Hetepheres I

Hetepheres I was a Queen of Egypt during the Fourth Dynasty

of Egypt (c. 2600 BC)

Hetepheres I may have been a wife of pharaoh Snefru, and the

mother of King Khufu. It is possible that Hetepheres was only a
minor wife of Snefru and only rose in prominence after her son
ascended the throne. She was the grandmother of Kings
Djedefre and Khafre and Queen Hetepheres II. Her titles
include: King's Mother (mwt-niswt), Mother of the King of the
Two Lands (mwt-niswt-biti), Attendant of Horus (ḫt-hrw), and
God's Daughter of his body (s3t-nṯr-nt-ẖt.f).[2] Hetepheres I's
marriage to Snefru solidified his rise to the throne. Two great
lines were joined when they married, as she had carried the
blood royal from one dynasty to the next. Her title as "Daughter
to the God" began when her father, Huni, ruled, and continued
when she married Snefru and gave birth to the next ruler,
Khufu, who is the one who commissioned her tomb and
pyramid.

King khufu is known because of the great pyramid of giza that

he built and served as his tomb. Maybe he learned this act from
his father King Snerfu who build the Bent pyramid, medium
pyramid, and Red pyramid that serves as his final resting place.
For king khufu her mother is very important to him so the tomb
of her mother was near the great Pyramid of giza. On the 9th of
March, 1925, while the leader of the expedition, George
Reisner, was back in the US, the staff photographer noticed a
patch of plaster where he was expecting limestone, they
cleared the area and removed the plaster, revealing a deep
shaft. They dug down 85 feet before reaching a masonry wall
which, when penetrated revealed a jumble of grave goods
including a white alabaster sarcophagus, gold encased rods
used to frame a canopy or tent, gold, wood furniture, and
more.

Reisner concluded that this represented a secret reburial,

possibly because robbers had gotten into the original tomb. By
April, he had identified the owner of the tomb as Hetepheres,
In 1927 they gathered to open the sarcophagus only to find
that it was empty

Reisner conjectured that Hetepheres had been originally buried

near her husband's pyramid in Dahshur, but the tomb was
broken into shortly after her burial. He thought the robbers had
opened the sarcophagus, stolen the mummy with all its gold
trappings, but had fled before taking the rest of the treasures.
Reisner proposed that the officials responsible for the tomb, in
order to avoid his wrath, told Khufu that the mummy was still
safely inside the sarcophagus. Khufu then ordered the
sarcophagus and all the funerary equipment reburied at Giza,
near his own pyramid.

Grave treasures
Hetepheres' sarcophagus and funerary furniture were
discovered in 1925 near the satellite pyramids of the Great
Pyramid of Giza in shaft G 7000X of a pit tomb.[1] Although the
sarcophagus was sealed and the Canopic chest were intact,
Hetepheres' mummy was missing. The chest, a large square box
with four smaller square compartments inside, is one of the
oldest examples known, so it has been suggested that
Hetepheres may have been one of the first Egyptian royals to
have her organs preserved. Of the four interior squares all
contained organic matter but two of the squares also contained
liquid. Ensuing test revealed the liquid to be a three percent
solution of Egyptian natron in water, which was used in the
mummification process

The contents of the tomb provide us with many details of the

luxury and ways of life of the Fourth Dynasty of Egypt. The
items found in the tomb are on display at the Egyptian Museum
in Cairo, with replicas of the main funerary furnishings in the
Museum of Fine Arts in Boston, Massachusetts.[10]
The funeral furniture in G 7000X included the following items:
[11]

Bed canopy — (inscribed), gold covered, presented by Snefru,

in Cairo Museum Ent. 57711 (restored).
Bed with inlaid footboard— gold covered, in Cairo Museum Ent.
53261 (restored).
Curtain box (inscribed) — gold covered, faience inlaid,
presented by Snefru, with King seated on north end, and names
and winged disk on south end, in Cairo Museum Ent. 72030
(restored).
Armchair with papyrus — flower decoration, gold covered, in
Cairo Museum Ent. 53263 (restored).
Armchair — with inlays of Neith-standards on both faces of
back, with hawk standing on palm column on arms (wood
perished), gold covered, in Cairo Museum (recreated 2016).[12]
Gold fragments — with deceased seated smelling lotus,
probably from lid of small box, in Cairo Museum.
Palanquins (inscribed on back) — gold covered, in Cairo
Museum Ent. 52372 (restored).
Remains of tubular leather case — containing two long staves
covered with gold ribbed casing and wooden stick with inlaid
Min-emblem decoration, in Cairo Museum. (89619 a and b).
Chest — with inlaid lid with text and Min-emblem decoration,
gold covered, in Cairo Museum. The chest contained a box with
eight alabaster ointment jars (inscribed) in stand, and copper
toilet-spoon, a box (inscribed), gold covered, containing silver
bracelets with butterfly design, and a head-rest, wood, covered
with gold and silver (uninscribed).
Sarcophagus — alabaster.
Canopic box — alabaster.

Trivia
Ang ancient Egypt ay pinamumunuan ng dalawang tao. Isang
babae at isang lalaki. Maraming nagiing reyna ang Egypt ngunit
kakaunti lamang ang nagiging pharaoh may tinatayang anim na
babang pharaoh lamang. Ang ibang reyna tulad ni hetepheres
ay nagging co regent lamang ni King Snerfu.

Nefertiti
Neferneferuaten Nefertiti was a queen of the 18th Dynasty of
Ancient Egypt, the Great Royal Wife of Pharaoh Akhenaten.
Nefertiti and her husband were known for a religious
revolution, in which they worshipped one god only, Aten, or the
sun disc. With her husband, she reigned at what was arguably
the wealthiest period of Ancient Egyptian history.[4] Some
scholars believe that Nefertiti ruled briefly as Neferneferuaten
after her husband's death and before the ascension of
Tutankhamun, although this identification is a matter of
ongoing debate.[5][6] If Nefertiti did rule as Pharaoh, her reign
was marked by the fall of Amarna and relocation of the capital
back to the traditional city of Thebes.[7]

She was made famous by her bust, now in Berlin's Neues

Museum. The bust is one of the most copied works of ancient
Egypt. It was attributed to the sculptor Thutmose, and it was
found in his workshop.

Nefertiti had many titles including:

Hereditary Princess (iryt-p`t)
Great of Praises (wrt-Hzwt)
Lady of Grace (nbt-im3t)
Sweet of Love (bnrt-mrwt)
Lady of The Two Lands (nbt-t3wy)
Main King's Wife, his beloved (Hmt-nswt-‘3t mryt.f)
Great King's Wife, his beloved (Hmt-nswt-wrt mryt.f)
Lady of All Women (Hnwt-Hmwt-nbwt)
Mistress of Upper & Lower Egypt (Hnwt-Shm’w-mhw).[8]
The daughters of ahkenaten and nefertiti
Meritaten: No later than year 1.
Meketaten: Year 4.
Ankhesenpaaten, later known as Ankhesenamun, wife of
Tutankhamun
Neferneferuaten Tasherit: Year 8.
Neferneferure: Year 9.
Setepenre: Year 11.

Death
Nefertiti's burial was intended to be made within the Royal
Tomb as laid out in the Boundary Stelae.[35] It is possible that
the unfinished annex of the Royal Tomb was intended for her
use.[36] However, given that Akhenaten appears to have
predeceased her it is highly unlikely she was ever buried there.
One shabti is known to have been made for her.[37] The
unfinished Tomb 29, which would have been of very similar
dimensions to the Royal Tomb had it been finished, is the most
likely candidate for a tomb begun for Nefertiti's exclusive use.
[38] Given that it lacks a burial chamber, she was not interred
there either.
In 2015, English archaeologist Nicholas Reeves announced that
he had discovered evidence in high resolution scans of
Tutankhamun's tomb "indications of two previously unknown
doorways, one set within a larger partition wall and both
seemingly untouched since antiquity ... To the north [there]
appears to be signaled a continuation of tomb KV62, and within
these uncharted depths an earlier royal interment – that of
Nefertiti herself."[39] Radar scans conducted in November
2015 by Japanese radar expert Hirokatsu Watanabe seemed to
confirm Reeves' theory that there were likely voids behind the
northern and westerns walls of Tutankhamun's burial chamber.
[40] A second radar scan could not replicate Watanabe's
results. A third radar scan has eliminated the possibility that
there are any hidden chambers.[41] The positive findings of the
first GPR scan were likely a result of 'ghost' reflections of the
signal from the walls.[42]

In 1898, French archeologist Victor Loret found two female

mummies among those cached inside the tomb of Amenhotep
II in KV35 in the Valley of the Kings. These two mummies,
known as 'The Elder Lady' and 'The Younger Lady', were
identified as likely candidates of her remains.

An article in KMT magazine in 2001 suggested that the Elder

Lady may be Nefertiti's body.[43] It was argued that the
evidence suggests that the mummy is around her mid-thirties
or early forties, Nefertiti's guessed age of death. More evidence
to support this identification was that the mummy's teeth look
like that of a 29- to 38-year-old, Nefertiti's most likely age of
death. Also, unfinished busts of Nefertiti appear to resemble
the mummy's face, though other suggestions included
Ankhesenamun.

However, it eventually became apparent that the 'Elder Lady' is

in fact Queen Tiye, mother of Akhenaten. A lock of hair found in
a coffinette bearing an inscription naming Queen Tiye proved a
near perfect match to the hair of the 'Elder Lady'.[44] DNA
analysis has revealed that she was the daughter of Yuya and
Thuya, who were the parents of Queen Tiye, thus ruling her out
as Nefertiti.[45]
Trivia
Family strokes
May sinusunod na tradition ang mga royal sa Egypt at iyo ay
ang asawahin ang kapati, magulang, pinsan o kung sino mang
kasapi mo sa pamilya. Ginagawa ang ganitong tradisyon upang
mapanatili ang royal blood para bang gusto nilang mapanatili
na puro ang kanilang dugo. Tulad na lamang nina Akhenaten at
Nefertiti na mag pinsan at sina Tutankhamun at Ankhesenamun
na mag step bro and step sis. Sinasabi na hindi raw anak ni
Nefertiti si tutankhamun pero hindi pa rin maalis ang
katotohanang parehas sila ng ama. Si tutankhamun ay nagdusa
sa maraming sakit dahil sa inbreeding nangyari. Kaya naman
namatay siya sa edad na labing siyam.

Sa akin ikaw parin ang baby ko

Maraming patunay na talagang nagmamahalan sina ahkenaten
at Nefertiti. Isa na rito ang pintang sila ay nag hahalikan sa
publiko noong sila ay dumalo sa isang piyesta. Madalas din
silang mga pda. Sinuportahan ni Nefertiti si ahkenaten sa lahat
ng mga gawain na ito lalo na ng pagpapatupad ng pagsamba sa
iisang diyos lamang, andiyan sila para sa isa’t isa sa hirap at
ginhawa.

The bust
Kung mapapansin ninyo mayroong puti sa kaniyang kaliwang
mata. Ano kaya ito? May dalawang teoría ukol dito
Ang una ay bulag o di kaya raw ay may ophthalmic infection ito
dahil ito ang ipinapakita sa iba niyang statues.
Ang pangalawa naman ay may gusto sa kaniya si thutmose na
gumawa ng kaniyang pigura. Ilang beses itong nireject ni
Nefertiti kaya naman sa sobrang galit nito ay tinanggalan niya
ito ng isang mata upang maging hindi kaaya aya ang kaniyang
itsura. Pero kahit wala naman siyang isang mata ay makikita
nating maganda talaga siya.
The curse
Since pinaguusapan nalang din natin si tutankhamun. Noong
aksidente silang nahanap nina howard carter at ng grupo nito
sa valley of the kings. Tuwang tuwa sila nang mahanap ito
ngunit ilang lingo pa lamang pagkatapos nila itong mahanap ay
may namatay sa kanila . kya naman naisip ng mga tao na
nasumpa sila na may sumap ang libingan nila king tut. Lahat ng
nakahanap kay king tut ay namatay ang iba dahil sa di matukoy
na sa kit, ang iba naman ay nagpakamatay dahil sa takot.

Hatshepsut
One of ancient Egypt’s most prosperous rulers, profitable
traders, and prolific builders was also the first (and arguably
only) Pharaoh to rule Egypt as a King rather than a Queen.
Hatshepsut reigned peacefully for over twenty years in the 15th
century BC, ushering in a renaissance that marked the
beginning of the New Kingdom period in ancient Egyptian
history.
If you’ve never heard of her, there’s a reason for that. Twenty
years after her nephew Thutmose III assumed the throne, most
of Hatshepsut’s inscriptions and iconography were defaced or
destroyed, her name and title are removed, and monuments in
her image vandalized: ostensibly part of a concentrated
political effort by Thutmose to erase his predecessor in order to
ensure the legitimacy of his son’s ascension to the throne. The
full impact of this on Hatshepsut’s legacy was felt for over three
thousand years, as she was effectively forgotten by history until
20th century archaeologists began uncovering the truth about
her reign.
What made Hatshepsut so threatening to the existing royal
order, even decades after she ruled? Her gender, mainly (okay,
mostly). Although women in Egypt had more rights and greater
status than those in many other ancient societies, a female
Pharaoh was totally unheard of… until Hatshepsut made the
daring power play of promoting herself from Queen Regent for
her young nephew to King in her own right as the firstborn heir
of Thutmose I. Hatshepsut claimed that her father had named
her as his rightful successor, saying on his death bed, “This
daughter of mine, Hatshepsut, I have appointed as my
successor upon my throne… she shall direct the people in every
sphere of the palace; it is she indeed who shall lead you. Obey
her words; unite yourselves at her command.” True or not, it
was a pretty good story — and one that ensured her divine
right to the throne.
At first, Hatshepsut felt the need to downplay her
unconventional position by combining male and female
iconography in her statues and reliefs: in many early depictions
of her, she is shown with the body of a woman but the
traditionally male headdress of a Pharaoh, or dressed in an
ankle-length gown but with her legs wide apart in the pose of a
man. Later, however, Hatshepsut fully asserted her authority by
presenting herself as a male King — no apologies! — complete
with a beard and muscles.
Though she died around 1458 BC, when she was in her mid-
forties, her long reign (which lasted without any military
conflict) left the kingdom richer and more impressive than it
had been in centuries. Hatshepsut in power brought Egypt vast
riches from new trading expeditions that she channeled into
her many ambitious building projects, including one of the most
architecturally awe-inspiring buildings surviving from ancient
Egypt: her massive mortuary temple in the Valley of the Kings.
An inscription on one of her obelisks at Karnak shows us how
much value Hatshepsut placed on her reputation and her
legacy: “Now my heart turns this way and that as I think of
what the people will say. Those who see my monuments in
years to come, and who shall speak of what I have done.” It
may have taken several millennia for her to be given full credit
for her audacity, her innovation, and her refusal to accept
anything less than greatness despite the societal limitations of
her gender — but today, no one can deny Hatshepsut’s impact
on history.

Si Hatshepsut ay kinilala bilang isa sa pinakmagaling na pinuno

sa buong mundo. Kinakailangan niyang maging hari imbes na
reyna upang makuha niya ang trono. Isa rin sa mga dahilan
kung bakit Nawala ang mga records patungkol sa kaniya ay
dahil nang malaman ng mga tao na babae talaga siya ay galit na
glit ito sa kaniya dahilan upang patayin siya at balewalain ang
kaniyang mga pinaghirapang ginawa para sa Egypt.

Cleopatra VII
Cleopatra VII ruled ancient Egypt as co-regent (first with her
father, then with her two younger brothers and finally with her
son) for almost three decades. She was part of a dynasty of
Macedonian rulers founded by Ptolemy, who served as general
under Alexander the Great during his conquest of Egypt in 332
B.C. Well-educated and clever, Cleopatra could speak various
languages and served as the dominant ruler in all three of her
co-regencies. Her romantic liaisons and military alliances with
the Roman leaders Julius Caesar and Mark Antony, as well as
her supposed exotic beauty and powers of seduction, earned
her an enduring place in history and popular myth.

Cleopatra: Early Life and Ascension to Throne

Since no contemporary accounts exist of Cleopatra’s life, it is
difficult to piece together her biography with much certainty.
Much of what is known about her life comes from the work of
Greco-Roman scholars, particularly Plutarch. Born in 70 or 69
B.C., Cleopatra was a daughter of Ptolemy XII (Auletes), a
descendant of Ptolemy I Soter, one of Alexander The Great’s
generals and the founder of the Ptolemaic line in Egypt. Her
mother was believed to be Cleopatra V Tryphaena, the king’s
wife (and possibly his half-sister). In 51 B.C., upon the
apparently natural death of Auletes, the Egyptian throne
passed to 18-year-old Cleopatra and her 10-year-old brother,
Ptolemy XIII.

Did you know? In the days between Cleopatra's death and

Octavian's formal annexation of Egypt, her 16-year-old son
Caesarion was officially sole ruler. He had no way of taking
power, however, and was captured and executed shortly after
his mother's suicide.

Soon after the siblings’ ascension to the throne, Ptolemy’s

advisers acted against Cleopatra, who was forced to flee Egypt
for Syria in 49 B.C. She raised an army of mercenaries and
returned the following year to face her brother’s forces in a civil
war at Pelusium, on Egypt’s eastern border. Meanwhile, after
allowing the Roman general Pompey to be murdered, Ptolemy
XIII welcomed the arrival of Pompey’s rival, Julius Caesar, to
Alexandria. In order to help her cause, Cleopatra sought
Caesar’s support, reportedly smuggling herself into the royal
palace to plead her case with him.

Caesar and Cleopatra

For his part, Caesar needed to fund his own return to power in
Rome, and needed Egypt to repay the debts incurred by
Auletes. After four months of war between Caesar’s
outnumbered forces and those of Ptolemy XIII, Roman
reinforcements arrived; Ptolemy was forced to flee Alexandria,
and was believed to have drowned in the Nile River. Entering
Alexandria as an unpopular conqueror, Caesar restored the
throne to the equally unpopular Cleopatra and her younger
brother Ptolemy XIV (then 13 years old). Caesar remained in
Egypt with Cleopatra for a time, and around 47 B.C. she gave
birth to a son, Ptolemy Caesar. He was believed to be Caesar’s
child, and was known by the Egyptian people as Caesarion, or
Little Caesar.

Sometime in 46-45 B.C., Cleopatra traveled with Ptolemy XIV

and Caesarion to Rome to visit Caesar, who had returned
earlier. After Caesar was murdered in March 44 B.C., Cleopatra
went back to Egypt; Ptolemy XIV was killed soon after (possibly
by Cleopatra’s agents) and the three-year-old Caesarion was
named co-regent with his mother, as Ptolemy XV. By this point,
Cleopatra had strongly identified herself with the goddess Isis,
the sister-wife of Osiris and mother of Horus. (This was
consistent with the ancient Egyptian tradition of associating
royalty with divinity in order to reinforce the position of kings
and queens. Cleopatra III had also claimed to be associated
with Isis, and Cleopatra VII was referred to as the “New Isis.”)
She spoke as many as a dozen languages and was renowned for
her “irresistible charm,” according to Plutarch.

Cleopatra’s Seduction of Mark Antony

With her infant son as co-regent, Cleopatra’s hold on power in
Egypt was more secure than it had ever been. Still, unreliable
flooding of the Nile resulted in failing crops, leading to inflation
and hunger. Meanwhile, a conflict was raging in Rome between
a second triumvirate of Caesar’s allies (Mark Antony, Octavian
and Lepidus) and his assassins, Brutus and Cassius. Both sides
asked for Egyptian support, and after some stalling Cleopatra
sent four Roman legions stationed in Egypt by Caesar to
support the triumvirate. In 42 B.C., after defeating the forces of
Brutus and Cassius in the battles of Philippi, Mark Antony and
Octavian divided power in Rome.

Mark Antony soon summoned Cleopatra to the Cicilian city of

Tarsus (south of modern Turkey) to explain the role she had
played in the complicated aftermath of Caesar’s assassination.
According to the story recorded by Plutarch (and later
dramatized famously by William Shakespeare), Cleopatra sailed
to Tarsus in an elaborate ship, dressed in the robes of Isis.
Antony, who associated himself with the Greek deity Dionysus,
was seduced by her charms.

He agreed to protect Egypt and Cleopatra’s crown, pledging

support for the removal of her younger sister and rival Arsinoe,
then in exile. Cleopatra returned to Egypt, followed shortly
thereafter by Antony, who left behind his third wife, Fulvia, and
their children in Rome. He spent the winter of 41-40 B.C. in
Alexandria, during which he and Cleopatra famously formed a
drinking society called “The Inimitable Livers.” In 40 B.C., after
Antony’s return to Rome, Cleopatra gave birth to twins,
Alexander Helios (sun) and Cleopatra Selene (moon).

Cleopatra: Power Struggle

After Fulvia took ill and died, Antony was forced to prove his
loyalty to Octavian by making a diplomatic marriage with
Octavian’s half-sister Octavia. Egypt grew more prosperous
under Cleopatra’s rule, and in 37 B.C. Antony again met with
Cleopatra to obtain funds for his long-delayed military
campaign against the kingdom of Parthia. In exchange, he
agreed to return much of Egypt’s eastern empire, including
Cyprus, Crete, Cyrenaica (Libya), Jericho and large portions of
Syria and Lebanon. They again became lovers, and Cleopatra
gave birth to another son, Ptolemy Philadelphos, in 36 B.C.
After a humiliating defeat in Parthia, Antony publicly rejected
his wife Octavia’s efforts to rejoin him and instead returned to
Egypt and Cleopatra. In a public celebration in 34 B.C. known as
the “Donations of Alexandria,” Antony declared Caesarion as
Caesar’s son and rightful heir (as opposed to his adopted son,
Octavian) and awarded land to each of his children with
Cleopatra. This began a war of propaganda between him and
the furious Octavian, who claimed that Antony was entirely
under Cleopatra’s control and would abandon Rome and found
a new capital in Egypt. In late 32 B.C., the Roman Senate
stripped Antony of all his titles, and Octavian declared war on
Cleopatra.

Cleopatra: Defeat and Death

On September 2, 31 B.C., Octavian’s forces soundly defeated
those of Antony and Cleopatra in the Battle of Actium.
Cleopatra’s ships deserted the battle and fled to Egypt, and
Antony soon managed to break away and follow her with a few
ships. With Alexandria under attack from Octavian’s forces,
Antony heard a rumor that Cleopatra had committed suicide.
He fell on his sword, and died just as news arrived that the
rumor had been false.
On August 12, 30 B.C., after burying Antony and meeting with
the victorious Octavian, Cleopatra closed herself in her
chamber with two of her female servants. The means of her
death is uncertain, but Plutarch and other writers advanced the
theory that she used a poisonous snake known as the asp, a
symbol of divine royalty, to commit suicide at age 39. According
to her wishes, Cleopatra’s body was buried with Antony’s,
leaving Octavian (later Emperor Augustus I) to celebrate his
conquest of Egypt and his consolidation of power in Rome.

True beauty
Sikat si cleopatra sa angkin nitong ganda. Ngunit ayon lamang
iyo sa istorya ni William shakespear. Sa katunayan ay may saad
si mark antony at marami pang tao na nakakita sa kaniya na ang
kaniyang itsura ay pangkaraniwan lamang. Nagging kaaakit akit
siya dahil sa talion at tapaang nitong taglay. At ginamit niya rin
ang kaniyang katawan upang makuha ang mga gusto nito.

Romeo take me somewhere we can be alone

Ang buhay ni cleopatra ay naging tragic nang dumating sa
kaniyang buhay si mark antony na kasapi sa second triumvirate.
Sinabi ni octavian na dapat hatiin nila ang rome sa tatlong parte
at pamunuan nila yon ng hiwa hiwalay. Napunta si mark antony
sa west kung saan nandoon ang egypt, si octavian sa east at sa
Africa naman si Lepidus. Pagkadating na pagkadating ni mark
antony sa Alexandria ay agad siyang inakit ni cleopatra
nakadamit ito na parang si goddess Aphrodite. Nagkaroon sila
ng fraternal twins na sina cleopatra selene at alexander helios.
Labis silang nagmamahalan dalawa kahit na kasal si mark
antony sa kapatid ni octavian. Tinlungan din ni antony si
cleopatra na pataaying ang kapatid nitong babae na si arsinoe.
Pinapatay siya ni antony sa loob ng templo ni venus. Ginawa ito
ni cleopatra dahil ayaw niyang maagawan ng trono dahil
minsan na ring pinamunuan ni arsinoe ang egypt. hinirang ni
mark antony si caesarion na tunay na tagapagmana ni julis
ceasar na tama nga naman dahil siya ang kaisa-isang biological
son ni ceasar. Kaya naman nang dumating kay octaviana ng
balita ay tiningnan niya na bilang isang kaaway si ceasarion at
plinano na patayin ito dahil baka makuha nito ang mga pamana
ni Julius ceasar sa kaniya, at nangangamba rin siya dahil ampon
lamang siya ni ceasar talog talo siya kay ceasarion. Kaya naman
nagdeklara siya ng digmaan kina mark antony at cleopatra. Sa
huli ay natalo ang pinagsamang hukbo nina cleopatra at mark
antony sa labanan sa greece.

In another life i will be your girl

Labis na nalungkot sina cleopatra at mark antony. Dahil bukod
sa natalo sila ay pinagbabantaan sila ni octavian na susunugin
ang buong Alexandria kung hindi sila susuko. Lungkot na
lungkot sila dahil mabilis na bumabagsak ang kanilang kaharian
na pinamunuan.kaya naman naisip ni antony na magpakamatay
sila napagkasunduan nila ni cleopatra na sabay sila
magpakamatay kinabukasan. Ngunit nagkaroon ng lihim na
kasunduan sina cleopatra at ocavian. Napagkasundo nila na
magtulungan at sumuko ang Egypt sa kapangyarihan ni
octavian at papanatilihing reyna si cleopatra ng Egypt. Kaya
naman kinabukasan ay nagpanggap si cleopatra na mas nauna
na siyang nagpakamatay kaya naman sumunod agad si antony
sinaksak niya ang kaiyang sarili gamit ang roman sword dahil
nais niyang patunayan at mamatay bilang isang roman at hindi
Egyptian. Pagkatapos noon ay nagkaroon ng pagpupulong si
cleopatra at octavian, dahil inimbitahan isiya ni octvian na
pumunta sa rome at nagkaroon pa sila ng maraming
kasunduan. Sinubukan ni cleopatra na akitin si octavian ngunit
hidni siya nagtagumpay dahilan upang isipin niya na toto ngang
masamang tao si octavian gaya ng kwento ni antony sa kaniya
at dahil na rin sa pananalita jito at mga tingin nito na para bang
walang pakielam sa kaniyang kalagayan at pinagdaraanan. Kaya
naman pagkatapos nilang magpulong ay naisipin na niyang
magpakamatay sa tabi ng trono na kinauupuan ni antony. May
dalawang teorya tungkol sa kaniyang pagkamatay ang una ay
nagpatuklas]w siya sa isang ahas at pangalawa ay uminom siya
ng maraming lason. Sa huli ay bumagsak ang Egypt dahil sa
pagmamahalan nina cleopatra at antony.
The last man standing
Ang pinakahuling pharaoh ng Egypt sa Ptolemaic dynasty na
pinakahuling dinastiya ng ancient egypt ay si Ptolemy XV
(Ptolemy Philopator Philometor Caesar) . Pero kung makikita
mo sa mga history books or kapag sinearch sa internet ay si
cleopatra VII ang lalabas. Wala naming mali doon kasi gaya nga
ng sabi ko kanina ang pamumuno sa Ancient Egypt ay by pairs.
Since walang asawa si cleopatra ginawa niya nalang king of
kings si Caesarion at ginawa niya ang kaniyang sarili bilang
queen of kings. Bakit considered as the very last pharaoh si
ceasarion? Kasi nagawa niya pang tumakas sa mga sundalo ni
Octavian or octavius later on called Augustus the very first
emperor of rome, habang ang kaniyang nanay ay wala na. And
at the age of 17 namatay siya sinasabing namatay siya dahil sa
mini-stroke na namana niya sa tatay niya o di kaya ay pinapatay
siya ni octavian.
Ang mga pinunong tinalakay kanina ay nagpatunay na kayang
mamuno ng mga babae, na kaya nitong gawin ang mga
ginagawa ng babae. Tulad ni Hatshepsut na para sa akin ay ang
pinakamagaling sa kanilang apat.
Covid 19
Armadillo-like animals called pangolins may have played a role
in the emergence in humans of the new SARS-CoV-2
coronavirus, but they weren't the only links in animal-to-human
transmission, scientists say.

Pangolins are sold for food in live-animal "wet markets" in

China -- facilities that have long been suspected of being
ground zero for the spread of viruses originating in animals to
people.

Since the pandemic, experts worldwide have called for the

closure of such markets in China and elsewhere.

Researchers at Duke University School of Medicine, Los Alamos

National Laboratory in New Mexico, the University of Texas at
El Paso and New York University are studying the virus that
causes COVID-19, and their research sheds new light on how it
was able to make the leap from animals to people.
By exchanging an essential fragment of a gene in the virus in
pangolins, SARS-CoV-2 became able to make its move, the
researchers concluded.

This species-to-species jump was made possible because the

virus' mutation allowed it to attach itself to human cells, like a
key fitting into a lock, explain study co-author Dr. Feng Gao, a
professor of medicine at Duke.

"Very much like the original SARS that jumped from bats to
civets, or MERS that went from bats to dromedary camels, and
then to humans, the progenitor of this pandemic coronavirus
underwent evolutionary changes in its genetic material that
enabled it to eventually infect humans," Gao said in a Duke
news release.

However, the pangolin coronaviruses sampled in their new

study are just too dissimilar from SARS-CoV-2 to infect humans,
so it's possible that some intermediary species -- not pangolins
or bats -- was involved in the process whereby SARS-CoV-2
acquired the ability to latch onto and infect human cells.

The new coronavirus uses a special structure on its outer coat

to attach itself to human respiratory and intestinal cells, the
researchers explained. This site is different from the one in
infected bats, so bats weren't the cause of the pandemic, they
noted.

And "people had already looked at the coronavirus sequences

sampled from pangolins that we discuss in our paper," added
co-researcher Elena Giorgi, a staff scientist at Los Alamos
National Laboratory.

"However, the scientific community was still divided on

whether they played a role in the evolution of SARS-CoV-2," she
said in the release.

SARS-CoV-2 appears to be a sort of hybrid strain, somewhere

between the strains isolated from either pangolins or bats, the
researchers said.

"In our study, we demonstrated that indeed SARS-CoV-2 has a

rich evolutionary history that included a reshuffling of genetic
material between bat and pangolin coronavirus before it
acquired its ability to jump to humans," Giorgi said.
Such "jumps" -- and the pandemics they might cause -- can be
curbed in the future, however, the researchers stressed.

"While the direct reservoir of SARS-CoV-2 is still being sought,

one thing is clear: reducing or eliminating direct human contact
with wild animals is critical to preventing new coronavirus
zoonosis in the future," they concluded, including wet markets.