Where are they (1)?

Look at these extracts from conversations, notices, etc, and decide where you would hear or
readeach one. Choose from the list in the box. Underline the key words that helpyou
decide your answer. Answers may be used more than once.

At the airport•At a ferry terminal • On a bus• On a cruise ship

On a safariOn a sightseeing tour On the beach On an aircraft
•
•
In a pub or bar•In a hotel•In a museum•In a restaurant
In a taxi•In a theatre•In an Internet cafe

1. (On the phone)

Speake r 1: I'd like to order some food. please.
Speaker 2: Certainly, madam. I'll putyou through to room service.
Speaker 1: Oh, and I don't seem to have any towels.
Speaker 2: I'll gethousekeeping to send some up. Room 501, isn't it?

2. (Notice)This is a residential district. In the interest of our neighbours, customers are politely
requested to keep noise to a minimum when leaving this establishment.

3. All passengers are requested to assemble at the muste r point on deck level 3 for a lifeboat drill at
half past ten. The pool, bars and restaurants will be closed for the duration of the drill. Please
ensure that your cabin doors are securely locked and windows or portholes closed during the drill.

4. Speaker 1: How many bags?

Speaker 2: Just the suitcase to check in. And one piece of hand baggage.
Speake r 1: Did you pack the case yourself?
Speaker 2: I did.
Speaker 1: And could anyone have interfe red with the bag since then?

5. Speaker 1: Good evening, sir. How many?

Speaker 2: Four. but I don't have a reservation .
Speaker 1: That's no problem. Would you like smoking or no smoking?
Speaker 2: I don't mind. Actually, would it be possible to seat us on the terrace?

6. I must ask everyone to stay inside the vehicle, and try not to make too much noise. These animals
are wild, remember, and can be very dangerous. We've arrived at the busiest time of the day for
spotting wildlife, so there's plenty of activity. You can see two hippos on the far side of the water
hole, and....

7. Speaker 1: Could you put your seat up please, madam? We're landing shortly.
Speaker 2: Oh, right.
Speaker 1: And fold your table away as well. And raise the window blind?

8. Speaker 1: I'd like two for tonight's performance, please.

Speaker 2: We've got seats in the stalls for £20, or in the circle for £15.
Speaker 1: Can you see the stage all right from the circle?

9. Your lifejacket is situated under your seat. In the event of an emergency landing on water, place it
over your head, and tie the strings around your waist. To inflate it, pull the orange toggle. There is a
tube to help keep it fully inflated, a light, and a whistle for attracting attention....

60
C Bloomsbury Publishing. For referencesee Diction ary of Leisure, Travel and Tourism (0-7475-7222-4.)
10. Speaker 1: Thank you. What's the fare?
Speaker 2: That's £8.20.
Speaker 1: Here's £10. Keep the change.

11. Speaker 1: Summertown, please.

Speaker 2: Single or return?
Speaker 1: Return .
Speaker 2: That's £1.20.
Speaker 1: Here you are. Could you tell me when we get there please?

12. Speaker 1: A pint of Spitfire and a dry white wine please. Do you serve food?
Speaker 2: We do. There's a list on the board by the door. Find a table, then give me your order
when you're ready
Speaker 1: That's great, thanks.

13. Speaker 1: Excuse me, I asked for w ell done. and this is rare.
Speaker 2: I'm sorry, madam. I'll ask the chef to put it under the grill a bit longer.

14. (On a notice): ½ hour: €1. 1 hour: €1.50. Printing; 10C per sheet. Please be careful not to spill food
or drink on the keyboards. Smoking is strictly prohibited.

15. Directly in front of you are two columns, one with a statue of Saint Mark and one with a statue of
Saint Theodore. Ahead and on your left is the famous Doge's Palace. Directly to our left is Saint
Mark's Basilica, and the campanile on your right. which was completely rebuilt after it collapsed. can
be climbed for a marvellous view of the city.

16. Speaker 1: Day return for one car and five passengers. please.
Speaker 2: If you leave on the next sailing, that will be £65. It's the peak hour, you see. The
sailing after that is off-peak and will only cost you £30. You'll have to wait about an hour.
Speaker 1: OK, we'll take the second sailing. Is there somewhere here we can get a coffee?
Speaker 2: There's a cafe on the far side of the harbour.

17. Speaker 1: Two adults and two children please.

Speaker 2: That's £7 please. Would you like a guide? They're free.
Speaker 1: Yes please. We're particularly interested in the Egypt ian section. Where is that?
Speake r 2 : On this floor. go past the gift shop and the portrait gallery and turn left just before you
get to the natural history section .

18. Speaker 1: How much do the deckchairs cost?

Speaker 2: €2 per hour, or €10 for the whole day. Umbrellas are €1 per hour or €5 for the day.

19. Speaker 1: What would you recommend with that, the Chablis or the Riesling?
Speaker 2: I'll getthe sommelier for you sir.
Speaker 1: Thank you. And could we have some water?
Speaker 2: Certainly. Still or sparkling?

20. Speaker 1: Please take off your coat and remove all metallic objects from your pocket.
Speaker 2: And take off my watch?
Speaker 1: Yes please. You can put everything in one of these trays.

Also see Where are they 2? on the next page

61
C Bloomsbury Publishing. For reference see Dictionary of Leisure, Travel and Tourism (0-7475-7ll2-4).
 Where are they 2?
Look at these extracts from conversations, notices, etc, and decide where you would hear or
read each one. Choose from the list in the box. Underline the key words that help you decide
your answer.

1. Hello everyone, this is your captain speaking. Well, we' re making good progress despite a
strong headwind and yesterday's storm . Sailing condit ions are generally much calmer today , but
things might get a bit choppy later this evening when we enter the Kalamar Strai ts. Winds are
sout herly, force 3 to 4, and there's a good chance...

2. Speake r 1 : Window or aisle?

Speaker 2: Aisle, please.
Speaker 1: There you are. 25C. Your gate number is 80. Watch the screens for a boarding time.

3. Speaker 1: Good afternoon, madam. Do you have a reservation?

Speaker 2: Yes, a double for two nights. The name's Gruchy.
Speake r 1: Thank you, Ms Gruchy. Here's your key. Take the lift to the third floor. The porter
will bring your bags.

4. (On a sign) Guests are reminded that they should check out by midday on the day they leave.

5. Speaker 1: How do I get on-line?

Speaker 2: Well, first of all you need to enter the password we gave you, then click on 'New user'.
and then double-click on the 'Wannasurf ' icon on the left of your screen.

6. Speaker 1: Don't drop that camera: you don't want to get sand in it. And keep it away from the
water: if it gets saltwater in it, it'll never work again. And don 't leave it lying around in the hot sun.
And try not to get any suncream on it.
Speaker 2: Oh dear, perhaps I should just take it back to the hotel.

7. This is the minibar, and here's the menu and price list. There's a safe in the wardrobe, but we
recommend that you leave extremely valuable items in one of the safety deposit boxes at
reception. Here's your phone. To get reception, press 0, to get an outside line, press 9. There's a
computer internet port by the television, and...

8. Speaker 1: Two bottles of Bud,

please. Speaker 2: Are you both 18?
Speaker 1: Yes.
Speaker 2: I'll need to see some form of ID please.

9. In the unlikely event of a sudden drop in cabin pressure, oxygen masks wi ll automatically drop from
the overhead compartments. Pull the mask towards you, fasten it using the strap, and breathe
normally. Make sure you own mask is fully attached before helping....

62
O Bloomsbury Publishing. for reference see Dictionary of Leisure, Travel and Tourism ( 7475-7222-4).
10. (On the phone)
Speaker 1: Would you mind making a little less noise, please? It is rather late and the other guests
are complaining that they can't sleep.
Speaker 2: Oh, I'm sorry. Of course we'll keep the noise down .
Speaker 1: Thank you sir.

11. Speaker 1: Do you allow children in here?

Speaker 2; Yes, until seven o'clock. After that, there's a special family room at the back.
Speaker 1: And do you have a no smoking section?
Speaker 2: Yes, the family room is no smoking . And we don't allow it at the bar.

12. Good morning ladies and gentlemen. I'm your captain John Grindon, and together with my first
officer Tim Rogers I'll be taking you on the first leg of this flight to Wellington. We're currently
waiting for clearance for the tower, and despite a slight delay we won't miss our slot.

13. Speaker 1: Excuse me, what are all of these extra charges on my bill for?
Speaker 2: That first one is a $5 cover charge, the second one is a 15% service charge and the third
one is an 18% VAT charge.
Speaker 1: And the fourth one?
Speaker 2: That's a special $10 charge for the spoon you put in your pocket earlier.

14. Could I ask everyone to stay together and not to wander off? It can get very busy here at this time
of the day. If anyone gets separated from the group, go and wait by the cathedral entrance and I'll
come to look for you. We've got a busy itinerary today, so let's get started.

15. You have a choice of two crossings. There's a normal roll-on-roll-off service at nine o'clock, and a
hovercraft service at ten o'clock . The hovercraft is more expensive, but it's much quicker.

16. Speaker 1: Could you put the meter on please?

Speaker 2: I'm sorry, it's broken. It doesn't
work.
Speaker 1: In that case, I want you to stop and let me out.
Speaker 2: Oh, I've just remembered. It does work . I had it fixed this morning. Silly me .

17. Speaker 1: Please put that back into the display case, madam . We don't allow visitors to touch the
exhibits.
Speaker 2: But it's so beautiful. Whoops, butter fingers, I've dropped it!
Speaker 1: Oh no! That's a Chin Dynasty vase. It's over fifteen hundred years old .
Speaker 2: Oh well, at least it wasn't new.

18. Speaker 1: This is a terrible seat. I can't see the stage very well from here.
Speaker 2: Well, why don't you ask to change before the curtain goes up?
Speaker 1: It's already going up. I'll have to wait for the interval now.
Speaker 3: Shhhh! It's starting.

19. This place is a fleapit. The air-conditioning doesn't work, I can't open the balcony door, there's a
horrible smell coming from the plumbing, the walls are paper-thin, the mattress is lumpy, the sheets
are damp, the pillow has mould growing on it and there' s a dead cockroach in the wardrobe.

63
C Bloomsbury Publishing. For reference see Dictionaryof Leisure, Travel and Tourism (0-7475-7222-4).
 What has gone wrong?
Look at the situations and what the people are saying on the next two pages, and decide
what has happened in each case. Complete each situation with an appropriate word from the
first box. You do not need all of the words in the box.

broken• bumped diverted • burnt cancelled•dd+• 9ed

delayed• misinformed mugged • double-booked • killed•lost
re-routed•
•opened•overcharged•overlooked poisoned•robbed•run over / knocked down (by a car)
short-changed•stolen•undercharged•undercooked

Situation 1: A customer in a restaurant is talking to a waiter:

° I asked for it to be well-done. but this is rafie. In fact, it's
almost raw!° His food has been

Situation 2: The same customer is talking to the waiter again:

"I think there's a mistake on my bill. I didn'r order dia/f of r/iese things°.
He has been

Situation 3: An airline passenger is at the airport:

°We wefie supposed to take off an hour ago. I keep checking the boards for information,
but all it says is '\'Vait in lounge'. ”
Her flight has been

Situation 4: An airline passenger is talking to a member of the airline's ground-crew stafi:

"Look, I've got two baggage checks, so where's my second items I‘ve been waiting here for
half an hour and it hasn’t come through on the luggage carousel. "
Some of his luggage has been

Situation 5. A tourist is talking to a police officer:

”I was walking back to my hotel when someone hit me on the head and stole my wallet'
The tourist has been

Situation 6: A hotel receptionist is talking to a customer.

° I’m sorry. madam, I don't know how it happened. but it looks like the room you reserved has
been given to someone else” .
The customer's room has been

Situation 7: A train passenger is complaining to a member of railway staff.

' Your ric£et booking office told me thar the train leaves at nine o'clock every morning. but
when I got to the station, I discovered it leaves at half past eight' .
The passenger has been

54
 Situation 8: An airline passenger is calling her family from an aircraft phone.
” We can't land at O'Hare because of the snow, so they're flying us on to Des Moines and then
putting us on a bus° .
The passenger’s flight has been because of bad weather.

Situation 9: A passenger in a taxi is complaining to the driver.

"According fa your merer, the fare thorn the airport is €l 8. I gave you a £50 note, and
you've only given me 'E20 back. °
The taxi driver has his passenger.

Situation 10: A woman is at the doctor.

" I'm getting continual stomach cramps, I've got awful diarrhoea and I can't stop smiting. It must have been the
shellfish I had for dinner last night. I thought it tasted strange°
The woman has been by eating bad seafood.

Situation 11: A customer in a bar is talking to the barman.

" I only put the mobile down on the table for a few momeni:s, and when I next looked it had gone. Are you
sure you didn't see anything? °
The customer's mobile phone has (probably) been

Situation 12: A man is at the chemist.

” I didn't realise how strong the sun was. I fell asleep, and when I woke up I was red and sore from head to toe.
Can you give me something to help it?”
He has been by the sun.

Situation 13: A hotel 9uest is talking to the hotel manager.

° When I got back to my room, I discovered that my safe had been broken into. and my passport and money
stolen’ .
The guest’s hotel room has been

Situation 14. A hotel guest is complaining to the hotel’s laundry manager.

" This suit was in perfect condition when I gave it to you to be washed. Now there are three buttons missing and
a large tear in one of the jacket sleeves° .
The guest's suit has been

Situation 15: An airline passenger is talking to the check-in assistant.

"I have a valid ticket for this flight, and I’m in plenty of rime to check in. so why are you
letting me there are no seats available?"
The passenger has been by the airline.

o gl»omsbury Publishing. ror reference w 0ic»<narx <f ‹eisure. rra••f and rouram (o7475-7ZZ2-*).
Thank you for using www.freepdfconvert.com service!

Only two pages are converted. Please Sign Up to convert all pages.

https://www.freepdfconvert.com/membership

Travel by sea and river - cruises and ferries

 6 1 Reading Information about a cruise
;
'E A The following text gives information to passengers going on a cruise. Some of the
,2! sentences have been removed. Read the te>-.1 and the n look at B.
1
IO
"Q
I'
Your holiday questions answered
·"'
. ;
ti
I
es ofse
exercise
nd-o ff and
fromkeep-fit
the pierclasses,
side., _you'll _ we have ample facilities for those who wish tostay in shape. Another reassuring fact is that all ou
_ _ find
onal
'C:
ete wit h doctol'5
"tJ
and nurses. 7_
C:
e sitting you'd prefer, the table size you'd like. Where there is particularly heavy demand for one sitting , tables will be allocated in order of b
Ill

="'
ou'll find a good selection of books, both fact and

1;=
nd gluten- free meals. 3In
ates and
ders a cash-free system
to give you the on board.
best s_ _service,
possible _ _ please let us know your needs three to four weeks in advance.

dock,
and weallowing you to comedaily
therefore·providea andprogramme
go as you please. Sometimes,
for children. in s maller
4For children agedports,
twotheship
to will anchor at sea. to _
mauran ts,bars
9 a.m. to 10and
p.m.other
5Thisfacilities
operateswill be available to you.
n baby listening facility.
ffer a comprehensive range of full- and half-day tours at most ports. We will send you full details about six weeks beforeyou sail. 11 Swttntt a If y
ts of necessitiesyou may have forgotten to bring
you may not expect, however, isthe dazzling array of luxury items. 6 _ _ _ _
34
 B The sentences be.low have been removed rrom the text. Rea d the text again
and put them into thecorrect places. The first one has been done for
you.
a .Advantt bool":ing is ruammtndea, though Mfural/y you can boo,-; Qt tht tour,offia onboard.
b And every day a copy of the ship's newspaper will be delivered to your
cabin to keepyou up to date with all the activities on board.
c Treatmeht ischarged at private rates, but you'll find that in most cases you
will be covered byyour holiday insurance .
d But for security reasons, visitors are not permitted on board Arcadia, Canbem:1,
Victoria, or Oriana,o r in the passenger ter minal.
e All your purchases can be signed for and your account can be settled
bycredit card, chargecard, or cash at the end of your cruise.
f Fine perfumes, cameras, personal stereos, and evening wear can all be
bought on board at tempting shipboard pr ices .
g Kosher food can also be provided.
h Please remember that tables for two are extremely limited and cannot be
guaran teed.
At the start ofyour holiday you'll be invited to an informal meeting where our
6
Youth Staff will exp lain the facilities in detail.
j Jn this case,a rree shuttleservice ashore will be provided.
k Children under five can also be left in our supervised night nurse ry.

2 Passive tense review

A You have been asked to write the 'welcome aboard' notice for passengers at
the beginning of a cruise on the Ramada Diamond. Complete the
paragraphs below using the notesand the tenses indicated. The first one has
been done for you i..n each case.
a present perfect (activeor passive)
ship/completely modernize
1ht 61,;p bun wmplMtly modemizea.
the restaurants/extensively redecorate
fitn ess centre/open/DeckC
we/also/build/new pool/upper deck
b sim ple present (active 01:
passive) breakfast/serve daily /fro
m 7- 1l ruii:fast is served daily
from7-11.
The main restaurant s/o pen/at midday/close/ 12.30
a.m. We/offer/24 -ho ur room service
Please note /small charge /make / for this
c willfuture (active or passive}
You/have the chance/go ashore/shopping or
sightseeing You will havt- tht- t hantt- to90 ashore for
M10ppi"9 or si9htr.uit19. P assengers/take/to the
port/byspeedboat
You/collect/ 6.30 p.m.
we/set sail again at 9.00 p.m.
d simple past (activeor passive)
one of the passengers/get /hold up /d uring a shore visit
Ont of tht passengers got htld upduring a $hort VIM.
As a resul t/ be/ le ave behind
we/have to/set sail/without rum
fortunately/he/pick up/next portofcall

35
 B Now use the paragraphs you have written above to complete the text of the
'welcome aboard ' notice.

Welcome aboard
l Ladie5 and gentlemen, welcome aboard the Ramada Diamond and to our
cruise of the Caribbean. Ifyou have sailed with us before, you will notice that
the ship (7<J6 bun wmpfele-f:t modemiua,

2 Wesincerely hope that you will enjoy the gourmet food we provide and
would like to remind you of mealtimes in the main restaurants ...

6 3 Our first port of call will be St Lucia on Wednesday .

4 Please note: may we remind you of the importance of pick-up time s , as there
was an unfort unate incident on one of our recent cru ises.

We trust that this will not happen to you and hope you have an enjoyable cruise.

C A tour operator is talking to a colleague about a disastrous cruise. Read what

he says and rewrite the information using the passive in the appropriate
tense. The first one has been done for you.
'Ct's been terri ble. Apparently, yesterday, at the start of the cruise theywere
still redecorating the sh ip - and in fact the last1heard was that theyarestill
painting the cabins and haveonly opened one of the restaurantS. Everyone is
furious with the company, but you can't blame them - they could n' t delay the
start of the cruise because the contractors hadn't told them about the
problems. I think our clients will be OK because they usually compensate
•
passengers for this sort of thing, but they' ll definitely fine the company.'

l The ship/redecorate
11it ship was slill being rtdecorqtuf
2 The cabins/st ill/pain t

3 O nly one of the restauran

ts/open 4 The start of the

cruise/ not delay 5

They/tell/about the problems

I
6 Passengers/compensate/this sort of thin

g 7 The co mpany / de finitely/fine

36
3 Issuing tickets

Read the following dialogue.Choose the correct option from the words in
italics. The first one has been done foryou.

CUSTOMliR Could you give me 1 some/an information about boats to

Cf.ERK Paxos? Yes, when wouJd you like to go?
CU ? After tomorrow/Tire day after tomorrow .
STOMER There's a hydrofoil-the Pegasus, which leaves at 11.30
CLERK
every day 3 except/apartSunday. It gets 4 in/toPrucos at
2.30, and stops at Lakka and Gaio s.
How much 5 are/cost the tickets?
C USTOM l!R An adult 6 fare/feeis 5,000 d
CLERK rachmas . Is that 7 one-
CUSTOME way/singleor return?
R CLERK Return. 6
CUSTOME And is there any reduction for children?
R CLERK Yes, there 's a discou nt of 50% for children from five to sixteen,
and under-fives are free.
CUSTOME Do you have to book in 8 ahead/advance?
R CLERK No, you can get tickets on 9 board/ship.
CUSTOMr. How long is the journey?
R CLERK It dependsa bit on the weather, but it usually IO
needs/takestwo and a half hours.

4 Forms of the future

A Will or presentsimple?
Read the following sentences. In each sentence, put one of the verbs into the
will
future and the other into the presentsimple.
I [_ _ _ _ ( giv e) yo u a ring as soon as the tickets (arve).
2 A motor launch_________(take) passengers asho re when the ship
_ _ _ _ (arrive) at Grenada .
3 I ( ive) your message to the captain before he
(leave).
4 I __________( co ntact ) you before I (cnfir m) the booking.
5 When we (get) to Luxor, we (visit) the temple
of Karnak.
B Will or going to?
Fill in the blanks with will or the correct form of going to.
1 a Have you organized your summer holidayyet?
b Yes, we___________go on a cruise round the Greek Islands.
2 a Do you know if there are still any places on the excursion to Abu
Simbel?
b I'm not sure- [ have a word with the purser and let you
know. 3 a I_____get another film from the shop. Do you need anything?
b No thanks. See you later.
4 a What do you need your passport for?
bI chageomtrealler's cheques.
5 a I'm a bit worried about leavingthese valuables in the cabin . 37
b Of course, madam. We keep them for you in the safeif you

l
like.

l.
6 Vocabulary Hotels and cruise ship s

Read the two texts below. One describes a hoteland the other describes a
ship. Put the words in the box into the correct spaces in the texts.The first
one has been done for you.
cabin service
chain check in checkou crew
deck
disembar double t embark fleet
floor
k guests rooms porthole staff
two-berth
window passengers
cabins
room service

a Th e Phoriecia is th e latest addition to our world -famo us 1 d,qin o fl uxury

ho tels. It bas over I00 fullyequipped 2 ,andahhas a
large
3___________with a wonderful view of the sea. The facilities include a

gymnasium, a cinema, a ballroom, and on the top 4 there is

a sun garden and swimming pool. There are three restaurants, and we also
offer twency-four-ho ur 5 .From the moment you 6 _________, the
7__________will be on hand to look after your every need. We pride ourselves

on putting our 8_ _ _ _ first, and are sure that when you 9________, you
will want to return.

b The Phonecia is the latest addition to our world-famous lO________of

luxury liners. It has over 100 fullyequip ped ll__________, and each has a large
12__________with a wonderful view of the sea. The facilities include a

gymnasium, a cinema, a ballioom, and on the top 13________there is a sun

garden and swimming pool. There are three restaurants, and we also
offer twenty-four-hour 14 _ _ _ _ . From the moment you IS
,t
e
1 will be on hand to look after yourevery need. We pride ourselves
on putting our 17___________first, and are sure thatwhen you 18 _
you will want to retu rn .

7 Writing A cruise ship

Look at th e design of this new cru ise ship. Yo u have been asked to write
some publicity material describing what the ship will be likeand the facilities
it will offer. Use your own ideas.
Tnt uneratd Star, whidi i& wrrently bein9 built ilt be the moM lwwriOU!, croiu liner
intort4w.
tvtr built. It wilt have ...
 Infinitive - Full or bare infinitive
1. Insert to where necessary before the infinitives in brackets.
1. He made me (do) it all over again.
2. She can (sing) quite well.
3. He will be able (swim) very soon.
4. I used (live) in a caravan.
5. You ought (go) today. It may (rain) tomorrow.
6. You needn't (say) anything. Just nod your head and he will (understand).
7. I want (see) the house where our president was born.
8. He made her (repeat) the message.
9. May I (use) your phone?
10. You needn't (ask) for permission; you can (use) it whenever you like.
11. If you want (get) there before dark you should (start) at once.
12. I couldn't (remember) his address.
13. You'll be able (do) it yourself when you are older.
14. Would you like (go) now or shall we (wait) till the end?
15. They won't let us (leave) the Customs shed till our luggage has been examined.
16. How dare you (open) my letters!
17. He didn't dare (argue) with his boss.
18. I used (smoke) forty cigarettes a day.
19. Will you help me (move) the bookcase?
20. He wouldn't let my baby (play) with his gold watch.
21. They refused (accept) the bribe.
22. He is expected (arrive) in a few days.
23. Please let me (know) your decision as soon as possible.
24. He made us (wait) for hours.
25. Could you (tell) me the time, please?
26. We must (send) him a telegram.
27. I let him (go) early as he wanted (meet) his wife.
28. Where would you like (have) lunch?
29. You can (leave) your dog with us if you don't (want) (take) him with you.
30. I'd like him (go) to a university but I can't (make) him (go).
31. We could (go) to a concert, unless you'd prefer (visit) a museum.
32. You seem (know) this area very well. ~ Yes, I used (live) here.
33. The kidnappers told the parents (not inform) the police, and the parents didn't dare (disobey).
34. Need I (come)? I'd much rather (stay) at home.
35. You can (take) a horse to water but you can't (make) him (drink). (proverb)
36. I'm sorry (disappoint) you but I can't (let) you (have) any more money till the end of the month.

2. Insert to where necessary before the infinitives in brackets.

1. It is easy (be) wise after the event.
2. Do you (wish) (make) a complaint?
3. We don't (want) anybody (know) that we are here.
4. If you can't (remember) his number you'd better (look) it up.
5. I want her (learn) Esperanto; I think everybody ought to (know) it?
6. He is said (be) the best surgeon in the country.
7. Visitors are asked (not feed) the animals.
8. Could I (see) Mr Pitt, please?- I'm afraid Mr. Pitt isn't in. Would you like (speak) to his secretary'
9. It's better (travel) hopefully than (arrive). (proverb)
10. He should (know) how (use) the film projector, but if he doesn't, we had better (show) him.
11. He was made (sign) a paper admitting his guilt.
12. I heard the door (open) and saw a shadow (move) across the floor.
13. He tried (make) me (believe) that he was my stepbrother.
14. As we seem (have missed) the train we may as well (go) back to the house.
15. I felt the house (shake) with the explosion,
16. He told me (try) (come) early.
17. Before he let us (go) he made us (promise) (not tell) anyone what he had seen.
18. Would you (like) (come) in my car? ~ No, thanks. I'd rather (walk).
19. I advised him (ask) the bus conductor (tell) him where (get) off.
20. It is better (put) your money in a bank than (keep) it under your bed in an old stocking.
21. He doesn't even bother (read) letters, let alone (answer) them.
22. The bank robbers made the cashier (show) them how (open) the safe.
23.If you knew he was wrong, why didn't you (say) something? ~ I didn't like (say) anything because he
always gets angry if you contradict him.
24. It's better (be) sure than sorry.
25. What do you (want) me (tell) him? ~Tell him that any time he cares (call) I shall be delighted
(discuss) the matter with him.
26. Did you remember (give) him the money? ~ No, I didn't, I still have it in my pocket; but I'll (see) him
tonight and I promise (not forget) this time.
27. I saw the driver (open) his window and (throw) a box into the bushes.
28. That is far too heavy for one person (carry); let me (help) you.
29. I was afraid (pick) up the revolver as I don't know how (handle) firearms.
30. I saw the plane (crash) into the hill and (burst) into flames.
31. There is nothing (do) but (wait) till somebody comes (let) us out.
32. He heard a cock (crow) in a neighbouring village.
33. You may as well (tell) us the truth. It will (be) easy (check) your story.
34. The American said he had seen nine presidents (come) and (go). ~ He must (be) a very old man.
35. It is up to you (learn) the laws of your own country.
36. Would you rather (be) more stupid than you look or (look) more stupid than you are?

Infinitive represented by to
In each of the following pairs of sentences an infinitive used in the first sentence is repeated in the second. Read the
sentences, expressing this second infinitive by to only. Note that where the second infinitive has an object, this word/phrase
must be omitted.
Why didn't you tell me the truth the first time?-
I meant to tell you the truth but I was too frightened.
I meant to but I was too frightened.

1. Did you visit the Pyramids? ~ No, I wanted to visit them but there wasn't time.
2. Why do you wear dark glasses? ~ I have to wear them; I have weak eyes.
3. Do you smoke? ~ No, I used to smoke but I don't now.
4. Would you like to go to the theatre tonight? ~ Yes, I'd love to go to the theatre.
5. Why didn't you pay the bill for him? ~ I offered to pay it but he refused.
6. Have you put the car in the garage? ~ No, but I'm just going to put it there.
7. I want you two to apologize to each other. ~ Well, I am willing to apologize if he apologizes first.
8. Did you reserve seats on the train? ~ No. I tried to reserve them but they had all been booked already.
9. Did you answer the letter? ~ No, I intended to answer it but I'm afraid I forgot.
10. Why didn't you hit him? ~ I was afraid to hit him.
11. I'd love to spend a night in a haunted room. ~ I'd hate to spend a night in a haunted room.
12. Why didn't you ask your father for the money? ~ I didn't like to ask him.
13. Did you get a chance to fly the airplane yourself? ~ No, I wanted to fly it but the pilot wouldn't let me.
14. Why doesn't he punish his boys when they disobey him? ~ He often threatens to punish them but he
never actually does so.
15. Why didn't he repair the car himself? ~ He wasn't able to repair it.
16. I used to drink whisky with my meals. ~I used to drink whisky with my meals also but I don't now.
17. Did you buy sausages?~ No, I meant to buy them but I forgot.
18. Why doesn't he try again?~ He doesn't want to try again.
19. You should visit the Prado when you are in Madrid.~Yes. I intend to visit it.
20. Why doesn't he play games? ~His mother doesn't want him to play games.
21. You ought to stop work now. ~Yes, I am just going to stop.
22. Why do some jockeys carry extra weights?~ They are obliged to carry them by the regulations.
23. Did he help you?~ No, I asked him to help me but he said he hadn't time.
24. You should have thanked her before you left. ~ I meant to thank her but when I was going I
couldn't find her anywhere.
25. Why did she put parsley in the soup?~ I told her to put it in.
26. Why didn't he report it to the police?~ He was afraid to report it. He didn't think they'd believe him.
27. Why did he drive so fast? ~He had to drive fast; otherwise he'd have missed his train.
28. You used to like rice pudding. ~Yes, I know I used to like it but I don't now.
29. Why didn't you buy the car? ~ I was advised not to buy it.
30. I hope the children won't go near the water. ~ I warned them not to go near it.
 Travel by road and rail

7 1 Talking about preferences

'! Look at these sentences.

"O
C
1 prefer train travel to coach travel be.cause it's much more
l'O
"C
com fortable. I'd rather take the8.15 than the 9.07because I
l'O want to get to work earlier. I prefer spending the night in
2 guest-houses to stayingin hotels.
.
t I'd rather move 011 now than stay here foranother night.
1 In which sentences is the speaker talking about:
l'O
a a specific choice?
b a general preference?
Writesen tencesor short paragraphs answering the following
questions using your own ideas. Begin with Ia ratheror I preferand
give reasons for your answers. The first one has been done for
you.
I Wo uld you like to work for yourself or for a big travel agency?Why?
I'd rgthtr wort: for q l?to trqvel<igtO?y thqn for rorr,elfbuauM, I'd bt ablt tolearn
more
abouf fhr,busine,ps and lhtn maybe I mi!Jht Ii /: lo
starf air own (.()mpgflj
2 On the whole, what do you like more - trains or
coaches? Why?

3 On you r next holiday,would you like to stay in a city or in the cou

ntry ?Why?

4 ln general, do you like to travel by car or using

public transport?

5 If you went to the USwould you rather have a rail passor

a Greyho und bus pass?

2 Vocabulary Road and railtravel

Look at th is word train. The words are connected like th e

carriages ofa train - the last le tter of one word is the firs t letter
of the next. Most of the words are related to road and rail travel,
altho ugh there are also some general tourism words and some
adjectives for describing characteristics. Clues are listed
opposite. The first one has been done for you.

10
 ! '

-cl
Clues
l section ofa train carriage (I I )
14 secure container in which you
2 metal Une of rails (5) can leave your suitcase or bag
3 small metal objects for {two words: 7,6)
starting or locking a car (4) 15 part ofa train where meals are served
4 the oldest trains used this ( two words: 10,3)
form
16 ticket from one place to another
of power (5)
and back ( two words: 6,6)
S diagram showing the position
17 car with driver that you can hfre
of
{two words: 4,3)
towns, roads, villages, etc. (3)
18 snack bar in a railway station or
6 pavement in a station next to
on a train (6)
the track (8)
19 underground p age through which
7 distance travelled in miles (7)
a train or carcan travel (6)
8 full of energy (9)
20 large luxurious car (9)
9 sleeping berth on a train (9)
21 moving stairs (9)
lO machine that drives the train
22 snacks and drinks (12)
(6) 11 wayout(4)
23 train which has beds (7)
12 device in lorryshowing
24 special card which allows
detailsof distance travelled
someone to travel free or cheap ly
and timeof journey{10)
(twowords: 4,4)
13 building where travellers can
rent a room for the night (5)

3
. ..... Comparing and contrasting

A Join up the statements in a with the statements in b to make a complete sentence.

The first one bas been donefor you.
a 6-vtn though tht £bath to adrid was ve.ry theap,
Not onlydoyou get cheaper travel with a rail pass,
If you travel in lowseason, it's usually much cheaper;
Even though there wasn't much snow,
She had a great time travelling round
Europe, Suzi Cars only hireout small cars,
Although the flight time from London to Paris is short,
On the one hand, theferries are
veryregular, b on the other hand, they
are very slow . whereas Hertz havea full
range of vehklcs.
we had a really good skiing holiday.
I don't thinKw e'd do thatjoumty
49ain. what's more, you avoid
the crowds. but you also get
discou nts in hotels. in spite of
the weather.
it can take ages to get to and from the airport

I
7 Negative prefixes

A Match each negative prefuc in the middle with the correct group of adjectives on
the o utside. Then add a negative ad jective of your own to each group.
_comforta ble
_pleasant _ p ract ica l
_acceptable I) lj ()_polite
_patient

_legal
_ ratio na l
_leg ib le
_literate 4 _regular
_ relevan t

_c ou rte o us _accurate
_ honest ) _co m pe te nt
_orga n ized I ) ! _ca pa ble
•

B Read the following sentences. Fill in the blanks with one of the negative
adjectives from A. So met imes more than one answer may be possible. The
first one has been done for you .
1 Passe nger s are remin ded that it is illeoal to bring pets or other
animals into the UK, and that the punishment for anyone doing so issevere.
2 The whole tour wascompletely_____________ . The rep was not
there to meet us, the hotel was overbooked, and nobody knew what
was happen ing.
3 Could you change the bed in my room? It was so____________that I
didn'tgetanysleep last night.
4 The description of the facilities in your motorhomes is totally
_ _ _ _ _ _ _ , and I suggest you get the errors corrected assoon as
possible.
5 I'm not complaining about the colour of the car - that is _
What I am complaining about isthe fact that it is not safe to drive.
6 You r;mnot S(.'rious.ly eirp r..( t mywife- a n d T and 011r fN1r childr en to sleep
in a single room. That is a completely suggestion.
 Tickets, reservations, and insurance

1 Vocabulary Numbers
Write down howyou would say the underlined numbers in each of the
following pairsof sentences. The first one has been done foryou.
l a There's an afternoon flight that gets in at .
b The surcharges mean the cost will go up by -
1:ightun 1we.n1y-fivr, ·
ti9hteeo point two fivt w:cent
2 a My office number is 6716745.
b The population of the city is 6,716.745.

3 a 12.8742 divided by 2.58 :::

b The cost per person is only M,.22.

4 a We opened an office in New York in 1997.

b The exact distance between the cities isL22Zkm.

5 a The average temperarure in Greece this month is

b In the last five years, our turnover has increased by -

6 a I usually start work at

b1.12
plus 6.33 equals Li-1,

7 a A square inch is2.illsquare centimetre.s

b We have exactly customers on our mailing list.
6 Describing events in the past

A Read this extract from an insuranceclaim. Put the verbs in brackets into
the simple past, past perfect, or past continuous .The first one has been
done for you.
I am f.urly sure that the theft 1 tooK ( take) place while 2________(have)
breakfast In fact, on my way back to the room, l 3________(pass) a man who
was about twenty-five yearsold who 4_________(behave) rather strangely,and
who 5 (hold) some sort of bagin hls hand. Anyway, as soon as I
6__________(get) to my room, [ 7_________(knew) at once that someone
8_ _ _ _ (be) in there- the drawer9________(lie) on the floorand my
traveller's chequesand passport IO________(steal). Then, while I
Il_ _ _ _ (loo k) aro und, I 12 (reali ze) that the souvenirs
and presents J 13_______( b uy) the daybefore were missing as well.

B Complete each of rhe following senten ces in three different ways, using your
own ideas. Write sentences using the simple past, past continuous, and
past perfect. The first one has been done for you.
I When the coach broke down . . . wt hadjust passed d small viflagt.
. . . wt wert drMng from&renada to fv1alt19a.
. . . tht drivtr phot>ed thetompany.
2 When I finally got to the airpor t

3 Wh en the fire br o ke out

4 When the police arrived at the hotel

7 Writing An accident

Look at the following pictures. Write .i repor t for an insuranc e company

ex.pla ining how the accide nt happened and what you lost, giving as much detail
as possible.
 The gerund

1. Put the verbs in brackets into the gerund.

1. He gave up (gamble).
2. Try to avoid (make) him angry.
3. Stop (argue) and start (work).
4. The children prefer (watch) TV to (read).
5. I am against (make) any complaints.
6. It's no use (cry) over spilt milk. {proverb)
7. I suggest (hold) another meeting next week.
8. He finished (speak) and sat down.
9. He was fined for (drive) without lights.
10. It is difficult to get used to (eat) with chopsticks.
11. if you can't turn the key try (put) some oil in the lock.
12. He lost no time in (get) down to work.
13. You can't make an omelette without (break) eggs. (proverb)
14. We are looking forward to (read) your new book.
15. They escaped by (slide) down ropes made of blankets.
16. They don't allow (smoke) in here.
17. He is thinking of (leave) his job and (go) to America.
18. After (read) this article you will give up (smoke).
19. If you put your money into that business you risk (lose) every penny.
20. Imagine (live) with someone who never stops (talk).
21. Is there anything here worth (buy)?
22. He was accused of (leak) classified information to the press.
23. You'd better consult your lawyer before (decide) to buy the property.
24. I don't enjoy (go) to the dentist.
25. Would you mind (put) your pet snake somewhere else?
26. The hostages were rescued without a shot (be) fired.
27. By (work) day and night he succeeded in (finish) the job in time.
28. He has a scheme for (make) grass grow in winter.
29. I don't feel like (work); what about (go) to a disco instead?
30. Would you mind (write) your name and address on the back of the cheque?
31. If a thing is worth (do) at all it is worth (do) well. (proverb)
32. I hate (borrow) money.
33. He was furious at (be) mistaken for an escaped convict.
34. After (talk) for ten minutes I succeeded in (convince) him that there was no danger.
35. I remember (read) a review of that book and (think) I'd like to get it.
36. As a result of (listen) at keyholes he learnt many facts which he had no
hesitation in (use) to his own advantage.

2. Gerund and infinitive. Put the verbs in brackets into the correct form (gerund or infinitive)
1. I am looking forward to (see) you.
2. He dreads (have) to retire.
3. I arranged (meet) them here.
4. He urged us (work) faster.
5. I wish (see) the manager.
6. It's no use (wait).
7. He warned her (not touch) the wire.
8. Don't forget (lock) the door before (go) to bed.
9. My mother told me (not speak) to anyone about it.
10. I can't understand her (behave) like that.
11. He tried (explain) but she refused (listen).
12. At dinner she annoyed me by (smoke) between the courses.
13. You are expected (know) the safety regulations of the college.
14. He decided (disguise) himself by (dress) as a woman.
15. lam prepared (wait) here all night if necessary.
16. Would you mind (show) me how (work) the lift?
17. After (walk) for three hours we stopped to let the others (catch with us.
18. I am beginning (understand) what you mean.
19. He was fined for (exceed) the speed limit.
20. The boys like (play) games but hate (do) lessons.
21. I regret (inform) you that your application has been refused.
22. I couldn't help (overhear) what you said.
23. Mrs Jones: I don't allow (smoke) in my drawing-room.

24. He surprised us all by (go) away without (say) 'Good-bye'.

25. Please go on (write); I don't mind (wait).
26. He wore dark glasses (avoid) (be) recognized.
27. Before (give) evidence you must swear (speak) the truth.
28. I tried (persuade) him (agree) with your proposal.
29. Your windows need (clean); would you like me (do) them for you?
30. Would you mind (shut) the window? I hate (sit) in a draught.
31. I can't help (sneeze); I caught a cold yesterday from (sit) in a draught.
32. Do stop (talk): I am trying (finish) a letter.
33. His doctor advised him (give up) (jog).
34. My watch keeps (stop).

35. Without (realize) it. he hindered us instead of (help) us.

36. People used (make) fire by (rub) two sticks together.

3. Gerund and infinitive. Put the verbs in brackets into the correct form (gerund or infinitive).

1. He hates (answer) the phone, and very often just lets it (ring).
2. If you go on (let) your dog (chase) cars he'll end by (be) run over.
3. I prefer (drive) to (be driven).
4. I advise you (start) (look) for a flat at once.
5. Would you mind (lend) me Ј5? I forgot (cash) a cheque.
6. (Lie) on this beach is much more pleasant than (sit) in the office.
7. She likes her children (go) to the dentist every six months.
8. By (neglect) (take) ordinary precautions he endangered the life of his crew.
9. An instructor is coming (show) us how (use) the aqualung.
10. I have no intention of (go) to that film; I couldn't bear (see) my favourite actress in such a dreadful part.
11. I suggest (telephone) the hospitals before (ask) the police (look) for him.
12. After (hear) the conditions I decided (not enter) for the competition.
13. Some people seem (have) a passion for (write) to the newspapers.
14. He expects me (answer) by return but I have no intention of (reply) at all.
15. I tried (explain) to him but he refused (listen) and went on (grumble).
16. By (offer) enormous wages he is persuading men (leave) their present jobs and (work) for him.
17. He postponed (make) a decision till it was too late (do) anything.
18. Imagine (have) (get up) at five a.m. every day!
19. Try (forget) it: it isn't worth (worry) about.
20. There is no point in (remain) in a dangerous place if you can't do anything (help) the
people who have (stay) there.
21. The horse won't be well enough (run) in tomorrow's race. He doesn't seem
(have recovered) from his long journey.
22. At first I enjoyed (listen) to him but after a while I got tired of (hear) the same story again and again.
23. It is usually easier (learn) a subject by (read) books than by (listen) to lectures.
24. It wouldn't be safe (start) down now; we'll have (wait) till the mist clears.
25. After (discuss) the matter for an hour the committee adjourned without (have reached) any decision.
26. It's not much use (have) a bicycle if you don't know how (ride) it.
27. He didn't dare (leave) the house because he was afraid of (meet) someone who might (recognize) him.
28. I distinctly remember (pay) him. I gave him Ј2.
29. Did you remember (give) him the key of the safe? ~

30. Please forgive me for (interrupt) you but would you mind (repeat) that last sentence?
31. I know my hair wants (cut) but I never have time (go) to the hairdresser's.
32. He made a lot of money by (buy) tickets in advance and (sell) them for twice the price
on the day of the match.
33. She rushed out of the room without (give) me a chance (explain).
34. He keeps (ask) me the time and I keep (tell) him (buy) himself a watch.
35. He has a theory that it is possible (tell) the time in daylight by (look) into a cat's eyes.
36. I'd hate (be) beside a volcano when it started (erupt).

4. Gerund and infinitive

After like it is sometimes possible to use either gerund or infinitive, but there tends to
be a slight difference in implication.
like + gerund usually means 'enjoy'; it also usually implies that the action is/was
performed: I like skating = I enjoy skating (and do skate).
like + infinitive has more the meaning of 'approve of, like the idea or habit'. In the affirmative it gives no
indication as to whether the action is performed or not, and in the negative implies that it is not performed.
I didn't like saying it usually means 1 said it, unwillingly', but
I didn't like to say it usually means 1 didn't say it' (because it didn't seem
right or sensible). The distinction, however, is not rigid. The above notes
are, therefore, only guides which may safely be followed.

Put the verbs in brackets into gerund or infinitive.

1. I used (ride) a lot but I haven't had a chance (do) any since (come)
here. ~ I ride sometimes. Would you like (come) with me next time?
2. Most people prefer (spend) money to (earn) it.
3. I resented (be) unjustly accused and asked him (apologize).
4. It isn't good for children (eat) too many sweets.
5. I didn't feel like (work) so I suggested (spend) the day in the garden.
6. Why do you keep (look) back? Are you afraid of (be) followed?
7. Do you remember (post) the letter? ~ Yes, I do; I posted it in the letter-box near my gate.
8. Did you remember (lock) the door? ~ No, I didn't. I'd better (go) back and (do) it now.
9.You still have a lot (learn) if you'll forgive my (say) so.
10. It's no use (try) (interrupt) him. You'll have (wait) till he stops (talk).
11. I'm for (do) nothing till the police arrive. They don't like you (move) anything when
a crime has been committed.
12. He didn't like (leave) the children alone in the house but he had no alternative as he had (go) out to work.
13. Why didn't you drink it?- I didn't like (drink) it as I didn't know what it was.
14. I'm very sorry for (be) late. It was good of you (wait) for me.
15. I keep (try) (make) mayonnaise but I never succeed. ~

16. Do you feel like (go) to a film or would you rather (stay) at home?
17. She told me (look) through her correspondence and (take) out any letters that you had
written her. I didn't like (look) through someone else's letters but I had (do) as she said.
18. He took to (get up) early and (walk) noisily about the house.
19. I liked (listen) to folk music much better than (listen) to pop.
20. The car began (make) an extraordinary noise so I stopped (see) what it was.
21. You'll never regret (do) a kind action.
22. He decided (put) broken glass on top of his wall (prevent) boys (climb) over it.
23. He annoyed me very much by (take) the piece of cake that I was keeping (eat) after my supper.
24. He kept (ring) up and (ask) for an explanation and she didn't know what (do) about him.
25. We got tired of (wait) for the weather (clear) and finally decided (set) out in the rain.
26. He made me (repeat) his instructions (make) sure that I understood what I was (do) after he had gone.
27. I suggest (leave) the car here and (send) a breakdown van (tow) it to the garage.
28. She apologized for (borrow) my sewing-machine without (ask) permission and
promised never (do) it again.
29. I didn't mean (offend) anyone but somehow I succeeded in (annoy) them all.
30. She claimed (be able) (tell) the future by (gaze) into her crystal ball.
31. He never thinks of (get) out of your way; he expects you (walk) round him.
32. You don't need (ask) his permission every time you want (leave) the room.
33. The police accused him of (set) fire to the building but he denied (have been) in the
area on the night of the fire.
34. I left my door open. Why didn't you walk in? ~ I didn't like (go) in when you weren't there.
35. It's much better (go) to a hairdresser than (try) (save) time by (cut) your own hair.
36. I'd rather (earn) my living by (scrub) floors than (make) money by (blackmail) people.

Practice
1 Choose a suitable form of can, could, be able to, manage to or succeed in to complete the
sentences. Sometimes more than one form is possible. mD!ll Listen and check.

1 The manager was a bit reluctant but in the end I.....................get a refund.
2 It was really annoying; I ............................... get on to any of the websites
you recommended.
3 When does the next match start? I.......................hardly hear the
last announcemen t.
4 The new road opens next month so we......................get to the coast
more quickly.
5 Most of th e big hotels were full, but we .....................,. .find a room in a small
guesthouse near the station.
6 The aid workers..........................come home after the incident, but they decided to
stay in the war zone.
7 Dr Martens fin ishe s her surgery at 11.30, so she......................call you then.
8 After I move to the country I'm not going to........................visit you so often.
9 The government's 2004 fuel tax levy.......................generating over a
billion pounds in revenue in six months.
10 The shopping channel is a real boon for Liz; she adores...................buy clothes,
day or night!
11 Sadly, many of the indigenous people.......................resist the diseases brought by
the European sett lers.
12 We............................more relieved when we got the news that you were OK.

2 Complete the
information with the words and
phrases from the box.
Ctll!D Listen and check.
are able to EaA can could hardly couldn't have
managed to be able to were only able to won't
be able to
E Do athletes really run faster these days?
E Yes. Long-distance runners these days
amateurs. They had to combine their sport with paid
work, so they (4)............................................find
(0)complete marathons in the time
enough time to train. Athletes' careers these days
that fifty years ago their predecessors
(1)run 10,000 metres. also last longer; they (5) ...... ................... ..... .
li1 Why should this be? compete until they are older. Facilities also make a

E Well, technology is a factor: athletes today

difference: in the 1950s and 60s, swimmers from the
US (6)..........................................to dominate
(2)...................................use the most
their sport because few other nations had Olympic-
aerodynamic materials in their running shoes
sizedpools. Now it's easy for swimmers everywhere
or swimsuits. But even if earlier athletes had had these
(7).........................................................train more
innovations, they (3) ......................... ..... .
efficiently as they have the correct pools.
improvedtheir results significantly,for various
Given these conditions today, there's no reason to
other reasons. For example, athletes these days are
believethat athletes (8) ........ .............. ...... ...
professional; in thepast they were unpaid
continue to smash records.

C) C10 011l111e /0 1 111ore praLl1c0 139

Practice
1 GRAMMAR IN USE

Choose the correct words in italics. If both are corre,ct choose both .
mmJ Listen and check. ··
MIKE Hi, Rob. I haven't seen you for ages! What are you doing in the gym?
ROB Trying to get fitter, of course. How are you?
MIKE I'm fine. I always thought you were super -fit because of all your cycling.
ROB Oh that. Well, you know how it is, you get a job, get married ...
MIKE But you (1) could be I could have been an Olympic cyclist - you used to be fantastic!
ROB Maybe not that good! Well, I was in a good club, and anyone (2) could I may apply to join the teams, but
there were people there a lot better than me,
and you know, cycling (3) can I might be very competitive.
MIKE I'm sure, but it's still a pity. Aren't you cycling at all now?
ROB Oh yeah, jus t not so intensively. I'm still in a club and I was thinking ... I
(4) might I could try the Tour de France in a couple of years' time.
MIKE Wow! That would be awesome! It's such a long ...
ROB No, no, I certainly (5) can't I won't be able to do it all. I
(6) might I could not even be able to do more than a
couple of stages. It's difficult with work and
everything.
MIKE Yes, but what an opportunity!
ROB Mmm, if I felt I was fit enough, then I (7) could I might ask for some
unpaid leave. An yway, why don't you come along to the club?
MIKE Really? (8) Do you think they might/ Might they let me in?
ROB It's worth a try. How about next Saturday ...?

2 Complete the second sentence so it has a similar meaning to the first. Use a suitable form of can,
could, may or might, as in the example.
0 Given some luck, our team has a good chance of winning the final next month.
With any luck ..q!'!-r.J m-..11:1: N.W. !'!-.F. .ft. L .. /:t:.................................................
1 The service in this restaurant is sometimes quite surly.
The service ............................................................................................. ..................... ........ .
2 Ten years ago my neighbour offered me his apartment for $30,000 but I didn't buy it. Ten
years ago I ............... ................................................................................................ .... .
3 It would be possible to issue the tickets today if you gave us your credit card number.
We ....................................................... ................................................................................ .
4 When I was at university, it was generally pos ible for students to have a good life style. When
I was at university, ................................................................................................... .
5 Is it possible that the disparity in the figures is due to a computer error?
Do ....................................................................................................................................
6 Perhaps the shuttle bus isn't operating at the moment - it is the low season.
The shuttle bus ................................................................................................................... .
7 Perhaps Jim took it; he was in the office all day yesterday.
Jim ...................................................................................................................................... .
8 It's quite possible that my sister will become an opera star - she has a lovely voice.
My sister .............................................................................................................................. .

C) (_J() Oll illl frn 111()((• !)Id( tree 141

32 SPECULATION AND EXPECTATION

Practice
1 Write one word (or a contraction) in each gap. Do not use the
same word more than once. l:lll!D Listen and check.
1 A: Is that Ayrton Senna, the racing driver, in the car over there?
B: It (1) .......... be. He died in 1994. It (2)......be his nephew, Bruno. He's driving
racing cars now.
2 A: Excuse me. Is that the train to York?
B: It (3) .......... be, I'll check. Yes, it says 'York' on the window!
A: How stupid! I didn't notice th at. Do you know what time it
leaves? B: It (4) be leaving any minu te now.
3 A: Have you seen my car keys?
B: No. (5)..........they still be in the car?
A: I haven't used the car today, but I need to now. I'm going into town.
B: You're kidding! On a Saturday afternoon? The town centre (6). . .be heaving
with people!
4 A: Is that the phone? At this time of night? Who is it?
B: It could (7) .......... Steve in Australia. It's the middle of the day there. Hello,
Steve?
5 A: I'm phoning from CTC News. Would it be possible to interview the
ambassador this afternoon?
B: I'm afraid the ambassador (8).....be available at such short notice, but I'll ask
his secretary.
6 A: Can you record th e football match for me? I'm not sure when my meeting's
going to end and I (9) .......... not be home in time.
B: Of course. Do you know when you'll be back?
A: Not really. But I (10).........be back later than nine.

2 Write four statements making deductions about each picture. Use the words and phrases
in brackets, as in the example.
Mr and Mrs Hopkins are waiting for their daughter.
0 (on/train) She can't - '(.e:.k .q. J }l'.'f! r!-,..................
1 (miss/it) She must ..........................................................
2 (baby/mother) She .........................................................
3 (phone/parents) .............................................................

4 (rain) It must ..................................................... ............ .

5 (fall/bike) The man must ...............................................
6 (not/wife)The woman ...................................................
7 (ambulance) Someone ...................................................

8 (explosion) There ...........................................................

9 (earthquake ) There .........................................................
10 (terrifying) It ..................................................................

144
3 Match 1-6 with A-F to continue the sentences. ClmD Listen and check.
1 He might do it-. _ A he had plenty of opportunity.
2 He should be domg 1t now - B he wasn't even in the country.
3 He m st have done i - C he was the only person who stayed there.
4 He rrught have done 1t - D the deadline passed yesterday.
5 He can't have done it - E he seems a very capable person.
6 He should have done it by now - F he usually sorts the post at this time of day.

4 GRAMMAR IN
USE . Read the article, then choose the best option to complete the comments
below, as m the example. If two options are equally possible, choose both.

SPORTING DISASTERS

Heusel As a result of the disaster,

tw enty-seven fans were arrested,
most of whom were from

Stadium
ONE OF THE WORST disasters
in the history of football took
place in May 1985 at the
Heysel
Stadium in Brussels. It was the
European Cup Final between
Liverpool, UK and Juventus, Italy,
and in many ways it was a
disaster
waiting to happen: the stadium
was over fifty years old and in
quite bad condition; some parts of
it were said to be 'crumbling'. The
Liverpool manager had wanted
the Cup Final to be moved to
another stadium. In addition,
there was a history of violence
between Liverpo ol and Italian
teams, though not Juventus.
The stadium was crowded,
and although the Liverpool and
Juventus fans were seated in
different parts of the stadium,
the 'neutral' section, where
tickets were allocated to Belgian
supporters, actually contained a
lot of Juventus fans.
As the match was about to
start, Liverpool fans charged
the 'neutral' section, causing a
large number of mainly Juventus
supporters to flee to the back
of the stand, against a wall. The
wall collapsed,killing 39 fans and
injuring hundreds more. Despite
the awful disaster, the match went
ahead after the captains appealed
for calm, and Juventus won 1-0.
Liverpool, and fourteen were
given three-year suspended
sentences for involunta ry
manslaughter. Engl ish footba ll
clubs were banned from playing
in Europe for five years, and
Liverpool was banned for six.
Measures were taken to stop
football hooliganism in England
and make football a safer game
to watch; these measures were
successful and football is now a
spectator sport for families again.
No more football matches took
place at Heysel Stadium , although
it continued to host athletics
events, and it was demolished
in 1994.

0 The owners of the stadium. its maintenance.

A should have neglected @ must have neglected C had to neglect
1 The wall at the back of the stand. .have been strong enough.
A can't B couldn't C shouldn 't
2 The organisers...that there would be only Belgian fans in the neutral section
A might think B could think C might have thought .
3 TheJuventus fans. .terrified.
A must have been B could be C might well have been
4 The football teams...very brave to continue with the match.
A should have been B must have been C should be
5 Some of the fans who were arrested from Liverpool.
A couldn ' t h a ve been B didn't have to be C can't have been
6 Liverpool Football Club. . .out of European competition for a long time.
A had to stay B must have stayed C should have stayed
7 Football matches in England..a lot more pleasant now.
 A can be B must be C should have been
8 They.....have expected trouble at ath letics meetings.
A m ustn 't B shouldn't C can't

6 Go onl1r:e tor more prart cc 145

33 OBLIGATION AND NECESSITY

Practice
1 Read each sentence and choose the correct meaning, A or B.
1 These tablets must be taken after food.
A It is essential to take the tablets after food. B It
is advisable to take the tablets after food.
2 We needn't have taken towels and bed linen to the
cottage. A We didn't take towels and bed linen with us.
B We took towels and bed linen with us.
3 Trespassers are liable for damage to crops.
A Trespassers must pay for any damage. B Trespassers can pay for any damage.
4 Paula must study harder if she wants to pass th is year's exams.
A The speaker is giving his/her opinion. B The speaker is explaining a rule.
5 The bins need emptying before we go out.
A The speaker is going to empty the bins. B The speaker may not empty the bins.
6 We're supposed to put all plastic in the
recycling bin. A This is an important rule that
we always follow.
B This is a rule that we don't always follow.
7 We should have informed the bank of our change of address.
A We informed the bank of our change of address. B We didn't inform the bank.
8 Rooms must be vacated by twelve o'clock.
A The receptionist is saying this. B This is a written instruction.

2 Complete the adverts with an appropriate verb or expression, as in the

example. Use the information in the box to help you. CIIIDListen and check.

course essential advisable unnecessary

A computing skills own computer prior desig n
experience B previous experience computing skills
own computer
C three GCSEs good level of English prior design experience/computing skills

[[]L.EAFIN HOW TO CESIGN THE BEST WEBSITES!

E1We offer Website
WITNEY COLLEGE Design courses to suit all schedules and budgets, from five-week intensive courses to year-
your own computer (on our full-time courses) but you
WEB
(4)haveDESIGN
some previousCOURSE
experience in design.
You (5)to be able to use a computer.
Ten-week intensive coursefor people
C:ALL us inON
interested o,aoa
designing 81575149
their own website.
Applicants for this course (0) ..... ......
have good computing skills but are not
(1)......................to have prior design
experience. If possible, applicants
(2)bring their own computer
but there are a limited number of machines
KlWEBSITE DESIGN l•Wifr.ii•·M. MI
available at the college. Applicants (6)have previous expenence m
PHONE 0690 4439868 FOR DETAILS
design, as the course involves work experience with a local company. Equally, you are not (7
good compu ter skills as all basic training is provided.
A minimum of three GCSEs is essentia l and all applicants
(8)ha vea good level ofEnglish.
See display ad for details.

148
3 Complete the dialogue with words or phrases from the box. Use
each word/phrase once only. 1111!1 Listen and check.

do I have to had to has to have to having to must

need to needs obliged to should supposed to will have to

BETH Hello. Reception said that you wanted a word with me.
LISA That's right. I'm interested in joining your gym. What (1)...................................do?
BETH Take a seat. First, you (2) ................... fill in this form. It asks for details about you and your
state of health. We want to be sure that you're fit enough to use the gym.
LISA OK......I have a slight problem with one knee. I twisted it a few weeks ago.
BETH Well, you really (3)............................tell the instructor about that, then he'll make sure
that your fitness programme takes account of it.
LISA Fitness programme?
BETH Yes. If you join, you (4).............................have an induction session with one of our
fitness instructors. He'll design a programme suited to your level of fitness.
LISA Oh, that's good. Now, it's £50 a month, isn't it?
BETH Well, yes, but that's the special rate if you take out an annual subscription, so you're
(5) join for the whole year to get that rate. Otherwise it's £60 a month.
LISA I see. Yes, I think I'll join for the year. Is there anything else I sho uld know?
BETH Let's see ... There are some rules, but they ' re pretty obvious. Of course, everyone
(6) wear appropriate clothes and footwear. There are lockers outside the
gym, as you're not (7)..........................take anything in with you, but we don't apply
that rule very strictly. You'll probably want to take a towel and a bottle of water in with you
anyway: you (8)..........................................drink plenty of water while you're exercising,
to prevent dehydration.
LISA Yes . .. Are there any restrictions, like (9)................................book time ahead?
BETH No. You can use th e gym whenever it's open. Obviously, if you think a piece of equip ment
isn't working properly and (10)..................................................repairing, tell an instructor.
Also, for your own good, you (11)......................tell us if you feel unsure about how to use
a particular machine.
LISA Of cou rse. Now, the receptionist said I (12)................................provide proof of my address,
but I' m afraid I don't have anything on me at the moment.
BETH That's OK. Bring it next time you come.

4 Rewrite the underlined sections in the dialogues to use an appropriate modal verb or
other way of expressing obligation. Sometimes more than one answer is possible.

1 A Is it advisable to carry ident ificatio n with me here?

B It' s imperat ive to carry identification. The police insist on it.
2 A What time is it necessary for me to arrive for the
exam? B It will be necessary to get there by 9.45.
3 A Was it necessary to learn th e language when you were in
China? B Yes, it was essential to learn some as English wasn't
widespread.
4 A Was the holiday apartment in France well-equipped?
B Yes, it was. We took our own towels and things but it
wasn't necessary.

149
 Practice
1 GRAMMAR IN USE Choose the corre ct words in italics. l:IIID Listen and check.

M OUNT P LEASAl\"TT ENN I S CLUB

Dear New Member

e
We are delighted to welcome you to Mount PleasantTennis Club. Attached are
the rules and conditions of membership. Please sign and date the final page to
indicate your acceptance of the rules.

In addition to the rules above, we would like to draw your attention to the following:
• We are open all year round, though members (1) may not/ forbidden to use the courts
on tournament weekends.
• Members (2) should I could not normally bring guests without prior permission, but this
is acceptable from November to March, when the club is less busy.
• Please remembreto wear the correct footwear - you (3) can't/ won't be allowed to
play in unsuitable shoes.
• We pro i e lockers for personal belongings - the club (4) must not/ cannot
accept respons1b1hty for valuables left outside the lockers.
• M embers (5) ought I may not play competitive tennis for another club without
written permission. Please note also that members who represent the club in
compet i ons
( ) must not compete I must not have competed for another club within the
previous six months.
• Finally, may we remind you that any member who holds or has held professional status
(7) may not I must not representthe club in a tournament. Until recently ex-prof essionals
(8) couldn't have joined I were notallowed to join the club, and while we have
relaxed that rule, tournaments are still for amateurplayers only.

2 Complete the second sentence so it has a similar meaning to the first. Use three to six
w ords, including the word in brackets, as in the example .
0 We advise passengers to keep all their belongings with th em at all times. (should)
Passengers .....................rhc.1«<«.ku{?..i!CU.t.l:t -i.r:.. .e-/. .1.18.il.18•.L with th em at
all times.
1 We expected our host to pay for everyo ne's d rinks, but he didn' t. (should)
Our host........................................................................................................ everyone's drinks.
2 It was illegal for women to own property in many societies 100 years ago.
(were) Women...........................................property in many societies 100 years
ago.
3 I wish you had asked me before you borrowed my camera. (might)
You ......... .......................... ............... .... .......... ....... ............ b efore you borrowed my camera.
4 You are not allowed to use mobile phones in the intensive care ward. (is)
The use of........................................................................................... in the intens ive care ward.
5 It isn't right for people to be pun ished for somethin g they can't avoid do ing.
(ought) Peop le...................................................for someth ing they can't avoid
doing.
6 It is essential that candidates have not applied for the same post previously.
(have)
Candidates........................................................................................the same post previously.
7 The visitors weren't allowed to leave the building until the panic had subsided.
(could) The visitors.................................the building until the panic had
subsided.
8 It was wrong of yo u to leave th e matches withi n reach of the children. (not)
You.............................................................................. the matches withi n reach of the children.

C) C10 on 11w for mrn0 p'2.ct1ce 151

 Tourist information
9 1 Vocabulary Tourist attractions and facilities

A tn the box below are the names of different types oftourist attractions. The letters
have been mixed up. Reorder them and put each one into the correct space in the

Dear Charlene nuttsaarree

Having a greattime and seeing all the sights. On the first day we ehaettr tgihn lucb rta Irgylea
visited the famous Adhedgl—ofgaint Basil and then spent the strosref rdcahldet ernthe alef
afternoon looking atthe painfings in the Tretyakov ekrmat
2 .Thekids gota bitbored with all the
culture. but they enjoyed iook(ng atthe weapons and armoury in the
Kremlin
3 the following day. We also found a great
park for the younger ones with cartoon
characters and rides and everything right near the centre.Today we
checked outthe 5 on Pa-bat Street and bought C
lots of great souvenirs. i can't believe thaftornorrow is our last night
already were hoping to flake in an opera or a ballet atthe harlene Smith i26 London
Boisho( and maybe go for a meal in a
traditional
Road
. The older kids are out to a
6 with some friends the,' made.
Anyway, see you soon.
Bath
Bobby
ENGLAND

postcard. The first one has been done for you.

B Read the postcard again. Can you work out which city the writer is in?

2 Additional information clauses

Read the following passage about a market in New Orleans. Fill in the blanks with
the words in the box. You will need to use some of the words more than once. The
first one has been done for you.
who which when where whose
• The French Market, I situated in that stand today datefrom the early 19th century.
Esplanade Street, is America's oldest market and was • Thefruit and meat vendors, 5 stalls • originally used by the
Choctaw Indians, are in the moin building, always start work early. You 2 lived in the areo long before the
 should try and visit in the morning, 6
Europeans settled. you willfind restaurateurs, grocers and others haggling • The original buildings, 3 were put over the
best produce. At the weekends the French Market up by the Spanish in 1171, stood until 1812, is transformed into a giantflea
market.
4 they were destroyed by a hurricane. you can buyjust about anything Soon afterwards the market was
rebuilt and the buildings you want.

3 Tourist attractions in New Orleans

Read these sentences about other places of interest in New Orleans. Join the
sentences together using extra information clauses beginning with who, which, 9
where, whose, or when. Remember to use commas at the beginning ofeach relative clause. The first one has been done for you.

CONFEDERATE MUSEUM a The Confederate Museum is the oldest museum in Louisiana. It

was built in 1891.
The museum has a large art gallery. o
You can see pictures of the Civil War there.
Included in the collection are the personal effects of General Robert E.
Lee. General Lee was the leader of the Confederate army.

DESTREHANE PLANTATION b The Destrehane Plantation is

conveniently located near the city. It is the oldest in Louisiana.
It was originally built by the d'Estrehan fam ily. The family were French
aristocrats.
It's a great place to visit in November
The annual festival is held in November.
VIJEHOUSE c Longue Vue House is a beautiful English-style
country home. It is set in eight acres of beautiful countryside.
It originally belonged to the Stern family.
The Stern family's collection of modern art is still housed there.
The estate has beautiful gardens.
You can have picnics and relax there.

I The Confederate Moun which was built in is the

2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
8 Dimensions

A The letters of the words below have been mixed up. Reorder them to make the
names of four famous places or structures.
gtaer rampdiy chlenna utelnn gdenlo agte bgedir apaman anlac

B The texts below describe the four famous places or structures from A. Write in
the name of the place or structure described. Then put the words in the box
into the correct place in the texts. You will need to use some of the words more
than once.
 long length wide width high height deep depth

1
Overall, it is 50.4km long, and consists Of three separate tunnels. The
main ones are 7.6m , and the Of
the central service tunnel is 4.8m. The overall ofthe
undersea section is 39km.
2
It is suspended from two towers, each of which are 2274m
and the overall of the central span is
1280.2m.
3
The original ofthe structure was 147m, but it is now
slightly lower as some of the top stones have been removed. At the base,
each of the four sides is 230m
4
Tt is a little more than 64km , and with a minimum
Of 12.5m, it is enough to allow large
vessels. It has a minimum of 91.5m, allowing vessels to
pass each other at any stage.

9 eading A job at a leisure attraction

A The following article is about working eisure attraction. Some of the
sentences have been removed. Rea ough the text and put the sentences below
into thc correct places. There is extra sentence which you will not need.
The first one has been done for a You maybe expected work shifts and
weekends but you witl find great ction watc and helping others enjoy
themselves. b They s e chance to try the rides for free.
c Today, n employed as a 'Pirate' or a •wild west cowboy'. and
thesejobs are ex challenging a owever, once you begin ialize in a
water world or a museum, you will have to be trained.
e It's important that you are able to kee regardless of how you feel.
f Later in your career you could become a man fane or more sections or
departments.
g Why not find out more about the opportunities open to yo
2 Telephone language

A tour operator is phoning a guide to see ifshe can do some work. Read the guide's
half oftheir conversation.
Hello, Mary Daruig.
 Oh, hello, nice to hear from you again. What can I do for you?
2
I'll just get my diary and you can give me the details. OK, go ahead.
3
Would it be the same as I did last year in the open-top
bus? 4
Good, so might be able to use the commentary r prepared last time — but what
sort of group is it?
5
Oh good, so there won't be any language problems. Now, when would you
like me to do it?
6
That's fine by me — I'm free then. Have you got anything in mind for later on?
7
OK, let me take a note of that. Bythe way, what play is it?
8
Right — and do you want me to book a restaurant?
9
Thanks very much. Goodbye.
The sentences below are the tour operator's half ofthe conversation. Put them
into the correct places in the dialogue above.
a Right, the first part is an afternoon tour ofhistoric
London. b Yes, that's right, and the route is still the same.
c Hello, this is Brian from Heritage Tours.
d No, that's OK, weÞve arranged it all, but it might be a good idea to
confirm it. Anyway, I'll send you all the details, and give me a ring if
there's anything else you need to know.
e There will be about fifteen people in all — theyre mainly the wives of
some American businessmen who are here for a week or so. f Yes, it
will be followed by a theatre trip and dinner.
g Well, T was wondering ifyou would be able to do a tour
for us. h Next Wednesday, that's the eighteenth. i It's a
musical — Cats. MEve got tickets.

3 Word formation

A Read the description ofa five-day opera tour. The words below have
been removed from the text. They are in the right order but not in the
right form. Choose the correct form ofthe word to fill in the gaps in the
text. The first one has been done for you.

1 idyll 5 relax 9 perform 13 beauty

2 celebrate 6 architect 10 fine 14 option
3 history 7 wonder Il shop 15 arrive
4 luxury 8 arrange 12 question

Day 3 Late morning we take the short

OPERA ITALY to Verona, after Venice the 10
drive
 art centre in Venetia. It is an elegant city with Day I We
depart locally for London excellent opportunities.
Heathrow Airport and your fight to Milan. Dinner at the Forte Agip Verona before
Our coach will transfer you to the taking our seats for another delightful 4
Forte Agip Hotel in evening of opera in the Roman Arena. Vicenza. Evening
free to settle in and enjoy a Overnight at the Forte Agip Vicenza.
dinner. Day 4 Today we board our coach
Day 2 Today you are free to explore Vicenza, for the journey to Venice,

Even summer the ancient home of the Palladian style of one of the world's most 13 Roman
arena itt the centre of 6 . Later in the day we board cities. Day free to explore at leisure, or you Verona is
the our coach for the easy drive to Verona for may join us on one of our 14 settingfor the a
dinner and a 7 evening of guided tours.
Italian Opera. Our sbort break opera at the Roman Arena. s Day 5 After breakfast we transfer
you to includes two evenings Ofopera, have been made for you to have very good Venice Airport for your
scheduled Alitalia time to enjoy Vicenza and a day seats (second sector stalls). After the flight to London
Gatwick Airport. On to sa-cour the 3 9 our coach takes us back to 15
our staffwill greet you and city of Venice. the Forte
Agip Vicenza. transfer you for your homewardjourney.

B Imagine that you were the guide on the tour to Italy above. Read the
text again and answer the following questions from the members ofthe
group.The first one has been done for you.
I Does Vicenza have an airport?
No we '(l
4t Milgn.. then
t4ke a Are
t? weindoing anything on the first evening?
betel

2
Is Vicenza famous for anything?
3
Are we seeing any operas in Vicenza?
4
Is it very far to Verona?
5
When will we have a chance to explore
Verona?
6
Will we be going round Venice as a group?
7
How are we going to get back to Milan
airport?
8

5 Adjectives ending in -ed and -ing

An examiner who assesses guides is talking about some of the qualities

that a good guide needs to have. Fill in the blanks with the words in
brackets in either the -ed form or the -ing form.
The most important quality that we are looking for is the ability ofthe guide
to give an 1 (interest) talk — no tour is going to be
successful ifthe audienck is2 (bore), however 3
(fascinate) the place they are visiting may be.
The guides have to have a clear idea of what they are going to
say. Preparation is very important because no audience is going to be 4 (satisfy) with a long,5
(confuse) commentary that has not been 10 thought out properly.
Guides should also know about microphone technique and how to address
the audience and it is 6 (surprise) how many candidates
who come here for examinations have problems with this. It can be very7
(annoy) ifthe guide does not speak into the microphone, and guides need to learn to stand still and avoid too
many hand gestures, which can be very 8 (distract).
9
As people, guides need to appear confident and (relax), and
10
need to know when to lighten the commentary with an
(amuse) story or anecdote. I nng tours can he. (eyhaust) ,
and it is important to realize when people are getting12 (tire),
and to change the pace ofa commentary as necessary.

6 Strong and weak adjectives

Some adjectives can be made stronger by using words like very,

extremely, etc. Other adjectives already have a strong meaning, and
can only be made stronger by using words like absolutely.
A Look through this list ofadjectives and put them into two columns. The first
have been done for you.
interesting fascinating wonderful nice fantastic magnificent
impressive terrible appalling good brilliant famous old elegant
attractive bad long superb

Neutral adjectives Strong adjectives

(very. (absolutely ... ) extremely ) interesting
fascinati09
PREPOSITIONS OF PLACE

Practice
I Underline the preposition in each sentence, then choose the correct word in italics to
show the type of preposition.
0 Can you meet me in front of the snack bar later? place time place /
time place /
1 Can you meet me at half-past eight? movement purpose /
2 Can you get the spoons out of the drawer, please? time means /
movement means
3 They've been making cars for more than seventy years. /purpose time
4 Joanna is moving away from home next year. /purpose purpose /
instrument means /
5 You can contact us by email or text message.
movement
6 Use a sharper knife for cutting meat.
7 The door can only be opened with a special key.
8 The refugees escaped by using false passports.
2 Write a sentence about each picture, using the words and phrases below and a
preposition

above among at between in in front of en opposite under

0 Dana and Leona / meet / a plane Dang. and. 14M.uet.4W.g.plqneq... .

1 Derek / wait / the bus stop / for hours

 Practice

1 GRAMMAR IN USE Read

2 I / leave / my coat / the car / last night

3 the cat / often sleep / the duvet

4 they / live / the greengrocer's

5 Lori / live / the greengrocer's

6 we / park / the car / the cinema

7 the girls / have / a picnic / pine trees

8 Jacob / always / sit / the two girls

42
3 Nine friends are taking a flight together to Stockholm. Read the sentences and write
the names of the people by the correct seat numbers.

1b.
lc .

2b ..l=eu..

3a 3b
• Jack and his wife, Jane, are sitting in the front row. Jane hates flying and never sits by the
window. She's sitting between her sister, Ella, who loves looking out of the window, and her
husband.
e Marga is sitting in row 3, between two other members of the group.
Len is sitting in the centre seat of the second row — he's flying home to Sweden to celebrate
his birthday, with his wife, Anna, who is sitting next to him.
Steph is sitting in front of her husband, Vince, who always wants an aisle seat because of his
long legs.
Nils is also from Sweden. He's Len's brother-in-law. Nils' sister is sitting in front of him.

4 GRAMMAR IN USE Read the text and choose the correct answer, A, B or C below.
Go online for more practice
 Practice

1 GRAMMAR IN USE Read

Listen and check.

The Amanjena Hotel is one of the finest luxury hotels

Morocco. Situated in beautiful grounds (I) t,the
fascinating town of Marrakech, it is easy to get to. The
standard rooms are all individual buildings and are all situated
(2) palm frees and mature olive trees.
each comfortable room there is a king-sized bed as well as a mini-bar, CD
player, TV and DVD. There is also a small private garden with a fountain each room,
where guests can relax. Breakfast is served each morning (5) the swimming pool,
and guests can have dinner (6) one of the hotel's two restaurants serving Moroccan
and international food. For those who want to shop, art, jewellery and handmade gifts
are available (7) the three shops within the hotel complex, and there is a wide variety of
shops (8) nearby Marrakech.

0 A at B by Oin A in B over C by
1 A near B at C next to 6 A at B opposite C between
2 A among B in C between 7 A next to B in front of C at
B In C On 8 A in B near C on top of
4 A in front of B in C at
5 Write about your bedroom, using the phrases in brackets to help you.
(next to my bed) There's a little table qnd a my..þdt

1 (next to my bed)
2 (under the bed)
3 (on the walls)

4 (on top of the wardrobe)

5 (opposite the bedroom window)

(5 43
the letter and choose the correct underlined words.
O) 2.29 Listen and check.

Our cycling hðliday the Lake District was great, thanks. We had one really laveLy day Whew We
cycled (0) into Hardknøtt Pass (1) / at the Little vilLqqe Boat, thew We went (2) qLðk14 / the
River Eck fir a While, (3) / same lavely little bridges. We Went (4) at / past the pretty vilLqge
E$kdaLe Green and cycled all the way to Ravenglass, the coast. It's a 1018 Way, sa We Went (5)
onto / a really nice hðtelfir q"et-nøow tea, and thew put the bikes (G) / the little train that goes
back up to Boot.

Go online for more practice

 Practice

1 GRAMMAR IN USE Read

2 Find five more mistakes with prepositions and correct them. Tick (V) the correct
sentences.
Listen and check.

aut of
0 I'll turn the TV on. Can you get the DVD out the case?
I We flew across the Andes when we went from Argentina to Chile.
2 We're late! Hurry up and get onto the taxi.
3 Mike always runs along the canal path for half an hour every morning. 4 The
bridge that goes through the railway line is in danger of collapsing.
5 Don't throw stones to the cat — you'll hurt her.
6 To get to the station from here, go along the school and turn left.

3 GRAMMAR IN USE Look at the map of London Zoo and complete the
directions with one word in each gap. You are at the Snowdon Aviary.

Excuse me, how do I get to ...

0 the Oasis Café? Go .g44M... the canal, the owls and lovebirds, turn
right, go .tþrqygkt the tunnel. The Oasis Café is on the right.
1 the woodland walk? Turn right and go the bridge, then turn left and walk
the canal.
2 the gift shop? Go straight on the owls and the lovebirds, turn right and go
the canal, then go the tunnel under the road. It's on the left.
3 the entrance? Turn right and go the canal, go the Africa
section and go the tunnel the information kiosk. Then turn left. 4 the
nearest toilets? Gothe canal and go right . the bridge.

Go online for more practice

 Practice

1 GRAMMAR IN USE Read

the library, the tunnel and then go the café. The toilets
are inside the café on the left.

d) 45

Go online for more practice

 Practice

1 GRAMMAR IN USE Read

the message and choose the correct words (or —) in italics.
Mr Lewis — here are your flight details for later this week:
You depart from Heathrow (00/ on 8.30 (1) — / in the morning (2) on / in 23 April (Thursday).
You arrive in Dubai (3) to / at 5.20 (4) in / at the evening. Unfortunately, you can't leave the
airport
(5) during / for this stopover. You then leave Dubai (6) — / at 8.45 and you arrive in Bangkok
(7) at / on 6.30 (8) in / — the next morning. You're then going to fly to Hong Kong (9) — / on
next Friday, and return to the UK (10) in / during ten days, but we haven't finalised those
last two flights yet.

2 Replace the underlined words with a suitable preposition (if necessary) and a
phrase from the box. 2.31 Listen and check.
four days the-weekeÐd the summer fifteen minutes 11 p.m. to 6 a.m. the
afternoon two hours this evening four o'clock
0 Will the gardens be open Qn Saturday and Sunday? at the Weekend 1 I find
it really difficult to work after lunch.
2 It's Monday now. We'll be in touch with your results by-Eday. 3 I'm
working in Paris from June until September.
4 Planes aren't allowed to take off or land at night at this airport.
5 The oral exam was really short. It started at 9.00 and lasted till 9.15.

6 It's 3.30 now. I'll wait for another thirty minutes, then I have to go.
7 Don't worry, it's only 10.30 — we'll be finished lunchtime.

The Samaria Corse Experience

Thank you for booking this trip with Andreas Travel.
Please read these notes about your trip.
Your bus will meet you at your hotel at the time on your ticket. Please be at the
meeting point (0) this time, or you may have to take a taxi to the start of the walk. We
will arrive at the top of the gorge (1) 7.00 a.m. We will stop here
(2) about 30 minutes so that you can have breakfast and buy some
snacks and some water. Please note that you will need to drink at least a litre of water
the day. The path through the gorge is easy to follow. We will meet you
again at the bottom in Agia Roumeli, where you are welcome to join us at Stavros
Restaurant (4) 3.00 p.m. for a drink and a snack. You are then free
5.00 p.m., when the boat leaves for Paleochora. Please be at the
harbour
4.50 p.m. The boat trip lasts (7) . about 40 minutes, and your
bus will meet you for the journey back to your hotel. Have a fantastic day!
PS We run tours (8) „ „ every day, including Sundays, so why not book another
trip with us?

Go online for more practice

 Practice

1 GRAMMAR IN USE Read

8 I met Luke this afternoon; he said he'd come round in a few hours.

3 GRAMMAR IN USE Complete the text with prepositions from this unit. Write — if
no preposition is necessary. Listen and check.

47

Go online for more practice

 Practice

1 GRAMMAR IN USE Read

the conversation and choose the correct words in
italics. O)i2.33 Listen and check.
RYAN
I've decided to go to Bangladesh for a few months before university.
TOM Wow! What are you going to do there?
RYAN
I'm going to do voluntary work (0)@/like a builder. You know, I want to do
something (1) apart / besides travel — something to help people. But I'm going
to travel, too. I'm going there (2) on / by plane, then after I finish the work, I'm
going trekking in the Himalayas — Horse-riding?
TOM
No, trekking (3) on / by foot, then I'm going to travel back (4) in / by train.
RYAN
It sounds amazing. How are you going to pay for it?
TOM Mainly (5) for / by doing lots of extra hours in the shop at weekends! I'm working
RYAN every weekend before I go (6) except / apart from the weekend of Natalie's
wedding.
TOM Won't it be cold in the Himalayas?
RYAN Yes, I think so. But I've got a really warm, light coat made (7) of/ with wool.
TOM
Are you going (8) from / with anyone?
RYAN
No, on my own.

2 Write the words in the correct order to make

sentences. Add a suitable preposition.
0 most older people read only glasses can Mest
1 people plane travelling hate a lot of
2 worked for twenty years my a teacher uncle
3 mobile phone an iPod looks my
4 this computer you a DVD player use can
5 everyday is the centre New Year's Day open

3 Find and correct the mistake in each sentence. 2.34 Listen and check. like
0 'Are these shoes leather?' 'I'm not sure. They feel as leather.'
1 In those days, there were few planes, and most people travelled on ship.
2 Don't clean the screen by detergent — you need a special fluid.
3 Everyone has completed the questionnaire apart for the head teacher.
4 Have you seen this handbag? It's made with crocodile skin!
5 It's getting very difficult to pay with cheque in shops and restaurants.
6 'What's this?' 'It's a garlic press. It's used to crushing garlic.'

4 Complete the sentences below with a preposition. Then change them to make them
true for you. (Or write So do l.)
0 1 always write my homework With a black pen.
g..
I. g!wgyç..write. Jumewg.rk.
Go online for more practice
"g,
 Practice

1 GRAMMAR IN USE Read

1 1 prefer to keep in touch with my friends . email.

2 1 usually go on holiday my husband.

3 1 don't often pay for things credit card.

Q) 49 Complete the email with prepositions. There is one more

place where no preposition is needed. Listen and check.

This is just to let you know I'm back from my trip and I'll be in the office on Monday. It was all
great, apart from the last part of the journey home. You know, I hadn't bothered to book a
Eurostar ticket (0) . home from Brussels (1) . advance — there are always so many
trains, but I really regretted it. I arrived at the station at about six in the evening and then met
an old friend (2) chance — I hadn't seen him for years, so of course we had a coffee and
chatted for a while. Then I tried to book a ticket at the machine but it was (3) . order, so I
went to the sales desk. The girl behind the desk told me they had no tickets left for the trains
that evening. I couldn't believe that so I asked to speak to the person (4) . charge of
sales. She told me that it was true, because of problems with flights, but said I might find
tickets (5)sale on the Internet. So I went to an Internet café and got a ticket, but it was first
class and it was for the last train. (6) . the end, I got (7) home at about 3.00 a.m! Next
time I go (8) . holiday, I'll make sure I book all my tickets before I leave!

2 Match the underlined phrases with their meanings A—I.

0 Alice's new hairstyle looks really old- fashioned.A in
charge of I Sonia made a good impression at first.B out of
date
2 Julie didn't do it dell—ely. C in the
3 Teresa dismissed her PA in front of everyone. beginning
4 Gina finished the job with days to spare. D in
5 Maggie finally threw out the old sofa. public E in the
6 Fiona broke her leg when she was travelling for work. end F in time G
7 Bryony is responsible for about twenty people. on business
8 Jodie reached the coach at exactly the right time. H on purpose
Go online for more practice
 Practice

1 GRAMMAR IN USE Read

I on time
TANYA
Hi, Cal. How are things? at wark
CAL
Fine, though I seem to spend about eighty hours a week wefk these days!
TANYA
Poor you!
CAL
Have you and Ines finished that project you were working on?
TANYA
Yes, we finished it at the end. It took such a long time. We had to finish it by last in
the latest, and we sent it on Wednesday. Talking of Ines, have you heard the news?
CAL
No, what news?
TANYA
She's going back to the Spanish office. She says she's leaving London to good.
CAL
No! I know she came here in business at the beginning of her stay, but I thought she
loved London. How long has she been here?
TANYA
At last three years — maybe longer.
CAL
So why's she going back?
TANYA
Well, she thinks it's too expensive here, and she misses her family. But it isn't off the
question that she might come back for short visits.

(5 and a progress test 51

3 GRAMMAR IN USE Find six more mistakes with prepositional phrases and correct
them. 0) 2.36 Listen and check.

Go online for more practice

 Review MODULE 3
I UNITS 14 AND 15 Read the email and follow the route on the map. (Not all the places
are marked on the map.) Choose the correct prepositions.

Saturday at my place
Subject

Hi Karen and Chris

I'm so glad you can come and see my new apartment on Saturday. It only
takes about ten minutes to get here from the station. You turn right (0) into
ethe station into Broad Street and then go (1) across / to the street (2) on /
at the traffic lights. Go straight on, then walk (3) past / through the shopping
centre on your left. Turn left as you come (4) off/ out of the shopping centre,
cross the road, walk along opposite the centre, and turn right
(5) next to / under the cinema. Then turn right again. You go (6) past /
along a row of small shops and turn left — the river is right (7) in front of/
beside you now. Turn left and then go (8) above / over New Bridge. Go
straight on, and take the first right (9) by/ in the shoe shop. This is Crowley
Street, where I live. Go as far as the flower shop, which is (10) between /
among a clothes shop and a bakerS. Its (1 1) in front of / opposite the
Alhambra restaurant. I live (12) above / on the flower shop, on the second
floor. See you Saturday,
Louisa

2 UNITS 14 AND 15 Now match A—G on the map with the places in the
email. 0 Broad Street 4 the traffic lights
1 the cinema 5 the clothes shop
 2 the flower shop 6 the shoe shop

3 New Bridge

52
3 UNITS 15 AND 16 Complete the information with the words from the
box. along by during eve-FY into on out of through until

Manningham Quiz Club Treasure Treasure hunt No. 4 —directions to clue 1 Start at the
Hunt Join our quiz-based treasure Manningham Woods car park. When you get (3) . your
car, turn left and go the woods. Go (5)
hunts for some Sundayfun!
Follow the directions, and work out the clues the woods for 400 metres to the stream. Walk the stream
for to find out where the treasure is! Every another 200 metres. The first clue is attached to the
correctly completed form wins a prize! footbridge. You have (7) 5.00 p.m. to finish the
Treasure hunts are held (O) ..ey.q-y.. treasure hunt. Completed forms must be
second Sunday (I) . June, July handed to the organisers (8) 5.15 at the
and August. latest.
Treasure hunt No. 4 will take place Good luck!
Sunday 22 July, at 2.00
p.m.

4 UNITS 16, 17 AND 18 Put a line through

the incorrect word in each group.
0 We went by ... car / feet / train.
1 It should last for ... ever / hours / least.
2 That machine is out of ... date / order / time.
3 He contacted me by ... pen / email / text message.
4 They were on ... business / time / work.
5 They arrived at ... here / last / work.
6 We talked to each other in ... plane / private / the end.
7 He completed the task with ... a blue pen / email / some friends.

5 ALL UNITS Complete the second sentence so it means the same as the first,
using the words in brackets. Use two to five words in your answer.
0 Maria told those lies intentionally, didn't she? (on)
Maria told those lies an purppse , didn't she?
1 We were delayed on the motorway because a car was burning. (on)
We were delayed on the motorway because there was a car
2 The performance starts at eight and finishes at ten in the evening. (from) The performance
lasts in the evening. 3 1'd like to speak to the person responsible for
sales. (in) I'd like to speak to the person sales.
4 Apart from Jonathan, the whole team played well. (for)
 The whole team played well Jonathan.
5 Jim always sits behind Alan in the class. (of)
Alan always sits . in the class.
6 Sandra always wears incredibly old-fashioned clothes. (out)
Sandra's clothes are always incredibly 7
Meet us back at the car no later than six o'clock. (at) Meet us
back at the car by six o'clock
8 You get a lot more exercise if you walk to work. (on)
You get a lot more exercise if you go to work

53
 Test MODULE 3
Prepositions
Choose the correct answer, A, B or C.
1 You can apply for a loan by . the number below or in person at one
of our branches.
A call B called C calling > Unit 14 2 It was pouring with rain outside so I
had to wait for Joethe theatre.

A at B in C on > Unit 14 3 Don't put things . the microwave when

it's on as it gets very hot.
A above B on top of C over > Unit 14 4 It's impossible to find anything all
these books and papers!
A among B between C opposite > Unit 14 5 Come down that wall immediately!
It's too high to play on.
A out of B off C off of > Unit 15 6 There are lots of really lovely walks the
River Thames.
A past B through C along > Unit 15 7 We flew the Rhine on the way to
Berlin — it was really beautiful.
A across B over C through > Unit 15 8 Don't shout . me! I hate it when
you lose your temper.
A to B on C at> Unit 15 9 1 prefer not to go to meetings . Friday
afternoons.
A in B at C on > Unit 16
10 1 still haven't heard anything from the interview I had Monday.
A at last B on last C last > Unit 16
11 The hotel is closed for repairs . the end of February.
A until B within C by > Unit 16
12 1 sometimes fall asleep his lectures — they're so boring!
A during B for C within > Unit 16 13 Please don't cut your potatoes .
a knife — it's considered rude here.
A for B by C with > Unit 17 14 1 love your perfume — it really smells roses.
A like B as C from > Unit 17
15 'Have you got enough cash?' 'No, I'll pay . credit card.'
A with B in C by > Unit 17 16 1 like all flavours of ice cream for
strawberry.
A apart B besides C except > Unit 17 17 Stay where you are. I'll come .
and pick you up immediately.
 A there B to there C at there > Unit 18 18 It will take about three
hours to do this work, at .

A last B least C the latest > Unit 18 19 The film is good but there's a lot of
violencethe end.

A in B on C at > Unit 18 20 The plane was due to arrive at 5.15 and it landed
right . time.
A on B in C at > Unit 18

54 (5 Go online for a full exit test