Chapter

Differentiation 127

CONTENTS
3.1 Derivative at a Point
 Geometrical meaning of derivative at a point
 Physical interpretation at a point

3.2 Some Standard Differentiation

 Differentiation of Algebraic functions
 Differentiation of trigonometric functions
 Differentiation of Logarithmic and Exponential
functions
 Differentiation of Inverse circular functions
 Differentiation of hyperbolic functions
 Differentiation by Trigonometrical substitution
 Some suitable substitution
3.3 Theorems for Differentiation
3.4 Relation between dy/dx and dx/dy
3.5 Methods of Differentiation
 Differentiation of Implict functions
 Logarithmic Differentiation
 Differentiation of Parametric functions
 Differentiation of Infinite Series
 Differentiation of composite function
3.6 Differentiation of a function with respect
to another function
3.7 Successive Differentiation or Higher order
Derivatives
3.8 nth derivative using Partial Fractions
3.9 Differentiation of Determinant
3.10 Differentiation of Integral Function
3.11 Leibnitz's Theorem
Assignment (Basic and Advance Level)
Answer Sheet of Assignment
Issac Newton
In the history of mathematics two names are
prominent to share the credit for inventing
calculus, Issac Newton (1642-1727) and G.W.
Leibinitz (1646-1717). Both of them
independently invented calculus around the
seventeenth century. After the advent of
calculus many mathematicians contributed for
further development of calculus. The rigorous
concept is mainly attributed to the great
mathematicians, A.L. Cauchy, J.L., Lagrange
and Karl Weierstrass.
Before 1900, it was thought that calculus is
quite difficult to teach. So calculus became
beyond the reach of youngsters. But just in
1900, John Perry and others in England started
propagating the view that essential ideas and
methods of calculus were simple and could be
taught even in schools. F.L. Griffin, pioneered
the teaching of calculus to first year students.
This was regarded as one of the most daring
act in those days.
Today not only the mathematics but many
other subjects such as Physics, Chemistry,
Economics and Biological Sciences are
enjoying the fruits of calculus.
128 Differentiation

Introduction.
The rate of change of one quantity with respect to some another quantity has a great
importance. For example, the rate of change of displacement of a particle with respect to time is
called its velocity and the rate of change of velocity is called its acceleration.
The rate of change of a quantity ‘y’ with respect to another quantity ‘x’ is called the
derivative or differential coefficient of y with respect to x.
3.1 Derivative at a Point.
f (a  h)  f (a)
The derivative of a function at a point x  a is defined by f (a)  lim (provided the
h 0 h
limit exists and is finite)
The above definition of derivative is also called derivative by first principle.
(1) Geometrical meaning of derivatives at a point: Consider the curve y  f (x ) . Let f (x ) be
differentiable at x  c. Let P(c, f (c)) be a point on the curve and Q (x , f (x )) be a neighbouring point
on the curve. Then,
f (x )  f (c)
Slope of the chord PQ  . Taking limit as Q  P , i.e., x  c, y
x c Q[x,
f(x)]
f (x )  f (c)
we get lim (slope of the chord PQ)  lim ……(i)
Q P x c x c f(x) –
f(c)
[c,
As Q  P , chord PQ becomes tangent at P. f(c)]P


Therefore from (i), we have x–

c

f (x )  f (c)  df (x ) 
Slope of the tangent at P = lim   . 0 x
x c x c  dx  x  c

Note :  Thus, the derivatives of a function at a point x  c is the slope of the tangent to
curve, y  f (x ) at point (c, f (c)).

(2) Physical interpretation at a point : Let a particle moves in a straight line OX starting
from O towards X. Clearly, the position of the particle at any instant would depend upon the
time elapsed. In other words, the distance of the particle from O will be some function f of time
t.
P Q
O X
t = t0 t = t0 +
h
 Differentiation 129

Let at any time t  t 0 , the particle be at P and after a further time h, it is at Q so that OP =
f (t 0 ) and OQ  f (t 0  h) . Hence, the average speed of the particle during the journey from P to Q is
PQ f (t0  h)  f (t0 )
, i.e.,  f (t0 , h) . Taking the limit of f (t 0 , h) as h  0 , we get its instantaneous
h h
f (t  h)  f (t0 )
speed to be lim 0 , which is simply f (t 0 ) . Thus, if f (t) gives the distance of a moving
h0 h
particle at time t, then the derivative of f at t  t 0 represents the instantaneous speed of the
particle at the point P, i.e., at time t  t 0 .

Important Tips
dy d d
 is (y ) in which is simply a symbol of operation and not ‘d’ divided by dx.
dx dx dx
 If f ( x 0 )  , the function is said to have an infinite derivative at the point x 0. In this case the line tangent to the
curve of y = f(x) at the point x0 is perpendicular to the x-axis

xf (2)  2 f (x )
Example: 1 If f (2)  4 , f (2)  1, then lim  [Rajasthan PET 1995, 2000]
x 2 x 2
(a) 1 (b) 2 (c) 3 (d) – 2
Solution: (b) Given f (2)  4, f (2)  1

xf (2)  2 f (x ) xf (2)  2 f (2)  2 f (2)  2 f (x ) (x  2) f (2) 2 f (x )  2 f (2)

 lim  lim  lim  lim
x 2 x 2 x 2 x 2 x 2 x 2 x 2 x 2
f (x )  f (2)
= f (2)  2 lim = f (2)  2 f (2)  4  2(1)  4  2  2
x 2 x 2
f (2)  2 f (2)
Trick : Applying L-Hospital rule, we get lim  2.
x 2 1

Example: 2 If f (x  y )  f (x ). f (y ) for all x and y and f (5)  2, f (0)  3, then f (5 ) will be
[IIT 1981; Karnataka CET 2000; UPSEAT 2002; MP PET 2002; AIEEE 2002]

(a) 2 (b) 4 (c) 6 (d) 8

Solution: (c) Let x  5, y  0  f (5  0)  f (5). f (0)

 f (5)  f (5) f (0)  f (0)  1

f (5  h)  f (5 ) f (5 ) f (h)  f (5)  f (h)  1 

Therefore, f (5)  lim = lim  lim 2   { f (5)  2 }
h 0 h h  0 h h  0  h 

 f (h)  f (0) 
= 2 lim 
h 0    2  f (0)  2  3  6 .
h 

g(x ) f (a)  g(a) f (x )

Example: 3 If f (a)  3, f (a)  2, g(a)  1, g(a)  4, then lim = [MP PET 1997]
x a x a
(a) – 5 (b) 10 (c) – 10 (d) 5
130 Differentiation

g(x ) f (a)  g(a) f (x )

Solution: (b) lim . We add and subtract g(a) f (a) in numerator
x a x a

g(x ) f (a)  g(a) f (a)  g(a) f (a)  g(a) f (x )  g(x )  g(a)   f (x )  f (a) 
= lim = lim f (a)   lim g(a) x  a 
x a x a x a  x  a  x a  

 g(x )  g(a)   f (x )  f (a) 

= f (a) lim   g(a) lim  = f (a)g ' (a)  g(a) f ' (a) [by using first principle formula]
x a  x  a  x a  x  a 

= 3.4 – (–1)(–2) = 12 – 2 = 10
g(x ) f (a)  g(a) f (x )
Trick : lim
x a x a
g ' (x ) f (a)  g(a) f ' (x )
Using L–Hospital’s rule, Limit = lim ;
x a 1
Limit = g' (a) f (a)  g(a) f ' (a) = (4 )(3)  (1)(2) = 12 – 2 = 10.

1  dy 
Example: 4 If 5 f (x )  3 f    x  2 and y  xf (x ) then   is equal to
x  dx  x 1
7
(a) 14 (b) (c) 1 (d) None of these
8

1
Solution: (b)  5 f (x )  3 f    x  2 ......(i)
x

1 1 1
Replacing x by in (i), 5 f    3 f (x )   2 ......(ii)
x  
x x

3 3
On solving equation (i) and (ii), we get, 16 f (x )  5 x   4 ,  16 f (x )  5  2
x x
dy 1 3 1 3
 y  xf (x )   f (x )  x f (x ) = (5 x   4 )  x . (5  2 )
dx 16 x 16 x
dy 1 1 7
at x  1,  (5  3  4 )  (5  3) = .
dx 16 16 8

3.2 Some Standard Differentiation.

(1) Differentiation of algebraic functions
d n d 1 d  1  n
(i) x  nx n 1 , x  R, n  R, x  0 (ii) ( x)  (iii)  n    n 1
dx dx 2 x dx  x  x
(2) Differentiation of trigonometric functions : The following formulae can be applied
directly while differentiating trigonometric functions
d d d
(i) sin x  cos x (ii) cos x   sin x (iii) tan x  sec 2 x
dx dx dx
d d d
(iv) sec x  sec x tan x (v) cosec x  cosec x cot x (vi) cot x  cosec 2 x
dx dx dx
(3) Differentiation of logarithmic and exponential functions : The following formulae can
be applied directly when differentiating logarithmic and exponential functions
d 1 d x
(i) log x  , for x > 0 (ii) e  ex
dx x dx
 Differentiation 131

d x d 1
(iii) a  a x log a , for a > 0 (iv) log a x  , for x > 0, a> 0, a  1
dx dx x log a

(4) Differentiation of inverse trigonometrical functions : The following formulae can be

applied directly while differentiating inverse trigonometrical functions
d 1 d 1
(i) sin 1 x  , for  1  x  1 (ii) cos 1 x  , for  1  x  1
dx 1  x2 dx 1  x2
d 1 d 1
(iii) sec 1 x  , for | x |  1 (iv) cosec 1 x  , for
dx | x | x2 1 dx | x | x2 1
| x | 1
d 1 d 1
(v) tan 1 x  , for x  R (vi) cot 1 x  , for x  R
dx 1  x2 dx 1  x2
(5) Differentiation of hyperbolic functions :
d d
(i) sin h x  cos h x (ii) cos h x  sin h x
dx dx
d d
(iii) tan h x  sec h 2 x (iv) cot h x   cosec h 2 x
dx dx
d d
(v) sec h x   sec h x tan h x (vi) cosec h x  cosec h x cot h x
dx dx
d d
(vii) sin h1 x  1 / (1  x 2 ) (viii) cos h1 x  1 / (x 2  1)
dx dx
d d
(ix) tan h1 x  1 /(x 2  1) (x) cot h1 x  1 /(1  x 2 )
dx dx
d d
(xi) sec h 1 x  1 / x (1  x 2 ) (xii) cosec h 1 x  1 / x (1  x 2 )
dx dx
(6) Differentiation by inverse trigonometrical substitution: For trigonometrical
substitutions following formulae and substitution should be remembered
(i) sin 1 x  cos 1 x   / 2 (ii) tan 1 x  cot 1 x   / 2

(iii) sec 1 x  co sec 1 x   / 2 (iv) sin 1 x  sin 1 y  sin 1  x 1  y 2  y 1  x 2 

 
 x y 
(v) cos 1 x  cos 1 y  cos 1  xy  (1  x 2 )(1  y 2 )  (vi) tan 1 x  tan 1 y  tan 1  
   1  xy 

(vii) 2 sin 1 x  sin 1 (2 x 1  x 2 ) (viii) 2 cos 1 x  cos 1 (2 x 2  1)

 2x  1  2 x  1  1  x 
2
(ix) 2 tan 1 x  tan 1    sin    cos  
1  x 2  1  x 2  1  x 2 
 
(x) 3 sin 1 x  sin 1 (3 x  4 x 3 ) (xi) 3 cos 1 x  cos 1 (4 x 3  3 x )
 3x  x3   x  y  z  xyz 
(xii) 3 tan 1 x  tan 1  
2 
(xiii) tan 1 x  tan 1 y  tan 1 z  tan 1  
 1  3 x   1  xy  yz  zx 
132 Differentiation

(xiv) sin 1 ( x )   sin 1 x (xv) cos 1 ( x )    cos 1 x

 1  x 
(xvi) tan 1 ( x )   tan 1 x or   tan 1 x (xvii)  tan 1 x  tan 1  
4 1  x 
(7) Some suitable substitutions
S. N. Function Substitution S. N. Function Substitution
(i) x  a sin  or a cos  (ii) x  a tan  or a cot 
a2  x 2 x 2  a2
(iii) x  a sec  or a cosec (iv) ax x  a cos 2
x 2  a2
ax
(v) a2  x 2 x 2  a 2 cos 2 (vi) ax  x 2 x  a sin 2 
a2  x 2
(vii) x x  a tan 2  (viii) x x  a sin 2 
ax ax
(ix) (x  a)( x  b) x  a sec 2   b tan 2  (x) (x  a)(b  x ) x  a cos 2   b sin 2 

3.3 Theorems for Differentiation.

Let f (x ), g(x ) and u(x ) be differentiable functions
(1) If at all points of a certain interval. f (x )  0, then the function f (x ) has a constant value
within this interval.
(2) Chain rule
(i) Case I : If y is a function of u and u is a function of x, then derivative of y with respect to
dy dy du dy du
x is  or y  f (u)   f ' (u)
dx du dx dx dx
(ii) Case II : If y and x both are expressed in terms of t, y and x both are differentiable with
dy dy / dt
respect to t then  .
dx dx / dt
d d d
(3) Sum and difference rule : Using linear property ( f (x )  g(x ))  ( f (x ))  (g(x ))
dx dx dx
d d d
(4) Product rule : (i) ( f (x )g (x ))  f (x ) g(x )  g(x ) f (x ) (ii)
dx dx dx
d dw du dv
(u.v.w.)  u.v.  v.w.  u.w.
dx dx dx dx
d d
(5) Scalar multiple rule : (k f (x ))  k f (x )
dx dx
d d
g(x ) ( f (x ))  f (x ) (g(x ))
d  f (x )  dx dx
(6) Quotient rule :   , provided g( x )  0
dx  g(x )  (g(x ))2

Example: 5 The derivative of f ( x ) | x | 3 at x  0 is [Rajasthan PET 2001; Haryana CEE 2002]

(a) 0 (b) 1 (c) –1 (d) Not defined

 Differentiation 133

 x 3 , x 0  3 x 2 , x 0
Solution: (a) f (x )   3 and f  (x )  
 x , x 0  3 x 2 , x 0

f (0  )  f (0  )  0

Example: 6 The first derivative of the function ( sin 2 x cos 2 x cos 3 x  log 2 2 x  3 ) with respect to x at x   is

(a) 2 (b) –1 (c)  2  2 log e 2 (d) 2  log e 2

1 1
Solution: (b) f (x )  sin 2 x . cos 2 x . cos 3 x  log 2 2 x  3 , f (x )  sin 4 x cos 3 x  (x  3) log 2 2 , f (x )  [sin 7 x  sin x ]  x  3
2 4

Differentiate w.r.t. x,

1 1 1
f (x )  [7 cos 7 x  cos x ]  1 , f (x )  7 cos 7 x  cos x  1 , f ( )  2  1  1 .
4 4 4

dy 2
Example: 7 If y | cos x |  | sin x | then at x  is
dx 3

1 3 1
(a) (b) 0 (c) ( 3  1) (d) None of these
2 2

2
Solution: (c) Around x  , | cos x |   cos x and | sin x |  sin x
3

dy
 y   cos x  sin x   sin x  cos x
dx

2 dy 2 2 3 1 1
At x  ,  sin  cos =   ( 3  1) .
3 dx 3 3 2 2 2

Example: 8 If f (x )  log x (log x ), then f (x ) at x  e is [IIT 1985; Rajasthan PET 2000; MP PET 2000; Karnataka

CET 2002]

(a) e (b) 1/e (c) 1 (d) None of these

1 1 1
 log(log x ) 0
log(log x ) 1
Solution: (b) f (x )  log x (log x )   f (x )  x x 2
 f (e )  e 
log x (log x ) 1 e

Example: 9 If f (x ) | log x |, then for x  1, f (x ) equals

1 1 1
(a) (b) (c) (d) None of these
x | x| x

 1
 log x , if 0  x  1  x , if 0  x  1
Solution: (d) f (x ) | log x |    f (x )   1 .
 log x , if x  1  , if x  1
 x

Clearly f (1 )  1 and f (1 )  1 ,  f (x ) does not exist at x  1

  3 / 4 
d
log  x x  2  
Example: 10 e    equals to
  x 2  
  
dx

x2  1 x2  1 x2  1
(a) 1 (b) (c) (d) e x
x2  4 x2  4 x2  4
134 Differentiation

  3 / 4  3/4
Solution: (c) Let y  log e x  x  2    x 2
  log e  log 
x


  x 2  x 2

3 dy 3 1 1  3
 yx [log( x  2)  log( x  2)]  1    1  2
4 dx 4  x  2 x  2  (x  4 )

dy x2 1
  2 .
dx x  4


 y  x2 
If x  exp tan 1   dy
Example: 11
 2 

then
dx
equals [MP PET 2002]
  x 

(a) 2 x [1  tan (log x )]  x sec 2 (log x ) (b) x [1  tan (log x )]  sec 2 (log x )

(c) 2 x [1  tan (log x )]  x 2 sec 2 (log x ) (d) 2 x [1  tan (log x )]  sec 2 (log x )


 y  x2  y  x2 
x  exp tan 1    log x  tan 1  
Solution: (a)
  

2 2
  x   x 
y  x2 dy sec 2 (log x )
 2
 tan(log x )  y  x 2 tan(log x )  x 2   2 x . tan(log x )  x 2 .  2x
x dx x
dy dy
  2 x tan(log x )  x sec 2 (log x )  2 x   2 x [1  tan(log x )]  x sec 2 (log x ) .
dx dx
 x 1  
Example: 12 If y  sec 1    sin 1  x  1  , then dy  [UPSEAT 1999; AMU
 x 1  x 1 dx
   
2002]
1
(a) 0 (b) (c) 1 (d) None of these
x 1
 x 1       
Solution: (a) y  sec 1    sin 1  x  1  = cos 1  x  1   sin 1  x  1     dy  0  1 1 
 sin x  cos x  
 x 1   x 1   x 1   x 1  2 dx  2
       
d  cos x  sin x 
Example: 13 tan 1   [AISSE 1985, 87; DSSE 1982, 84; MNR 1985; Karnataka CET 2002; Rajasthan PET
dx  cos x  sin x 
2002, 03]
1 1
(a) (b) (c) 1 (d) – 1
2(1  x 2 ) 1  x2
d  cos x  sin x  d   
Solution: (d) tan 1   tan 1  tan   x   1 .
dx  cos x  sin x  dx   4 

d  2 
 1x 

Example: 14 sin cot 1   equals [MP PET 2002; EAMCET
dx 
  1 x
 

1996]
1 1
(a) 1 (b) (c)  (d) 1
2 2
 1  x 
Solution: (b) Let y  sin 2 cot 1  
 1  x 

Put x  cos     cos 1 x


 1  cos  
 1   2  2  1 1
 y  sin 2 cot 1    sin cot  tan   y  sin    = cos
2
= (1  cos  ) = (1  x )
 1  cos 
 
  2   2 2  2 2 2
 Differentiation 135

dy 1
 
dx 2
 5 cos x  12 sin x    dy
Example: 15 If y  cos 1   , x   0,  , then is equal to
 13   2 dx
(a) 1 (b) – 1 (c) 0 (d) None of these
5 12
Solution: (a) Let cos   . Then sin   . So, y  cos 1 {cos . cos x  sin . sin x }
13 13
 y  cos 1 {cos( x   )}  x   (  x   is in the first or the second quadrant)
dy
  1.
dx
d
Example: 16 cosh 1 (sec x ) = [Rajasthan PET 1997]
dx
(a) sec x (b) sin x (c) tan x (d) cosec x
d 1 d 1 sec x tan x
Solution: (a) We know that cosh 1 x  , cosh 1 (sec x )  sec x tan x =  sec x .
dx x 12 dx sec x  1
2 tan x

d  tan 2 2 x  tan 2 x  
Example: 17   cot 3 x 
 [AMU 2000]
 1  tan 2 x tan x  
2 2
dx

(a) tan 2 x tan x (b) tan 3 x tan x (c) sec 2 x (d) sec x tan x

tan 2 2 x  tan 2 x (tan 2 x  tan x ) (tan 2 x  tan x )

Solution: (c) Let y  = = tan( 2 x  x ) tan( 2 x  x ) = tan x tan 3 x .
1  tan 2 x tan x
2 2
(1  tan 2 x tan x ) (1  tan 2 x tan x )
d d
 [y. cot 3 x ]  [tan x ]  sec 2 x .
dx dx

 x x  x x 
Example: 18 If f (x )  cot 1   , then f ' (1) is equal to
 [Rajasthan PET 2000]
 2 
(a) – 1 (b) 1 (c) log 2 (d)  log 2

 x x  x x 
Solution: (a) f (x )  cot 1  

 2 

 tan 2   1 
Put x x  tan  ,  y  f (x )  cot 1   = cot 1 (  cot 2θ ) =   cot 1 (cot 2 )
2 tan  
 
dy 2
 y =   2 =   2 tan 1 (x x )   . x x (1  log x )  f (1)  1 .
dx 1  x 2 x
n dy
Example: 19 If y  (1  x )(1  x 2 )(1  x 4 ).......( 1  x 2 ) then at x  0 is
dx
(a) 1 (b) – 1 (c) 0 (d) None of these
n n 1
(1  x ) (1  x ) (1  x 2 ).....( 1  x 2 ) 1  x 2
Solution: (a) y 
1 x 1 x
n 1 n 1
dy  2 n 1. x 2 1
(1  x )  1  x 2 dy  2 n 1 0 . 1  1  0
  ,  At x  0 ,  1 .
dx (1  x )2 dx 12

 
Example: 20 If f (x )  cos x . cos 2 x . cos 4 x . cos 8 x . cos 16 x then f   is
4
136 Differentiation

1
(a) 2 (b) (c) 1 (d) None of these
2
2 sin x . cos x . cos 2 x . cos 4 x . cos 8 x . cos 16 x sin 32 x
Solution: (a) f (x )   5
2 sin x 2 sin x
1 32 cos 32 x . sin x  cos x . sin 32 x
 f (x )  .
32 sin 2 x
1 1
32 .  .0
  2 2
 f    2
 2.
4  1 
32 .  
 2

3.4 Relation between dy/dx and dx/dy .

Let x and y be two variables connected by a relation of the form f ( x , y )  0 . Let x be a small
dy y dx x
change in x and let y be the corresponding change in y. Then  lim and  lim .
dx x 0 x dy y  0 y

y x  y x 
Now, .  1  lim  .  1
x y x  0 x y 
 
y x dy dx dy 1
 lim . lim  1 [ x  0  y  0 ]  .  1 . So,  .
x  0 x  y  0 y dx dy dx dx / dy

3.5 Methods of Differentiation.

(1) Differentiation of implicit functions : If y is expressed entirely in terms of x, then we
say that y is an explicit function of x. For example y = sin x, y = ex, y = x2 + x + 1 etc. If y is
related to x but can not be conveniently expressed in the form of y  f (x ) but can be expressed in
the form f ( x , y )  0 , then we say that y is an implicit function of x.

(i) Working rule 1 : (a) Differentiate each term of f ( x , y )  0 with respect to x.

(b) Collect the terms containing dy / dx on one side and the terms not involving dy/dx on the
other side.
(c) Express dy/dx as a function of x or y or both.

Note :  In case of implicit differentiation, dy/dx may contain both x and y.

 f 
 
x
  
dy
(ii) Working rule 2 : If f(x, y)= constant, then
dx  f 
 
 y 
f f
where and are partial differential coefficients of f (x , y ) with respect to x and y
x x
respectively.
 Differentiation 137

Note :  Partial differential coefficient of f (x , y ) with respect to x means the ordinary

differential coefficient of f (x , y ) with respect to x keeping y constant.

dy
Example: 21 If xe xy  y  sin 2 x , then at x  0 , = [IIT 1996]
dx
(a) – 1 (b) – 2 (c) 1 (d) 2

Solution: (c) We are given that xe xy

 y  sin x
2

When x  0 , we get y  0

 dy  dy
Differentiating both sides w.r.t. x, we get, e xy  xe xy  x  y   2 sin x cos x
 dx  dx

dy
Putting, x  0 , y  0 , we get  1.
dx
dy
Example: 22 If sin( x  y )  log( x  y ) , then = [Karnataka CET 1993; Rajasthan PET 1989, 1992;
dx
Roorkee 2000]
(a) 2 (b) – 2 (c) 1 (d) – 1
Solution: (d) sin( x  y )  log( x  y )

 dy  1  dy 
Differentiating with respect to x, cos( x  y ) 1   1  dx 
 dx  x  y  

 1   dy 
cos( x  y)   1 0
 x  y   dx 
1 dy dy
 cos( x  y)  for any x and y. So, 1  0,  1 .
x y dx dx
1
cos( x  y ) 
dy f / x x y
Trick: It is an implicit function, so    1 .
dx f / y cos( x  y ) 
1
x y
Example: 23 If ln( x  y )  2 xy , then y (0 ) = [IIT Screening 2004]

(a) 1 (b) – 1 (c) 2 (d) 0

(1  dy / dx )  dy  dy 1  2 xy  2 y 2
12
Solution: (a) ln(x  y )  2 xy   2 x  y    y (0 )   1 , at x  0 , y  1 .
(x  y )  dx  dx 2 x 2  2 xy  1 1

(2) Logarithmic differentiation : If differentiation of an expression or an equation is done

after taking log on both sides, then it is called logarithmic differentiation. This method is useful
for the function having following forms.
(i) y   f (x )
g( x )

f1 (x ). f2 (x ).........
(ii) y  where gi (x )  0 (where i = 1, 2, 3,.....), fi(x) and gi(x) both are
g1 (x ).g2 (x )........
differentiable
(i) Case I : y  [ f (x ]g( x ) where f (x ) and g(x ) are functions of x. To find the derivative of this
type of functions we proceed as follows:
138 Differentiation

Let y = [ f (x )]g( x ) . Taking logarithm of both the sides, we have log y  g(x ). log f (x)
1 dy 1 df (x ) dg(x )
Differentiating with respect to x, we get  g(x ).  log { f (x )}.
y dx f (x ) dx dx

dy  g(x ) df (x ) dg(x )   g(x ) df (x ) dg(x ) 

  y  log[ f (x )].  [ f (x )g( x )   log[ f (x )
 dx 
.
dx  f (x ) dx dx   f (x ) dx
f1 (x ). f2 (x )
(ii) Case II : y 
g1 (x ).g2 (x )
Taking logarithm of both the sides, we have log y  log[ f1 (x )]  log[ f2 (x )]  log[ g1 (x )]  log[ g 2 (x )]
1 dy f1(x ) f2 (x ) g1 (x ) g 2 (x )
Differentiating with respect to x, we get    
y dx f1 (x ) f2 (x ) g 2 (x ) g 2 (x )

dy  f (x ) f2(x ) g1 (x ) g2 (x )  f1 (x ). f2 (x )  f1(x ) f2 (x ) g 1 (x ) g 2 (x ) 

 y 1    =     
dx  f1 (x ) f2 (x ) g1 (x ) g2 (x )  g 1 (x ).g 2 (x )  f1 (x ) f2 (x ) g 1 (x ) g 2 (x ) 

Working rule : (a) To take logarithm of the function (b) To differentiate the function
dy
Example: 24 If x m y n  2(x  y)m n , the value of is [MP PET 2003]
dx
x y
(a) x  y (b) (c) (d) x  y
y x
Solution: (c) x m y n  2(x  y)m n  m log x  n log y  log 2  (m  n) log( x  y )
Differentiating w.r.t. x both sides
m n dy m  n  dy  dy y
  1   .
x y dx x  y  dx  dx x
dy
Example: 25 If y  (sin x )tan x , then is equal to [IIT 1994; Rajasthan PET
dx
1996]
(a) (sin x )tan x . (1  sec 2 x . log sin x ) (b) tan x . (sin x )tan x 1 . cos x
(c) (sin x )tan x . , sec 2 x log sin x (d) tan x . (sin x )tan x 1
Solution: (a) Given y  (sin x )tan x
log y  tan x . log sin x
1 dy
Differentiating w.r.t. x, .  tan x . cot x  log sin x . sec 2 x
y dx
dy
 (sin x )tan x [1  log sin x . sec 2 x ] .
dx

(3) Differentiation of parametric functions : Sometimes x and y are given as functions of a

single variable, e.g., x =  (t) , y =  (t) are two functions and t is a variable. In such a case x
and y are called parametric functions or parametric equations and t is called the parameter. To
dy
find in case of parametric functions, we first obtain the relationship between x and y by
dx
eliminating the parameter t and then we differentiate it with respect to x. But every time it is
 Differentiation 139

dy
not convenient to eliminate the parameter. Therefore can also be obtained by the following
dx
dy dy / dt
formula 
dx dx / dt
To prove it, let x and y be the changes in x and y respectively corresponding to a small
change t in t.
y dy
lim
y y / t dy y t 0 t ' (t)
Since  ,   lim   dt 
x x / t dx x 0 x x dx  ' (t)
lim
t 0 t dt
dy
Example: 26 If x  a(cos    sin  ) , y  a(sin    cos  ),  [DCE 1999]
dx
(a) cos  (b) tan  (c) sec  (d) cosec
dy dy / d  a[cos    ( sin  )  cos  ]  sin 
Solution: (b)  =   tan  .
dx dx / d  a[ sin    cos   sin  ]  cos 
1 t dy
Example: 27 If cos x  and sin y  , then = [MP PET 1994]
1t 2
1t 2 dx
1t 1
(a) – 1 (b) (c) (d) 1
1  t2 1  t2
1 t
Solution: (d) Obviously x  cos 1 and y  sin 1
1t 2
1  t2
dy
 x  tan 1 t and y  tan 1 t  y  x   1.
dx
1  t2 2t dy
Example: 28 If x  and y  , then  [Karnataka CET 2000]
1t 2
1t 2 dx

y y x x
(a) (b) (c) (d)
x x y y

1  t2 2t
Solution: (c) x and y 
1  t2 1  t2

1  tan 2  2 tan 
Put t  tan  in both the equations, we get x  cos 2 and y  sin 2 .
1  tan 2
1  tan 2 
dx dy
Differentiating both the equations, we get  2 sin 2 and  2 cos 2 .
d d

dy cos 2 x
Therefore   .
dx sin 2 y

(4) Differentiation of infinite series : If y is given in the form of infinite series of x and we
dy
have to find out then we remove one or more terms, it does not affect the series
dx

(i) If y  f (x )  f (x )  f (x )  ....... , then y  f ( x )  y  y 2  f (x )  y

dy dy dy f (x )
2y  f (x )  ,  
dx dx dx 2 y  1
140 Differentiation

f ( x ) f ( x ).....
(ii) If y  f (x ) f ( x ) then y  f (x )y

 log y  y log f (x )

1 dy y. f (x ) dy dy y 2 f (x )
  log f (x ). ,  
y dx f (x ) dx dx f (x )[1  y log f (x )]
1 dy y f (x )
(iii) If y  f (x )  then 
1 dx 2 y  f (x )
f (x ) 
f (x )  ....

dy
Example: 29 If y  x  x  x  ........ to  then  [Rajasthan PET 2002]
dx

x 2 1 1
(a) (b) (c) (d)
2y  1 2y  1 2y  1 2y  1

dy dy dy dy 1
Solution: (d) y x  x  x  ........ to   y  x  y  y 2  x  y  2 y 1  (2 y  1)  1  
dx dx dx dx 2y  1
x ..... dy
Example: 30 If y  x x , then x (1  y log e x ) is [DCE 2000]
dx

(a) x 2 (b) y 2 (c) xy 2 (d) None of these

x ...... 1 dy y dy 1  dy y
Solution: (b) y  xx  y  x y  log e y  y log e x     log e x    log e x   
y dx x dx y  dx x
dy
x (1  y log e x )  y2
dx

1 dy
Example: 31 If y  x 2  , then 
1 dx
x 2
1
x2 
x 2  ...... 
2 xy xy xy 2x
(a) (b) (c) (d)
2y  x 2 y  x2 y  x2 x2
2
y

1 dy dy dy 2 xy
Solution: (a) y  x2   y 2  x 2y  1  2y  y. 2 x  x 2  
y dx dx dx 2 y  x 2
y ........to  dy
Example: 32 If x  e y e , then is
dx
1x 1 1x x
(a) (b) (c) (d)
x x x 1x
Solution: (c) x  e yx
dy 1 dy 1 1 x
Taking log both sides, log x  (y  x ) log e  y  x  y  x  log x  1    1 
dx x dx x x

(5) Differentiation of composite function : Suppose function is given in form of fog(x ) or

f [g(x )]
 Differentiation 141

d
Working rule : Differentiate applying chain rule f [g(x )]  f ' [g(x )].g' (x )
dx

Example: 33 If f (x ) | x  2 | and g(x )  f ( f (x )) , then for x>20, g (x ) equals

(a) –1 (b) 1 (c) 0 (d) None of these
Solution: (b) For x > 20, we have
f (x ) | x  2 |  x  2 and, g(x )  f ( f (x ))  f (x  2)  x  2  2  x  4
 g ( x )  1
1
Example: 34 If g is inverse of f and f (x )  , then g (x ) equals
1  xn
(a) 1  x n (b) 1  [ f (x )]n (c) 1  [g(x )]n (d) None of these
Solution: (c) Since g is inverse of f. Therefore,
d
fog (x )  x for all x  { fog (x )}  1 for all x
dx
1 1 1  1 
 f (g(x )).g(x )  1  f {g(x )} 
g(x )
 
g(x )  f (x )  1  x n 
1  [g(x )]n
 

 g(x )  1  [g(x )]n

3.6 Differentiation of a Function with Respect to Another Function .

In this section we will discuss derivative of a function with respect to another function. Let
u  f (x ) and v  g(x ) be two functions of x. Then, to find the derivative of f (x ) w.r.t. g(x ) i.e., to
du du du / dx
find we use the following formula 
dv dv dv / dx
Thus, to find the derivative of f(x) w.r.t. g(x) we first differentiate both w.r.t. x and then
divide the derivative of f(x) w.r.t. x by the derivative of g(x) w.r.t. x.

2x 2x
Example: 35 The differential coefficient of tan 1 w.r.t. sin 1 is
1 x 2
1  x2
[Roorkee 1966; BIT Mesra 1996; Karnataka CET 1994; MP PET 1999; UPSEAT
1999, 2001]
(a) 1 (b) –1 (c) 0 (d) None of these
2x 2x
Solution: (a) Let y1  tan 1 and y 2  sin 1
1  x2 1  x2
Putting x = tan
 y1  tan 1 tan 2  2  2 tan 1 x and y 2  sin 1 sin 2  2 tan 1 x
dy 1 d 2
Again  [2 tan 1 x ]  ........(i)
dx dx 1  x2
dy 2 d 2
and  [2 tan 1 x ]  ........(ii)
dx dx 1  x2
dy 1
Hence 1
dy 2

  1  x  
Example: 36 The first derivative of the function cos 1  sin  x x  with respect to x at x =1 is
  2  

142 Differentiation

3 1 1
(a) (b) 0 (c) (d) 
4 2 2

  
Solution: (a) f (x )  cos 1 cos  
1 x   x x    1  x  x x
   2 2  2 2

1 1 1 3
 f (x )   .  x x (1  log x )  f (1)    1 
2 2 1 x 4 4

3.7 Successive Differentiation or Higher Order Derivatives.

(1) Definition and notation : If y is a function of x and is differentiable with respect
dy
to x, then its derivative can be found which is known as derivative of first order. If the first
dx
dy
derivative is also a differentiable. function, then it can be further differentiated with
dx
respect to x and this derivative is denoted by d 2 y / dx 2 which is called the second derivative of y
d 2y
with respect to x further if is also differentiable then its derivative is called third derivative
dx 2
d 3y th d ny
of y which is denoted by . Similarly n derivative of y is denoted by . All these
dx 3 dx n
derivatives are called as successive derivative and this process is known as successive
differentiation. We also use the following symbols for the successive derivatives of y  f (x ) :
y 1 , y 2 , y 3, ........., y n ,...... y I , y II , y III ........., y n ,......
d dy d 2 y d 3 y d ny
Dy, D 2 y, D 3 y........., D n y,...... (where D  ) , , , ....... ,......... ..
dx dx dx 2 dx 3 dx n
f (x ), f (x ), f (x ),........ ., f n (x ),......
If y  f (x ) , then the value of the nth order derivative at x  a is usually denoted by
 d ny 
  or (y n ) x a or (y n ) x a or f n (a)
 dx n 
  x a
(2) nth Derivatives of some standard functions :
dn  n  dn  n 
(i) (a) sin( ax  b)  a n sin   ax  b  (b) cos(ax  b)  a n cos   ax  b 
   
n n
dx 2 dx 2
dn m!
(ii) (ax  b)m  a n (ax  b)m n , where m  n
dx n
(m  n)!
Particular cases :
(i) (a) When m = n (ii) When a  1, b  0 , then y  x n
m!
D n {(ax  b)n }  a n .n !  D n (x m )  m (m  1).......(m  n  1)x m n  x m n
(m  n)!
(b) When m  n, D n {(ax  b)m }  0
1
(iii) When a = 1, b = 0 and m = n, (iv) When m  1, y 
(ax  b)
 Differentiation 143

then y  x n D n (y)  a n (1)(2)(3)........( n)(ax  b)1n

an (1)n n !
 D n (x n )  n !  an (1)n (1 .2 .3 ......n)(ax  b)1 n 
(ax  b)n 1
dn (1)n 1 (n  1)!a n d n ax
(3) log( ax  b)  (4) (e )  a n e ax
dx n (ax  b)n dx n

d n (a x ) d n ax
(5) n
 a x (log a)n (6) (i) n
e sin( bx  c)  r n e ax sin(bx  c  n )
dx dx
b
where r  a 2  b 2 ;   tan 1 ,
a
y  e ax sin( bx  c)
dn
(ii) e ax cos(bx  c)  r n e ax cos(bx  c  n  )
dx n
n
d 2y
If y   x  1  x 2  , then (1  x 2 ) 2  x
dy
Example: 37 is [AIEEE 2002]
  dx dx
(a) n 2 y (b)  n 2 y (c) y (d) 2 x 2 y
 
  dy  n(x  1  x )  ( 1  x 2 ) dy  n x  1  x 2 
2 n n
dy x
Solution: (a) y  (x  1  x 2 )n   n(x  1  x 2 )n 1  1 
dx  1  x2  dx  
  dx 1  x2
n 1  
d 2y dy  x 
  n 2  x  1  x 2  1  x 
 . 1  x2 
dx 2
dx  1  x 2 
   
 1  x2 

d 2y dy d 2y dy
 (1  x 2 ) . 2
x.  n 2 (x  1  x 2 )n  (1  x 2 ) 2  x .  n2y .
dx dx dx dx
f ' (1) f ' ' (1) f ' ' ' (1) (1)n f n (1)
Example: 38 If f (x )  x n , then the value of f (1)     ......  is [AIEEE 2003]
1! 2! 3! n!
(a) 2 n (b) 2 n 1 (c) 0 (d) 1
n 1
Solution: (c) f (x )  x  f (1)  1 , f (x )  nx
n
 f (1)  n
n2
f (x )  n(n  1)x  f (1)  n(n  1) …..
f (1) f (1) (1)n f n (1)
f n (x )  n!  f n (1)  n! ,  f (1) 
 ...... 
1! 2! n!
n n(n  1) n(n  1)(n  2) n !
1    .....  (1)n  n C 0  n C 1  n C 2  n C 3  ......  (1)n n C n  0 .
1! 2! 3! n!
  e 
 log  2  
1   x    tan 1  3  2 log x  , then d y is (n  1)
n
Example: 39 If f ( x )  tan  2   
 log( ex )   1  6 log x  dx n
 

(a) tan 1 {(log x )n } (b) 0 (c) 1/2 (d) None of these

 log e  log x 2       
Solution: (b) We have y  tan 1    tan 1  3  2 log x   tan 1  1  2 log x   tan 1  3  2 log x 
  1  6 log x   1  2 log x   1  6 log x 
 log e  log x
2
      

dy d ny
 tan 1 1  tan 1 (2 log x )  tan 1 3  tan 1 (2 log x )  y  tan 1 1  tan 1 3  0 n 0 .
dx dx
Example: 40 If f (x )  (cos x  i sin x ) (cos 3 x  i sin 3 x )..... (cos( 2n  1)x  i sin(2n  1)x ), then f (x ) is equal to
144 Differentiation

(a) n 2 f (x ) (b)  n 4 f (x ) (c)  n 2 f (x ) (d) n 4 f (x )

Solution: (b) We have, f (x )  cos( x  3 x  ....  (2n  1)x )  i sin( x  3 x  5 x  ....  (2n  1)x )  cos n 2 x  i sin n 2 x

 f (x )  n 2 (sin n 2 x )  n 2 (i cos n 2 x )  f (x )  n 4 cos n 2 x  n 4 i sin n 2 x

 f (x )  n 4 (cos n 2 x  i sin n 2 x )  f (x )  n 4 f (x )

3.8 nth Derivative using Partial fractions.

For finding nth derivative of fractional expressions whose numerator and denominator are
rational algebraic expression, firstly we resolve them into partial fractions and then we find nth
1
derivative by using the formula giving the nth derivative of .
ax  b

x4
Example: 41 If y  , then for n > 2 the value of yn is equal to
x2  3x  2

(a) (1)n n![16 (x  2)n 1  (x  1)n 1 ] (b) (1)n n![16 (x  2)n 1  (x  1)n 1 ]

(c) n![16 (x  2)n 1  (x  1)n 1 ] (d) None of these

x4 15 x  14 1 16
Solution: (a) y  x 2  3x  7  = x 2  3x  7  
x  3x  2
2
(x  1)(x  2) (x  1) (x  2)

 y n  D n (x 2 )  D n (3 x )  D n (7)  D n [(x  1)1 ]  16 D n [(x  2)1 ]

 (1)n n![(x  1)n 1  16 (x  2)n 1 ] = (1)n n![16 (x  2)n 1  (x  1)n 1 ] .

3.9 Differentiation of Determinants.

a1 (x ) b1 (x ) a (x ) b1 (x ) a ( x ) b1 ( x )
Let (x) = . Then (x )  1  1
a 2 (x ) b 2 (x ) a 2 (x ) b 2 (x ) a2 (x ) b 2 (x )

If we write (x) = | C 1 C 2 C 3 | . Then (x) | C1 C2 C3 |  | C1 C2 C3 |  | C1 C2 C3 |

R1 R1 R1 R1
Similarly, if (x)= R 2 , then 
 (x )  R 2  R 2  R 2
R3 R3 R3 R3

Thus, to differentiate a determinant, we differentiate one row (or column) at a time, keeping
others unchanged.
Example: 42 If fr (x ), gr (x ), hr (x ), r  1,2,3 are polynomials in x such that fr (a)  g r (a)  hr (a), r  1,2,3 and

f1 (x ) f2 (x ) f3 ( x )
F(x )  g 1 ( x ) g 2 (x ) g 3 (x ) , then find F ' ( x ) at x  a [IIT 1985]
h1 ( x ) h 2 ( x ) h 3 (x )

(a) 0 (b) f1 (a)g 2 (a)h3 (a) (c) 1 (d) None of these

f1' (x ) f2' (x ) f3' (x ) f1 (x ) f2 (x ) f3 (x ) f1 (x ) f2 (x ) f3 (x )

Solution: (a) F' ( x )  g 1 (x ) g 2 (x ) g 3 ( x )  g 1 (x ) g 2 (x ) g 3 ( x ) + g 1 ( x ) g 2 ( x ) g 3 ( x )
' ' '

h1 (x ) h 2 (x ) h3 (x ) h1 (x ) h 2 (x ) h3 (x ) h1 ( x ) h 2' ( x ) h 3' ( x )

 Differentiation 145

f1' (a) f2' (a) f3' (a) f1 (a) f2 (a) f3 (a) f1 (a) f2 (a) f3 (a)
 F (a)  g 1 (a) g 2 (a) g 3 (a) + g 1 (a) g 2 (a) g 3 (a) + g 1 (a) g 2 (a) g 3 (a)
' '

h1 (a) h 2 (a) h3 (a) h1 (a) h 2 (a) h 3 (a) h1' (a) h 2' (a) h 3' (a)

=. 0  0  0  0 [ fr (a)  gr (a)  hr (a), r  1, 2, 3]

x3 sin x cos x
d3
Example: 43 Let f (x )  6 1 0 where p is a constant. Then [ f (x )] at x  0 is [IIT 1997]
dx 3
1 p2 p3

(a) p (b) p + p2 (c) p + p3 (d) Independent of p

3
x sin x cos x
Solution: (d) Given f (x )  6 1 0 , 2nd and 3rd rows are constant, so only 1st row will take part in
2
1 p p3
differentiation

d3 d3 d3
x3 sin x cos x
dx 3 dx 3 dx 3
3
d
 f (x ) 
dx 3 6 1 0

1 p2 p3

dn dn n dn n
We know that n
x n  n !, n
sin x  sin( x  ) and cos x  cos( x  )
dx dx 2 dx n 2

 3   3 
3! sin x   cos  x  
d 3  2   2 
Using these results, f (x )  6 1 0
dx 3 1 p2 p3

6 1 0
d3
f (x )  6 1 0 = 0 i.e., independent of p.
dx 3 2
at x  0 1 p p3

3.10 Differentiation of Integral Function.

If g 1 (x ) and g 2 (x ) both functions are defined on [a, b] and differentiable at a point x  (a, b) and
f (t) is continuous for g (a)  f (t)  g (b)
1 2
d g2 ( x ) d d
Then
dx  g1 ( x )
f (t)dt  f [g 2 (x )]g 2 (x )  f [g1 (x )]g1 (x ) = f [g 2 (x )]
dx
g 2 (x )  f [g 1 (x )]
dx
g 1 (x ) .

x3
Example: 44 If F(x ) 
 x2
log t dt (x  0 ) , then F ' ( x ) = [MP PET 2001]

(a) (9 x 2  4 x ) log x (b) (4 x  9 x 2 ) log x (c) (9 x 2  4 x ) log x (d) None of these

Solution: (a) Applying formula we get F' (x )  (log x 3 )3 x 2  (log x 2 )2 x

= (3 log x )3 x 2  2 x (2 log x ) = 9 x 2 log x  4 x log x = (9 x 2  4 x ) log x .

d 2y

y
1
Example: 45 If x  dt , then is
0
1  4t 2 dx 2
146 Differentiation

(a) 2y (b) 4y (c) 8y (d) 6 y

2 2


y
1 dx 1 dy d y 4y dy d y 4y
Solution: (b) x dt     1  4y2  2
  2
  1  4y2  4y
0 1  4t 2 dy 1  4y 2 dx dx 1  4y 2 dx dx 1  4y2

3.11 Leibnitz’s Theorem.

G.W. Leibnitz, a German mathematician gave a method for evaluating the nth differential
coefficient of the product of two functions. This method is known as Leibnitz’s theorem.
Statement of the theorem – If u and v are two functions of x such that their nth derivative
exist then Dn (u.v.)  n C 0 (Dn u)v  n C1 Dn1u.Dv  n C 2 Dn2 u.D 2 v  ............  n Cr Dnr u.Dr v  .........  u.(Dn v).

Note :  The success in finding the nth derivative by this theorem lies in the proper
selection of first and second function. Here first function should be selected whose
nth derivative can be found by standard formulae. Second function should be such
that on successive differentiation, at some stage, it becomes zero so that we need
not to write further terms.

Example: 46 If y  x 2 e x , then value of y n is

(a) {x 2  2nx  n(n  1)}e x (b) {x 2  2nx  n(n  1)}e x

(c) {x 2  2nx  n(n  1)}e x (d) None of these

Solution: (b) Applying Leibnitz’s theorem by taking x 2

as second function. We get , D n y  D n (e x . x 2 )
n(n  1) x
= n C 0 D n (e x )x 2  n C1 D n 1 (e x ).D(x 2 )  n C 2 D n  2 (e x ).D 2 (x 2 )  .......... . = e x . x 2  ne x .2 x  e .2  0  0  ..........
2!

y n  { x 2  2nx  n(n  1)}e x .

Example: 47 If y  x 2 log x , then value of y n is

(1)n 1 (n  3)! (1)n 1 (n  3)! (1)n 1 (n  2)!

(a) (b) .2 (c) (d) None of these
x n2 x n2 x n2

Solution: (b) Applying Leibnitz’s theorem by taking x 2 as second function, we get, D n y  D n (log x . x 2 )

= n C0 Dn (log x ). x 2 n C1 Dn 1 (log x ).D(x 2 ) n C2 Dn  2 (log x )D 2 (x 2 )  .......... .

(1)n 1 (n  1)! 2 (1)n  2 (n  2)! n(n  1) (1)n  3 (n  3)!

= . x  n. . 2 x  .2  0  0 .........
xn x n 1 2! x n2
(1)n 1 (n  1)! 2n(1)n  2 (n  2)! n(n  1)(1)n  3 (n  3)!
=  
x n2 x n2 x n2
(1)n 1 (n  3)! (1)n 1 (n  3)!
= n2
 {(n  1)(n  2)  2n(n  2)  n(n  1)} =. .2
x x n2
146 Differentiation

Derivative at a Point

Basic Level

1. If f (x ) | x | , then f (0)  [MNR 1982]

(a) 0 (b) 1 (c) x (d) None of these

 1 ,x 0

2. If f (x )    then f (0)  [MP PET 1994]
1  sin x , 0  x 
 2
(a) 1 (b) 0 (c)  (d) Does not exist
ax 2  b; x  0
3. If f (x )   possesses derivative at x = 0, then
 x 2; x  0

(a) a = 0, b = 0 (b) a > 0, b = 0 (c) a  R , b = 0 (d) None of these

4. The derivative of f (x )  3 | 2  x | at the point x 0  3 is [Orissa JEE 2002]

(a) 3 (b) – 3 (c) 0 (d) Does not exist

5. The derivative of y = 1 – |x | at x = 0 is [SCRA 1996]
(a) 0 (b) 1 (c) – 1 (d) Does not exist
6. The derivative of f (x )  | x 2  x | at x = 2 is [AMU 1999]

(a) – 3 (b) 0 (c) 3 (d) Not defined

d
7. The value of [| x  1 |  | x  5 |] at x = 3 is [MP PET 2000]
dx
(a) – 2 (b) 0 (c) 2 (d) 4
xf (a)  af (x )
8. If f(x) has a derivative at x = a, then lim is equal to
x a x a
(a) f (a)  af (a) (b) af (a)  f (a) (c) f (a)  f (a) (d) af (a)  f (a)
9. If f (x )  x  2 , then f ( f ( x )) at x = 4 is [DCE 2001]

(a) 8 (b) 1 (c) 4 (d) 5

10. Let 3f(x) – 2f(1/x) = x, then f (2) is equal to [MP PET 2000]

(a) 2/7 (b) 1/2 (c) 2 (d) 7/2

af (x )  xf (a)
11. If f(x) is a differentiable function, then lim is
x a x a
(a) af (a)  f (a) (b) af (a)  f (a) (c) af (a)  f (a) (d) af (a)  f (a)
12. The differential coefficient of the function |x – 1|+ |x – 3| at the point x = 2 is [Rajasthan PET 2002]
(a) – 2 (b) 0 (c) 2 (d) Undefined
13. If f (x ) | x  3 | , then f (3) 
 Differentiation 147

(a) 0 (b) 1 (c) –1 (d) Does not exist

Advance Level

dy 
14. If y  cot 1 (cos 2 x )1 / 2 , then the value of at x  will be
dx 6
1/2 1/2
2 1
(a)   (b)   (c) (3)1 / 2 (d) (6)1 / 2
3 3
2
 1  3
15. The values of x, at which the first derivative of the function  x   w.r.t. x is , are
 x  4

1 3 2
(a)  2 (b)  (c)  (d) 
2 2 3
16. The number of points at which the function f (x )  | x  0.5 | | x  1|  tan x does not have a derivative in the
interval (0, 2), is
[MNR 1995]
(a) 1 (b) 2 (c) 3 (d) 4
x
17. The set of all those points, where the function f (x )  is differentiable, is
1 | x |
(a) (–, ) (b) [0, ) (c) (–, 0)  (0, ) (d) (0, )
18. Let f (x  y )  f (x ) f (y ) and f (x )  1  xg (x )G(x ) where lim g(x )  a and lim G(x )  b then f (x ) is equal to
x 0 x 0

(a) 1+ ab (b) ab (c) a/b (d) None of these

19. f(x) is a function such that f (x )   f (x ) and f (x )  g(x ) and h(x) is a function such that h(x )  [ f (x )]2  [g(x )]2 and
h(5) = 11, then the value of h(10) is
(a) 0 (b) 1 (c) 10 (d) None of these
20. Let f (x  y )  f (x ) f (y ) for all x and y. Suppose that f (3)  3 and f (0)  11, then f (3 ) is given by
(a) 22 (b) 33 (c) 28 (d) None of these

Some Standard Differentiation

Basic Level

(1  x )2 dy
21. If y  , then is [MP PET 1999]
x2 dx
2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2
(a) 2  3 (b)  2  3 (c)   (d)  
x x x x x2 x3 x3 x2
dv
22. If 2 t  v 2 , then is equal to [MP PET 1992]
dt
(a) 0 (b) 1/4 (c) 1/2 (d) 1/v
dy
23. If x  y 1  y , then
2
 [MP PET 2001]
dx
1  y2 1  y2
(a) 0 (b) x (c) (d)
1  2y 2 1  2y 2
dp
24. If pv = 81, then is at v = 9 equal to [MP PET 1999]
dv
(a) 1 (b) –1 (c) 2 (d) None of these
148 Differentiation

1 x dy
25. If y  , then  [AISSE 1981; Rajasthan PET
1x dx
1995]
2 1 1 2
(a) (b) (c) (d)
(1  x )1/2
(1  x )3 / 2 (1  x ) (1  x )3 / 2
1/2
2(1  x ) (1  x )3 / 2
1/2
(1  x )3/2
(1  x )1 / 2
26. The derivative of f (x )  x | x | is

(a) 2x (b) –2x (c) 2 x 2 (d) 2|x |

27. The derivative of F[ f { (x )}] is [AMU 2001]
(a) F[ f { (x )}] (b) F[ f { (x )}] f { (x )} (c) F[ f { (x )}] f { (x )} (d) F[ f { (x )}] f { (x )} (x )
d
28. (sin 2 x 2 ) equals [Rajasthan PET 1996]
dx
(a) 4x cos (2 x 2 ) (b) 2 sin x 2 . cos x 2 (c) 4x sin (x 2 ) (d) 4x sin (x 2 ). cos( x 2 )
dy
29. If y  sec x 0 , then  [MP PET 1997]
dx
 180
(a) secx tanx (b) sec x 0 tan x 0 (c) sec x 0 tan x 0 (d) sec x 0 tan x 0
180 
dy
30. If sin y  e  x cos y  e , then at (1, ) is [Kerala (Engg.) 2002]
dx
(a) sin y (b) –x cos y (c) e (d) sin y – x cos y
2
 dy 
31. If y  a sin x  b cos x , then y 2    is a
 dx 
(a) Function of x (b) Function of y (c) Function of x and y (d) Constant
d
32. [cos(1  x 2 )2 ]  [AISSE 1981; AI CBSE 1979]
dx
(a)  2 x (1  x 2 ) sin(1  x 2 )2 (b)  4 x (1  x 2 ) sin(1  x 2 )2 (c) 4 x (1  x 2 ) sin(1  x 2 )2 (d)  2(1  x 2 ) sin(1  x 2 )2

 dy
33. If y  cos(sin x 2 ) , then at x  , 
2 dx


(a) – 2 (b) 2 (c)  2 (d) 0
2
d
34. [sin n x cos nx ] 
dx
(a) n sin n 1 x cos(n  1)x (b) n sin n 1 x cos nx (c) n sinn 1 x cos(n  1)x (d) n sinn 1 x sin(n  1)x
d
35. cos(sin x 2 )  [DSSE 1979]
dx
(a) sin(sin x 2 ). cos x 2 .2 x (b)  sin(sin x 2 ). cos x 2 .2 x (c)  sin(sin x 2 ). cos 2 x . 2 x (d) None of these
dy
36. If y  sin( sin x  cos x ) , then  [DSSE 1987]
dx

1 cos sin x  cos x cos sin x  cos x

(a) (b)
2 sin x  cos x sin x  cos x

1 cos sin x  cos x

(c) (cos x  sin x ) (d) None of these
2 sin x  cos x
1  x2 
37. If y  sin  , then dy  [AISSE 1987]

1  x
2
 dx
 Differentiation 149

4x 1  x2  x 1  x2  x 1  x2  4x 1  x2 
(a) . cos   (b) . cos   (c) . cos   (d) . cos  
1  x2 1  x2  (1  x 2 )2 1  x2  (1  x 2 ) 1  x2  (1  x 2 )2 1  x2 
       
d 2
38. (x  cos x )4  [DSSE 1987]
dx
(a) 4(x 2  cos x )(2 x  sin x ) (b) 4(x 2  cos x )(2 x  sin x ) (c) 4(x 2  cos x )3 (2 x  sin x ) (d) 4(x 2  cos x )3 (2 x  sin x )

d  cot 2 x  1 
 
39.
dx  cot 2 x  1  
 
(a) – sin 2x (b) 2 sin 2x (c) 2 cos 2x (d) – 2 sin 2x

d 1  sin 2 x
40.  [AISSE 1985; DSSE 1986]
dx 1  sin 2 x
     
(a) sec 2 x (b)  sec 2   x  (c) sec 2   x  (d) sec 2   x 
 4   4   4 
tan x  cot x dy
41. If y  , then 
tan x  cot x dx
(a) 2 tan 2x sec 2x (b) tan 2x sec 2x (c) – tan 2x sec 2x (d) – 2 tan 2x sec 2x
d
42. sec 2 x  cos ec 2 x  [DSSE 1981]
dx
(a) 4 cosec 2x . cot 2x (b) – 4 cosec 2x . cot 2x (c) – 4 cosec x . cot 2x (d) None of these
5x dy
43. If y   cos 2 (2 x  1) , then  [IIT 1980]
3
(1  x ) 2 dx

5(3  x ) 5(3  x ) 5(3  x )

(a)  2 sin(4 x  2) (b)  2 sin(4 x  4 ) (c)  2 sin(2 x  1) (d) None of these
3(1  x )5 / 3 3(1  x )2 / 3 3(1  x )2 / 3
dy
44. If y  sin x  y , then equals to [Rajasthan PET 2001]
dx
sin x cos x sin x cos x
(a) (b) (c) (d)
2y  1 2y  1 2y  1 2y  1
d
45. log | x |  .....( x  0)
dx
1 1
(a) (b)  (c) x (d) – x
x x
d
46. log x
(1 / x ) is equal to [AMU 1999]
dx
1 1
(a)  (b) – 2 (c)  2
(d) 0
2 x x x
d
47. log(log x )  [IIT 1985]
dx
x log x
(a) (b) (c) (x log x )1 (d) None of these
log x x
d
48. (log tan x )  [MNR 1986]
dx
(a) 2 sec 2x (b) 2 cosec 2x (c) sec 2x (d) cosec 2x
dy
49. If y  log x x , then  [MNR 1978]
dx
150 Differentiation

e
(a) x x (1  log x ) (b) log (ex) (c) log   (d) None of these
x
50. Derivative of the function f (x )  log 5 (log 7 x ) , x  7 is [Orissa JEE 2002]

1 1 1
(a) (b) (c) (d) None of these
x (In 5)(In 7)(log 7 x ) x (ln 5)(ln 7) x (ln x )
51. The differential coefficient of f [log( x )] when f ( x )  log x is
[Kurukshetra CEE 1998; DCE 2000]
x 1 log x
(a) x log x (b) (c) (d)
log x x log x x

1 x dy
52. If y  log , then 
1 x dx

x 1 x 1
(a) (b) (c) (d)
1x x (1  x ) 1 x x (1  x )
2 dy
53. If y  x 2 log x  , then 
x dx
1 1 2
(a) x  2 x log x  (b) x  2 x log x  (c) x  2 x log x  (d) None of these
x x3 / 2 x3 / 2

d  1  cos x 
54. log  [BIT Ranchi 1990]
dx  1  cos x 

x x
(a) sec x (b) cosec x (c) cosec (d) sec
2 2

d   e x 
 
55. log
dx   1  e x 

1 1 1
(a) (b)  (c)  (d) None of these
1 ex 1  ex 1ex
d
56. {log(sec x  tan x )}  [AISSE 1982]
dx
(a) cos x (b) sec x (c) tan x (d) cot x
d   1 
57. log  x    [MP PET 1995]
dx   x 

 1   1 
1  2  1  2 
 1  1
(b) 
x 
(c) 
x 
(a)  x   (d)  1  
 x  1  1  x
1   x  
 x  x
d
58. log( x 10 )  [Rajasthan PET 1992]
dx
(a) x 10 (b) 10x (c) 10/x (d) 10 x 9
 x  (a 2  x 2 ) 
  dy
59. If y  log   , then the value of is
 a  dx
 
1
(a) a2  x 2 (b) a a 2  x 2 (c) (d) x a 2  x 2
a x
2 2
 Differentiation 151

dy
60. If y  log(sin 1 x ) , then equals
dx
1 1 2 x
(a) (b)  (c) (d) None of these
sin 1 x 1  x 2 sin 1 x 1  x 2 sin 1 x 1  x 2
dy
61. If y  e (1  log e x ) , then the value of  [MP PET 1996]
dx
(a) e (b) 1 (c) 0 (d) log e xe log e ex
dy
62. If y  e x
, then equals
dx
x
e x x 2 x
(a) (b) (c) (d)
x x x
2 x e e e
63. The derivative of y  x ln x is

(a) x ln x ln x (b) x ln x 1 ln x (c) 2 x ln x 1 ln x (d) x ln x  2

64. Derivative of x 6  6 x with respect to x is [Kerala (Engg.) 2002]

(a) 12x (b) x + 4 (c) 6 x 5  6 x log 6 (d) 6 x 5  x 6 x 1

d
65. (e x log sin 2 x )  [AI CBSE 1985]
dx

(a) e x (log sin 2 x  2 cot 2 x ) (b) e x (log cos 2 x  2 cot 2 x ) (c) e x (log cos 2 x  cot 2 x ) (d) None of these

x2 x3 dy
66. If y 1 x    ......  , then  [Karnataka CET 1999]
2! 3! dx

(a) y (b) y  1 (c) y  1 (d) None of these

d x sin x
67. e  [DSSE 1979]
dx

(a) e x sin x (x cos x  sin x ) (b) e x sin x (cos x  x sin x ) (c) e x sin x (cos x  sin x ) (d) None of these
d 2
68. ( xe x )  [DSSE 1981]
dx
2 2 2 2 2
(a) 2 x 2e x  e x (b) x 2 e x  e x (c) e x . 2 x 2  e x (d) None of these
dy
69. If y  x 2  x log x , then 
dx

x 2  log x . x log x 2(x 2  log x . x log x )

(a) (b) x 2  log x . x log x (c) (d) None of these
x x
d 2
70. {e  ax log(sin x )}  [AI CBSE 1984]
dx
2 2
(a) e ax (cot x  2ax log sin x ) (b) e ax (cot x  ax log sin x )
2
(c) e ax (cot x  2ax log sin x ) (d) None of these

1  ex dy
71. If y  , then  [AI CBSE 1987]
1e x
dx

ex ex ex ex
(a) (b) (c) (d)
(1  e x ) 1  e 2 x (1  e x ) 1  e x (1  e x ) 1  e 2 x (1  e x ) 1  e x
152 Differentiation

d
72. {e x log(1  x 2 )} 
dx
 2x 
(a) e x log(1  x 2 ) 
 1  x 2 
[AI CBSE 1987]
 2x   x   x 
(b) e x log(1  x 2 )  (c) e x log(1  x 2 )  (d) e x log(1  x 2 ) 
 1  x 2   1  x 2   1  x 2 

e 2 x  e 2 x dy
73. If y  , then 
e 2 x  e 2 x dx
8 8 4 4
(a) (b) (c) (d)
(e 2 x  e  2 x )2 (e 2 x  e  2 x )2 (e 2 x  e  2 x )2 (e 2 x  e  2 x )2
d 3
74. (e x ) is equal to [Rajasthan PET 1995]
dx
3 3 3 3
(a) 3 xe x (b) 3 x 2e x (c) 3 x (e x )2 (d) 2 x 3 e x
d ax
75. [e cos(bx  c)]  [AISSE 1989]
dx
(a) e ax [a cos(bx  c)  b sin(bx  c)] (b) e ax [a sin(bx  c)  b cos(bx  c)]

(c) e ax [cos(bx  c)  sin(bx  c)] (d) None of these

dy
76. If y  e x log x , then is [SCRA 1996]
dx

ex 1  1  ex
(a) (b) e x   x log x  (c) e x   log x  (d)
x x  x  log x

d
77. If f (1)  3 , f (1)  2 , then {log f (e x  2 x )} at x = 0 is [AMU 1999]
dx
(a) 2/3 (b) 3/2 (c) 2 (d) 0
d
78. (sin 1 x ) is equal to [Rajasthan PET 1995]
dx
1 1 1 1
(a) (b)  (c) (d)
1x 2
1 x 2
1 x 2
x 1 2

dy
79. If y  sin 1 x , then  [MP PET 1995]
dx
2 2 1 1
(a) (b) (c) (d)
x 1 x x 1 x 2 x 1 x 1 x
dy
80. If y  sin 1 1  x 2 , then  [AISSE 1987]
dx
1 1 1 1
(a) (b) (c)  (d) 
1x 2
1 x 2
1 x 2
x 12

d 1  sin x
81. tan 1 
dx 1  sin x
1 1
(a) (b)  (c) 1 (d) – 1
2 2

 x x 
82. If y  tan 1   , then y (1) is [AMU 2000]
1  x3 / 2 
 
1 1
(a) 0 (b) (c) – 1 (d) 
2 4
 Differentiation 153

83. Differential coefficient of sec 1 x is

1 1 1 1
(a) (b)  (c) (d) 
x 1 x 2
x 1x 2
x x 1 2
x x2 1

1 x  dy
84. If y  cot 1   , then  [DSSE 1984]
 1  x  dx

1 1 2 2
(a) (b)  (c) (d) 
1  x2 1  x2 1  x2 1  x2

1  cos x dy
85. If y  tan 1 , then is equal to [Roorkee 1995]
1  cos x dx
1 1
(a) 0 (b)  (c) (d) 1
2 2
 sin x   
86. If f (x )  tan 1   , then f    [BIT Ranchi 1988]
 1  cos x  3
1 1 1
(a) (b) (c) (d) None of these
2(1  cos x ) 2 4
 x 1   x 1  dy
87. If y  sec 1    sin 1   , then  [MNR 1984]
 x 1   x 1  dx
(a) 0 (b) 1 (c) 2 (d) 3
 x 
88. If y  tan 1   , then dy 
 1  x2  dx
 

1 x 1 1  x2
(a)  (b) (c) (d)
1  x2 1  x2 1  x2 x

1  x2 
89. If y  sin 1   , then dy equals [Rajasthan PET 1996; EAMCET

1 x
2
 dx
1991]
2 1 2 2
(a) (b) (c)  (d) 
1  x2 1  x2 1  x2 1  x2
d  1  a  x 
90.  tan    [Karnataka CET 2001]
dx   1  ax 
1 1 1 1 1
(a)  (b)  (c) (d)
1  x2 1  a2 1  x 2  ax 
2
 ax 
2
1  1 
 1  ax   1  ax 

 sin x  cos x  dy
91. If y  tan 1   , then dx is [UPSEAT 2001]
 cos x  sin x 
(a) 1/2 (b) /4 (c) 0 (d) 1
d  cos x 
92.  tan 1  [AISSE 1984, 85; MNR 1983; Rajasthan PET 1994, 96]
dx  1  sin x 
1 1
(a)  (b) (c) – 1 (d) 1
2 2
2x 1  x2 dy
93. If y  sin 1  sec 1 , then  [Rajasthan PET 1996]
1 x 2
1  x2 dx
154 Differentiation

4 1 4 4
(a) (b) (c) (d)
1  x2 1  x2 1  x2 1  x2
4x 2  3x dy
94. If y  tan 1  tan 1 , then 
1  5x2 3  2x dx
1 2 5 2 5 1
(a)  (b)  (c) (d)
1  25 x 2 1  x 2 1  25 x 2 1  x 2 1  25 x 2 1  25 x 2

d  x2 
95. sin 1  
dx  x 4  a4 
 
2a 4 x 2a 2 x 2a 3 x  2a 2 x
(a) (b) (c) (d)
a4  x 4 a4  x 4 a4  x 4 a4  x 4
sin 1 x
96. If y  , then
1  x2
dy dy dy 1
(a) (1  x 2 )  xy  1  0 (b) (1  x 2 )  xy  1  0 (c) (1  x 2 )  xy  1  0 (d) None of these
dx dx dx 2
d
97. sin 1 (3 x  4 x 3 )  [Rajasthan PET 2003]
dx
3 3 1 1
(a) (b) (c) (d)
1x 2
1x 2
1x 2
1  x2
d
98. sin 1 (2ax 1  a 2 x 2 ) 
dx
2a a 2a a
(a) (b) (c) (d)
a x
2 2
a x
2 2
1a x 2 2
1  a2 x 2

d  1  3 x x 3 
99. sin    equals
dx   2 2 

3 3 1 1
(a) (b) (c) (d)
4x 2
4x 2
4x 2
4  x2

 sin x  cos x  dy
100. If y  sin 1   , then 
 2  dx

(a) 1 (b) – 1 (c) 0 (d) None of these

d x  x 1
101. cos 1  [DSSE 1985; Roorkee 1963]
dx x  x 1
1 1 2 2
(a) (b)  (c) (d)
1  x2 1  x2 1  x2 1  x2

d  1  1  x 2 
102. cos   
 [AISSE 1984]
1 x
2
dx  
1 1 2 2
(a) (b)  (c)  (d)
1  x2 1  x2 1  x2 1  x2

d 1  x2
103. cos 1  [AI CBSE 1988]
dx 2
1 1 x x
(a) (b) (c) (d)
2 1 x 4
2 1 x 4
1x 4
1  x4
 Differentiation 155

 a x 
104. If y  tan 1   , then dy  [AI CBSE 1988]
 1  ax  dx
 
1 1 1
(a) (b) (c)  (d) None of these
2(1  x) x (1  x) x 2(1  x) x

d  1 1  x 2  1  x 2 
105.  tan  [Roorkee 1980]
dx  1  x2  1  x2 
 
x x 1 1
(a) (b) (c) (d)
1x 4
1x 4
2 1 x 4
2 1  x4
dy
106. If y  (1  x 2 ) tan 1 x  x , then  [Karnataka CET 2001]
dx
2x
(a) tan 1 x (b) 2 x tan 1 x (c) 2 x tan 1 x  1 (d)
tan 1 x
107. If f (x )  (x  1) tan 1 (e 2 x ) , then f (0 ) equals
  
(a) 5 (b) 1 (c) 1 (d) None of these
6 2 4

Advance Level

dy
108. If y  sec(tan 1 x ), then is [DCE 2002; Haryana CEE
dx
2001]
x x x
(a) (b) (c) (d) None of these
1 x 2
1 x 2
1 x2
dy
109. If y  (1  x 1 / 4 )(1  x 1 / 2 )(1  x 1 / 4 ) , then  [MP PET 1994]
dx
(a) 1 (b) – 1 (c) x (d) x
2
a
110. If f (x )  ax  , then f (a) 
ax
(a) – 1 (b) 1 (c) 0 (d) a
dy
111. x 1  y  y 1  x  0 , then 
dx
(a) 1+ x (b) (1  x )2 (c)  (1  x )1 (d)  (1  x )2
dy
112. If 1  x 2  1  y 2  a(x  y ) , then  [MNR 1983; ISM Dhanbad 1987; Rajasthan PET 1991]
dx

1  x2 1  y2 x2 1 y2 1
(a) (b) (c) (d)
1  y2 1  x2 1  y2 1  x2

113. Function y  (x  x 2  1 )k satisfies [IIT Screening]

(a) (x 2  1)y  k 2 y (b) ( x 2  1)y   ky (c) (1  x 2 )y  k y  xy  0 (d) (1  x 2 )y   k 2  x y   0

114. The derivative of x  1 is

1 1 4 1
(a) (b) (c) (d)
x ( x  1) x x 1 x ( x  1) 4 x ( x  1)
156 Differentiation

1
115. If f (x )  , then f (x ) is equal to [Kurukshetra CEE 1998]
x  a  x 2  b2
2 2

x  1 1  x  1 1 
(a)    (b)   
(a  b )  x 2  a 2
2 2
x 2  b 2  (a  b )  x 2  a 2
2 2
x 2  b 2 

x  1  1  1 2
(c)    (d) (a 2  b 2 )  
(a  b )  x 2  a 2
2 2
x  b 
2 2  x 2  a 2 x  b 
2 2

dy
116. If (1  x 6 )  (1  y 6 )  a 3 (x 3  y 3 ) , then  [Roorkee 1994]
dx

x2 1  x6 y2 1  y6 x2 1  y6
(a) (b) (c) (d) None of these
y2 1  y6 x2 1  x6 y2 1  x6
dy
117. If y  x  x , then y equals
dx

2 x 1 x 1 x 1 x 1
(a) (b) (c) (d)
4 x 2 x 4x 2 x
dy
118. If y  sin x , then  [MP PET 1997]
dx

1 cos x cos x 1
(a) (b) (c) (d)
2 cos x 2x 4 x sin x 2 sin x

d
119. x sin x  [AISSE 1985]
dx
sin x  x cos x sin x  x cos x x sin x  cos x x sin x  cos x
(a) (b) (c) (d)
2 x sin x x sin x 2 sin x 2 x sin x

 2x 1  dy
120. If y  f  2  and f (x )  sin x 2 , then  [IIT 1982]
 x  1  dx
2
6 x 2  2x  2  2x 1  6 x 2  2x  2  2x  1 
(a) sin 2  (b) sin 2  2 
(x 2  1)2  x 1  (x 2  1)2  x 1 
2
 2x 2  2x  2  2x  1   2x 2  2x  2  2x 1 
(c) sin 2  2  (d) sin 2 
(x  1)
2 2
 x 1  (x 2  1)2  x 1 

d  e ax 
121.   [AI CBSE 1983]
dx  sin(bx  c) 

e ax [a sin(bx  c)  b cos(bx  c)] e ax [a sin(bx  c)  b cos(bx  c)]

(a) (b)
sin 2 (bx  c) sin 2 (bx  c)

e ax [a sin(bx  c)  b cos(bx  c)]

(c) (d) None of these
sin 2 (bx  c)
n
x dy
122. If y  b cos log   , then 
n dx
b n n
x x  nb x
(a)  n b sin log   (b) n b sin log   (c) sin log   (d) None of these
n n x n

 5x 1  dy
123. If y  f   and f (x )  cos x , then  [MP PET 1987]
 10 x 2
 3  dx
 Differentiation 157

 5x 1  d  5x 1  5x 1  5x 1 
(a) cos     (b) cos  
 10 x  3  dx  10 x  3  10 x 2  3  10 x  3 
2 2 2

 5x 1 
(c) cos   (d) None of these
 10 x  3 
2

d  3 x
124.  x tan 2   [AISSE 1979]
dx  2

x x x x x x
(a) x 3 tan . sec 2  3 x tan 2 (b) x 3 tan . sec 2  3 x 2 tan 2
2 2 2 2 2 2
x x x
(c) x 2 tan 2 . sec 2  3 x 2 tan 2 (d) None of these
2 2 2
d
125. (tan a 1 / x ) 
dx

(a 1 / x . log a) sec x . log a sec 2 (a 1 / x ).(a 1 / x . log e a)

(a) sec 2 (a 1 / x )  2
(b) sec 2 (a 1 / x ).(a 1 / x . log a) (c) (d) 
x x 2
x2

1  tan x dy
126. If y  , then 
1  tan x dx

1 1  tan x   1  tan x   1 1  tan x  

(a)  sec 2   x  (b)  sec 2   x  (c)  sec   x  (d)
2 1  tan x 4  1  tan x 4  2 1  tan x 4 
2 x cot x dA
127. If A  , then 
x dx


  4x    4x 
2 x 1  2 x cosec 2 x  cot x . log   
2 x 1  2 x cosec 2 x  cot x . log  
  
  e 
 
  e 

(a) 3/2
(b)
x x

  4x 
2 x  2 x cosec 2 x  cot x . log  
 
  e 

(c) 3/2
(d) None of these
x

128. Differential coefficient of sec x is [MP PET 1996]

1 1 1 1
(a) (sec x )3 / 2 sin x (b) sec x sin x (c) x (sec x )3 / 2 sin x (d) x sec x sin x
4 x 4 x 2 2
d  sec x  tan x 
129.   [DSSE 1979, 81; CBSE 1981]
dx  sec x  tan x 
2 cos x cos x 2 cos x
(a) (b) (c) (d) None of these
(1  sin x )2 (1  sin x )2 1  sin x
2 2
 dy   dx 
130. If x  f (m ) cos m  f (m ) sin m and y  f (m ) sin m  f (m ) cos m , then     equals [AMU 1997]
 dm   dm 
{ f (m )}2
(a) [ f (m)  f (m)]2 (b) [ f (m )  f (m )]2 (c) { f (m)}2  { f (m)}2 (d)
{ f (m )}2
131. If x = sec – cos and y  sec n   cos n  , then [IIT 1989]
2 2 2
 dy   dy   dy 
(a) (x 2  4 )    n 2 (y 2  4 ) (b) (x 2  4 )    x 2 (y 2  4 ) (c) (x 2  4 )    (y 2  4 ) (d)
 dx   dx   dx 
 dy 
132. If y  log sin x (tan x ) , then   
 dx  / 4
158 Differentiation

4 4
(a) (b) – 4 log 2 (c) (d) None of these
log 2 log 2
133. If u(x, y) = y logx + x logy, then u x uy  u x log x  uy log y  log x log y  [EAMCET 2003]

(a) 0 (b) – 1 (c) 1 (d) 2

2 dy
134. If y  log x . e (tan x  x )
, then 
dx
2 1  2 1 
(a) e (tan x  x )   (sec 2 x  x ) log x (b) e (tan x  x )   (sec 2 x  x ) log x
x  x 
2 1  2 1 
(c) e (tan x  x )   (sec 2 x  2 x ) log x  (d) e (tan x  x )   (sec 2 x  2 x ) log x 
 x   x 
d  x 
135. log sin e  
dx  
1 x/2 1 x 1 x/2
(a) e cot(e x / 2 ) (b) e x / 2 cot(e x / 2 ) (c) e cot(e x ) (d) e cot(e x / 2 )
4 4 2
dy
136. If y x 2  1  log{ x 2  1  x } , then (x 2  1)  xy  1  [Roorkee 1978; Kurukshetra CEE 1998]
dx
(a) 0 (b) 1 (c) 2 (d) None of these
dy
137. If y  log cos x sin x , then is equal to
dx

(a) (cot x log cos x  tan x log sin x ) /(log cos x ) 2 (b) (tan x log cos x  cot x log sin x ) /(log cos x ) 2

(c) (cot x log cos x  tan x log sin x ) /(log sin x ) 2 (d) None of these

dy
138. If y  log( x  e x
) then 
dx

2 x e x
2 x e x
2 x e x
2 x e x
(a) (b) (c) (d)
2 x (x  e x
) 2 x (x  e x
) 2 x (x  e x
) 2 x (x  e x
)

d log 10 cosec 1 x
139. (a ) [Roorkee 1990]
dx
1 1 1 1 1 1
(a) a log10 cosec x
 1
  log 10 a (b)  alog 10 cosec x
 1
  log 10 a
cosec x x x 1 2 cosec x | x | x 2  1

1 1 1 1 1 1
(c) alog 10 cosec x
   log 10 a (d)  a log 10 cosec x
   log 10 a
cosec 1 x | x | x 2  1 cosec 1 x x x 2  1

d 1 x 2
140. (e . tan x ) = [AI CBSE 1979]
dx

1 x 2
 2 x tan x  1 x 2
 2 x tan x  1 x 2
 2 tan x 
(a) e sec x   (b) e sec x   (c) e sec x   (d)
 1  x 2   1  x 2   1  x 2 

d 
141. 10  x tan x  (10 x tan x ) is equal to
 dx 

(a) tan x  x sec 2 x (b) ln 10 (tan x  x sec 2 x )

 x 
(c) ln 10  tan x   tan x sec x  (d) x tan x ln 10
 cos 2 x 
 Differentiation 159

 1 x  dy
142. If y  sin  2 tan 1  , then 
 1 x  dx

1 2 x x x
(a) (b) (c) (d)
2 1 x 2
1x 2
1x 2
1  x2

 
143.
d  cos 1 1  cos x   [AI CBSE 1982]
dx  2 
 
1 1
(a) 1 (b) (c) (d) None of these
2 3

 1  (log x ) 2 
144. If f (x )  cos 1  2 
, then the value of f (e )  [Karnataka CET 1999]
 1  (log x ) 

1 2 2
(a) 1 (b) (c) (d)
e e e2
1  a cos( x   )  b  dy
145. If y  cos 1   where   a  b cos( x   ) , then  [Orissa JEE 2003]
a b
2 2   dx

1 2 1 2
(a) (b) (c) (d)
   2
2
d
146. tan 1 (sec x  tan x )  [AISSE 1985, 87; DSSE 1982, 84]
dx
(a) 1 (b) 1/2 (c) cos x (d) sec x

d  1 1  cos x 
147. tan  [Ranchi BIT 1989; Roorkee 1989; Rajasthan PET 1996]
dx  1  cos x 

1 1
(a)  (b) 0 (c) (d) 1
2 2

 x 1 / 3  a1 / 3 
148. If y  tan 1   , then dy  [DSSE 1986]

1 x a
1/3 1/3
 dx

1 a 1 a
(a) (b) (c)  (d) 
3 x 2 / 3 (1  x 2 / 3 ) 3 x 2 / 3 (1  x 2 / 3 ) 3 x 2 / 3 (1  x 2 / 3 ) 3 x 2 / 3 (1  x 2 / 3 )

 1 x  1 x 
149. The differential coefficient of tan 1   is [MP PET 2003]
 1 x  1 x 
 
1 1
(a) 1  x2 (b) (c) (d) x
1x 2
2 1  x2

 
 
d  2 1  equals
150. sin cot 1 [EAMCET 1996]
dx  1 x 
 
 1 x 

1 1
(a) 0 (b) (c)  (d) 1
2 2

 2x  3  dy
151. If f (x )  sin(log x ) and y  f   then equals
 3  2 x  dx
160 Differentiation

1 12   2x  3    2x  3 
(a) sin(log x ). (b) sin log    (c) sin log    (d) None of these
(3  2 x )   3  2x    3  2x 
2
x log x

 3 a 2 x  x 3  dy
152. If y  tan 1  2 2 
then equals [IIT 1969; Rajasthan PET
 a(a  3 x )  dx
1998]
3 a 3a 3x
(a) (b) (c) (d)
a  x2
2
a  x2
2
a  x2
2
a  x2
2

dy
153. If y  sinh 1 (tan x ) , then the value of is
dx
(a) sin x (b) cos x (c) sec x (d) cosec x
d
154. [sinh 1 x ]x equals
dx
x 1
(a)  log(sin h 1 x ) (b) (sinh 1 x )x 1
1
1  x . sinh x
2
1  x2

 x 
(c) (sinh 1 x ) x   log(sin h 1 x ) (d) None of these
 1  x 2 . sinh 1 x 
 
dy
155. If y  sin 1 (x 1  x  x 1  x 2 ) , then  [Roorkee 1981]
dx
2 x 1 1 1 1 1
(a)  (b)  (c)  (d) None of these
1  x2 2 x  x2 1x 2
2 xx 2
1  x2 2 x  x2

x 
 1  x   dy
156. If y  tan 1  sin 2 tan 1    , then 
1 1 x2   1  x   dx
 
x 1  2x 1  2x 1
(a) (b) (c) (d)
1x 2
1x 2
2 1 x 2 1  x2

 1  x2 1 dy
157. If y  cot 1   then 
 x  dx
 
1 1 1 1 2 2
(a) . (b) . (c) (d)
2 1  x2 2 1  x2 1  x2 1  x2
 2 x 1 
158. If y  tan 1   , then dy 

1 4
x
 dx

2 x 1 log e 2 2 x 1 log e 2 2 x 1 log e 2 2 x 1 log 2 e

(a) (b) (c) (d)
4x 1 4x 1 4x 1 4x
 2 .a x 
159. If y  tan 1   , then dy 

1a
2x
 dx

2 . a x log a 2 . a x log a 2 . a x log a

(a) (b) (c) 2 . a x log a (d)
1  a2 x 1a 2x
a2 x  1
1 dy
160. If y  x .e cos x  sec( 2 x  1) , then equals [Rajasthan PET 1986]
dx
 Differentiation 161

1  x 
(a) e cos x  1    sec( 2 x  1). tan( 2 x  1)
 1  x2 
 

1  x 
(b) e cos x 1    sec( 2 x  1). tan( 2 x  1)
 1  x2 
 

1  x 
(c) e cos x  1    2 sec( 2 x  1). tan( 2 x  1)
 1  x2 
 
(d) None of these
 a  b tan x  dy
161. If y  tan 1   , then 
 b  a tan x  dx

1
(a) 1 (b) – 1 (c) x (d)
1  x2

Methods of differentiation

Basic Level

dy
162. If x 3  8 xy  y 3  64 , then 
dx

3x 2  8y 3x 2  8y 3x  8y2
(a)  (b) (c) (d) None of these
8 x  3y 2 8 x  3y 2 8 x 2  3y
dy
163. If sin 2 x  2 cos y  xy  0 , then  [AI CBSE 1980]
dx
y  2 sin x y  sin 2 x y  2 sin x
(a) (b) (c) (d) None of these
2 sin y  x 2 sin y  x sin y  x
dy
164. If y sec x  tan x  x 2 y  0 , then  [DSSE 1981; CBSE 1981]
dx

2 xy  sec 2 x  y sec x tan x 2 xy  sec 2 x  sec x tan x

(a) (b) 
x 2  sec x x 2  sec x
2 xy  sec 2 x  y sec x tan x
(c)  (d) None of these
x 2  sec x
x dy
165. If sin( xy )   x 2  y , then 
y dx

y[2 xy  y 2 cos( xy )  1] [2 xy  y 2 cos( xy )  1] y[2 xy  y 2 cos( xy )  1]

(a) (b) (c)  (d) None of these
xy 2 cos( xy )  y 2  x xy 2 cos( xy )  y 2  x xy 2 cos( xy )  y 2  x
dy
166. If 3 sin( xy )  4 cos( xy )  5 , then  [EAMCET 1994]
dx
y 3 sin(xy )  4 cos( xy ) 3 cos( xy )  4 sin(xy )
(a)  (b) (c) (d) None of these
x 3 cos( xy )  4 sin(xy ) 4 cos( xy )  3 sin(xy )
dy
167. If x 2e y  2 xye x  13  0 , then  [Rajasthan PET 1987]
dx

2 xe y  x  2 y(x  1) 2 xe x  y  2 y(x  1) 2 xe y  x  2 y(x  1)

(a) (b) (c)  (d) None of these
x (xe y  x  2) x (xe y  x  2) x (xe y  x  2)
162 Differentiation

dy
168. If sin y  x sin(a  y ) , then  [Karnataka CET 2000; UPSEAT
dx
2001]

sin 2 (a  y ) sin 2 (a  y ) sin 2 (a  y ) sin 2 (a  y )

(a) (b) (c) (d)
sin(a  2 y ) cos(a  2 y ) sin a cos a
dy
169. If y  x x , then  [AISSE 1984; DSSE 1982; MNR 1979; SCRA 1996; Rajasthan PET 1996; Kerala (Engg.) 2002]
dx
 1
(a) x x log ex (b) x x  1   (c) (1 + log x) (d) x x log x
 x
dy
170. If y x  x y  ab , then 
dx

y x y 1  y x log y y x y 1  y x log y y x y 1  y x y x y 1  y x
(a)  (b) (c)  (d)
x y x 1  x y log x x y x 1  x y log x x y x 1  x y x y x 1  x y

(x  a)(x  b) dy
171. If y  , then 
(x  c)(x  d ) dx

y 1 1 1 1   1 1 1 1 
(a)    (b) y    
2  x  a x  b x  c x  d  
x a x b x c x d 
1 1 1 1 1 
(c)    (d) None of these

2  x  a x  b x  c x  d 
d
172. (x log e x )  [MP PET 1993]
dx
2
(a) 2 x (log e x 1). log e x (b) x (log e x 1) (c) log e x (d) x (log e x 1). log e x
x
dy
173. If x y  y x , then  [DSSE 1986; MP PET 1997]
dx
y(x log e y  y ) y(x log e y  y) x (x log e y  y ) x (x log e y  y )
(a) (b) (c) (d)
x (y log e x  x ) x (y log e x  x ) y(y log e x  x ) y(y log e x  x )
dy
174. If y  x sin x , then  [DSSE 1983, 84]
dx
x cos x . log x  sin x sin x y[ x cos x . log x  cos x ]
(a) .x (b)
x x
(c) y[ x sin x . log x  cos x ] (d) None of these
d
175. {(sin x )x }  [DSSE 1985, 87; AISSE 1983]
dx
 x cos x  sin x log sin x   x cos x  sin x log sin x 
(a)   (b) (sin x )x  
 sin x   sin x 
 x sin x  sin x log sin x 
(c) (sin x )x   (d) None of these
 sin x 
dy
176. If 2 x  2 y  2 x  y , then the value of at x  y  1 is [Karnataka CET 2000]
dx
(a) 0 (b) – 1 (c) 1 (d) 2
dy
177. If x y  e x  y , then  [MP PET 1987; MNR 1984; Roorkee 1954; Ranchi BIT 1991; Rajasthan PET
dx
2000]
 Differentiation 163

(a) log x . [log( ex )]2 (b) log x [log( ex )]2 (c) log x . (log x )2 (d) None of these
d
178. {(sin x )log x }  [DSSE 1984]
dx
1  1 
(a) (sin x )log x  log sin x  cot x (b) (sin x )log x  log sin x  cot x log x
x  x 
1 
(c) (sin x )log x  log sin x  cot x  (d) None of these
 x 
tan x  dy
179. y  (tan x )(tan x ) , then at x  , the value of  [West Bengal JEE 1990]
4 dx
(a) 0 (b) 1 (c) 2 (d) None of these
dy
180. If x p y q  (x  y)p  q , then  [Rajasthan PET 1999; UPSEAT
dx
2001]
y y x x
(a) (b)  (c) (d) 
x x y y
dy
181. If y  (tan x )cot x , then 
dx
(a) y cosec 2 x (1  log tan x ) (b) y cosec 2 x (1  log tan x ) (c) y cosec 2 x (log tan x ) (d) None of these

e x log x dy
182. If y  , then  [AI CBSE 1982]
x2 dx
e x [1  (x  2) log x ] e x [1  (x  2) log x ] e x [1  (x  2) log x ] e x [1  (x  2) log x ]
(a) (b) (c) (d)
x3 x4 x3 x3
e 2 x cos x dy
183. If y  , then 
x sin x dx
e 2 x [(2 x  1) cot x  x cosec 2 x ] e 2 x [(2 x  1) cot x  x cosec 2 x ]
(a) (b)
x2 x2
e 2 x [(2 x  1) cot x  x cosec 2 x ]
(c) (d) None of these
x2
x (2 x  3)2 dy
184. If y  , then  [AISSE 1986]
x 1 dx

 1 4 1   1 4 1   1 4 1 
(a) y     (b) y    (c) y     (d)
 2 x 2 x  3 2(x  1)   3 x 2 x  3 2(x  1)   3 x 2 x  3 (x  1) 
2(x  sin x )3 / 2 dy
185. If y  , then 
x dx

2(x  sin x )3 / 2  3 1  cos x 1  2(x  sin x )3 / 2  3 1  cos x 1 

(a)  2 . 1  sin x  2 x  (b)  2 . x  sin x  2 x 
x   x  
2(x  sin x )1 / 2  3 1  cos x 1 
(c)  2 . x  sin x  2 x  (d) None of these
x  
d
186. [(x  2)x ]  [Rajasthan PET 1992]
dx
(a) (x  2)x [x  log( x  2)] (b) (x  2)x 1[(x  2) log( x  2)  x ] (c) (x  2)x 1[x  log( x  2)] (d) None of these
x
187. The derivative of x a is
164 Differentiation

x a 
x
x x
(a) x a   a x log a log x  (b) x a [a x  xa x log x ] (c) x a [xa x  a x log x ] (d) None of these
 x 
dy
188. If x  a sin 2 (1  cos 2 ), y  b cos 2 (1  cos 2 ), then  [Kurukshetra CEE 1998]
dx
b tan  a tan  a b
(a) (b) (c) (d)
a b b tan  a tan 
 t dy
189. If x  a cos t  log tan  , y  a sin t, then  [Rajasthan PET 1997; MP PET
 2 dx
2001]
(a) tan t (b)  tan t (c) cot t (d)  cot t
dy
190. If x  sin 1 (3 t  4 t 3 ) and y  cos 1 ( 1  t 2 ) , then is equal to
dx
(a) 1/2 (b) 2/5 (c) 3/2 (d) 1/3
2t 1t dy2
191. If x  , y , then equals [Rajasthan PET 1999]
1  t2 1  t2 dx
2t 2t 2t
(a) (b) (c) (d) None of these
t2  1 t2  1 1  t2
3 at 3 at 2 dy
192. If x  , y  , then 
1t 3
1t 3
dx
t(2  t 3 ) t(2  t 3 ) t(2  t 3 ) t(2  t 3 )
(a) (b) (c) (d)
1  2t 3 1  2t 3 1  2t 3 1  2t 3
dy
193. If x = a (t + sin t) and y = a(1 – cos t), then equals [Rajasthan PET 1996; MP PET
dx
2002]
(a) tan(t / 2) (b) cot(t / 2) (c) tan 2t (d) tan t
dy 3
194. If x  a cos 4  , y  a sin 4  , then at   [Kerala (Engg.) 2002]
dx 4
(a) – 1 (b) 1 (c)  a 2 (d) a 2
 dy
195. If x  2 cos t  cos 2t , y  2 sin t  sin 2 t , then at t  , 
4 dx

2 1
(a) 2 1 (b) 2 1 (c) (d) None of these
2
2t 2t dy
196. If tan y  and sin x  , then  [Rajasthan PET 1994]
1  t2 1  t2 dx
2 1
(a) (b) (c) 1 (d) 2
1  t2 1  t2
dy
197. If x  at 2 , y = 2at then at t = 2 [Rajasthan PET 1992]
dx
(a) 2 (b) 4 (c) 1/2 (d) 1/4
  dy
198. If x  t 2  t  1 and y  sin t  cos t then at t  1 equals
2 2 dx
(a) – /6 (b) /2 (c) – /4 (d) /3
x  e x  ... dy
199. If y  e x  e , then 
dx
 Differentiation 165

y 1 y y
(a) (b) (c) (d)
1y 1y 1y y 1
(sin x )...... dy
200. If y  (sin x )(sin x ) , then 
dx
y 2 cot x y 2 cot x y cot x y cot x
(a) (b) (c) (d)
1  y log sin x 1  y log sin x 1  y log sin x 1  y log sin x

201. The differential equation satisfied by the function y  sin x  sin x  sin x  ......  , is [MP PET 1998]

dy dy
(a) (2 y  1)  sin x  0 (b) (2 y  1) cos x  0
dx dx
dy dy
(c) (2 y  1) cos x  0 (d) (2 y  1)  cos x  0
dx dx

dy
202. If y  log x  log x  log x  ......  , then 
dx
x x 1 1
(a) (b) (c) (d)
2y  1 2y  1 x (2 y  1) x (1  2 y )

dy
203. If y  f (x )  f (x )  f (x )  ...... , then the value of (2y – 1) is
dx
(a) f(x) (b) f (x ) (c) 2 f (x ) (d) None of these

Advance Level

1 1 dy
204. If x 2  y 2  t  , x 4  y 4  t 2  2 , then equals [Rajasthan PET 1999]
t t dx
(a) 1 / xy 3 (b) 1 / x 3 y (c)  1 / x 3 y (d)  1 / xy 3
 2x  3  dy
205. If f (x )  sin(log x ) and y  f   , then  [BIT Ranchi 1986]
 3  2x  dx

 2x  3   2x  3 
9 cos  log  9 sin log 
9 cos(log x )  3  2x   3  2x 2 
(a) (b) (c) (d) None of these
x (3  2 x )2 x (3  2 x )2 (3  2 x )2
dy
206. of log( xy )  x 2  y 2 is
dx
y(2 x 2  1) y(2 x 2  1) x (2 x 2  1) y(2 x 2  1)
(a) (b) (c) (d)
x (1  2 y 2 ) x (1  2 y 2 ) y(2 y 2  1) x (2 y 2  1)
207. (x  y)e x /( x  y )  k , then
dy dy  dy 
(a) (y  2 x )  3 x  2 y  0 (b) y  x  2y  0 (c) a  y  x  2y   1 (d) None of these
dx dx  dx 
dy
208. If y  (x x )x , then 
dx
(a) (x x )x (1  2 log x ) (b) (x x )x (1  log x ) (c) x (x x )x (1  2 log x ) (d) x (x x )x (1  log x )
dy
209. If y  (x log x )log log x , then  [Roorkee 1981]
dx

 1 1 1  
(a) (x log x )log log x  (log x  log log x )  (log log x )   

 x log x  x x log x  

166 Differentiation

 2 1
(b) (x log x )x log x log log x   
 log x x 
log log x  1 
(c) (x log x )x log x   1
x  log x 
(d) None of these
x
 1 dy
210. If y   1   , then  [BIT Ranchi 1992]
 x dx

1   1  1   1 
x x
 1 
(a)  1   log  1     (b)  1   log  1  
 x   x  1 x  x   x 

1   1 
x x
 1  x   1
(c)  x   log( x  1)  (d)  x   log  1    
 x   1  x   x   x  1 x
x dy
211. If y  x ( x ) , then  [AISSE 1989]
dx
(a) y[x x (log ex ). log x  x x ] (b) y[x x (log ex ). log x  x ] (c) y[x x (log ex ). log x  x x 1 ] (d) y[ x x (log e x ). log x  x x 1 ]
1
a cos x 1 dy
212. If y  1
and z  acos x
, then  [MP PET 1994]
1a cos x dz
1 1 1
(a) (b)  (c) (d) None of these
cos 1 x cos 1 x cos 1 x 2
1a 1a (1  a )
213. Let the function y  f (x ) be given by x  t 5  5 t 3  20 t  7 and y  4 t 3  3 t 2  18 t  3 , where t  (2, 2) . Then f (x ) at
t  1 is
5 2 7
(a) (b) (c) (d) None of these
2 5 5
x ...... 
x dy
214. If y  x , then 
dx
y2 y2 y2
(a) (b) (c) (d) None of these
2 x  2 y log x 2 x  log x 2 x  2 y log x
1 dy
215. If y  x  , then equals
1 dx
x
1
x
x  .....
y y y y
(a) (b) (c) (d)
2y  x 2y  x y  2x y  2x
x dy
216. If y  , then equals
x dx
a
x
b
x
a
b  .........
b b a
(a) (b) (c) (d) None of these
a(b  2 y) b  2y b(b  2 y)
sin x dy
217. If y  , then 
cos x dx
1
sin x
1
1  cos x ....... 
(1  y) cos x  sin x (1  y) cos x  sin x (1  y) cos x  sin x
(a) (b) (c) (d) None of these
1  2y  cos x  sin x 1  2y  cos x  sin x 1  2y  cos x  sin x
 Differentiation 167

1
218. If f ( x )  , then the derivative of the composite function f [ f { f ( x )}] is equal to [Orissa JEE 2003]
1x
(a) 0 (b) 1/2 (c) 1 (d) 2
du
219. If u  f (x ), v  g(x ), f (x )  cos x and g(x )  sin x then
3 2
is
dv
3 2
(a) x . cos x 3 .cosec x 2 (b) sin x 3 . sec x 2 (c) tan x (d) None of these
2 3
220. Let f (x )  e x , g(x )  sin 1 x and h(x )  f (g(x )) , then h(x ) / h(x ) 
1
(a) e sin x
(b) 1 / 1  x 2 (c) sin 1 x (d) 1 /(1  x 2 )

Differentiation of a Function with Respect to Another Function

Basic Level

221. The derivative of sin2x with respect to cos 2 x is [DCE 2002]

2
(a) tan x (b) tan x (c) –tan x (d) None of these
3
222. The differential of e x with respect to logx is [KCET 2002]
x3 2 x3 3 x3 2 x3
(a) e (b) 3 x e (c) 3 x e (d) 3 x e  3x 2

223. The differential coefficient of x 6 with respect to x 3 is [EAMCET 1988; UPSEAT

2000]
(a) 5 x 2 (b) 3 x 3 (c) 5 x 5 (d) 2x 3
x
224. The rate of change of x 2  16 with respect to at x = 3, will be [MP PET 1987]
x 1
24 24 12 12
(a)  (b) (c) (d) 
5 5 5 5
1x
225. Differential coefficient of sin 1 w.r.t. x is [Roorkee 1984]
1x
1 x
(a) (b) (c) 1 (d) None of these
2 x 1x
1 1
226. Differential coefficient of sec 1 w.r.t. 1  x 2 at x  is
2x 2  1 2
(a) 2 (b) 4 (c) 6 (d) 1
227. Differential coefficient of sin 1 x w.r.t. cos 1 1  x 2 is [MNR 1983; AMU 2002]
1
(a) 1 (b) (c) 2 (d) None of these
1  x2
228. The differential coefficient of tan 1 x with respect to x is
1 1 1 1
(a) (b) (c) (d)
1 x 2x 1  x 2 x (1  x ) 1 x
 1  1
229. Derivative of sec 1  2  w.r.t. 1  3 x at x   is [EAMCET 1991]
 2x 1  3
(a) 0 (b) 1/2 (c) 1/3 (d) None of these
1
230. Differential coefficient of cos ( x ) with respect to (1  x ) is
168 Differentiation

1 1
(a) x (b)  x (c) (d) 
x x

1  x2
231. Differential coefficient of tan 1 w.r.t. cos 1 (x 2 ) is
1  x2
1 1
(a) (b)  (c) 1 (d) 0
2 2

 1  x 1
2
 du
1
232. If u  tan 1   and v  2 tan x , then is equal to
 x  dv
 
(a) 4 (b) 1 (c) 1/4 (d) – 1/4
 2x  
1  1  x
2 
233. The derivative of sin 1   w.r.t. cos  is [Karnataka CET 2000]
1 x 
2 1  x2 
 
(a) – 1 (b) 1 (c) 2 (d) 4
 x 
234. Differential coefficient of tan 1   w.r.t. sin 1 x , is
1  1  x2 
 
1 3
(a) (b) 1 (c) 2 (d)
2 2
1  x2   
 w.r.t. cot 1  1  3 x
2
235. The derivative of cos 1    3x  x2
 is
 [Karnataka CET 2003]
1 x
2
  
3 2 1
(a) 1 (b) (c) (d)
2 3 2
1
236. The differential coefficient of e sin x
with respect to sin 1 x is
1 1
(a) cos 1 x (b) e cos x
(c) e sin x
(d) sin 1 x

Advance Level

tan 1 x
237. Differential coefficient of w.r.t. tan 1 x is
1  tan 1 x
1 1 1 1
(a) (b) (c) (d)
1  tan 1 x 1  tan 1 x (1  tan 1 x )2 2(1  tan 1 x )2

 1  x2 1   
 with respect to tan 1  2 x 1  x
2
238. The derivative of tan 1   at x = 0, is
 x   1  2x 2 
   
1 1 1
(a) (b) (c) (d) 1
8 4 2

 1  x2 
239. Differentiation of tan 1   with respect to cos 1 (2 x 1  x 2 ) is
 x 
 
1 1
(a) (b)  (c) 1 (d) – 1
2 2

240. Differentiation of sin 1 (2ax 1  a 2 x 2 ) with respect to 1  a 2 x 2 is

2 2
(a) 2 (b) ax (c) (d) 
ax ax
 Differentiation 169

 1  ax 
241. Differentiation of tan 1   with respect to 1  a 2 x 2 is
 1  ax 

1 1 1 1
(a) (b) (c) (d)
ax 1  ax 1  ax ax 1  a x 2 2
ax 1  a 2 x 2

 2x 1  x 2 
242. The value of derivative of tan 1   w.r.t. to sec 1  1  at x 
1
equals
 1  2x 2   2x 1 
2
2
 
(a) 1 (b) – 1 (c) 0 (d) None of these

Successive Differentiation or Higher Order Derivatives

Basic Level

243. If y  (x 2  1)m , then the (2m)th differential coefficient of y is

(a) m (b) (2m) ! (c) 2m (d) m !

244. The nth derivative of xe x vanishes when [AMU 1999]

(a) x = 0 (b) x = – 1 (c) x = – n (d) x = n

d 2y
245. If x p y q  (x  y)p  q , then  [West Bengal JEE 1992]
dx 2
(a) 0 (b) 1 (c) 2 (d) None of these

d 2y
246. If y  A cos nx  B sin nx , then  [Karnataka CET 1996]
dx 2

(a) n 2 y (b) – y (c)  n 2 y (d) None of these

d 2y
247. If x = a sin  and y = b cos , then is [UPSEAT 2002]
dx 2
a b b b
(a) sec 2  (b) sec 2  (c) sec 3  (d)
b2 a a2 a sec 3 
2

248. If y  a cos(log x )  sin(log x ) , then

d 2y dy d 2y dy d 2y dy d 2y dy
(a) x 2 x y 0 (b) x 2 x y  0 (c) x 2 x y  0 (d) x 2 x y 0
dx 2 dx dx 2 dx dx 2 dx dx 2 dx

d 2y
249. If e y  xy  e , then the value of for x = 0, is [Kurukshetra CEE 2002]
dx 2
1 1 1
(a) (b) (c) (d) None of these
e e2 e3

x2 x3 x4 d 2y
250. If y  1  x     ...... , then  [Karnataka CET 2003]
2! 3! 4 ! dx 2
(a) x (b) – x (c) – y (d) y

d 2y
251. If y  ax n 1  bx n , then x 2 
dx 2

(a) n(n – 1)y (b) n(n + 1)y (c) ny (d) n 2 y

170 Differentiation

252. If y  a  bx 2 ; a, b arbitrary constants, then [EAMCET 1994]

d 2y d 2 y dy d 2 y dy d 2y
(a)  2 xy (b) x  (c) x  y 0 (d) x  2 xy
dx 2 dx 2 dx dx 2 dx dx 2

 x  d 2y
253. If y  x log   , then x 3  [West Bengal JEE 1991; Roorkeee 1976]
 a  bx  dx 2
2 2
dy  dy  dy  dy 
(a) x y (b)  x  y (c) y x (d)  y  x
dx  dx  dx  dx 

d2
254. (2 cos x cos 3 x )  [Rajasthan PET 2003]
dx 2

(a) 2 2 (cos 2 x  2 2 cos 4 x ) (b) 2 2 (cos 2 x  2 2 cos 4 x ) (c) 2 2 ( cos 2 x  2 2 cos 4 x ) (d)  2 2 (cos 2 x  2 2 cos 4 x )

d 2y
255. If x  t 2 , y  t 3 , then 
dx 2
(a) 3/2 (b) 3/(4t) (c) 3/(2t) (d) 3t/2

d 2y
256. If y  ae mx  be mx , then  m 2y  [MP PET 1987]
dx 2

(a) m 2 (ae mx  be mx ) (b) 1 (c) 0 (d) None of these

d 3y
257. If y  x 2 e mx , where m is a constant, then  [MP PET 1987]
dx 3

(a) me mx (m 2 x 2  6mx  6) (b) 2m 3 xe mx (c) me mx (m 2 x 2  2mx  2) (d) None of these

258. If f be a polynomial, then the second derivative of f (e x ) is

(a) f (e x ) (b) f (e x )e x  f (e x ) (c) f (e x )e 2 x  f (e x ) (d) f (e x )e 2 x  f (e x )e x

259. If y  ae x  be  x  c where a, b, c are parameters then y  

(a) y (b) y  (c) 0 (d) y 

260. If y = a cos(log x) + b sin(log x) where a, b are parameters then x 2 y  x y  [EAMCET 2002]

(a) y (b) – y (c) 2y (d) – 2y

261. If y  x log log e (1  x ) then y (0) equals
3
[AMU 1999]

(a) 0 (b) – 1 (c) 6 log e 2 (d) 6

d2x
262. is equal to [AMU 2001]
dy 2

1 (d 2 y / dx 2 ) d 2y (d 2 y / dx 2 )
(a) (b) (c) (d)
(dy / dx )2 (dy / dx )2 dx 2
(dy / dx )2

d 2y
263. If x  e t sin t, y  e t cos t, t is a parameter, then at (1, 1) is equal to [AMU 2001]
dx 2
(a) –1/2 (b) –1/4 (c) 0 (d) 1/2
n
d
264. (sin 2 x ) 
dx n
 Differentiation 171

 n   n   
(a) sin   x (b) 2 n sin   2x  (c) 2 n sin   2 x  (d) None of these
 2   2  2 

dn
265. (log x )  [Rajasthan PET 2002]
dx n
(n  1)! n! (n  2)! (n  1)!
(a) (b) (c) (d) (1)n 1
xn xn xn xn

dn 2x
266. (e  e  2 x ) 
dx n
(a) e 2 x  (1)n e 2 x (b) 2n (e 2 x  e 2 x ) (c) 2n [e 2 x  (1)n e 2 x ] (d) None of these
267. If y  sin x sin 3 x , then yn 

1       1  n   n   
(a) cos  2 x  n   cos  4 x  n  (b)  2 cos  2 x  n   4 cos  4 x  n 
2   2   2  2   2   2 

1  n   n   
(c) 4 cos  4 x  n   2 cos  2 x  n  (d) None of these
2   2  2 

x
268. The nth derivative of is
1x

(1)n n ! n! (1)n 1
(a) (b) (c) (d)
(1  x )n 1 (1  x )n 1 (1  x )n 1 (1  x )n 1

269. If y  sin 2 x , then value of yn is

 n   n   n 
(a) 2n cos  2 x   (b)  2 n cos  2 x   (c)  2 n 1 cos  2 x   (d) None of these
 2   2   2 

270. If y = sin 2x cos 2x, then value of yn is

 n   n   n 
(a) 2 2 n 1 sin 4 x   (b) 2 2 n sin 4 x   (c) 2 2 n 1 cos  4 x   (d) None of these
 2   2   2 

271. If y  e 6  5 x , then the value of yn is

(a) 5 n e 6  5 x (b) (5)n e 6 5 x (c) 5 n 1 e 6  5 x (d) (5)n 1 e 6 5 x

272. If y  8 x , then the value of yn is

8x 8x
(a) (b) (c) 8 x log e 8 (d) 8 x (log e 8 )n
log e 8 (log e 8 )n

273. Dn [ f (ax  b)] is equal to

(a) n ! fn (ax  b) (b) a n fn (ax  b) (c) (n  1) ! a n fn (ax  b) (d) 0

274. If y  x n 1 log x , then which of the following statement is true

(a) xy n  n ! (b) xy n  (n  1) ! (c) xy n  (n  2) ! (d) x 2 y n  n !

Advance Level
172 Differentiation

d 2y
275. If x  f1 (t) and y  f2 (t) , then 
dx 2
f1 f2  f2 f1 f1 f2  f2 f1 f1(t)  f1(t)
(a) (b) (c) (d)
(f1)2 (f1)3 f2(t) f2(t)

d  3 d 2 y 
276. If y 2  p(x ) is a polynomial of degree three, then 2 y . 2   [IIT 1988; Rajasthan PET
dx  dx 
2000]

(a) p (x )  p (x ) (b) p ( x ). p ( x ) (c) p(x ). p(x ) (d) Constant

d 3y
277. If x = a cos, y = b sin, then is equal to
dx 3
3b 3b 3b
(a)  cosec 4 cot 4  (b) cosec 4 cot  (c)  cosec 4 cot  (d) None of these
a3 a3 a3

d 20 y
278. (2 cos x cos 3 x )  [EAMCET 1994]
dx 20

(a) 2 20 (cos 2 x  2 20 cos 4 x ) (b) 2 20 (cos 2 x  2 20 cos 4 x ) (c) 2 20 (sin 2 x  2 20 sin 4 x ) (d) 2 20 (sin 2 x  2 20 sin 4 x )

d 2u
279. If u  x 2  y 2 and x  s  3t , y  2 s  t , then  [Orissa JEE 2002]
ds 2
(a) 12 (b) 32 (c) 36 (d) 10

d2x
280. If y  sin x  e x , then  [KCET 1999; UPSEAT 2001; Haryana
dy 2
CEE 2002]

sin x  e x sin x  e x sin x  e x

(a) ( sin x  e x )1 (b) (c) (d)
(cos x  e x )2 (cos x  e x )3 (cos x  e x )3

d 2y
281. If x  at 2 , y = 2at, then  [Karnataka CET 1993]
dx 2
1 1 1 1
(a)  (b) (c)  (d) 
t2 2 at 3 t3 2 at 3

dn
282. If In  (x n log x ) , then In  nIn 1  [EAMCET 2003]
dx n
(a) n (b) n – 1 (c) n ! (d) (n – 1)!

283. If y  (sin 1 x )2  k sin 1 x then which is true

d 2y dy d 2y dy d 2y dy d 2y dy
(a) (1  x 2 ) 2
x 2 (b) (1  x 2 ) 2
x 2 (c) (1  x 2 ) 2
x 2 (d) (1  x 2 ) 2
x 2
dx dx dx dx dx dx dx dx
1
284. If y  e tan x
then which is true

(a) (1  x 2 )y 2  (2 x  1)y1  0 (b) (1  x 2 )y 2  (2 x  1)y1  0 (c) (1  x 2 )y 2  (2 x  1)y1  0 (d) (1  x 2 )y 2  (2 x  1)y1  0

285. The function u  e x sin x , v  e x cos x satisfy the equation

du dv d 2u d 2v
(a) v u  u2  v2 (b)  2v (c)  2u (d) None of these
dv dx dx 2 dx 2
 Differentiation 173

1
286. If x 2  y 2  a 2 and k  , then k is equal to
a

y  | y  | 2 y  y 
(a) (b) (c) (d)
1  y (1  y  ) 2 3
1  y 2
2 (1  y 2 )3

d 2y
287. If (a  bx )e y / x  x , then the value of x 3 is
dx 2
2 2
 dy   dy  dy
(a)  y  x (b)  x  y (c) x y (d) None of these
 dx   dx  dx

288. If y  [log( x  x 2  1 )]2 then which is correct

d 2y dy d 2y dy d 2y dy d 2y dy
(a) (1  x 2 ) 2
x 2 (b) (1  x 2 ) 2
x 2 (c) (1  x 2 ) 2
x 0 (d) (1  x 2 ) 2
x 0
dx dx dx dx dx dx dx dx

1 d 2y
289. If y  , then equals
x a
2 2
dx 2

3 x 2  a2 3 x 2  a2 2(3 x 2  a 2 ) 2(3 x 2  a 2 )
(a) (b) (c) (d)
( x 2  a 2 )3 ( x 2  a 2 )4 ( x 2  a 2 )3 (x 2  a 2 )4

290. If y1 / m  y 1 / m  2 x , then (x 2  1)y 2  xy 1 is equal to

(a) m 2 y (b)  m 2 y (c)  m 2 y (d)  my

d 2y dy
291. If y  (sin1 x )2  (cos 1 x )2 , then (1  x 2 ) 2
x is equal to
dx dx

(a) 4 (b) 3 (c) 1 (d) 0

1 1
292. If y  e x
 e x
, then xy 2  y1  y is equal to
2 4

(a) 0 (b) 1 (c) – 1 (d) 2

d 6y 
293. If y  sin 2 x then 6
at x  is equal to
dx 2

(a) – 64 (b) 0 (c) 64 (d) None of these

dn
294. cos 2 x 
dx n
     n   n 
(a) 2 n 1 cos  2 x   (b) 2 n 1 cos  2 x   (c) 2n 1 cos  2 x   (d) 2n 1 cos  2 x  
 2  2  2   2 

295. If y  cos 4 x , then yn is equal to

 n   n   n   n 
(a) 2 2 n  3 cos  4 x    2 n 1 cos  2 x   (b) 2 2 n  3 cos  2 x    2 n 1 cos  4 x  
 2   2   2   2 

 n   n 
(c) cos  4 x    cos  2 x   (d) None of these
 2   2 

296. If y  sin 2 x sin 2 x then yn is equal to

 n   n   n   n 
(a) 2 n 1 sin 2 x    4 n 1 sin 4 x   (b) 2 n 1 sin 2 x    4 n 1 sin 4 x  
 2   2   2   2 
174 Differentiation

 n   n 
(c) 2 sin 2 x    sin 4 x   (d) None of these
 2   2 

nth Derivative Using Partial Fractions

Basic Level

1
297. nth derivative of is
3x 2  5x  2


 1 3 n 1 
 
 1 3 n 1 

(a) (1)n n !  n 1
 n 1 
(b) n !  n 1
 n 1 

 ( x  1) (3 x  2 ) 
 
 ( x  1) (3 x  2 ) 



 1 3 n 1 

(c) (1)n n !  n 1
 n 1 
(d) None of these
 (x  1)
 (3 x  2)  
1
298. nth derivative of is
x  5x  6
2

   
(a) (1)n n !  
1 1 1 1 1 1
 n 1 
(b) (1)n n !  n 1
 n 1 
(c) (1)n n !  n 1
 n 1 
(d) None of these
 ( x  3) (x  2)   (x  2) (x  3) 
n 1
 (x  2) ( x  3) 

Advance Level

2x  3
299. nth derivative of
5x  7

(1)n n !5 n 1 (1)n n !5 n 1 (1)n n !5 n 1 (1)n n !5 n 1

(a) (b) (c) (d)
(5 x  7 )n 1 (5 x  7 )n 1 (5 x  7 )n 1 (5 x  7 )n 1
1
300. nth derivative of is
x 2  a2

(1)n n ! (1)n n !
(a) [(x  a)n 1  (x  a)n 1 ] (b) [(x  a)n 1  (x  a)n 1 ]
2a 2a

(1)n n !  1 1  (1)n n !
(c)    (d) [(x  a)n 1  (x  a)n 1 ]
2a  (x  a)n 1 (x  a)n 1  2a

Differentiation of Determinants

Basic Level

x x2 x3
301. If f (x )  1 2x 3 x 2 , then f (x ) is
0 2 6x

(a) x 2 (b) 6x (c) 6 x 2 (d) 1

sec  tan 2  1
302. If f (x )   sec x tan x x , then f ( ) is
1 tan x  tan  0
 Differentiation 175

(a) 0 (b) – 1 (c) Independent of  (d) None of these

f (x ) g(x )
303. Let f, g, h and k be differentiable in (a, b) and F is defined as F(x )  for all x  (a, b) then F is given
h(x ) k (x )
by

f g f g f  g f g f g f g f g f g
(a)  (b)  (c)  (d) 
h k h k h k h k  h k h k h k  h k

Advance Level

x3 x 2 3x 2
d 3 f (x )
304. f (x )  1 6 4 , here p is a constant, then is
2 3 dx 3
p p p

(a) Proportional to x 2 (b) Proportional to x (c) Proportional to x 3 (d) A constant

y y1 y2
305. If y  sin px and y n is the nth derivative of y, then y 3 y4 y5 is equal to [AMU 2002]
y6 y7 y8

(a) 1 (b) 0 (c) – 1 (d) None of these

Differentiation of Integral Functions

Basic Level

 x3 

d 
306. Let f (t)  log( t) , then f (t)dt 
dx  x2 
 
4
(a) Has a value 0 when x = 0 (b) Has a value 0 when x = 1 and x 
9

(c) Has a value 9 e 2  4 when x = e (d) Has a differential coefficient 27e – 8 for x = e

 t sin t dt , then
x
307. If f (x )  f (x ) 
0

(a) x sin x (b) x cos x (c) sin x + cos x (d) x 2 / 2

Advance Level

 (4 t
x
1
308. If F(x )  2
 2 F(t)) dt , then F(4 ) equals
x2 4

(a) 32 / 9 (b) 64 / 3 (c) 64 / 9 (d) None of these

Leibneitz's theorem

Basic Level
176 Differentiation

309. If y = x sin x, then at x = 0 the value of y15 equal to

(a) 0 (b) – 15 (c) 15! (d) –(15)!

Advance Level

310. If y  xe x then the value of yn is

(a) (n  1)e x (b) (x  1)e x (c) (x  n)e x (d) (x  n)e x

Miscellaneous Problems

Basic Level

311. Given that d / dx f (x )  f (x ) . The relationship f (a  b)  f (a)  f (b) is valid if f(x) is equal to

(a) x (b) x 2 (c) x 3 (d) x 4

312. f(x) and g(x) are two differentiable function on [0, 2] such that f (x )  g(x )  0, f (1)  2, g(1)  4, f (2)  3, g(2)  9 ,
then f(x) – g(x) at x  3 / 2 is

(a) 0 (b) 2 (c) 10 (d) – 5

ax 2 bx c y
313. If y     1 , then  [IIT 1998]
(x  a)(x  b)(x  c) (x  b)(x  c) x  c y

 a b c   a b c  1 a b c  1 a b c 
(a)     (b)     (c)     (d)    
ax bx cx  a x bx cx  x ax bx cx  y ax bx cx 

1 1 1 dy
314. If y    , then equals
1  x a b  x a  c 1  x b  a  x b  c 1  x c  a  x c b dx

(a) ax 1  bx 1  cx 1 (b) 0 (c) 1 (d) a  b  c

315. Let f(x) be a polynomial function of the second degree. If f(1) = f(–1) and a1 , a2 , a3 are in A.P. then
f (a1 ), f (a2 ), f (a3 ) are in

(a) A.P. (b) G.P. (c) H.P. (d) None of these

***
176 Differentiation

Assignment (Basic & Advance Level)

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20

d d c b d c b a b b a b d a a c a d c b
21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 31 32 33 34 35 36 37 38 39 40

d d c b b d d a c c d c d a b c d c d d
41 42 43 44 45 46 47 48 49 50 51 52 53 54 55 56 57 58 59 60
d b a b a d c b b a c b b b d b c c c a
61 62 63 64 65 66 67 68 69 70 71 72 73 74 75 76 77 78 79 80

a a c c a a a a c c a a a b a c c a c c
81 82 83 84 85 86 87 88 89 90 91 92 93 94 95 96 97 98 99 100

a d c b b b a c c a d a c c b a a c a a
101 102 103 104 105 106 107 108 109 110 111 112 113 114 115 116 117 118 119 120
d d c c a b c a b c d b b d a c b c a d
121 122 123 124 125 126 127 128 129 130 131 132 133 134 135 136 137 138 139 140
c c a b d a a a a a a c c c a a b a b b
141 142 143 144 145 146 147 148 149 150 151 152 153 154 155 156 157 158 159 160

b c b b a b c a c b c c c c c c c d a c
161 162 163 164 165 166 167 168 169 170 171 172 173 174 175 176 177 178 179 180
a a b c b a c c a a a a b a b b a b c a
181 182 183 184 185 186 187 188 189 190 191 192 193 194 195 196 197 198 199 200

a d a a b b a a a d b b a a a c c a a a
201 202 203 204 205 206 207 208 209 210 211 212 213 214 215 216 217 218 219 220

d c b b d a b c a a c c b d b a b c a b
221 222 223 224 225 226 227 228 229 230 231 232 233 234 235 236 237 238 239 240
d c d d d b a d a c a c b a c a c b b d
241 242 243 244 245 246 247 248 249 250 251 252 253 254 255 256 257 258 259 260
c b b c a c c d b d b b b d b c a d b b
261 262 263 264 265 266 267 268 269 270 271 272 273 274 275 276 277 278 279 280
a d a b d c b b a a b d b b b c c b d c
281 282 283 284 285 286 287 288 289 290 291 292 293 294 295 296 297 298 299 300
b d a a b b c a c a a a a c c b c c a c
301 302 303 304 305 306 307 308 309 310 311 312 313 314 315

c c b d b b a a d c b d c b a