Computer System Overview

Hardware Physical electronic Components

Software Recorded instructions and programs
IPO Input, process and output
ALU Arithmetic and Logical Unit
CU Control Unit Professor
RAM Random Access Memory- Temporary/Volatile Keyword
ROM Read Only Memory-Permanent/Non Volatile Krishna’s
DRAM Dynamic RAM
SRAM Static RAM
PROM Programmable Read Only Memory
EPROM Erasable Programmable Read Only Memory
EEPROM Electrically Erasable PROM
SOC System On Chip
APU Applications Processing Unit
GPU Graphics Processing Unit
DAC Digital to Analog Converter
ADC Analog to Digital Converter
System Software Controls internal computer operations
Operating System Acts as an interface between a user and the hardware
Language Processor Translate the source code into an object code
Application Software Set of programs necessary to carry out operations
Utilities Assist the computer
Business Software Software created according to a business requirements
Software Libraries Predefined and available to use
Insight into Program Execution
Source Code Original code written in a programming language
Machine Code/Object Code Code converted into machine understandable form
Compiler Converts the whole program in binary executable form
Interpreter Line by line conversion
Analysis Phase Identifies the tokens and creates a symbol table
Synthesis Phase Parses the source code and generated syntax tree
Linking/Linker Linking of libraries
Loader Loads the computer executable module into memory for execution
Process Executing Entity
Throughput No.of.Jobs Completed/Time Taken
PCB Process Control Block – information to track a process
Registers Temporarily hold data for CPU
Instruction Cycle Fetch-decode-execute Cycle
Interrupt Signal generated by hardware or software
Parallel Computing Simultaneous working of multiple processors to solve a computational problem
Threading Dividing a program into independent units
Cloud Computing Storing, accessing data and programs over the internet
Relational Databases
Database Collection of Interrelated data
DBMS A software responsible for storing, maintaining and utilizing databases
Data Redundancy Duplication of Data
Tuple Rows
Attributes Columns
Degree Number of Rows
Cardinality Number of Columns
Views Virtual Table
Primary Key One/more attributes uniquely identify tuples
Candidate Key Candidates for the primary key position
Alternate Key Candidate key that is not the primary key
Foreign Key Non-key attribute whose values are derived from the primary key of another table
Referential Integrity Rules that a DBMS uses to ensure that users don’t accidentally delete or change data
Data Dictionary A file that contains “MetaData”
MetaData Data about the data