Technique of work

Our Project

In order to get the desired jammer, there are many stages and steps in the
designed device. As we said, the project consists of such components act together in a
complementary way to achieve the mentioned goal of jamming.

Jammer which we built, has several electrical components; such as PIC

16F877A, LCD, voltage regulators, analog switch, VCOs, antenna, power amplifiers,
resistors, capacitors and potentiometers. But the question is:" How do these
components cooperate in a coordinative manner to achieve jamming?? ", the
following lines will answer this.

We can think of our project as a collection of missions; these missions are

generation, modulation, amplification and transmission of the signal. Besides, there is
the illustration and control mission.

Before we start our representation about the operations on the signal, we will
talk about the illustration and control mission, whose achievement is depending on
many used equipments; such LCD and PIC 16F877A, which partakes other missions.
LCD displays important information about jamming; such as jammed carrier and
jamming level, and its options and characteristics are controlled by mentioned PIC.

To change level of jamming and jammed carrier, there are controlling buttons
connected to PIC 16F877A, some of these buttons are for level of jamming and the
others are for jammed carrier. To change level, we change power of the generated
signal in the PIC so we could control the jammed area. More ever, to change jammed
carrier we can switch off one generated signal while the other one is on, there are two
generated signals, so one band will be jammed and other one will not, both bands will
be jammed, or both will not.

Here, the importance of PIC 16F877A is clear in both illustration and control,
and success of this PIC is controlled by the code written, so due to its importance, a
complete chapter is written to present the code.

For the operations on the signal, the story begins inside PIC 16F877A,
namely, in PORT C, who has a capability of generating PWM (Pulse With
Modulation). This PWM vibrate in magnitude between 0 – 5 volts, and its frequency
is 500 Hz. Thus, we generate the signal which we want, and we can change its
characteristics to satisfy our requirements.

RF stage is one in which we will modulate the generated signal to the wanted
frequency. It is the most important stage, since its output will interface with the
carriers and thus mobiles will be jammed. This stage consists of: VCO, power
amplifiers and antennas,

VCO changes frequency of its output depending on the voltage of its input in a
proportional relationship, so by changing its input voltage we can change its output
frequency. It could be considered as the heart of RF stage, since it performs the major
function in RF of modulation. With DC in input, the output of VCO will be a
specified frequency, so in order to cover each of two bands on which carriers are
existing input should not be DC, it could be a triangular waveform or any suitable AC
one, which will span a specific frequency range.

The VCOs should cover the bands we need (GSM 925-970 MHz and DCS
1785-1900), available in low cost and run at low power consumption. We chose ones
of type CVCO55BE whose characteristics satisfies our conditions.

But unfortunately, output of the chosen type of VCO which has a power of 5
dBm doesn't satisfy our needs, so we added two power amplifiers to increase its gain
to a level enough to be transmitted and reaches needed distances. Because when
signal is transmitted it will face attenuation and noise from many sources, so it should
have enough gain to resist against these damping factors in order to reach to distance
which we want. The gain of our power amplifier is 34 dBm which is suitable and
enough to our needs.
 In transmitting, suitable antenna is necessary component, antenna's system
must be matched to the transmission system so as to have optimal power transfer. In
our project, we used two 1/4 wavelength monopole antennas, with 50 Ω input
impedance so that the antennas are matched to the system. We used monopole
antenna since the radiation pattern is omni-directional.