VOLUMETRIC ANALYSIS -CLASS XI

EXPERIMENT-1

Aim:
M
To prepare 100ml sodium carbonates solution and determine the Molarity and
20
M
the strength of the given solution of hydrochloric acid using sodium carbonate
20
solution.

Apparatus required:
Burette, Pipette, Burette stand, conical flask.

Chemicals Required:
Sodium carbonate, hydrochloric acid, Indicator (methyl orange)
, distilled water.

Theory:
M
• To prepare 100ml sodium carbonate solution
20

Weight of Na2CO3 required for preparing 100 ml M/20 Na2CO3 solution.

𝑀 weight of sodium carbonate required for 100 ml. × 1000

=
20 molar mass of sodium carbonate × 100

1 𝑥 × 1000 𝑥 × 10
∴ = ⇒
20 106 × 100 106

1 10𝑥
=
20 106

106
= = 0.53 gm.
200
 • Chemical reaction:
Hydrochloric acid solution taken in the burette neutralizes a known volume of (20
ml) of sodium carbonate solution taken in the titration flask to give corresponding
salt and water. The titration is carried out using Methyl orange as the indicator.

• Chemical equation:
Na2CO3(aq) + 2HCl(aq) → 2NaCl(aq) + CO2(g) + H2O(l)

• Formula used

M HCl  VHCl No. of moles of HCl in balanced equation

=
M Na 2 CO3  VNa 2 CO3 No. of moles of Na 2 CO3 in balanced equation

M 1V1 (HCl ) 2
=
M 2V2 ( Na2CO3 ) 1

• Strength of HCl = Molarity x Molar mass

• Indicator:
Methyl Orange

• End Point:
Yellow to pink (acid in burette)

Procedure:
(i) 0.53 gm of sodium carbonate is transferred to 100 ml volumetric flask and
made up to 100 ml by adding water.
(ii) Take a burette and wash it with water.
(iii) Rinse and then fill the burette with the given solution of hydrochloric acid.
Clamp it vertically in burette stand.
(iv) Rinse the pipette with the given sodium carbonate solution.
(v) Pipette out 20 ml of the sodium carbonate solution in a washed titration flask.
(vi) Add 2-3 drops of methyl orange indicator into it and place it just below the
nozzle of the burette over a white glazed tile.
(vii) Note down the lower meniscus of the solution in the burette and record it as
the initial burette reading.
(viii) Now run the hydrochloric acid solution slowly and drop wise into the flask
till the colour of the solution changes from yellow to light pink. Read the
lower meniscus of the solution again in the burette and record it as final
burette reading.
(ix) Repeat the titration 3 times till you get two concordant values.

Observation:
M
Molarity of the given Na2CO3 solution = = 0.05 mol/L (M2)
20
Volume of Na2CO3 solution taken for each titration = 20 ml (V2).

S.No Volume of Na2CO3 Burette reading (ml) Volume of

used (ml) hydrochloric acid
Initial Final used (ml)

1 20 0

2 20 0

3 20 0

Concordant value = ________ ml

Calculations:
i) Molarity of HCl:
According to the equation, one mole of Na2CO3 reacts with two moles of HCl.
M 1V1 (HCl ) Stoichiome tric coefficien t of HCl
=
M 2V2 ( Na2CO3 ) Stoichiome tric coefficien t of Na 2 CO3

M HCl  VHCl No. of moles of HCl in balanced equation

=
M Na 2 CO3  VNa 2 CO3 No. of moles of Na 2 CO3 in balanced equation

M 1V1 (HCl ) 2
=
M 2V2 ( Na2CO3 ) 1
 M1=unknown
V1= concordant value in ml
M2=1/20 M
V2= 20 ml
M1 = = ________ mol/L

ii) Strength of HCl:

Strength of HCl = Molarity x Molar mass
= _______ mol/L× 36.5 g / mol = ________g/L

Result:
1) Molarity of Hydrochloric acid solution = __________mol/L
2) Strength of Hydrochloric acid solution = __________gm/L

Precaution:

(i) Wash the apparatus thoroughly

(ii) Check the lower meniscus of the pipette and burette.
(iii) Run the solution from burette drop wise and constantly swirl the conical flask.
(iv) Avoid parallax error.
(v) Use only one or two drops of Indicator. Large amount of indicator will not
give sharp end point.
(vi) The same number of drops of indicator should be used for each titration.