A) Answer: The All India Muslim League, founded in Dhaka in 1906, was one of the most

powerful political parties in British India. The League was a prominent role in the Indian
independence struggle throughout the 1940s. The All India Muslim League was the primary
driving factor behind Pakistan's formation.

It was established to protect the rights of Indian Muslims. The British initially supported the
league, and it was mostly supportive of their authority, but in 1913 it announced India's
independence as its goal. The league did not advocate for the creation of a separate Muslim
state until 1940, when India was due to gain independence. The league fought for a separate
state for India's Muslims because it believed that an independent India would be dominated by
Hindus. The following are some of the reasons why AIML was formed:

1. The India National Congress was predominantly a Hindu group. Its interests clashed with
those of Muslims on a regular basis. By 1906, Muslim leaders had decided that they
required their own political party to represent them on all major occasions.

2. Muslims had fallen far behind Hindus in terms of education and economic growth.
Economic and educational standards can only be enhanced by developing a separate
Muslim organization that can serve Muslims' needs.

3. Sir Syed Ahmed Khan's belief in the existence of Muslims as a separate entity. Muslims
refused to acknowledge that Hindus and Muslims lived in the same country. Religion,
tradition, languages, and culture all have their own individual characteristics. Muslims
had no choice but to form their own political party.

4. The Urdu-Hindu controversy began when Hindus asked that Urdu be substituted as the
official language. Because Congress was the sole major party that supported Urdu, it
officially sided with Hindi and supported the anti-Urdu agitation. As a result, the
necessity of forming a Muslim political party became urgent.

b) Answer: The All India Muslim League was less successful as a contemporary political party in
Pakistan than it had been as a mass-based political organization in British India, and its power
and cohesion waned over time. In the 1954 elections, the Muslim League lost support in East
Pakistan (Bangladesh), and the party subsequently lost authority in West Pakistan (Pakistan).

There were some legitimate reasons why AIML was unable to achieve its political goals until
1940. Its upper-class politicians share some of the same worries as the Muslim majority. The
Muslim League lacked the institutionalization that Congress possessed. Neither the founders
nor the members of the founding committee had any prior political experience. In areas like
Punjab and Sindh, the organization base was a little shaky. The All-India Committee of Action
investigated the Frontier League in June 1944, concluding that there was no organization
worthy of the designation. The Muslim League, like its Congress counterpart, fought to
establish itself as a postcolonial state's political cornerstone. The leadership of the regional
Muslim League was also a source of concern due to their lack of experience. The League was
known for its factionalism, corruption, and cruelty. The elites who spoke Urdu and Bengali had
a schism. "Bengali is a Hinduized and Sanskritized script," the former remained a Jinnah
supporter. In the aftermath, East-West Pakistan relations were dominated by the language
issue, as well as the marginalization of Bengali political authority, which contributed to
Bangladesh's independence in 1971.