of a welded lap joint. The
sheets near the weld shall be slowly peeled apart until all welds under test are completely fractured. A roller
tool, pincers, pliers, vice, or mechanized equipment (see Figures 2 and 5) are typically used. If a roller tool is
used, a diameter of 30 mm is recommended for sheet thicknesses up to 1 mm [see Figure 5 a)]. For testing
using a vice and pliers, see Figure 5 b). For materials that are too thick or too strong to be tested manually,
mechanized equipment is recommended (see ISO 14270). The applied force may be generated by means of
a normal tensile testing machine or other suitable mechanized equipment.

NOTE Fracture mode and plug size can vary depending on the direction of the applied force.

Peel testing may be applied to test specimens cut from production components or welded test pieces.

© ISO 2006 – All rights reserved 5

ISO 10447:2006(E)

a) Example of peel testing using a vice and a roller

Key
1 test piece
2 vice
3 weld
4 peeling direction
5 pliers
b) Example using vice for peel tests

Figure 5 — Manual peel tests

5.3 Measurement of weld size

A destructive chisel test or peel test allows the measurement of the weld size and assessment of the failure
type. In the case of mechanized testing, it may also be possible to measure the force at failure. Mechanized
peel testing shall be performed in accordance with ISO 14270.

The maximum and minimum diameters of the weld (d1 and d2) shall be measured to determine the weld size
[see Figures 6 and 7 b)].

6 © ISO 2006 – All rights reserved

 ISO 10447:2006(E)

a) Symmetrical a

b) Asymmetrical a

c) Partial b

Key
1 interfacial fracture

a d = dp = (d1 + d2)/2.
b d = (d1 + d2)/2 and
dp = (d2 + d3)/2.

Figure 6 — Weld with plug failure

© ISO 2006 – All rights reserved 7

ISO 10447:2006(E)

a) Plug failure

b) Interface failure

Key
1 jaws or knife-edged measuring tool
2 sheared nugget
3 corona bond zone
4 nugget
5 rough fracture zone

a Diameter of the corona.

b Diameter of the nugget.
c d1 or d2.

Figure 7 — Measuring weld diameter

NOTE 1 Precautions should be taken when measuring weld size, particularly when asymmetrical welds are evident.

In the case of plug failure, fracture may occur away from the weld in the parent metal. If possible, this excess
metal should be folded back or removed. If this is not possible, then only one dimension may be measured.
Use a knife-edged gauge or measuring device, as indicated in Figure 7 a), for the measurement of weld
diameters with plug failure. The average diameter of the weld, d, can be calculated from d1 and d2 as follows:

Weld diameter d = (d1 + d2)/2 (1)

8 © ISO 2006 – All rights reserved

 ISO 10447:2006(E)

NOTE 2 When only one dimension is measured, it is considered to be the weld diameter, d.

In the case of partial plug failure, the maximum and minimum plug diameters (d2 and d3) should also be
measured and recorded. The average diameter of the plug, dp, can be calculated as follows:

Plug diameter dp = (d2 + d3)/2 for partial plug failure. (2)

Depending upon the application, for asymmetric welds, the ratio between d1 and d2, shall be specified and
included in the test report.

NOTE 3 The strength of the weld may vary depending on the direction of the applied force when the weld shape is
asymmetric.

Weld diameter dimensions should be rounded down to the nearest 0,1 mm. In the case of an interface failure
[see Figure 7 b)], the weld diameters (d1 and d2) should be measured using a pocket lens or magnifier with an
incorporated scale to determine the edge of the interfacial fracture accurately. If a smooth pressure welded
bond zone (corona bond) is present, only the rough fracture zone shall be measured.

6 Test report
A test report shall include the following:

a) reference to this International Standard;

b) type of test (chisel or peel);

c) description of test equipment;

d) welding process (resistance spot or projection);

e) welding equipment;

f) welding parameters;

g) material information;

h) weld size (d1, d2, d3, d, dp, as needed);

i) ratio of maximum to minimum weld diameters for asymmetric welds, if required;

j) failure mode (symmetrical, asymmetrical, partial, interfacial fracture);

k) other data specified.

© ISO 2006 – All rights reserved 9

ISO 10447:2006(E)

ICS 25.160.40
Price based on 9 pages

© ISO 2006 – All rights reserved