Q1.

𝑉2 1102
Check for Rmin 𝑅 = 127(𝑒+𝑓) = 127(0.06+0.1)
= 595 𝑚
Available R = 510 m cannot keep 110kph as design speed.
Adjusted design speed 𝑉 = √127𝑅(𝑒 + 𝑓)
= √(127)(510)(0.06 + 0.1)
= 102 𝑘𝑝ℎ 𝑜𝑟 100 𝑘𝑝ℎ

Speed limit on the curve = 90 kph.

𝜋
Available length of sight 𝐿𝑠 = 𝜃𝑅 = (60) (180) (510) = 533.8 𝑚

PSD = d1 + d2 + d3 + d4

𝑎𝑡1 2.37(4.3)
𝑑1 = 0.278𝑡1 (𝑣 − 𝑚 + ) = (0.278)(4.3)(90 − 15 + = 95.7 𝑚
2 2

𝑑2 = 0.278𝑣𝑡2 = (0.278)(90)(10.7) = 267.7 𝑚

𝑑3 = 75𝑚

2 2
𝑑4 = 3 𝑑2 = 3 (267.7) = 178.5 𝑚

𝑃𝑆𝐷 = 95.7 + 267.7 + 75 + 178.5 = 616.9 𝑚

Since available length of sight is 533.8 m < 616.9 m,

overtaking on the curve should not be allowed.

Need to put up sign to warn drivers to reduce their speed from 100 kph on the tangent to 90 kph on the curve.

Calculate distance required to reduce speed from 100kph to 90kph.

𝑉 2 −𝑉 2 1002 −902
1 2
𝑆𝑆𝐷 = 0.278𝑉1 𝑡 + 254(𝑓±𝐺) = (0.278)(100)(2.5) + 254(0.35) = 90.87 𝑚

𝑆𝑖𝑔𝑛 𝑅𝑒𝑎𝑑𝑎𝑏𝑖𝑙𝑖𝑡𝑦 = (10)(3) = 30 𝑚

Minimum distance of sign from the curve is 90.87 − 30 = 60.87 𝑚

Therefore, place the sign at 65 m before the curve.

Q2a

Ideal Segment
Travel Stop Reason Spped Segment Segment Net
Cross Distance Travel Travel
Time Time for Limit Speed Delay Speed
Road (m) Time Time
(sec) (sec) Stop (kph) (kph) (sec) (kph)
(sec) (sec)

1st St. 0 0.0 0.0 - - - - - - -

2nd St. 650 35.5 15.0 Signal 60 39.00 65.92 -3.50 50.50 46.34
3rd St. 500 45.3 0.0 - 60 30.00 39.74 15.30 45.30 39.74
4th St. 750 42.5 20.0 Signal 60 45.00 63.53 -2.50 62.50 43.20
5th St. 600 50.2 15.0 Signal 60 36.00 43.03 14.20 65.20 33.13
6th St. 1200 73.5 15.0 Signal 60 72.00 58.78 1.50 88.50 48.81
7th St. 1000 75.2 0.0 - 60 60.00 47.87 15.20 75.20 47.87
8th St. 1500 125.5 20.0 Signal 45 120.00 43.03 5.50 145.50 37.11
Ticket
Parking 800 55.0 10.0 60 48.00 52.36 7.00 65.00 44.31
Booth
TOTAL 7000 502.7 95.0 450.00 50.13 52.70 597.70 42.16

Total Travel Time = 502.70 + 95.0 = 597.7 seconds

Average Travel Speed = 7000 m/597.7 sec = 11.7116 m/sec = 42.16 kph.

Total delays = 597.7 - 450.00 = 147.70 seconds = 2.46 minutes.

Q2b
WEST NORTH EAST SOUTH 15 Min Hour
L T R L T R L T R L T R
07:00 – 07:15 25 120 30 45 100 25 12 89 28 54 75 12 615
07:15 – 07:30 32 135 35 52 105 28 18 95 36 56 85 18 695
07:30 – 07:45 38 140 45 63 110 30 20 105 45 59 96 25 776
07:45 – 08:00 45 145 56 75 108 35 25 125 55 65 125 36 895 2981
08:00 – 08:15 55 155 65 85 125 39 28 135 63 68 135 48 1001 3367
08:15 – 08:30 60 160 68 95 136 40 30 120 75 70 145 55 1054 3726
08:30 – 08:45 78 175 75 105 140 45 35 115 85 55 150 50 1108 4058
08:45 – 09:00 56 185 72 125 155 55 45 104 70 72 124 61 1124 4287
09:00 – 09:15 66 205 77 135 165 58 52 105 75 85 120 53 1196 4482
09:15 – 09:30 75 190 85 120 175 60 53 100 66 80 115 50 1169 4597
09:30 – 09:45 58 185 62 110 189 62 50 98 58 70 118 45 1105 4594
09:45 – 10:00 45 175 65 115 195 68 48 95 54 69 101 38 1068 4538
10:00 – 10:15 50 166 60 98 201 75 39 92 48 58 98 35 1020 4362
10:15 – 10:30 65 154 56 90 215 52 38 91 45 49 95 28 978 4171
10:30 – 10:45 35 132 55 85 225 48 35 85 40 42 85 27 894 3960
10:45 – 11:00 32 125 48 82 200 35 32 80 35 40 80 25 814 3706
11:00 – 11:15 28 128 45 81 198 33 30 75 32 38 75 20 783 3469
11:15 – 11:30 30 110 43 75 175 30 28 73 33 35 70 15 717 3208
11:30 – 11:45 25 105 42 72 165 28 25 72 30 36 65 18 683 2997
11:45 – 12:00 25 102 40 70 150 25 24 60 28 32 62 12 630 2813

275 755 309 485 635 218 185 424 296 292 509 214
L T R L T R L T R L T R
WEST NORTH EAST SOUTH

Peak hour occurs from 08:30 to 09:30

635
218 485

275 296
755 424
309 185

292 214
509
Q2c
WEST NORTH EAST SOUTH
L T R L T R L T R L T R
07:00 – 07:15 25 120 30 45 100 25 12 89 28 54 75 12
07:15 – 07:30 32 135 35 52 105 28 18 95 36 56 85 18
07:30 – 07:45 38 140 45 63 110 30 20 105 45 59 96 25
07:45 – 08:00 45 145 56 75 108 35 25 125 55 65 125 36
08:00 – 08:15 55 155 65 85 125 39 28 135 63 68 135 48
08:15 – 08:30 60 160 68 95 136 40 30 120 75 70 145 55
08:30 – 08:45 78 175 75 105 140 45 35 115 85 55 150 50
08:45 – 09:00 56 185 72 125 155 55 45 104 70 72 124 61
09:00 – 09:15 66 205 77 135 165 58 52 105 75 85 120 53
09:15 – 09:30 75 190 85 120 175 60 53 100 66 80 115 50
09:30 – 09:45 58 185 62 110 189 62 50 98 58 70 118 45
09:45 – 10:00 45 175 65 115 195 68 48 95 54 69 101 38
10:00 – 10:15 50 166 60 98 201 75 39 92 48 58 98 35
10:15 – 10:30 65 154 56 90 215 52 38 91 45 49 95 28
10:30 – 10:45 35 132 55 85 225 48 35 85 40 42 85 27
10:45 – 11:00 32 125 48 82 200 35 32 80 35 40 80 25
11:00 – 11:15 28 128 45 81 198 33 30 75 32 38 75 20
11:15 – 11:30 30 110 43 75 175 30 28 73 33 35 70 15
11:30 – 11:45 25 105 42 72 165 28 25 72 30 36 65 18
11:45 – 12:00 25 102 40 70 150 25 24 60 28 32 62 12

WEST NORTH EAST SOUTH

L T R L T R L T R L T R
07:00 - 08:00 140 540 166 118 414 234
08:00 - 09:00 249 675 280 179 474 265
09:00 - 10:00 244 755 289 248 398 304
10:00 - 11:00 182 577 219 210 348 189
11:00 - 12:00 108 445 170 116 280 141

EASTBOUND WESTBOUND
07:00 - 08:00 846 766
08:00 - 09:00 1204 918
09:00 - 10:00 1288 950
10:00 - 11:00 978 747
11:00 - 12:00 723 537
 HOUR VOL HEF HOUR VOL HEF
00:00 – 01:00 300 51.19 12:00 – 13:00 915 16.78
01:00 – 02:00 524 29.31 13:00 – 14:00 869 17.67
02:00 – 03:00 750 20.47 14:00 – 15:00 746 20.58
03:00 – 04:00 809 18.98 15:00 – 16:00 601 25.55
04:00 – 05:00 889 17.27 16:00 – 17:00 487 31.53
05:00 – 06:00 821 18.70 17:00 – 18:00 444 34.59
06:00 – 07:00 813 18.89 18:00 – 19:00 297 51.70
07:00 – 08:00 909 16.89 19:00 – 20:00 185 83.01
08:00 – 09:00 1025 14.98 20:00 – 21:00 123 124.85
09:00 – 10:00 1029 14.92 21:00 – 22:00 111 138.34
10:00 – 11:00 1350 11.37 22:00 – 23:00 105 146.25
11:00 – 12:00 1099 13.97 23:00 – 24:00 155 99.07

Total daily volume = 15,356 veh/day

Day of Week Volume DEF

Sunday 8684 9.69

Monday 11785 7.14
Tuesday 11025 7.63
Wednesday 12554 6.70
Thursday 11785 7.14
Friday 14437 5.83
Saturday 13876 6.06

Total weekly volume = 84,146 veh/week = 12,021 veh/day

Month ADT MEF Month ADT MEF

January 1485 1.76 July 4510 0.58
February 1320 1.98 August 5005 0.52
March 1595 1.64 September 4125 0.63
April 1760 1.48 October 2750 0.95
May 1870 1.39 November 2200 1.19
June 2750 0.95 December 1925 1.35

Total yearly ADT volume = 31,295

Mean average daily volume = 31,295/12 = 2,608 veh/day

EASTBOUND

Estimate the 24-hour volume for Thursday

(846 × 16.89) + (1204 × 14.98) + (1288 × 14.92) + (978 × 11.37) + (723 × 13.97)
𝐴𝐷𝑇 =
5
72,762
𝐴𝐷𝑇 = = 14,552 𝑣𝑒ℎ/𝑑𝑎𝑦
5

Adjust the 24-hour volume for Thursday to an average volume for the week

Total 7-day volume = (14,552)(7.14) = 103,901 veh/week

Average 24-hour volume = 103,901/7 = 14,843 veh/day

Adjust for month of May…

AADT = (14,843)(1.39) = 20,632 veh/day

WESTBOUND

Estimate the 24-hour volume for Thursday

(766 × 16.89) + (918 × 14.98) + (950 × 14.92) + (747 × 11.37) + (537 × 13.97)
𝐴𝐷𝑇 =
5
56,859
𝐴𝐷𝑇 = = 11,372 𝑣𝑒ℎ/𝑑𝑎𝑦
5

Adjust the 24-hour volume for Thursday to an average volume for the week

Total 7-day volume = (11,372)(7.14) = 81,196 veh/week

Average 24-hour volume = 81,196/7 = 11,599 veh/day

Adjust for month of May…

AADT = (11,599)(1.39) = 16,123 veh/day

Total for both direction AADT = 20,632 + 16,123 = 36,755 veh/day

Q2d Traffic volume for capacity analysis of the main street.

218 485

635

1339 275 296

755 424
309 185

934

292 214

509
Q2e

Before 𝑢
̅̅̅1 = 50.00 𝑘𝑝ℎ 𝑆1 = 8.60 𝑘𝑝ℎ 𝑛1 = 30

After 𝑢
̅̅̅2 = 45.00 𝑘𝑝ℎ 𝑆2 = 5.87 𝑘𝑝ℎ 𝑛2 = 30

𝑆12 𝑆22 8.602 5.872

𝑆𝑑 = √( ) + ( ) = √( )+( ) = 1.90
𝑛1 𝑛2 30 30

𝑢
̅̅̅1 − 𝑢
̅̅̅2 = 50.00 − 45.00 = 5.00𝑘𝑝ℎ

At 95% confidence level, Zd = 1.96

𝑍𝑆𝑑 = 1.96 × 1.90 = 3.72

|𝑢 𝑢2 = |50.00 − 45.00| = 5.00 > 3.72

̅̅̅1 − ̅̅̅|

The different is significant at 95% confidence level

Therefore the road hump is effective.

Q2f

Now……..

𝐷 = (0.6 × 1000 × 9) + (0.2 × 1000 × 2) + (0.2 × 1000 × 3) = 6,400 𝑠𝑝 − ℎ𝑟

𝑆 = 1000 × 10 × 0.85 × 0.9 = 7,650 𝑠𝑝 − ℎ𝑟

S>D

Parking spaces are adequate for now

10 years after….

𝐷𝑓 = 𝐷(1 + 𝑟)𝑛 = 6,400(1 + 0.08)10 = 13,817 𝑠𝑝 − ℎ𝑟

13,817
Required parking space = (10×0.85×0.90) = 1,806 𝑠𝑝.

Additional bays required = 1,806 – 1,000 = 806 bays

Q2g

Arrival 1 08:00 – 08:30 600 veh/hr = 10 veh/min 𝜇1 = 10𝑡

Arrival 2 08:30 onwards 120 veh/hr = 2 veh/min 𝜇2 = 2(𝑡 − 30) + 300
𝜇2 = 2𝑡 + 240

Departure 12 sec/veh = 5 veh/min 𝜏 = 5𝑡

500

450

400

350
Number of Vehicles

300

250
Arrival
200
Departure
150

100

50

0
0 5 10 15 20 25 30 35 40 45 50 55 60 65 70 75 80 85 90
Minutes

Time queue dissipate, 2𝑡 + 240 = 5𝑡 t = 80.0 minutes

Longest queue at t = 30 minutes. 10(30) – 5(30) = 150 vehicles.

Longest delays will be experienced by car number 300.

Time in = 30 min
Time out at 5t = 300, or t = 60 min
Longest delays = 60 – 30 = 30 minutes.

Total delays = area between arrival and departure curves.

30 80 80
= ∫0 10𝑡 + ∫30 2𝑡 + 240 − ∫0 5𝑡 𝑑𝑡
= 5𝑡 2 |30 2 80 2 80
0 + 𝑡 + 240𝑡|30 − 2.5𝑡 |0
= 6,000 veh-min

Total vehicle in the system = 5(80) = 400 vehicles

6,000 𝑣𝑒ℎ−𝑚𝑖𝑛
Average delay per vehicle = 400 𝑣𝑒ℎ = 15 𝑚𝑖𝑛