Data Base

MIRPUR UNIVERSITY OF SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY (MUST), MIRPUR
DEPARMENT OF COMPUTER SCIENCE & INFORMATION TECHNOLOGY

Microprocessor & Interfacing
CSE-351
[Lecture 01-02]: History and Evolution of Intel® Microprocessors
Engr. Bilal Ahmed

(Assistant Professor)
Date: November 04, 2020

Historical Background of Intel
Microprocessors
3
First Computer
• It all started with the 1832 Babbage

mechanical machine to calculate the
navigation tables for the Royal Army, U.K.
• The Babbage Difference Engine (1832)

• 25,000 parts
• cost: £17,470
4
Microprocessor & Interfacing 4
ENIAC (Electrical Numerical Integrator And Calculator)
• First General purpose computer (1946)

• 17,468 vacuum tubes
• 7,200 crystal diodes
• 1,500 relays
• 70,000 resistors
• 10,000 capacitors
• Consumed 150 kW of power
• 1800 Sq. Feet Area
• Weighted 27 tons
• Suffered a failure on average every 6 hours
5
First Transistor
6
First IC
• 1958 Invention of the IC by Jack Kilbyat Texas Instruments
7
Evolution of Microprocessor
• The number of transistors incorporated in a chip will approximately double every
24 months. (1965)
8
• Intel 4004
• Year of introduction 1971

• 2300 Transistors
• 4-bit microprocessor
• 4 KB main memory
• 45 instructions
• PMOS technology
• was first programmable device which was
used in calculators
9
• Intel 8008

• 3098 Transistors
• 8-bit version of 4004
• 48 instructions
• PMOS technology
10
• Intel 8080

• 6000 transistors
• 8-bit microprocessor
• 2 microseconds clock cycle time
• 500,000 instructions/sec
• 10X faster than 8008
• NMOS technology
• Drawback was that it needed three power supplies.
• Microcomputers were designed in mid 1970’s using 8080 as CPU.
11
• Intel 8085

• 8-bit microprocessor-upgraded version of 8080
• 1.3 microseconds clock cycle time
• 246 instructions
• Intel sold 100 million copies of this 8-bit microprocessor
• uses only one +5v power supply.
12
• Intel 8086/8088
• Year of introduction 1978 for 8086 and 1979 for 8088

• 16-bit microprocessors
• Data bus width of 8086 is 16 bit and 8 bit for 8088
• 1 MB main memory
• 400 nanoseconds clock cycle time
• 6 byte instruction cache for 8086 and 4 byte for 8088
• Other improvements included more registers and additional instructions
• In 1981 IBM decided to use 8088 in its personal computer
13
• Intel 80186 • Intel 80286
• Year of introduction 1982 • Year of introduction 1983

• 16-bit microprocessor-upgraded • 16-bit high performance
version of 8086 microprocessor with memory
management & protection
• 1 MB main memory
• 1,34,000 transistors
• Contained special hardware like
programmable counters, interrupt • 16 MB main memory
controller etc. • Few additional instructions to
• Never used in the PC handle extra 15 MB
• But was ideal for systems that • Instruction execution time is as
required a minimum of hardware little as 250 ns
• Concentrates on the features
needed to implement
MULTITASKING
14
• Intel 80386

• 2,75,000 transistors
• Intel’s first practical 32-bit microprocessor
• 4 GB main memory
• Improvements include page handling in
virtual environment
• Includes hardware circuitry for memory
management and memory assignment
• Memory paging and enhanced I/O
permissions
15
• Intel 80486

• 1.2 Million transistors
• 32-bit high performance
microprocessor
• Incorporates 80387-like floating
point coprocessor and
• 8 K byte cache on one package
• About half of the instructions
executed in 1 clock instead of 2
on the 80386
16
• Pentium • Pentium Pro
• Year of introduction 1993 • Year of introduction 1995

• 3 - 4.5 Million transistors • 5.5 Million transistors
• 32-bit microprocessor, 64-bit data bus and 32- • 32-bit microprocessor, formerly code-named
bit address bus P6
• 4 GB main memory • 64 GB main memory, 64-bit data bus and 36-
bit address bus
• Double clocked 120 and 133MHz versions
• 16 KB L1 cache (split instruction/data: 8 KB
• Fastest version is the 233MHz, Dual integer each), 256 KB L2 cache
processor
• Uses three execution engines
• 16 KB L1 cache (split instruction and data: 8
KB each) • Intel launched this processor for the server
market
17
• Pentium II

• 32-bit microprocessor, 64-bit data bus and 36-bit
address bus, MMX
• 32 KB split instruction/data L1 caches (16 KB each)
• Module integrated 512KB L2 cache (133MHz)
• A version of P2 called Xeon; specifically designed
for high-end applications
18
• Pentium III

• 32-bit microprocessor, 64-bit data bus and 36-
bit address bus
• Dual Independent Bus (simultaneous L2 and
system memory access)
• On-chip 256 KB L2 cache
• P3 was available in clock frequencies of up to
1 GHz
19
• Pentium IV
• 32-bit microprocessor,
• 64-bit data bus and 36-bit address
bus
• 1.4 to 1.9 GHz and the latest at 3.20
GHz and 3.46GHz (Hyper-Threading)
• 1MB/512KB/256KB L2 cache
• Specialized for streaming video,
game and DVD applications
20
21

Data Base

Uploaded by

Document Information

Original Title

Copyright

Available Formats

Share this document

Share or Embed Document

Sharing Options

Did you find this document useful?

Is this content inappropriate?

Copyright:

Available Formats

Data Base

Uploaded by

Copyright:

Available Formats

MIRPUR UNIVERSITY OF SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY (MUST), MIRPUR

DEPARMENT OF COMPUTER SCIENCE & INFORMATION TECHNOLOGY

[Lecture 01-02]: History and Evolution of Intel® Microprocessors

Engr. Bilal Ahmed

Date: November 04, 2020

• It all started with the 1832 Babbage

• The Babbage Difference Engine (1832)

• First General purpose computer (1946)

• 1958 Invention of the IC by Jack Kilbyat Texas Instruments

• Year of introduction 1971

• Year of introduction 1972

• Year of introduction 1973

• Year of introduction 1975

• Year of introduction 1978 for 8086 and 1979 for 8088

• Intel 80186 • Intel 80286

• Year of introduction 1982 • Year of introduction 1983

• Year of introduction 1986

• Year of introduction 1989

• Pentium • Pentium Pro

• Year of introduction 1993 • Year of introduction 1995

• Year of introduction 1997

• Year of introduction 1999

• Year of introduction 2002

You might also like