EnE-508

-Industrial & Hazardous Waste

Management(IHWM)

Lecture 7- Treatment
technologies for industrial
wastewater

Engr. Gul-E-Hina
Lecturer,
Institute of Environmental Engineering & Research (IEER)
University of Engineering and Technology, Lahore

gulehina@uet.edu.pk
Equalization
Basin
 Equalization

Equalization is the operation aimed at eliminating or

minimizing the problems associated with
fluctuations in wastewater flow and characteristics.

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Purpose of Equalization Basin for Industrial treatment facilities:

1 To minimize fluctuations in flow rate to the

treatment plant.

2 Toprovide
To provide reduction
reduction of organic
of organic fluctuations
fluctuations in order
in order to prevent shock loading of
to prevent shock loading of biological systems.
biological systems.

3
3 Reduce fluctuations in wastewater pH .

4 To minimize chemical requirements

necessary for neutralization.

To minimize flow surges to physical-chemical

5 treatment systems and permit chemical feed
rates compatible with feeding equipment.

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Purpose of Equalization Basin for Industrial treatment facilities:

6
To provide continuous feed to biological systems
over periods when the manufacturing plant is not
operating.

To provide capacity for controlled discharge of

7
wastes to municipal systems in order to distribute
waste loads more evenly.

8 To prevent high concentration of toxic materials

from entering the biological treatment plant..

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 Classification of Equalization Operations

Flow
Equalization
Flow and
(elimination or
Concentration
dampening of
Equalization
wastewater
flow variations)
Concentration
Equalization
(dampening of
concentration
fluctuations in
wastewater)

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 Application of Equalization Basin
• Equalization may be either online(In line) or offline(Side
line) as shown in figure below:

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 Equalization Mixing
Mixing
• To ensure adequate equalization and to prevent
settleable solids from depositing in the basin
• Reduction in BOD may be achieved through mixing
and aeration
Methods
• Distribution of inlet flow and baffling
• Turbine mixing
• Diffused air aeration
• Mechanical aeration
• Submerged mixers

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 Flow Equalization

Principle Design Parameter:

• Size and type of basin varies with quantity of waste
and the variability of the wastewater stream

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 Flow Equalization
Design Consideration

Qin Qout

Qin= Qout
Constant Volume Equalization basin
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 Flow Equalization
Design Consideration

High level
Low level
Qin Qout

Qin= Variable
Qout= Constant
Variable Volume Equalization basin
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 Flow Equalization
• Development of mass diagram is an excellent method for
determining the required size of a basin.

• For flow equalization, the cumulative flow is plotted versus

time over the equalization period.

• The maximum volume with respect to the constant discharge

line is the equalization volume required.

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Flow Equalization-Mass Diagram

Total Outflow
volume
of basin

Inflow

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 Flow Equalization-Mass Diagram
Total volume=Max.Volume+ Min.Volume

Maximum Volume
Outflow

Minimum Volume
Inflow

18-October-2016 Lecture # 7 EnE=505- Industrial & Hazardous Waste Management ,IEER, UET Lahore 14
 Flow Equalization
Design a flow equalization basin for a constant outflow rate for the
following data:
Time Flow Sr.N Time Flow
Sr.N
(hr) (gal/min) o. (hr) (gal/min)
o.

1 8 50
14 9 200
2 9 92
15 10 80
3 10 230
16 11 60
4 11 310
17 12 70
5 12 270
18 1 55
6 1 140
19 2 40
7 2 90
20 3 70
8 3 110
21 4 75
9 4 80 22 5 45
10 5 150 23 6 55
11 6 230 24 7 35
12 7 305
13 8 380

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Practice Problem Time(hr) Flow (L/s)
1 120
2 100
3 80
4 62.5
5 56
Design a flow equalization basin for 6 59
a constant outflow rate for the 7 77.5
8 105
following data. Also calculate the 9 147.5
maximum and minimum volume 10 183.5
11 189.5
required for a flow equalization 12 196.5
basin 1 172.5
2 165
3 161
4 157
5 158
6 162
7 167.5
8 173
9 167.5
10 173
11 157.5
12 142.5
 Concentration Equalization

Q out
Q in
BOD out
BOD in
V start V end
BOD start BOD end

Mass- Balance: Input = Output

(Q in * BOD in) +(V start * BOD start )= (Q out* BOD out ) +(V end * BOD end )
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Steps for Finding Capacity of Equalization Basin(Concentration Equalization)

1. Calculate the Wastewater volumes entering the

equalization tank during each time interval (inflow).
2. Calculate Wastewater volumes pumping out from
the equalization tank(Out flow).
3. Calculate cumulative influent volume.
4. Calculate the change in storage during each
interval.
5. Calculate the cumulative change in storage from a
interval where tank is near to empty.
6. The effect of flow equalization of BOD mass loading
rate.
7. The necessary computations will start from the
interval when the tank is empty.
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 Concentration Equalization
Calculate the min. operating volume of constant outflow rate of equalization basin.
Also calculate equalized effluent BOD conc. And draw the influent and effluent BOD
conc. Vs time.

Time Flow BOD

Sr.No. (hr) (m3/min) (mg/L)

1 8-10PM 1.7 920

2 10-12N 2.34 1130
3 12-2 3.18 1457
4 2-4 3.02 1525
5 4-6 1.29 910
6 6-8 1.02 512
7 8-10 2.15 1210
8 10-12M 4.16 1520
9 12-2 4.54 1745
10 2-4 3.02 820
11 4-6 1.93 410
12 6-8 2.15 490

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 Assisgment

Calculate the min. operating volume of constant outflow

rate of equalization basin. Also calculate equalized effluent
BOD conc. And dram the influent and effluent BOD conc.
Vs time.

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 Suggested readings

• Industrial Pollution Control , W.W Eckenfelder, Mc Graw Hill

(Latest Edition), Page No.51-75

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