BIO ENERGY

ABSTRACT
The project was done to find out, understand and learn more about Bio energy. Through the
project i came to know about the process of production of bio energy, what bio energy is
used for, where and how bio energy is produced, how the production of bio energy affects
the indian economy

ACKNOWLEDGEMENT
I take this opportunity to thank the management of our school Vidyashilp Academy for giving
me an opportunity to undertake this research study in the form of the titled “Renewable
Sources of Energy in India ”I would like to express my deepest gratitude to my teacher Arjun
Das for all the guidance and continued encouragement and support given throughout this
study. I would like to thank our Head of the school Mrs. KalaiSelvi for always giving us the
required support in academic matters whenever required. Last but not the least I would like
to thank and express my regards to my family and all friends for their exclusive contribution
without which the project would not have been completed efficiently.
Amartya Rajiv Gowda
10891

TABLE OF CONTENTS

SL NO Topic Page No

INTRODUCTION
Bioenergy refers to the electricity and gas that is generated from organic matter which is
materials derived from biological sources known as biomass. The recently living organic
materials which include Crop wastes, Forest residues, Purpose-grown grasses, Woody
energy crops, Microalgae, Urban wood waste, Food waste, these materials can be
transformed into biogas or biomass. Biogas is obtained by the decay of organism matter, in
gobar gas plants. Biomass is a source of production energy from burning of pits, chaffs,
forest slash, and remains of plants and trees.In a direct combustion system, biomass is
burned in a combustor or furnace to generate hot gas, which is fed into a boiler to generate
steam, which is expanded through a steam turbine or steam engine to produce mechanical
or electrical energy.
The process of converting biomass into energy is simple the biomass which can catch fire
easily is lit and made to heat water, in the high temperature the water turns into steam and
due to the high pressure the steam rotates a turbine, which in turn powers a generator into
producing electricity.

CORE TOPIC-1

History of energy source in India-

The first biomass Based power plant came up in Orchha district of madhya pradesh in 1999
and was based on Ipomoea as 100% feedstock, this project was taken up by Decentralised
Energy Systems India Private Ltd.(DESI)

Different types energy production-

There is more than one form of bioenergy, the energy production is in various forms.
Biopower can be generated through combustion or gasification of dry biomass or biogas
(methane) captured through controlled anaerobic digestion. Cofiring of biomass and fossil
fuels (usually coal) is a low-cost means of reducing greenhouse gas emissions, improving
cost-effectiveness, and reducing air pollutants in existing power plants. Thermal energy
(heating and cooling) is often produced at the scale of the individual building, through direct
combustion of wood pellets, wood chips, and other sources of dry biomass.
Biofuels; A number of transportation fuels can be produced from biomass, helping to
alleviate demand for petroleum products and improve the greenhouse gas emissions profile
of the transportation sector. Ethanol from corn and sugarcane, and biodiesel from soy,
rapeseed, and oil palm dominate the current market for biofuels, but a number of companies
are moving forward aggressively to develop and market a number of advanced
second-generation biofuels made from non-food feedstocks, such as municipal waste, algae,
perennial grasses, and wood chips.

Major Companies involved in the energy source production(Foreign and Indian)-

Table of companies in India involved in Bioenergy / Biofuel activities

Major power plants, their capacity and locations-

Some of the Indian states leading the pack in establishing biomass-based power projects
are Karnataka, Andhra Pradesh, and Maharashtra. Only Uttar Pradesh has utilized large part
of the biomass potential in north Indian States and that is mainly due to the sugarcane
industry and the co-generation power plants.
List of Biomass Projects in India – Growing Fast
Share of the power source to other renewable sources in India-

Bioenergy takes up only 3% of the total renewable sources in india.(2017-2018)

Future Prospects of the energy source-

Biomass-
Biomass Bagasse Co-generation Projects- has funds 25 lakhs allocated.
Biomass (Non-Bagasse) Co-generation projects- has funds 50 lakhs allocated.

Biogas-
New National Biogas and Organic Manure Programme (NNBOMP), for Biogas Plant size
ranging from 1 cu.m. to 25 cu.m. per day.
Biogas Power Generation (Off-grid) and Thermal energy application Programme (BPGTP),
for setting up biogas plants in the size range of 30 m3 to 2500 m3 per day, for
corresponding power generation capacity range of 3 kW to 250 kW from biogas or raw
biogas for thermal energy /cooling applications.

CORETOPIC-2

Employment Generation-

biomass pellets-based power projects will generate employment of more than 5 million
person-months in the construction of biomass power plants and over 200,000 full-time
employments in the operation of BPBP plants and in the production of biomass pellets.For
2030/31, it is expected that the biomass pelletAdditional employment will be generated
during the construction of biomass power plants. A 10 MW biomass power project can
generate employment for approximately 100 workers during the 18-month construction
phase, 25 full-time workers for the operation of the facility, and 35 workers for the collection,
processing, and transportation of biomass material, as per MNRE estimates industry will
create over 260,000 full-time employments in rural areas.

Utilization of energy source in Agriculture/Industry/Households-

Currently, about 32% of total primary energy used in India is derived from Biomass. More
than 70% of the country's population depends upon biomass for its energy needs. India has
~5+ GW capacity biomass powered plants: 83% are grid connected while the remaining 17%
are off-grid plants.

The biogas is released from a fermentation process in which waste is digested by microbes
to produce methane gas. This process can take part in large plants or in domestic gobar gas
plants, from which the gas is used to heat water for taking bath as well as to power a
cooking stove.

Learning’s and Findings

During the course of this project I have learnt about the History of energy source in India,
Different types energy production, Major Companies involved in the energy source
production(Foreign and Indian), Major power plants, their capacity and locations, Share of
the power source to other renewable sources in India, Future Prospects of the energy
source, Utilization of energy source and the employment generation. It helped me
understand the effect of various renewable sources of energy on the economy of india.

Conclusion
Bioenergy is a renewable energy source which can be obtained by either the burning of
biomass or the anaerobic digestion of biomass which forms methane gas which can be used
as biogas.

Bibliography
Mnre.gov.in
Wikipedia
Youtube
Indiamart.com
Eesi.org
Energy.gov
Economics textbook