Name:

Marwan Ashraf Mohamed Zaghloul

ID: 201816722




DR: Ahmed Abdelghany

 ‫ ‪Lecture 4‬‬
‫ ‪Types of reports‬‬
‫ ‬
‫ ‪Business Plans:‬‬
‫ ‪1-Product or service to be offered:‬‬
‫ﻣﻦ اھﻢ اﻗﺴﺎم ﺧﻄﺔ اﻟﻌﻤﻞ واﻟﻤﻨﺘﺞ و اﻟﺨﺪﻣﺔ اﻟﻔﻌﻠﯿﺔ اﻟﺘﻲ ﺳﻮف ﺗﻘﺎم ﻋﻦ طﺮﯾﻖ ﺷﺮﻛﺘﻚ ﻓﻤﺜﻼ‬
‫اذا ﻛﺎن وﺻﻔﺎ ﻟﻤﻨﺘﺞ ﻓﺎﻧﺖ ﺗﺤﺘﺎج اﻟﻰ أﺳﺎﻟﯿﺐ ﻣﻌﯿﻨﺔ ﻟﻠﻮﺻﻒ اﻟﻔﻨﻲ ﻓﺎذا ﻗﻤﺖ ﺑﺘﻘﺪﯾﻢ ﺧﺪﻣﺔ‬
‫ﻓﺎﺻﻄﺤﺐ اﻟﻘﺮاء اﻟﻰ ﺟﻮﻟﺔ ﺧﻄﻮة ﺑﺨﻄﻮة ﻟﻜﯿﻔﯿﺔ اﻟﺘﻌﺎﻣﻞ ﻣﻊ اﻟﺨﺪﻣﺔ‪.‬‬
‫ ‪2-Technical background on the product or service:‬‬
‫ان ﻛﺎن ﻣﻨﺘﺠﻚ او ﺧﺪﻣﺘﻚ ﺗﺘﻀﻤﻦ ﺗﻘﻨﯿﺎت و طﺮق ﻓﺎﺣﺘﻤﺎل ان ﺗﻜﻮن ﻏﯿﺮ ﻣﺎﻟﻮﻓﺔ ﻟﻘﺮاﺋﻚ او‬
‫أﯾﻀﺎ ﻣﻦ اﻟﻤﻤﻜﻦ ان ﺗﺬھﺐ اﻟﺨﻄﻂ اﻟﻰ اﻟﻌﻤﻞ اﻟﻰ اﻟﻐﯿﺮ ﻣﺨﺘﺼﯿﻦ اﻟﺬﯾﻦ ﻟﯿﺲ ﻟﺪﯾﮭﻢ ﺧﺒﺮة ﺑﻞ‬
‫ﻟﺪﯾﮭﻢ ﻗﺪرة ﻣﺎﻟﯿﺔ ﻟﺒﺪء ﻋﻤﻠﻚ او ﻣﺸﺮوﻋﻚ‪.‬‬
‫ ‪3-Market for the product or service:‬‬
‫اھﻢ ﺷﻲء ﻻى ﺧﻄﺔ او ﻣﺸﺮوع ھﻮ اﻟﺴﻮق ﻓﯿﺠﺐ اﺳﺘﻜﺸﺎف اﻟﺴﻮق اﻟﺬى ﯾﻨﺴﺐ ﻣﻨﺘﺠﻚ و ﻣﻦ‬
‫ھﻢ اﻟﻤﻨﺎﻓﺴﯿﻦ ﻟﻚ اﻟﺬﯾﻦ ﯾﻘﺪﻣﻮن ﻧﻔﺲ اﻟﻤﻨﺘﺞ اﻟﺬي ﺗﺮﯾﺪه و ﺗﺤﺪد ان ﯾﻜﻮن ﻣﻨﺘﺠﻚ اﻓﻀﻞ ﻣﻨﮭﻢ‪.‬‬
‫‪ 4-Process by which the product or service is produced:‬‬
‫اﻟﻌﻤﻠﯿﺔ اﻻﻧﺘﺎﺟﯿﺔ‪.‬‬
‫ ‪5-faculities and personal needed for the operation:‬‬
‫ﺧﻄﻂ ﻟﻤﻨﺎﻗﺸﺔ اﻟﻤﻮاﻗﻒ ﻣﺜﻞ‪:‬‬
‫‪١‬ـﻮاﺟﺒﺎت اﻟﻤﺤﻼت‬
‫‪-٢‬اﻟﻤﺴﺘﻮدﻋﺎت‬
‫‪-٣‬ﻣﺮاﻓﻖ اﻹﻧﺘﺎج‬
‫‪-٤‬اﻟﻤﺮﻛﺒﺎت‬
‫اﻻﻋﻤﺎل اﻟﺘﻲ ﺳﻮف ﯾﺘﻄﻠﺒﮭﺎ ﻋﻤﻠﻚ ﺑﺎﻹﺿﺎﻓﺔ اﻟﻰ اﻟﻤﻮاظﻔﯿﻦ اﻟﺬﯾﻦ ﯾﻜﻮن اﻟﻰ اﻟﺤﺎﺟﺔ‬
‫اﻟﯿﮭﻢ‪.‬‬
‫ ‪6-projectal reviews for the operation:‬‬
‫ﻣﻦ اھﻢ اﻷﺷﯿﺎء ﻓﻲ ﻋﻤﻞ ﺧﻄﺔ ﻣﻨﺎﻗﺸﺔ اﻻﯾﺮادات اﻟﺘﻲ ﺗﺘﻮﻗﻌﮭﺎ ﻣﻦ اﻟﻌﻤﻞ ﻓﺎذا ﻛﻨﺖ ﺗﻌﺮف‬
‫ﺗﻘﺪﯾﺮ اﻋﻤﺎل اﻻﯾﺮادات ﻟﻤﻨﻄﻘﺔ اﻟﺴﻮق اﻟﺘﻲ ﺗﻌﻤﻞ ﺑﮭﺎ و ﻓﻲ ﯾﺠﺐ اﻟﺘﻮﻗﻊ ﻓﻲ اى ﻧﻘﻄﺔ زﻣﻨﯿﺔ‬
‫ﺳﻮف ﺗﺘﻌﻄﻞ‪.‬‬
‫ ‪7- Funding necessary for operation:‬‬
‫ﯾﺠﺐ ﻣﻨﺎﻗﺸﺔ اﻟﺨﻄﺔ ﻟﻤﻌﺮﻓﺔ اﻟﺘﻤﻮﯾﻞ اﻟﺬى ﺳﻮف ﺗﺤﺘﺎﺟﮫ ﻟﺒﺪء اﻟﻌﻤﻞ ﺑﺎﻹﺿﺎﻓﺔ اﻟﻰ ﺗﻜﺎﻟﯿﻒ‬
‫اﻟﺘﺸﻐﯿﻞ و اﻟﺘﻤﻮﯾﻞ اﻟﻼزم ﻻرادة اﻟﻌﻤﻞ ﻋﻠﻰ أﺳﺎس اﻟﯿﻮﻣﻰ‪.‬‬
‫ ‬
‫ ‬
‫ ‬
‫ ‬
‫ ‬

‫‪ Technical Specifications:‬‬
‫ھﻲ اوﺻﺎف اﻟﻤﻨﺘﺠﺎت او ﻣﺘﻄﻠﺒﺎت اﻟﻤﻨﺘﺞ ﺣﺘﻰ ﯾﻤﻜﻨﮭﻢ ﺗﻘﺪﯾﻢ ﺗﻔﺎﺻﯿﻞ ﻋﻦ ﺗﺼﻤﯿﻢ و ﺗﺼﻨﯿﻊ و‬
‫ﺗﺮﻛﯿﺐ و اﺧﺘﯿﺎر واﺳﺘﺨﺪام اﻟﻤﻨﺘﺞ ﻓﯿﺠﺐ ان ﺗﻜﻮن اﻟﻤﻮاﺻﻔﺎت ﻣﻜﺘﻮﺑﺔ ﺑﺪﻗﺔ و اﻟﺨﺼﺎﺋﺺ‬
‫اﻟﺘﺸﻐﯿﻠﯿﺔ ﺣﺘﻰ ﯾﺘﻤﻜﻦ اﻟﻤﺴﺘﺨﺪﻣﯿﻦ اﻟﻤﻨﺘﺞ اﺳﺘﺨﺪام ﺻﺤﯿﺢ‪.‬‬
‫ ‪1-Use two colum lists or tables to lists specific details:‬‬
‫اذا ﻛﺎن اﻟﻐﺮض ھﻮ اﻹﺷﺎرة اﻟﻰ اﻟﺘﻔﺎﺻﯿﻞ ﻣﺜﻞ اﻻﺑﻌﺎد و اﻟﻤﻮاد و اﻟﻮزن و اﻟﺘﻘﻨﯿﺎت ﻓﯿﺠﺐ ان‬
‫ﺗﻜﻮن اﻟﻜﺘﺎﺑﺔ ﺑﺄﺳﻠﻮب اﻟﻔﻘﺮة اﻟﻤﻨﺘﻈﻤﺔ اﻟﻐﯿﺮ ﺿﺮورﯾﺔ‪.‬‬
‫ ‪2-For sentence style presentation use on outline style‬‬
‫ ‪similar to the one:‬‬
‫ﯾﺠﺐ اﻟﺘﺄﻛﺪ ﻣﻦ ان ﻛﻞ اﻟﻤﻮاﺻﻔﺎت ﺗﻮﺟﺪ ﻓﻲ اﻟﻤﻜﺎن اﻟﺨﺎص ﺑﮭﺎ و ان ﻛﻞ ﻣﻄﻠﺐ ﻣﺤﺪد ﻟﮫ‬
‫ﺟﻤﻠﺔ ﻣﺤﺪدة ﻟﮫ‪.‬‬
‫ ‪3-‬‬
‫ﯾﺠﺐ اﺳﺘﺨﺪام ﻧﻈﺎم اﻟﺘﺮﻗﯿﻢ اﻟﻌﺸﺮى ﻟﻜﻞ ﻣﻮاﺻﻔﺔ ﻓﺮدﯾﺔ ﻟﻠﺘﺴﮭﯿﻞ‪.‬‬
‫ ‪4-‬‬
‫اﺳﺘﺨﺪام اﻟﺠﺪاول و اﻟﺮﺳﻮﻣﺎت ﻣﮭﻢ ﺟﺪا ﻟﻌﺮض اﻟﻤﻌﻠﻮﻣﺎت ﻓﻲ اﻟﻤﻮاﺻﻔﺎت‪.‬‬
‫ ‪5-Cross reference existing specifications whenever possible:‬‬
‫ﯾﺘﻢ ﻧﺸﺮ ﻣﻌﺎﯾﯿﺮ اﻟﻤﻮاﺻﻔﺎت ﺣﺘﻰ ﯾﻤﻜﻨﻚ اﻟﺮﺟﻮع اﻟﻰ ھﺬه اﻟﻤﻌﺎﯾﯿﺮ ﺑﺪﻻ ﻣﻦ ﺗﻀﻤﻦ ﻧﻔﺎﺻﯿﻞ‬
‫اﻟﻤﻮاﺻﻔﺎت اﻟﻔﻌﻠﯿﺔ وھﺬا ﻋﻦ طﺮﯾﻖ اﻟﮭﯿﺌﺎت اﻟﺤﻜﻮﻣﯿﺔ و اﻟﻨﻘﺎﺑﺎت اﻟﻤﮭﻨﯿﺔ‪.‬‬
‫ ‪6-Use specific:‬‬
 ‫ﻟﻐﺔ ﻣﻠﻤﻮﺳﺔ ﺗﺘﺤﺪد ﺑﺪﻗﺔ ﻟﻼﻣﻜﺎن ﻣﻦ ﻣﻌﺮﻓﺔ ﻣﺎ ﯾﺠﺐ ان ﯾﻜﻮن ﻋﻠﯿﮫ اﻟﻤﻨﺘﺞ وﺗﺠﻨﺐ اﻟﻜﻠﻤﺎت‬
‫اﻟﻐﺎﻣﻀﺔ و اﻟﻜﻠﻤﺎت اﻟﺘﻲ ﯾﻤﻜﻦ ان ﺗﻔﺴﺮ ﺑﺄﻛﺜﺮ ﻣﻦ ﻣﻌﻨﻰ واﺳﺘﺨﺪام اﻟﻤﺼﻄﻠﺤﺎت اﻟﻔﻨﯿﺔ‬
‫اﻟﻤﮭﻨﯿﺔ واﺟﺐ‪.‬‬
‫ ‪7-‬‬
‫ﺗﻘﺪﯾﻢ ﻣﻮاﺻﻔﺎت رﻗﻤﯿﺔ ﻓﻲ ﻛﻞ اﻟﻜﻠﻤﺎت و اﻟﺮﻣﻮز و ﯾﺠﺐ ان ﺗﻜﻮن اﻟﻤﺴﺎﻓﺔ ﺑﯿﻦ اﻟﻤﻜﻮﻧﯿﻦ‬
‫ﺛﻼث ﺳﻨﺘﻤﺘﺮات‪ .‬‬

‫ ‪8-‬‬
‫وﺻﻒ ﺟﺰء ﺑﺠﺰء ﻓﻲ اﻟﻨﺺ اﻟﺮﺋﯿﺴﻲ ‪ ،‬ﺗﻘﺪم اﻟﻤﻮاﺻﻔﺎت ﺟﺰ ًءا ﺗﻠﻮ اﻵﺧﺮ ‪ ،‬ﻋﻨﺼﺮ ﺗﻠﻮ‬
‫اﻵﺧﺮاﻟﻌﻨﺼﺮ ‪ ،‬اﻟﺘﺠﺎرة ﻋﻦ طﺮﯾﻖ اﻟﺘﺠﺎرة ‪ -‬ﻣﮭﻤﺎ ﻛﺎﻧﺖ اﻟﻄﺮﯾﻘﺔ اﻟﻤﻨﻄﻘﯿﺔ أو اﻟﻄﺒﯿﻌﯿﺔ أو‬
‫اﻟﺘﻘﻠﯿﺪﯾﺔ ﻟﻠﻘﯿﺎم ﺑﺬﻟﻚ‪.‬‬
‫ ‪9-‬‬
‫ﺗﺮﺗﯿﺐ ﻋﺎم إﻟﻰ ﺧﺎص ﺣﯿﺜﻤﺎ ﯾﻨﻄﺒﻖ ذﻟﻚ ‪ ،‬رﺗﺐ اﻟﻤﻮاﺻﻔﺎت ﻣﻦ ﻋﺎم إﻟﻰ ﻣﺤﺪد‪.‬‬
‫ ‬