EXPERIMENT:

Detection of Organic Compounds:

Sample No: C-10

EXPERIMENT OBSERVATION INFERENCE

1. Take 2ml of C-10 in a test
tube and add a few crystals
of resorcinol. Shake the
contents. Slowly add 1 ml of
conc sulphuric acid along the
side of the test tube.
1.A red ring is formed at the 1. Formaldehyde may be
junction of the two liquids, present
while a white ppt is formed in
the aqueous layer

2. Take 2ml of C-10 in a test 2. A white ppt is formed 2. Formaldehyde may be

tube and add 1ml of freshly which readily turns pink present
prepared pyrogallol solution.
Shake the contents. Add 2ml
of conc HCl and warm the
contents in a water bath.

3. Take 2ml of C-10 in a test 3. Silver mirror is formed in 3. Formaldehyde may be

tube and add 2ml of Tollen’s the inner wall of the test tube present
reagent and warm the
contents in a water bath.

4. Take 2ml of C-10 in a test 4. A brick red ppt is obtained 4. Formaldehyde may be
tube and add 2ml of Fehling’s present
solution and warm the
contents in a water bath

5. Take 1ml of C-10 in a test 5. Pink colour turns blue on 5. Formaldehyde may be
tube and add few drops of adding conc. HCl present
schiff’s reagent. Wait for few
minutes and then add two
drops of conc. HCl

Result: Sample C-10 is Formaldehyde.

Sample No.: C-11

EXPERIMENT OBSERVATION INFERENCE

1. Take 2ml of a saturated 1. White ppt is obtained. 1. Acetone may be present

solution of NaHSO3 in a test
tube. To this add a few drops
of C-11. Shake well and
warm the contents.

2. Take 1ml of C-11 in a test 2. A ruby red colouration is 2. Acetone may be present
tube and add 1ml of freshly produced. The red colour
prepared sodium gradually fades away.
nitroprusside solution,
followed by 4-5 drops of dil
NaOH solution
3. Take 2ml of C-11 in a test 3. A yellow ppt is obtained 3. Acetone may be present
tube and to this add a few with a characteristic smell
crystals of iodine, followed by
drops of NaOH solution till
the brown colour disappears.
Warm the contents gently
and then let it cool

Result: Sample C-11 is Acetone

Sample No.: C-12
2 g of the solid sample is dissolved in 10ml of hot water to perform the following tests.

EXPERIMENT OBSERVATION INFERENCE

1. The 3ml of the above 1. Shiny white crystals 1. Benzoic acid may be
solution is shaken well and separate out as shiny leaflets present
allowed to be cooled

2. Take 2ml of the solution of 2. Effervescence of a 2. Benzoic acid may be

C-12 in a test tube and add to colourless gas which turns present
it a few drops of NaHCO3 lime water milky. The gas is
solution CO2.

3. Take 2ml of C-12 solution 3. Pleasant fruity smell of 3.Benzoic acid may be
in a test tube and add a few ester evolved present
drops of conc. sulphuric acid,
followed by 5ml of ethanol
and heat the contents in a
water bath.

4. Take 2ml of C-12 solution 4. Buff coloured ppt 4.Benzoic acid may be
in a test tube and add neutral present
FeCl3 solution to it

Result: Sample C-12 is Benzoic acid

Sample No.: C-13

EXPERIMENT OBSERVATION INFERENCE

1. Take 1ml of C-13 in a 1. A deep red colour is 1. Aniline may be

test tube and add a formed which changes to present
few drops of dilute deep blue or black.
sulphuric acid. Now
add I ml of potassium
dichromate solution.
Shake and warm the
contents.
2. Take 1ml of C-13 in a test 2.Purple colour is formed 2. Aniline may be
tube add a few drops of present
water. Add 2-3 drops of
sodium hypochlorite
solution and shake the
contents
3. Take 1 ml of C-13 in a 3.A pale green colour is 3. Aniline may be
test tube and add 1 ml of formed present
conc. hydrochloric acid to
it. Now add a few drops of
neutral ferric chloride
solution and dilute the
content with water
4. Take 1 ml of C-13 in a 4.A pinkish white precipitate is 4. Aniline may be
test tube and add 5 ml of formed present
bromine water. Shake the
contents of the test tube.

Result: Sample C-13 is Aniline

Sample No.: C-14

EXPERIMENT OBSERVATION INFERENCE

1. Take about 0.2 g of 1. On adding 1. Glycerol may

borax in a test tube phenolphthalein to be present
and 5 ml of water to borax solution, pink
it. Shake well to get colour is produced.
a clear solution. To Pink colour disappear
this add two drops on shaking with C-14,
of phenolphthalein which reappears on
solution. Now add heating and
2-3 drops of C-14 disappears on cooling
to this. Shake well.
Warm and cool.
2. To 1ml of C-14 2. A deep red colour is 2. Glycerol may be
solution in a clean test obtained on adding present
tube, add 4-5 drops of ammonium hydroxide.
phenol followed by 2-3
drops of concentrated
sulphuric acid. Heat
the mixture. Cool and
dilute with water and
add aqueous
ammonium hydroxide.
3. To 1 ml of C-14 3.Blue coloured solution 3. Glycerol may be
solution add 1 ml of is formed present
copper sulphate
solution and then 1 ml
sodium hydroxide
solution.

4. To about 2 ml of 4. Silver mirror is formed 4. Glycerol may be

Tollen’s reagent in a present
clean test tube, add
about 4-5 drops of the
C-14 solution and
heat the content in a
water bath for 5 min.

Result: Sample C-14 is Glycerol

Characteristics test for Carbohydrates:

Sample no.: C-15

Dissolve 1g of C – 15 in 10ml of distilled water.

EXPERIMENT OBSERVATION INFERENCE

1. Take 2ml of C-15 1. A brick red precipitate 1. Glucose may be

and add 2 ml is formed. present
Fehling’s solution
and heat strongly.

2. Take 2 ml of C-15 2. Shiny silver mirror is 2. Glucose may be

solution and add 2 ml formed on the inner wall of present.
of Tollen’s reagent the test tube.
and heat strongly.

3. Take 1 ml o C-15 3. A purple ring appears 3. Glucose may be

solution and add few at the junction of the C-15 present.
drops of alcoholic 𝛼- solution and concentrated
naphthol solution and H2SO4.
then 1ml of
conc.H2SO4 carefully
to the side of the test
tube.

4. Put 2 ml of C-15 4. A white precipitate is 4. Glucose may be

solution add 0.5g lead
Acetate. Now add 5ml
of ammonium
hydroxide solution.
Heat the mixture to
boiling for 2 mins.
formed on boiling. The present.
white precipitate turns
into salmon pink on boil
with ammonium
hydroxide.

Result: Sample C-15 is glucose (carbohydrate).