JUANEZA, RANDY JR. C.

STT 041.1 Problem Set #2 - Binomial Distribution

1. A multiple-choice quiz has 15 questions, each with 5 possible answers of which

only one is the correct answer. What is the probability that sheer guesswork yields
Let:
P(C)=Probability of getting correct answers = 1/5 = 0.20
P(W)=Probability of getting wrong answers = 4/5 = 0.80

Constructing a table for binomial distribution:

P(0) 15C0(0.20)
0
(0.80)15 (1)(0.20)0(0.80)15 0.03518437208 ≈ 0.0352
P(1) 1
15C1(0.20) (0.80)
14
(15)(0.20)1(0.80)14 0.13194139533 ≈ 0.1319
P(2) 2
15C2(0.20) (0.80)
13
(105)(0.20)2(0.80)13 0.23089744183 ≈ 0.2309
P(3) 3
15C3(0.20) (0.80)
12
(455)(0.20)3(0.80)12 0.25013889531 ≈ 0.2501
P(4) 4
15C4(0.20) (0.80)
11
(1,365)(0.20)4(0.80)11 0.18760417148 ≈ 0.1876
P(5) 15C5(0.20)5(0.80)10 (3,003)(0.20)5(0.80)10 0.10318229431 ≈ 0.1032
P(6) 6
15C6(0.20) (0.80)
9
(5,005)(0.20)6(0.80)9 0.04299262263 ≈ 0.0430
P(7) 7
15C7(0.20) (0.80)
8
(6,435)(0.20)7(0.80)8 0.01381905727 ≈ 0.1382
P(8) 8
15C8(0.20) (0.80)
7
(6,435)(0.20)8(0.80)7 0.00345476431 ≈ 0.0035
P(9) 9
15C9(0.20) (0.80)
6
(5,005)(0.20)9(0.80)6 0.00067175972 ≈ 0.0007
P(10) 10
15C10(0.20) (0.80)
5
(3,003)(0.20)10(0.80)5 0.00010076395 ≈ 0.0001
P(11) 15C11(0.20)
11
(0.80)4 (1,365)(0.20)11(0.80)4 0.00001145044 ≈ 0.0000
P(12) 12
15C12(0.20) (0.80)
3
(455)(0.20)12(0.80)3 9.5420416e-7 ≈ 0.0000
P(13) 13
15C13(0.20) (0.80)
2
(105)(0.20)13(0.80)2 5.505024e-8 ≈ 0.0000
P(14) 15C14(0.20)
14
(0.80)1 (15)(0.20)14(0.80)1 1.96608e-9 ≈ 0.0000
P(15) 15C15(0.20)
15
(0.80) 0
(1)(0.20)15(0.80)0 3.2768e -11
≈ 0.0000

Based on the table above, the probabilities are as follows:

a) From 5 to 10 correct answers?

P(5) + P(6) + P(7) + P(8) + P(9) + P(10)
= 0.1032 + 0.0430 + 0.1382 + 0.0035 + 0.0007 + 0.0001
≈ 0.2887 or 0.29 or 29%

b) 2 correct answers?
P(2) = 15C2 (0.20)2 (0.80)13
= (105) (0.20)2 (0.80)13
≈ 0.2309 or 0.23 or 23%

c) From 3 to 4 correct answers?

P(3) +P(4)
= 0.2501 + 0.1876
≈ 0.4377 or 0.44 or 44%
d) At least 5 correct answers?
P(5)+P(6)+P(7)+P(8)+P(9)+P(10)+P(11)+P(12)+P(13)+P(14)+P(15)
= 0.1032+0.0430+0.1382+0.0035+0.0007+0.0001+0.0000+0.0000+0.0000 + 0.0000 +
0.0000
≈ 0.2887 or 0.29 or 29%

e) At most 3 correct answers?

P(0) + P(1) + P(2) + P(3)
= 0.0352 + 0.1319 + 0.2309 + 0.2501
≈ 0.6481 or 0.65 or 65%

2. Visiting the Dentist. Sixty-three percent of adults say they are visiting the dentist
less because of the economy. You randomly select six adults and ask them if they
are visiting the dentist less because of the economy.

a) construct a binomial distribution, n= 6; p = 0.63; q = 0.37

x P(x)
P (0) 0
0
6C0(0.63) (0.37)
6
≈ 0.003
P (1) 1 1
6C1(0.63) (0.37)
5
≈ 0.026
P (2) 2 2
6C2(0.63) (0.37)
4
≈ 0.112
P (3) 3 3
6C3(0.63) (0.37)
3
≈ 0.253
P (4) 4 4
6C4(0.63) (0.37)
2
≈ 0.323
P (5) 5 5
6C5(0.63) (0.37)
1
≈ 0.220
P (6) 6 6
6C6(0.63) (0.37)
0
≈ 0.063

b) binomial distribution using a histogram and describe its shape.

Visiting the Dentist

0.35

0.3 0.323

0.25
0.253
Probability

0.2 0.22

0.15

0.1
0.112

0.05 0.063
0.003 0.026
0
0 1 2 3 4 5 6
Number of Adults
 Based on the histogram, the shape of the distribution is negatively skewed or skewed
left since the tail of the graph extends to the left.
c) the mean, variance, and standard deviation of the binomial distribution

Given:
n= 6
p = 0.63
q = 0.37

Mean = np Variance = npq SD = √npq

= (6)(0.63) = (6)(0.63)(0.37) = √(6)(0.63)(0.37)
Mean = 3.78 or 3.8 Variance = 1.3986 or 1.4 SD ≈ 1.1826 or 1.2

d) Interpret the results in the context of the real-life situation. What values of the
random variable x would you consider unusual? Explain your reasoning.

Because of the economy, 3.8 out of every 6 adults are visiting the dentist less
frequently. Since the standard deviation is 1.2, it can be inferred that most samples of six
adults would deviate from the mean by no more than 1.2 people. Taken into account the
values x= 0 and x=1, theses values would be unusual because their probabilities are less than
0.05.