RESEARCH METHODOLOGY (ITC 4211)

COURSE LECTURER: Dr ISHOLA

SNAP ASSIGNMENT 1

ASSINGMENT CONDUCTED BY

AISHA KABIR UMAR

UG17ICT1059
 21 AUGUST,2021

PRODUCTS OF RESEARCH

1. Model
2. Framework
3. Algorithm
4. Theory

MODEL

A model literary means an informative representation of an object or systems. In research

methodology, a model is a pictorial or graphic representation of key concepts. it shows (with the help of
arrows and other diagrams) the relationship between various types of variables e.g., independent,
dependent, moderating, mediating variables. A model is a more abstracted way of schematizing a
process, so your strategy could be generalized to solve similar problems in other fields. Models are not

testable because they are merely descriptive [1]. A research model can assist in identifying significant
variables in such a way that tests of hypotheses can be defined. Historical, comparative, description,
action, evaluation, experimental are all types of research model.

FRAMEWORK

A framework is a real or conceptual structure intended to serve as a support or guide for the building of
something that expands the structure into something useful. A framework is generally more
comprehensive than a protocol and more prescriptive than a structure. There are two types of
framework when doing a research. The Theoretical and the Conceptual framework.

Theoretical Framework

Theoretical Framework is the structure that can hold or support a theory of a research study. The
theoretical framework introduces and describes the theory that explains why the research problem
under study exists. A theoretical framework is a broad and established set of rules, truths, or principles

on which the study is founded. Examples include Newton’s laws of motion in physical sciences.[2]

2
Conceptual Framework

A Conceptual framework is a specific exploration of an aspect of the theoretical framework. In other

words, the conceptual framework is used to arrive at a hypothesis.[2]

ALGORITHM

Generally, an algorithm is a series of instructions telling a computer how to transform a set of facts
about the world into useful information. The facts are data, and the useful information is knowledge for
people, instructions for machines or input for yet another algorithm. In research method, Algorithm is a
computer science term for a way of solving a problem, and it also refers to the instructions given to the
computer to solve the problem. The study of algorithms is central to computer science and is of great

practical importance to survey data analysis because algorithms are used in statistical programs.[3]

THEORY

A theory is a rational type of abstract thinking about a phenomenon, or the results of such thinking. The
process of contemplative and rational thinking is often associated with such processes as observational
study or research. In research methodology, Theories are formulated to explain, predict, and understand
phenomena and, in many cases, to challenge and extend existing knowledge within the limits of critical
bounding assumptions. The theoretical framework is the structure that can hold or support a theory of a

research study.[4]

REFRENCES

[1] “How would you define a ‘model’ within a theoretical research?”

https://www.researchgate.net/post/How-would-you-define-a-model-within-a-theoretical-
research (accessed Oct. 24, 2021).

[2] “What is conceptual framework in research? | Editage Insights.”

https://www.editage.com/insights/what-conceptual-framework-research (accessed Oct. 24,
2021).

[3] P. Lavrakas, “Encyclopedia of Survey Research Methods,” Encycl. Surv. Res. Methods, May 2012,
doi: 10.4135/9781412963947.

[4] R. V. Labaree, “Research Guides: Organizing Your Social Sciences Research Paper: Theoretical

3
Framework,” Accessed: Oct. 25, 2021. [Online].