CHAPTER-IV

ANALYSIS AND INTERPRETATION

Analysis and interpretation of data is the core important aspect of the
research process, which involves the computation of the certain measures along
with searching for patterns of relationship that exists among the data groups.

The analysis and interpretation of data are based on the data collected through
hypertonic saline nebulized suctioning on airway clearance and prevention of
ventilator associated pneumonia [VAP] among patients connected to mechanical
ventilator in medical and surgical intensive care units at a selected hospital,
Chinakakani, Guntur district, Andhra Pradesh.

. Organization and presentation of obtained data were entered in the master

sheet for tabulation and statistical processing and the results were computed using
descriptive and inferential statistics.

The analysis of data is organized and presented in the form of tables and
diagrams represented under the following sections:

SECTION-A: Distribution of selected variables of the patients connected to

mechanical ventilator.

SECTION-B: Distribution of the scores of patients connected to mechanical

ventilator.

SECTION-C: Comparison of the pre-interventional and post-interventional scores

of patients connected to mechanical ventilator.

SECTION-D: Association between the post-interventional scores of the patients

connected to mechanical ventilator with their selected variables.
 SECTION-A

Distribution of selected variables of the patients connected to mechanical

ventilator

TABLE-1

Frequency and percentage distribution of patients connected to mechanical

ventilator according to their socio demographic data

N=30

S.No. Socio Demographic Data Experimental Control Group

Group
F % F %
1. Age
a) 21 – 30 years 1 6.6 1 6.6
b) 31 – 40 years 3 20 2 13.3
c) 41 – 50 years 9 60 6 40
d) 51 – 60 years 2 13.3 6 40
2. Gender
a) Male 10 66.6 10 66.6
b) Female 5 33.3 5 33.3
3. History of Smoking
a) Non smoking 6 40 9 60
b) 1 – 5 years 5 33.3 2 13.3
c) 6 – 10 years 3 20 2 13.3
d) 11 – 15 years 1 6.6 2 13.3
e) Above 15 years 0 0 0 0
4. Duration of Admission in
 Hospital
a) 1 – 3 days 1 6.6 2 13.3
b) 4 – 6 days 6 40 7 46.6
c) 7 – 9 days 5 33.3 4 26.6
d) Above 10 days. 3 20 2 13.3
5. History of Respiratory Illness
a) Yes 10 66.6 7 46.6
b) No 5 33.3 8 53.3
6. If yes, how long you are
suffering with respiratory
illness?
a) < 1 year 3 20 0 0
b) 1-3 years 6 40 5 33.3
c) 4-6 years 1 6.6 2 13.3
d) 7 years and above 0 0 0 0

Table-1 shows the frequency and percentage distribution of patients

connected to mechanical ventilator according to their socio demographic data.

With regard to age, in the experimental group, majority (60%) were in the
age group of 41-50 years, 20% between 31-40 years, 13.3% between 51-60 years
and 6.6% were between 21-30 years while in the control group, majority (40%)
were between 41-50 years and 51-60 years respectively, 13.3% were between 31-
40 years and 6.6% were between 21-30 years.
 With regard to gender, in the experimental group, majority (66.6%) were
males and 33.3% were females while in the control group, majority (66.6%) were
males and 33.3% were females.

With regard to history of smoking, in the experimental group, majority

(40%) were non-smokers, 33.3% had a history of 1-5 years, 20% had a history of
16-10 years. 6.6% had a history of 11-15 years and none above 15 years while in
the control group, majority (60%) were non-smokers, 13.3% were smokers for 1-5
years, 6-10 years, 11-15 years respectively and none above 15 years.

With regard to duration of admission in hospital, in the experimental group,

majority(40%) were admitted for 4-6 days, 33.3% were admitted for 7-9 days, 20%
were admitted for more than 10 days and only 6.6% for 1-3 days while in the
control group, majority (46.6%) were admitted for 4-6days, 26.6% for 7-9 days,
13.3% for 1-3 days and above 10 days respectively.

With regard to history of respiratory illness, in the experimental group,

majority (66.6%) had a history and 33.3% didn’t have a history while in the control
group, majority (53.3%) had a history and 46.6% did not have a history of
respiratory illness.

In the experimental group, from among those who had history of respiratory
illness, majority (40%) suffered for 1-3 years, 20% for less than 1 year, 6.6% for 4-
6 years and none suffered for 7 years and above while in the control group,
majority (33.3%) suffered for 1-3 years, 13.3% for 4-6 years and none suffered for
less than 1 year and 7 years and above respectively.
70.00%

60%
60.00%

50.00%

40% 40%
40.00%

21-30 YEARS
31-40 YEARS`
30.00% 41-50 YEARS
51-60 YEARS

20.00%
20.00%

13% 13.30%

10.00%
6.60% 6.60%

0.00%
EXPERIMENTAL CONTROL GROUP
GROUP

Fig.4 Percentage distribution of patients connected to mechanical

ventilator according to their age
 70.00% 66.60% 66.60%

60.00%

50.00%

40.00%
33.30% 33.30%
MALE
FEMALE
30.00%

20.00%

10.00%

0.00%
EXPERIMENTAL CONTROL GROUP
GROUP

Fig. 5 Percentage distribution of patients connected to mechanical

ventilator according to their gender
 60%
60%

50%

40%
40%
33.30%
NON SMOKING
30% 1-5 YEARS
6-10 YEARS
11-15 YEARS
20.00% ABOVE 15 YEARS
20%
13.30%
13.30%
13.30%

10% 6.60%

0 0
0%
EXPERIMENTAL CONTROL GROUP
GROUP

Fig. 6 Fig.4 Percentage distribution of patients connected to

mechanical ventilator according to their history of smoking
 EXPERIMENTAL GROUP
7%
20%
1-3 DAYS
4-6 DAYS
7-9 DAYS
ABOVE 10 DAYS
40%

33%

CONTROL GROUP

13% 13%

1-3 DAYS
4-6 DAYS
7-9 DAYS
27% ABOVE 10 DAYS

47%

Fig.7 Percentage distribution of patients connected to mechanical

ventilator according to their duration of admission in hospital
 70.00% 66.60%

60.00%
53.30%

50.00% 46.60%

40.00%
33.30%
YES
NO
30.00%

20.00%

10.00%

0.00%
EXPERIMENTAL GROUP CONTROL GROUP

Fig.8 Percentage distribution of patients connected to mechanical

ventilator according to their history of respiratory illness
 45%

40.00%
40%

35% 33.30%

30%

25%
LESS THE 1 YEAR
0.2 1-3 YEARS
20%
4-6 YEARS
7 YEAR AND ABOVE
15% 13.30%

10%
6.60%

5%

0
0%
EXPERIMENTAL CONTROL GROUP
GROUP

Fig. 9 Percentage distribution of patients connected to mechanical

ventilator according to how long they suffered from respiratory
illness

TABLE-2
 Frequency and percentage distribution of patients connected to mechanical
ventilator according to their clinical data

N=30

S.No. Clinical Data Experimental Control Group

Group
F % F %
1. Type of Diagnosis
a) Medical 13 86.6 12 80
b) Surgical 2 13.3 3 20
c) others 0 0 0 0
2. No of days on ventilation
a) 1 – 3 days 7 46.6 5 33.3
b) 4 – 6 days 8 53.3 10 66.6
c) 7 – 9 days 0 0 0 0
d) Above 10 days 0 0 0 0
3. Size of the endotracheal tube
a) 6-6.5 mm 3 20 5 33.3
b) 7-7.5 mm 3 20 0 0
c) 8-8.5 mm 7 46.6 8 53.3
d) 9-9.5mm 2 13.3 2 13.3
4. Frequency of Suctioning
a) 2nd hourly 8 53.3 1 6.6
b) 4th hourly 5 46.6 11 73.3
c) 6th hourly 2 13.3 3 20
d) 8th hourly 0 0 0 0
5. Patient position during
 suctioning:
a) Supine position 8 53.3 7 46.6
b) Semi – fowlers’ position 7 46.6 8 53.3
6. Frequency of nebulization:
a) Once a day. 2 13.3 5 33.3
b) Two times a day. 10 66.6 10 66.6
c) Three times a day 3 20 0 0
d) Four times a day. 0 0 0 0
7. Type of tracheal secretion
a) Thicken secretion. 7 46.6 10 66.6
b) Mild Secretion. 8 53.3 5 33.3
c) Clear secretion. 0 0 0 0
8. Peak Inspiratory Pressure
(PIP)
a) 15-20cm H2O 1 6.6 2 13.3
b) 21-25cm H2O 4 26.6 5 33.3
c) 26-30 cm H2O 5 33.3 8 53
d) 31-35cm H2O 5 33.3 0 0
9. Tidal Volume (TV)
a) 7.1 - 8.1 ml/kg 1 6.6 1 6.6
b) 8.2 - 9.1 ml/kg 6 40 6 40
c) 9.2 - 10.1 ml/kg 5 33.3 8 53.3
d) 10.2 - 11.1 ml /kg 3 20 0 0

10. Positive End Respiratory

Pressure (PEEP)
a) 5cm H2O 1 6.6 1 6.6
 b) 6 cm H2O 4 26.6 6 40
c) 7 cm H2O 7 46.6 6 40
d) 8 cm H2O 3 20 1 6.6
e) 9 cm H2O 0 0 1 6.6
11. Fraction of Inspirited Oxygen
(FIO2)
a) 61 – 70% 0 0 1 6.6
b) 71 – 80% 2 13.3 2 13.3
c) 81 – 90% 6 40 4 26.6
d) 91 – 100% 7 46.6 7 46.6

Table-2 shows the Frequency and percentage distribution of patients

connected to mechanical ventilator according to their clinical data.

With regard to type of diagnosis, in the experimental group, majority

(86.6%) were medical, 13.3% were surgical and none were of any others while in
the control group majority(80%) were medical , 20% were surgical and none were
of any others.

With regard to number of days on ventilation, in the experimental group,

majority 53.3% were for 4-6 days, 46.6% were 1-3 days and none were for 7-9
days and above 10 days respectively while in the control group, majority 66.6%
were for 4-6 days, 33.3% were for 1-3 days and none were for 7-9 days and above
10 days respectively.
 With regard to size of endotracheal tube, in the experimental group, majority
46.6% was 8-8.5mm, 20% was 6-6.5mm and 7-7.5mm respectively, 13.3% was 9-
9.5mm while in the control group, majority53.3% was 8-8.5mm, 33.3% was 6-
6.5mm, 13.3% was 9-9.5mm and none had 7-7.5mm of endotracheal tube.

With regard to frequency of suctioning, in experimental group, majority

53.3% had 2nd hourly, 46.6% had 4th hourly, 13.3% had 6th hourly and none had 8th
hourly while in the control group, majority 73.3% had for 4 th hourly, 20% had 6th
hourly, 6.6% had 2nd hourly and none had 8th hourly.

With regard to position during suctioning, in the experimental group,

majority 53.3% were of supine position and 46.6% were of semi-fowler’s position
while in the control group, majority 53.3% were of semi-fowler’s position and
46.6% were of supine position.

With regard to frequency of nebulization, in the experimental group,

majority 66.6% had for two times a day, 13.3% had one time a day, 20% had three
times a day and none had for four times a day while in the control group, majority
66.6% had two time a day, 33.3% had one time a day and none had for three times
and four times a day respectively.

With regard to type of tracheal secretion, in the experimental group, majority

(53.3%) had mild secretion, 46.6% had thicken secretion while in the control
group, majority (66.6% had thickened secretion, 33.3% had mild secretions and
none had clear secretion.

With regard to PIP, in the experimental group, majority(33.3%) had 26-

30mm H2O and 31-35 mm H2O respectively, 26.6% had 21-25mm H2O and 6.6%
had 15-20mm H2O while in the control group, majority (53%) had 26-30cm H2O,
33.3% had 21-25 cm H2O, 13.3% had 15-20cm H2O and none had 31-35cm H2O.
 With regard to tidal volume, in the experimental group, majority (40%) had
8.2-9.1 ml/kg, 33.3% had 9.2-10.1 ml/kg, 20% had 10.2-11.1 ml/kg and 6.6% had
7.1-8.1 ml/kg while in the control group, majority (53.3%) had 9.2-10.1ml/kg, 40%
had 8.2-9.1ml/kg, 6.6% had 7.1-8.1ml/kg and none had 10.2-11.1ml/kg.

With regard to PEEP, in the experimental group, majority (46.6%) had 6cm
H2O, 26.6% had 7cm H2O, 20% had 8cm H2O, 6.6% had 5cm H2O and none had
9cm H2O while in the control group, majority ((40%) had 6cm H 2O and 7cm H2O
respectively, 6.6% had 5cm H2O, 8cm H2O and 9cm H2O respectively.

With regard to FIO, in the experimental group, majority (46.6%) had 91-
100%, 40% had 81-90%, 13.3% had 71-80% and none had 61-70% while in the
control group, majority (46.6% had 91-100%, 26.6% had 81-90%, 13.3% had 71-
80% and 6.6% had 61-70%.
 87%
90.00%
80%

80.00%

70.00%

60.00%

50.00%
MEDICAL
SURGICAL
40.00% OTHERS

30.00%
20%

20.00% 13%

10.00%
0 0
0.00%
EXPERIMENTAL CONTROL GROUP
GROUP

Fig.10 Percentage distribution of patients connected to mechanical

ventilator according to type of diagnosis
 90.00% 86.60%

80.00%

70.00%

60.00% 53.30%

50.00% 46.60%
1-3 DAYS
4-6 DAYS
40.00% 7-9 DAYS
ABOVE 10 DAYS
30.00%

20.00%
13.30%

10.00%
0 0 0 0
0.00%
EXPERIMENTAL CONTROL GROUP
GROUP

Fig.11 Percentage distribution of patients connected to mechanical

ventilator according to no. of days on ventilation
 60%
53.30%

50% 46.60%

40%
33.30%

6-6.5MM
30% 7-7.5MM
8-8.5MM
20.00% 0.2 9-9.5MM
20%
13.30% 13.30%

10%

0
0%
EXPERIMENTAL GROUP CONTROL GROUP

Fig.12 Percentage distribution of patients connected to mechanical

ventilator according to size of endotracheal tube
 80.00%
73.30%

70.00%

60.00%
53.00%

50.00% 46.60%

2ND HOURLY
40.00% 4TH HOURLY
6TH HOURLY
8TH HOURLY
30.00%
20%
20.00%
13%

10.00% 6.60%

0 0
0.00%
EXPERIMENTAL CONTROL GROUP
GROUP

Fig.13 Percentage distribution of patients connected to mechanical

ventilator according to frequency of suctioning
 54.00% 53.30% 53.30%

52.00%

50.00%

48.00%
46.60% 46.60%
46.00%
SUPINE POSITION
SEMI-FOWLER POSITION
44.00%

42.00%
UP

UP
O

RO
GR

LG
L

RO
TA
EN

NT
M

CO
RI
PE
EX

Fig.14 Percentage distribution of patients connected to mechanical

ventilator according to position during suctioning
 70.00% 66.60% 66.60%

60.00%

50.00%

40.00% ONCE A DAY

33.30%
TWO TIMES A DAY
THREE TIMES A DAY
30.00% FOUR TIMES A DAY

0.2
20.00%
13.30%

10.00%

0 0 0
0.00%
EXPERIMENTAL GROUP CONTROL GROUP

Fig.15 Percentage distribution of patients connected to mechanical

ventilator according to frequency of nebulization
 66.60%
70.00%

60.00%
53.30%

46.60%
50.00%

40.00%
33.30%
THICKEN SECRETION
MILD SECRETION
30.00% CLEAR SECRETION

20.00%

10.00%

0 0
0.00%
EXPERIMENTAL CONTROL GROUP
GROUP

Fig.16 Percentage distribution of patients connected to mechanical

ventilator according to type of tracheal secretion
 60.00%
53%

50.00%

40.00%
33% 0.33 33.30%
15-20cm H2O
30.00% 26.60% 21-25cm H20
26-30cm H2O
31-35cm H20
20.00%
13.30%

10.00% 6.60%

0
0.00%
EXPERIMENTAL CONTROL GROUP
GROUP

Fig.17 Percentage distribution of patients connected to mechanical

ventilator according to Peak Inspiratory Pressure
 60.00%
53.30%

50.00%

40% 40%
40.00%
33.30%
7.1-8.1 ml/kg
30.00% 8.2-9.1ml/kg
9.2-10.1ml/kg
0.2 10.2-11.1ml/kg
20.00%

10.00% 6.60% 6.60%

0
0.00%
EXPERIMENTAL CONTROL GROUP
GROUP

Fig.18 Percentage distribution of patients connected to mechanical

ventilator according to Tidal Volume
 50.00% 47%

45.00%
40% 40%
40.00%

35.00%

30.00% 27%
5cm H20
25.00% 6cm H20
20.00% 7cm H20
8cm H20
20.00% 9cm H20

15.00%

10.00% 6.60% 6.60% 6.60%6.60%

5.00%
0.00%
0.00%
EXPERIMENTAL CONTROL GROUP
GROUP

Fig.19 Percentage distribution of patients connected to mechanical

ventilator according to PEEP
 0.5 46.60% 46.60%

0.45
40.00%
0.4

0.35

0.3 26.60%
61-70%
0.25 71-80%
81-90%
0.2 91-100%

13.30% 13.30%
0.15

0.1 6.60%

0.05
0.00%
0
EXPERIMENTAL GROUP CONTROL GROUP

Fig.20 Percentage distribution of patients connected to mechanical

ventilator according to Fraction of Inspirated Oxygen

SECTION-B

Distribution of the scores of patients connected to mechanical ventilator

TABLE-3
 Frequency and percentage distribution of the pre-interventional and post-
interventional arterial blood gas analysis scores among patients connected to
mechanical ventilator

N=30

S.No Arterial blood gas Experimental Group Control Group

. analysis Score
Pre Post Pre Post
F % F % F % F %

1. Normal (0) 0 0 5 33.3 0 0 0 0

2. Mild (1-3) 1 6.6 9 60 4 26.6 2 13.3

3. Moderate (4-6) 5 33.3 1 6.6 10 66.6 5 33.3

4. Severe (7-10) 9 60 0 0 1 6.6 8 53.3

Table-3 shows that in the experimental group, in the pre-intervention,

majority (60%) had severe score, 33.3% had moderate score, 6.6% had mild score
and none had normal score while in post intervention, majority (60%) had mild
score, 33.3% had normal score, 6.6% had moderate score and none had severe
score.

In the control group, in the pre-intervention, majority (66.6%) had moderate

score, 26.6% had mild score, 6.6 had severe score and none had normal score
while in the post intervention, majority(53.3%) had severe score, 33.3% had
moderate score, 13.3% had mild score and none had normal score.

TABLE-4

Frequency and percentage distribution of the pre-interventional and post-

interventional airway clearance scores among patients connected to mechanical
ventilator
 N=30

S.
No. Airway clearance Score Experimental Group Control Group
Pre Post Pre Post
F % F % F % F %

1. Well cleared (1-5) 0 0 3 20 0 0 0 0

2. Moderately cleared (6-10) 4 26.6 10 66.6 7 46.6 3 20

3. Minimally cleared (11-15) 9 60 2 13.3 8 53.3 11 73.3

4. Very minimally cleared (16-20) 2 13.3 0 0 0 0 1 6.6

Table-4 shows that in the experimental group, in the pre-intervention,

majority(60%) had minimally cleared score, 26.6% had moderately cleared score,
13.3% had very minimal cleared score and none had well cleared score while in the
post intervention, majority(66.6%) had moderately cleared score, 20% had well
cleared score, 13.3% had minimally cleared and none had very minimal cleared
score.

In the control group, in the pre-intervention, majority (53.3%) had minimally

cleared score, 46.6% had moderately cleared score and none had well cleared and
very minimally cleared score respectively while in the post-intervention,
majority(73.3%) had minimally cleared score, 20% had moderately cleared score,
6.6% had very minimally cleared score and none had well cleared score.
 TABLE-5

Frequency and percentage distribution of the pre-interventional and post-

interventional clinical pulmonary infection scores among patients connected to
mechanical ventilator

N=30

S. Clinical pulmonary Experimental Group Control Group

No. infection Score Pre Post Pre Post
F % F % F % F %

1. Absence of VAP (0-7) 15 100 14 93.3 15 100 6 40

2. Presence of VAP (7-14) 0 0 1 6.6 0 0 9 60

Table-5 shows that in the experimental group, in the pre-intervention,

majority (100%) had no VAP and none had VAP while in the post intervention,
majority (93.3%) had absence of VAP and 6.6% had presence of VAP.

In the control group, in the pre-intervention, majority (60%) had VAP while
40% did not have VAP.

SECTION-C

Comparison of the pre-interventional and post-interventional scores of patients

connected to mechanical ventilator

TABLE-6

Mean, standard deviation and paired‘t’ test of the patients connected to mechanical
ventilator in the experimental group

N=15
 paired ‘t’
s.no Item Pre Post test
M SD M SD
. p=0.05
df=14

1. Arterial blood gas analysis 6.8 1.27 1.6 1.53 11

2. Airway clearance 12.6 2.67 8 2.44 7..3

3. Clinical pulmonary infection 4.6 1.77 2.6 3.27 4.79

Table-6 shows that the pre-intervention mean score of arterial blood gas
analysis is 6.8 with a standard deviation of 1.27, mean score of airway clearance is
12.6 with a standard deviation of 2.67 and mean score of clinical pulmonary
infection is 4.6 with a standard deviation of 1.77 while in the post-intervention
mean score of arterial blood gas analysis is 1.6 with a standard deviation of 1.53,
mean score of airway clearance is 8 with a standard deviation of 2.44 and mean
score of clinical pulmonary infection score is 2.6 with a standard deviation of 3.27.

The calculated paired‘t’ of arterial blood gas analysis is 11 which was found
significant at 0.05 level of significance. The calculated paired‘t’ of airway
clearance is 7.3 which was found significant at 0.05 level of significance. The
calculated paired‘t’ of clinical pulmonary infection is 4.79 which was found
significant at 0.05 level of significance. Hence, the researcher accepted the H1.

This indicates that the hypertonic saline nebulized suctioning on airway

clearance and prevention of ventilator associated pneumonia [VAP] among
patients connected to mechanical ventilator in medical and surgical intensive care
units was found to be effective.

TABLE-7

Mean, standard deviation and paired‘t’ test of the patients connected to mechanical
ventilator in the control group

N=15

paired ‘t’
s.no Item Pre Post test
M SD M SD
. p=0.05
df=14
 1. Arterial blood gas analysis 4.46 1.66 6.6 2.07 2.13
scale

2. Airway clearance 10.8 1.75 12.4 2.84 1.70

3. Clinical pulmonary infection 5.46 1.14 7.53 3.55 1.89

score

Table-7 shows that the pre-intervention mean score of arterial blood gas
analysis is 4.46 with a standard deviation of 1.66, airway clearance mean score is
10.8 with a standard deviation of 1.75 and clinical pulmonary infection mean score
is 5.46 with a standard deviation of 1.14 while in the post intervention mean score
of arterial blood gas analysis is 2.07 with a standard deviation of 2.13, airway
clearance mean score is 2.84 with a standard deviation of 2.49 and clinical
pulmonary infection mean score is 7.53 with a standard deviation of 1.89.

The calculated paired‘t’ test was 2.13 for arterial blood gas analysis scale
which was found non-significant at 0.05 level of significance which indicates that
normal saline was ineffective in improving arterial blood gas.

The calculated paired‘t’ test was 1.70 for airway clearance which was found
non-significant at 0.05 level of significance which indicates that normal saline was
ineffective in improving airway clearance.

The calculated paired‘t’ test was 1.89 for clinical pulmonary infection score
which was found non-significant at 0.05 level of significance which indicates that
normal saline is ineffective in preventing ventilator associated pneumonia..
 SECTION-D

Association between the post-interventional scores of the patients connected to

mechanical ventilator with their selected variables.

TABLE-8

Chi-square association between the post-interventional scores of the patients

connected to mechanical ventilator in experimental group with their selected socio
demographic data

N=15

Chi-Square (χ2)
P=0.05
S.No. Socio Demographic Data Arterial Airway Clinical
Blood Gas Clearance Pulmonary
analysis Infection
1. Age
a) 21 – 30 years 2.80NS 10.6NS 4.29NS
b) 31 – 40 years DF=6 DF=6 DF=3
c) 41 – 50 years TV=12.59 TV=12.59 TV=7.82
d) 51 – 60 years
2. Gender 1.40NS 2.55NS 0.53NS
a) Male DF=2 DF=2 DF=1
b) Female TV=5.99 TV=5.99 TV=3.84
3. History of Smoking
a) Non smoking 17.4S 12.0NS 15S
b) 1 – 5 years DF=6 DF=6 DF=3
c) 6 – 10 years TV=12.59 TV=12.59 TV=7.82
d) 11 – 15 years
e) Above 15 years
4. Duration of Admission in 7.38NS 3.53NS 2.14NS
Hospital DF=6 DF=6 DF=3
a) 1 – 3 days TV=12.59 TV=12.59 TV=7.82
b) 4 – 6 days
c) 7 – 9 days
d) Above 10 days.
5. History of Respiratory Illness 1.40NS 1.20NS 0.53NS
a) Yes DF=2 DF=2 DF=1
b) No TV=5.99 TV=5.99 TV=3.84
6. If yes, how long you are
 suffering with respiratory 6.92NS 5.00NS 0.74
illness? DF=4 DF=4 DF=2
a) < 1 year TV=9.49 TV=9.49 TV=5.99
b) 1-3 years
c) 4-6 years
d) 7 years and above

S- Significant, NS-Non-Significant, DF= Degree of Freedom, TV=table value

TABLE-8 shows that among the socio demographic data, the history of
smoking (17.4S ) was found significant at 0.05 level of significance with the post
interventional arterial blood gas analysis while rest of the variables were found
non-significant.

In relation to association between the post interventional airway clearance

and socio demographic data,none of them was found significant at 0.05 level of
significance.

In relation to association between the post interventional clinical pulmonary

infection with socio demographic data, history of smoking (χ 2= 15S ) was found to
be significant at 0.05 level of significance while rest of the variables were found
non-significant.

Hence, the researcher accepted H2.

 TABLE-9

Chi-square association between the post-interventional scores of the patients

connected to mechanical ventilator in experimental group with their selected
clinical data

N=15

Chi-Square(χ2)
P=0.05
Arterial Airway Clinical
S.No. Clinical Data
Blood Gas Clearance Pulmonary
analysis Infection
1. Type of Diagnosis 1.54NS 1.15NS
0.16NS
a) Medical DF=2 DF=2 DF=1
b) Surgical TV=5.99 TV=5.99 TV=3.84
 c) others
2. No of days on ventilation: 5.17NS 3.41NS 0.93NS
a) 1 – 3 days DF=2 DF=2 DF=1
b) 4 – 6 days TV=5.99 TV=5.99 TV=3.84
c) 7 – 9 days
d) Above 10 days
3. Size of the endotracheal tube 1.44NS 8.23NS 1.22NS
a) 6-6.5 mm DF=6 DF=6 DF=3
b) 7-7.5 mm TV=12.59 TV=12.59 TV=7.82
c) 8-8.5 mm
d) 9-9.5mm

4. Frequency of Suctioning: 3.07NS 5.45NS 2.14NS

a) 2nd hourly DF=4 DF=4 DF=2
b) 4th hourly TV=9.49 T=9.49 TV=5.99
c) 6th hourly
d) 8th hourly
5. Patient position during 1.25NS 0.268NS 0.53NS
suctioning: DF=2 DF=2 DF=1
a) Supine position TV=5.99 TV=5.99 TV=3.84
b) Semi – fowlers’ position
6. Frequency of nebulization: 5.41NS 3.15NS 0.39NS
a) Once a day. DF=4 DF=4 DF=2
b) Two times a day. TV=9.49 TV=9.49 TV=5.99
c) Three times a day
d) Four times a day.
7. Type of tracheal secretion 0.74NS 2.68NS 1.22NS
 a) Thicken secretion. DF=2 DF=2 DF=1
b) Mild Secretion. TV=5.99 T=5.99 TV=3.84
c) Clear secretion.
8. Peak Inspiratory Pressure 13.6S 11.7NS 2.14NS
(PIP) DF=6 DF=6 DF=3
a) 15-20cm H2O TV=12.59 TV=12.59 TV=7.82
b) 21-25cm H2O
c) 26-30 cm H2O
d) 31-35cm H2O

9. Tidal Volume (TV) 11.4NS 7.63NS 1.61NS

a) 7.1 - 8.1 ml/kg DF=6 DF=6 DF=3
b) 8.2 - 9.1 ml/kg TV=12.59 TV=12.56 TV=7.82
c) 9.2 - 10.1 ml/kg
d) 10.2 - 11.1 ml /kg
10. Positive End Respiratory 5.96NS 1.01NS 2.95NS
Pressure (PEEP) DF=4 DF=4 DF=3
a) 5cm H2O TV=9.49 TV=9.49 TV=7.82
b) 6 cm H2O
c) 7 cm H2O
d) 8 cm H2O
e) 9 cm H2O
11. Fraction of Inspirited Oxygen 7.00NS 3.11NS 1.61NS
(FIO2) DF=4 DF=4 DF=2
a) 61 – 70% TV=9.49 TV=9.49 TV=5.99
b) 71 – 80%
 c) 81 – 90%
d) 91 – 100%
S- Significant, NS-Non-Significant, DF= Degree of Freedom, TV=table value

TABLE-9 shows that in relation to post interventional arterial blood gas

analysis Peak Inspiratory Pressure (χ2=13.6S) is found significant at 0.05 level of
significance while rest of the variables were found non-significant.

In relation to association between post interventional airway clearance and

clinical data, none of them was found significant at 0.05 level of significance.

In relation to association between post interventional clinical pulmonary

infection and clinical data, none of them was found significant at 0.05 level of
significance.

Hence, the researcher accepted the H2.