Davao Doctors College, Inc.

College of Allied Health Sciences

Nursing Program

NRG103: Human Anatomy & Physiology

All a Nurse Needs to Know about Human Anatomy & Physiology

Getting to Know the Course Instructor

Hello! I am _____________________________,
your clinical instructor, and I’d like to welcome you to your
last module for NRG103: Human Anatomy &
Physiology. I, on behalf of the Nursing Program, am
looking forward to guiding you in learning this course well.
For you to learn this course better, it is important that you
get to know me well. Here is my contact information:

Name of Instructor: ______________________

Contact No: ____________________________
Facebook account: _______________________
E-mail address: _________________________
Consultation hours: ______________________

Introduction to the Course

This course deals with the physiologic concepts, principles, and basic anatomical structure. It
covers the basics of human anatomy and physiology, including anatomical terminology, basic
biochemistry, cells, and tissues, and the integumentary, skeletal, muscular, nervous, endocrine,
cardiovascular, lymphatic/immune, respiratory, digestive, urinary, and reproductive systems. It
also introduces common human disease processes. In this course, you are expected to relate the
concepts of anatomy and physiology in the practice of nursing.

Course Number: NRG 103

Course Credits 5 units (3 units Lecture, 2 units Lab)

No of Hours
102 hours
(Lab):

Placement: First year, First Semester

Prerequisite: -

Please refer to the class schedule presented in your AIMS

Schedule: Account. You may also ask this information from your
instructor.

Please check the class codes in our DDC Nursing Commons

Classroom: cloud storage. You may also ask this information from your
instructor.

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Davao Doctors College, Inc.
College of Allied Health Sciences
Nursing Program

Requirements in Completing the LAB Activities

Since most of our sessions for this semester will be delivered through distance/blended learning
activities, the submissions will also be done online. To do this, you need to have access to the
following applications:

1. Microsoft Office/Google Docs

2. Google Classroom (or Quipper; will depend on the instructor in-charge)
3. Google Meet (or any other teleconferencing app, duly agreed by the whole class)
4. Internet connectivity

Access to a printer and/or scanner is also a plus, but not a requirement.

Now that you are done acquainting yourself with the instructor and the course itself, please
proceed to Worksheet 7: Endocrine, Digestive, Urinary, and Reproductive Systems.

Instructions: The worksheet should be handwritten. However, this must be done by group.
You may print the worksheet and write your answers on the printed sheets. You may
also write your answers on a clean bond paper. Observe pagination. Do not forget to place
the names, year level and section, and name of instructor on all of the sheets. Once done,
send the compilation of your group’s answers to your clinical instructor.

After the submission, prepare a PPT presentation for your presentation. Each member of the
group is expected to present during the worksheet answer presentations.

Learning Outcomes
At the end of this module, you are expected to:
1. Be apprised with the different parts of the endocrine, digestive, urinary, and reproductive
systems, including the organs of senses;
2. Utilize knowledge on endocrine, digestive, urinary, and reproductive systems on various
clinical situations.

As you start with this module, you are free to consult and coordinate with your assigned clinical
instructor. Be sure to get his/her email address and contact number for collaboration and
assistance. Just keep going, you can do it!

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 Davao Doctors College, Inc.
College of Allied Health Sciences
Nursing Program

Hello, future nurse!

Welcome to your seventh and last worksheet. This worksheet will help you learn the different
parts of the endocrine, digestive, urinary, and reproductive systems, including their functions and
relevance in the human body. Let us learn the basics of these systems first before you answer
the Deep Dive activity for the week. Please follow the instructions listed under each activity:

I. Functional Anatomy of the Endocrine Glands

In the nervous system, nerve impulses carry the messages to different organs of the body.
The endocrine system produces hormones and release them into the blood to travel to relatively distant target
organs. Nerve or electrical impulses transmit through neurons.Hormones travel through bloodstreams.
Hormones are chemical substances that act like messenger molecules in the body. After
being made in one part of the body, they travel to other parts of the body where they help
control how cells and organs do their work. And it is a chemical produced by endocrine glands and released
into blood and transported to a distantly located target organ

Thyroid gland
Adrenal gland
Pancreas
Pineal gland
Parathyroid gland
Ovaries

by producing releasing/inhibiting hormones which stimulate/inhibit hormones production from the

anterior pituitary. These are trophic hormones, which control the release of another hormone.
the anterior pituitary receives its signals from the parvocellular neurons, and the posterior
pituitary receives its signals from the magnocellular neurons.

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 Davao Doctors College, Inc.
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Nursing Program

estrogen & testosterone

PTH
Insulin
growth hormone
Thyroxin/ T4

(Thyroid
T3/T4 gland)
(Thyroid (Parathyroid
PTH gland) calcitonin gland)

thymosin (Thymus)
testosterone (testes)
(adrenal (thyroid
FSH (ovaries) LH (testes) ACTH cortex) TSH gland)
(adrenal
epinephrine medulla)

glucagon (pancreas) insulin (pancreas)

progesterone (ovaries)
estrogen (ovaries)
(posterior
ADH aldosterone (adrenal cortex)
pituitary)
(posterior
oxytocin pituitary)

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Davao Doctors College, Inc.
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Nursing Program

The insulin diffused in the blood circulation of the fish through the capillaries present in its gills. As insulin entered the fish's blood
circulation, the insulin started to work and that reduces the blood glucose level of the fish.

Glucose was being swept out of the blood into the cells. This led to a hypoglycemic reaction, which affects nervous system
functioning adversely

Give him/her a glass of orange juice or soda

or sweetened fruit juice, and eat a hard candy or have
glucose paste, tablets, or gel. A sugar source will increase blood glucose levels.

Glucose tolerance test is used to aid in diagnosis of diabetes mellitus or gestational diabetes.

II. Functional Anatomy of the Digestive System

A. C. F G
B. D. E

oral cavity
stomach small intestine
small intestine

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 Davao Doctors College, Inc.
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teeth
oral cavity
tongue
sublingual
submandibular esophagus
parotid gland

left lobe of liver

right lobe of liver Stomach

gallbladder
bile duct Transverse colon
duodenum
pyloric sphincter Pancreas
ascending colon
jejenum descending colon
ileum sigmoid colon
Cecum
Appendix rectum
anus

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Davao Doctors College, Inc.
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B. C.
A. D.

fatty acids glycerol

amino acids
monosaccharides (simple sugars)
vitamins minerals
water

mouth
hard palate
mechanical
chewing (mastication)
deciduos
20
permanent 32

C, E
A,
F
B, D

taste
hard palate

sublingual glands
Parotid glands
submandibular glands

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Davao Doctors College, Inc.
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ducts
oral cavity
amylase maltose
tasted
swallowed
lysozome
swallowing
medulla

pharaynx stomach
lower esophageal sphincter
stomach acid/ esophagus
contents

A,D,F
C, G
E,H,J
B,I

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Davao Doctors College, Inc.
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esophagus
small intestine
reservoir

rugae
gastric pits
gastric juice

C
A
B
D
hydrochloric acid
pepsin

parasymphathetic

enterendocrine
gastrin
external muscle

stomach
duodenom
duodenom
stomach

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Davao Doctors College, Inc.
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Nursing Program

esophagus

fundus

longitudinal layer
cardia

circular layer
lesser
curvature oblique layer
pyloric sphincter body

greater curvature
rugae
pylorus

duodenum

diaphragm
abdominal
lobule
sinusoids
hepatic portal
bile
bile
fats
mechanical
hepatic cystic
common bile duodenum

bilirubin excess cholesterol

feces
liver
stores bile concentrates bile

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 Davao Doctors College, Inc.
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enteroendocrine duodenum
secretin
cholecytoskinin

liver

hepatic duct
gallbladder
stomach

pyloric sphincter
cystic duct pancreas

pancreatic duct
common bile duct

duodenum

hepatopancreatic
ampulla

duodenum
spleen
common bile

trypsin

lipase fatty acids

glycerol
amylase maltose

stomach duodenum

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Davao Doctors College, Inc.
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large intestine
stomach large intestine
duodenum ileum
jejunum
duodenum

external muscle layer

enteric nervous system

lymph nodes
bile
pancreatic juice
glands
foods

disaccharides monosaccharide
amino acids

A
B
C, D

capillary network
lacteal

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Davao Doctors College, Inc.
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A, 1
B,4
A, 1
B,4
A, 1
A, 4
A, 2
A, 3

B12 intrinsic

D parathyroid

liver
left subclavian

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Davao Doctors College, Inc.
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NONE NONE

pepsin-
NONE digest proteins to
polypeptides

Bile salts-
NONE
emulsify
fats
amylase- trypsin-
digest starch digest polypeptides to
to maltose peptides
sucrase, maltase, lactase peptidases-
- digest disaccharide digest peptides to
to monosaccharide amino acids

amylase

amylase

sucrase, lactase, maltase

bile
lipase
pepsin

trypsin

peptidases

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Davao Doctors College, Inc.
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colon elium
anus
cecum

4
6 7
2 3
5

water mineral vitamins

undigested food
bacteria
pathogens
vitamins vitamin k
spinal cord
rectum

4
2
3
external anal
sphincter

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Davao Doctors College, Inc.
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1. transverse colon
2. haustra
3. taeniae oli
4. hepatic flexure
5. ascending colon
6. ileum
7. ileocecal valve
8. appendix
9. cecum
10.sphlenic flexure
11. descending colon
12.sigmoid colon
13.rectum
14. anal canal
15. anus

J
I
H
G
M
B
C
L
E
A
D
F
N
K

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Davao Doctors College, Inc.
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ACROSS: DOWN:
3. Essential 1. Periodontal ligament
8. Emulsify 2. Defecation reflex
10.Saliva 4. LES
11. Normal 5. Pyloric sphincter
12. Common bile duct 6. Hepatitis
14. Mechanical 7. Rugae
16. Duodenum 9. Alimentary Tube
17. Chemical 13. Appendicitis
19. Ileocecal Valve 15. Villi
20. Non-essential 18. Enamel

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 Davao Doctors College, Inc.
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III. Functional Anatomy of the Urinary System

.
Perirenal fat capsules anchor the kidneys to the dorsal body wall in a retroperitoneal position and cushions it against blows

renal vein
renal artery

kidney

ureter

urinary bladder

urethra

kidney
urinary bladder

urethra
renal artery
kidney
ureter

length of urethra

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Davao Doctors College, Inc.
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E
M

J
F
K

C
H
B
A
I
G
D
L
afferent and efferent arterioles. Its high pressure is due to the fact that it is the only capillary bed that has both an afferent and
efferent arteriole.

glomerulus
proximal convoluted tubule
collecting duct
peritubular capillaries
glomerular capsule

The glomerulus is a uniquely high-pressure capillary bed between

afferent and efferent arterioles. Its high pressure is due to the fact that it has both an afferent and efferent arteriole.
The force of hydrostatic pressure in the glomerulus (the force of
pressure exerted from the pressure of the blood vessel itself) is the driving force that pushes filtrate out of the capillaries and into
the slits in the nephron.

Their possession of dense microvilli (especially the PCT cells).

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Segmental artery - Interlobar - Arcuate - Cortical radiate - Afferent arteriole - Glomerulus -

Efferent arteriole - Peritubular capillaries - Cortical radiate vein - Arcuate vein - interlobar vein

Proximal convoluted tubule - Loop of Henle -

Distal convoluted tubule - Collecting duct -
Minor calyx – Major calyx - Renal pelvis - Ureter - Urinary bladder -

1.0 - 1.8 liters

. Urea, Uric acid, ammonium

Glucose, Amino acid, Blood proteins

Glucose and amino acid

It's used to detect and manage a wide range of disorders
such as urinary tract infections, kidney disease and diabetes. A urinalysis involves checking the appearance, concentration and
content of urine. For example, a urinary tract infection can make urine look cloudy instead of clear.
The yellow coloration of urine results from urobilin (or urochrome)
that is produced as a product of bilirubin degradation. .
1mL of urine
because it contains dissolved solutes.

This relationship is based upon volume; the smaller

the volume, the greater the specific gravity and the deeper the color

The more solids in solution, the higher will be the specific gravity will be. The
greater the volume of urine in a 24-hour specimen, the lower will be the specific
gravity.

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Davao Doctors College, Inc.
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Hematuria
Hemoglobinuria
Glycosuria
Albuminuria
Ketonuria
Pyuria

The Kidneys stones, urinary retention, urinary

tract infections, and alkaline urine causes their formation

pH would change

B,H
C,F,G
A,D,E

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 Davao Doctors College, Inc.
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1. Renal pelvis 9. cortex

2. renal artery 10. medulla
3. renal veins 11.papilla
4. ureter 12. renal corpuscle
5. renal pyramid 13. renal tubules
6. renal papilla 14.papillary duct
7. cortex
8. calyx

functional
renal corpuscle renal tubule
glomerulus
Bowman's capsule
afferent
efferent
efferent arteriole

pores
permeable
renal filtrate

2
3
3
2
papillary duct
peritubular capillary
efferent

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renal corpuscle

glomerulus Bowman's capsule

renal filtrate
large proteins blood cells
large
yes
yes
2

blood plasma
blood

1 minute
decrease
increase

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 Davao Doctors College, Inc.
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IV. Anatomy of the Reproductive System

Sperm production and testosterone production

Urinary bladder
seminal gland ductus (vas) deferens

ampulla of ductus
spongy urethra
(vas) deferens
ejaculatory duct corpus cavernosum
prostate penis
Bulbo-urethral gland
corpus spongiosum
glans penis

The bladder's drainage canal is partially blocked by the enlarged prostate. Urinary tract
infections are more common in older men due to changes in the prostate gland. If the bladder
is not entirely evacuated, urine may back up into the kidneys.

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 Davao Doctors College, Inc.
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Penis
Testis
Ductus deferens

Spongy urethra
Epididymis

Scrotum
Prepuce
Membrane urethra

Prostate
Bulbo-Urethra gland

It's in the scrotum because the scrotum has a colder temperature

than the rest of the body, which is ideal for sperm
Seminal fluid and sperm make
up sperm in sperm. Citric acid, free amino acids, fructose, enzyme, prostaglandin zinc, and
potassium are also found in sperm. The testes create sperm, while the prostate, seminal vesicles,
and bulbourethral gland produce seminal fluid.

Seminal fluid protects sperm from the acidity of the female reproductive tract's environment.

Seminiferous Tubule Rete Testis Epididymis Ductus Deferens

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Davao Doctors College, Inc.
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suspensory uterine (fallopian) tube fundus of uterus

ligament broad ligament: mesosalpinx
ovarian ligament

fimbriae
round ligament of uterus
ovary

ureter
broad ligament: cervix
mesometrium

vagina

uterus

vagina
uterine (fallopian) tube

clitoris

uterine (fallopian) tube

ovary
fimbriae

The mons pubis, labia majora, labia minora, and clitoris are the external genitals

Clitoris Urethral Opening Vaginal Orifice Anus

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scrotum penis testes

Vagina cervical canal, lumen of uterus, fallopian tubes, Infundibulum, Fimbriae

It is the release of an oocyte

Rete testis seminiferous tubules

spermatic cord
blood vessels and nerves

ductus (vas)
head of epididymis
deferens
lobule

epididymis
rete testis
testis

septum

A follicle is a small sac of fluid in the ovaries that contains a developing egg.

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Davao Doctors College, Inc.
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The primary follicles produced estrogen, whereas the vesicular follicles refer to the mature
stage, where rising estrogen levels stimulate the release of it.

A corpus luteum is a mass of cells that forms in an ovary and is responsible

for the production of the hormone progesterone during early pregnancy. The role of the corpus
luteum depends on whether or not fertilization occurs.
Progesterone is the predominant hormone generated by
the corpus luteum, however it also produces inhibin A and estradiol.

You are almost done with our worksheet 7! Here’s your last dive, a combination of
assessments to test your knowledge about endocrine, digestive, urinary, and reproductive
systems.

Digestive: Please answer the following questions:

gallbladder
cholesterol
remove the gallbladder surgically

bacteria

antibiotics

yellow
bilirubin
liver

viral infection
sexual contact

pyloric stenosis

lactose intolerance

peritonitis

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Davao Doctors College, Inc.
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Urinary: Please answer the following questions:

escherchia coli or E. coli

gastrointestinal tract
kidney
bladder
kidney stones
increase

dilute

NO
since his urinary output is too low, his
YES
kidneys are not working well, his
blood urea nitrogen is
postrenal elevated and also his blood
intrinsic renal creatinine level is elevated
postrenal
prerenal
intrinsic renal
Dialysis

waste excess water

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Davao Doctors College, Inc.
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Reproductive: Please answer the following questions:

prostate
prostatic hypertrophy

urethra

tubal ligation
fallopian tube
vasectomy

ductus deferens

syphilis

bacteria
ectopic
conjunctivitis
pneumonia
virus

nervous

chest radiation therapy

mammogram

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Davao Doctors College, Inc.
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Endocrine: List down all hormones in the body and provide information on the following: gland, hormone, target organ, response/
function, stimulated by, inhibited by, hypersecretion, and hyposecretion. Sample answers are provided below:

Gland Hormone Target Organ Response/ Stimulated By Inhibited By Hypersecretion Hyposecretion

Function
Pituitary Gland Growth Hormone Liver, bones and Stimulates Growth Hormone Somatomedins Gigantism Dwarfism
(Hypophysis) (GH) muscles somatic growth; Releasing Insulin-like Growth Acromegaly
mobilizes fats; Hormone (GHRH) Factor (IGF)
spares glucose
(Adenohypophysis
= Anterior)
Thyroid- Thyroid Stimulates Thyrotropin- Feedback Results to Cretinism in
Stimulating production of releasing Mechanism Hyperthyroidism children;
Hormone (TSH) thyroid hormones Hormone (TRH)

Note: Continue this table in another sheet. Complete your answer on that sheet.

END OF WORKSHEET 7

Congratulations! You have completed this module. Prepare your PPT for your presentation next week. Your video clip will also be
shown to the rest of the class. Please wait for further instructions (if any) from you instructor

References:
Berman, A., Snyder, S., & Frandsen, G. (2016). Kozier & Erb’s fundamentals of nursing: Concepts, process, and practice (10th ed.).
Pearson Education, Inc. https://1lib.ph/book/5409227/fad887

Marieb, E., & Keller, S. (2017). Essentials of human anatomy & physiology (12th ed.). https://bok.asia/book/5010929/ac07d2

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