•

DISADVANTAGES
ADVANTAGES

DISADVANTAGES

OCEAN DUMPING
• Ocean dumping is the dumping or placing of materials in the ocean, often on
the continental shelf.
• A wide range of materials is involved, including garbage, construction and
demolition debris, sewage sludge, dredge material, waste chemicals, and
nuclear waste.
• Sometime hazardous and nuclear waste are also disposed but these are highly
dangerous for aquatic life and human life also.

ADVANTAGES
• Convenient
• Inexpensive
• Source of nutrients for fishes and marine mammals.
• Vast amount of space is available.
• All type of wastes are disposed.

DISADVANTAGES

There are three main direct public health risks from ocean dumping:
Occupational accidents, injuries, and exposures
Exposure of the public to hazardous or toxic materials washed up on beach
sand.
Human consumption of marine organisms that have been contaminated by
ocean disposal.
Highly dangerous for aquatic life.

BIOLOGICAL REPROCESSING

RECYCLING
• It is basically processing or conversion of a waste item into usable forms.
• Recyclable materials include many kinds of glass, paper, metal, plastic,
textiles, and electronics.
• But recycling is not a solution to managing every kind of waste material.
• For many items like plastic bags, plastic wrap, yogurt cups, margarine
container etc. recycling technologies are unavailable or unsafe.
ADVANTAGES
• Reduction of air and water pollution.
• Reduction in the release of harmful chemicals and greenhouse gases
from rubbish.
• Saves space required as Waste Disposal Landfill.
• Reduce financial expenditure in the economy.
• it helps in conserving a lot of energy resources like petroleum and
coal deposits.

SAVING THROUGH RECYCLING

• When aluminum is recycled - considerable saving in cost.
• Making paper from waste saves 50% energy.
• Every tone of recycled glass saves energy equivalent to 100 liters of
oil.
• Recycling about 54 kg of newspaper will save one tree.

PROCESS OF RECYCLING
• COLLECTION: The first step required for recycling is collecting
recyclable materials from communities. Today many major cities
and larger communities offer a curbside pick up service for
recyclable materials.
• SORTING: The second step involves processing the recyclable
materials. This includes sorting the materials into groups, cleaning
them and getting them ready to be sold to manufacturers who will
turn the materials into new products.
• MANUFACTURING: It is the third step in the recycling process.
The collected material is sent to industries those convert them into
new products.
• PURCHASING: The last step involves the purchasing of recycled
products. When consumers purchase products that have been made
with post consumer material the recycling process has been
completed and then can be repeated.
PLASMA GASSIFICATION
• Plasma gasification is a new garbage disposal solution using plasma
technology.
• Uses electrical energy and the high temperatures (4000°C to over
7000°C) created by an plasma torches.
 • Almost completely breaks down the waste into syngas which are
used to generate electricity.
• The remaining material (slag) is used to produced material for
building projects.

WHAT IS PLASMA?
• Fourth state of matter.
• It is an ionized gas at high temperature, capable of conducting current
due to free electrons.
• Created by applying an electric arc to a low- pressure gas.
• Lightning is an example from nature.

PLASMA TORCHES
• Consists of a tungsten rod (cathode) and
a water-cooled copper (anode).
• Shaped in the form of a nozzle.
• Gas is introduced in the
electrode gap and a dc arc is established
between the electrodes to create plasma.