SCHEDULE

• STRUCTURE
– Intro (Ch.1), Atomic bonding (Ch.2),
– Crystal Structure (ch.3), Defects (ch.4)
• STRUCTURE-PROPERTY
– Diffusion (ch.5)
– Mechanical Property (ch.6), Strengthening
(ch.7), Failure (ch.8)
– Phase diagram(ch.9)
• PROECESS
– Processing metal (ch.11), ceramics (ch.13),
Polymer (ch. 14/15)
• PROPERTY
– Electrical(ch.18), Thermal (ch.19), Magnetic
(ch.20), Optical (ch.21)
Copyright J.K.Chen, MMRE, NTUT 2017, John Wiley & Sons, Chapter 1 - 1
 1.4 Types of Materials
• Metals: metallic bonding
– Strong, ductile
– high thermal & electrical conductivity
– opaque, reflective.
• Ceramics: ionic bonding (refractory) – compounds of metallic & non-
metallic elements (oxides, carbides, nitrides, sulfides)
– Brittle, glassy, elastic
– non-conducting (insulators)
• Polymers/plastics: Covalent bonding  sharing of e’s
– Soft, ductile, low strength, low density
– thermal & electrical insulators
– Optically translucent or transparent.
• Composites
• Semiconductors, Biomaterials, Smart Materials, nanomaterials
Copyright J.K.Chen, MMRE, NTUT 2017, John Wiley & Sons, Chapter 1 - 2
 1.7 Advances in Mat. Sci. & Eng.

Lower cost
Easier process
Better properties
New functions
New applications
High added values
Recyclable? More pollution?
“Cradle-to-grave” concept
Copyright J.K.Chen, MMRE, NTUT 2017, John Wiley & Sons, Chapter 1 - 3
 Actions and comparisons

=
The fast comparison
Virgin PET allows design
decisions on-the-fly

=
Reducing impact
Glass
Actions
 Use as large a 'recycled
content' in the material as
possible.

What if…….
100% recycled PET?

Mike Ashby, 2015 www.teachingresources.grantadesign.com

Copyright J.K.Chen, MMRE, NTUT 2017, John Wiley & Sons, Chapter 1 -
 Actions and comparisons

Click
Compare with…. Can explore:
Copy of current  Material choice
content  Recycle content
Set Recycle content  Transport mode
to 100%  Transport distance
 Use pattern
 Electric energy mix
=  End of life choice

Virgin PET
Many projects available as
project files.
=

Glass

Recycled PET

Mike Ashby, 2015 www.teachingresources.grantadesign.com

Copyright J.K.Chen, MMRE, NTUT 2017, John Wiley & Sons, Chapter 1 -
 Chapter 1 - Introduction
• What is materials science? 4 Components:

性能
• Why should we know about it?
• Materials drive our society
– Stone Age
– Bronze Age
– Iron Age
– Now?
• Silicon Age?
• Polymer Age?
Copyright J.K.Chen, MMRE, NTUT 2017, John Wiley & Sons, Chapter 1 - 6
Copyright J.K.Chen, MMRE, NTUT 2017, John Wiley & Sons, Chapter 1 - 7
 Fig 1.2 Al2O3 of Different Structures

Single Crystal
單晶
Porous多孔

Polycrystalline
多晶，低孔隙度
Copyright J.K.Chen, MMRE, NTUT 2017, John Wiley & Sons, Chapter 1 - 8
 Structure, Processing, & Properties
• Properties depend on structure
ex: hardness vs structure of steel

(d)
600
Hardness (BHN)

30 m
500 (c)
Data obtained from Figs. 10.30(a)
400 (b) and 10.32 with 0.4 wt% C composition,
(a) and from Fig. 11.14 and associated
4 m discussion, Callister 7e.
300 Micrographs adapted from (a) Fig.
10.19; (b) Fig. 9.30;(c) Fig. 10.33;
30 m
30 m and (d) Fig. 10.21, Callister 7e.
200
100
0.01 0.1 1 10 100 1000
Cooling Rate (ºC/s)
• Processing can change structure
ex: structure vs cooling rate of steel
Copyright J.K.Chen, MMRE, NTUT 2017, John Wiley & Sons, Chapter 1 - 9
Characterization tools – do you see the
Transmission electron microscope
trees or the forest? TEM
Optical microscope, OM

Seeing
~100x Multiple crystal grains is believing.
~100,000x Within single crystal grain

Seeing what you believe.

High resolution
transmission electron
microscope
HRTEM

~10,000,000x Atomic structures within crystal grain

Copyright J.K.Chen, MMRE, NTUT 2017, John Wiley & Sons, Chapter 1 - 10
 The Materials Selection Process
1. Pick Application Determine required Properties
Properties: mechanical, electrical, thermal,
magnetic, optical, deteriorative.

2. Properties Identify candidate Material(s)

Material: structure, composition.

3. Material Identify required Processing

Processing: changes structure and overall shape
ex: casting, sintering, vapor deposition, doping
forming, joining, annealing.

Copyright J.K.Chen, MMRE, NTUT 2017, John Wiley & Sons, Chapter 1 - 11
 The traditional materials science tetrahedron (left)
versus the emerging systems materials engineering
triangle (right).

“Towards systems
materials
engineering” by
Peidong Yang &
Jean-Marie
Tarascon, Nature
Materials 11, 560–
563 (2012)

“Investigating isolated components within a device or system is no longer sufficient to solve

technological challenges involved in the development of an environmentally benign energy
infrastructure.”

“The traditional materials science tetrahedron emphasizes the interdisciplinary research on

materials structure, processing, properties and performance. The systems materials
engineering triangle illustrates the importance of system-level planning of the research efforts
starting from individual components and followed by interface optimization.”

“Systems materials engineering emphasizes the study of the interactions between individual
components of a system, and how these interactions give rise to the function and performance
of the final system.” Copyright J.K.Chen, MMRE, NTUT 2017, John Wiley & Sons, Chapter 1 - 12
Amazon KINDLE

Copyright J.K.Chen, MMRE, NTUT 2017, John Wiley & Sons, Chapter 1 - 13
 SUMMARY
Course Goals:
• Use the right material for the job.

• Understand the relation between properties,

structure, and processing.

• Recognize new design opportunities offered

by materials selection.
• Materials are often replaceable!

• Materials have limits!

Copyright J.K.Chen, MMRE, NTUT 2017, John Wiley & Sons, Chapter 1 - 14