BUILDING TECHNOLOGY

LAYOUT AND EXCAVATION

____________1.-AN INSTRUMENT OR TOOL CAPABLE OF VERTICAL AND
HORIZONTAL LINE CHECK
____________2.-IT’S USES FOR VERTICAL LINE CHECK.
____________3.-A METHOD OF LEVELLING (HORIZONTAL) BATTERBOARDS
WITHOUT TRANSIT.
____________4.-A MANUAL METHOD OF SQUARING THE CORNERS OF BUILDING
LINES IN BUILDING LAYOUT.
____________5.-A BARRIER FORMED TO PREVENT THE MOVEMENT OF SOIL TO
STABILIZE FOUNDATION.
LAYOUT AND EXCAVATIONS
____________6.-WHICH MEANS THE PROCESS OF RELOCATING THE POINT OF
BOUNDARIES AND PROPERTY LINE OF THE SITE WHERE THE
BUILDING IS TO BE CONSTRUCTED.
___________7.- ARE WOODEN STICKS USED AS POSTS SHARPENED AT ONE END
DRIVEN INTO THE GROUND TO SERVE AS BOUNDARIES OR
SUPPORTS OF THE BATTER BOARDS.
___________8.- WOOD STICK OR BOARD NAILED HORIZONTAL PLANE WHERE THE
STEAK REFERENCE POINT OF THE BUILDING MEASUREMENTS ARE
ESTABLISHED.
___________9.- IS EITHER PLASTIC CHORD OR GALVANIZED WIRE ACROSS THE
BUILDING WALL AND FOUNDATION.
FOUNDATION AND FOOTING
__________10- ONE OF THE MAJOR PARTS OF THE BLDG. FOUNDATION WHICH IS
THE ABOVE GROUND PORTION OF THE BLDG.
__________11-ONE OF THE MAJOR PARTS OF THE BLDG. FOUNDATION WHICH IS
THE HABITABLE BELOW-GROUND PORTION
__________12.-ONE OF THE MAJOR PARTS OF THE BLDG. WHICH ARE
COMPONENTS TRANSFER ITS LOAD INTO THE SOIL.
__________13- A TYPE OF FOUNDATION THAT TRANSFER THE LOAD AT A POINT
FAR BELOW THE SUBSTRUCTURE.
__________14-A TYPE OF FOUNDATION THAT TRANSFER THE LOAD TO THE
EARTH
AT THE BASE O F THE COLUMN OR WALL OF THE SUBSTRUCTURE.
__________15- IS THAT PORTION OF THE STRUCTURAL ELEMENTS THAT CARRY
OR SUPPORT THE SUPERSRTRUCTURE OF THE BUILDING.
__________16- IS THAT PORTION OF THE FOUNDATION OF THE STRUCTURE WHICH
DIRECTLY TRANSMIT THE COLUMN LOAD TO THE UNDERLYING
SOIL OR ROCK, FOOTING IS THE LOWER PORTION OF THE
FOUNDATION STRUCTURE.
__________17- REFERS TO THE SOIL OR ROCK DIRECTLY BENEATH THE FOOTING.
__________18- WHEN A FOUNDATION BED IS TOO WEAK TO SUPPORT A RAFT
FOOTING, THERE IS AN URGENT NEED TO PROVIDE A SUITABLE
MATERIALS WHERE TO TRANSFER THE EXCESS LOAD TO A
GREATER DEPTH WHEREIN PILES IS THE ANSWER.
__________19-IS A STRUCTURAL MEMBER OF SMALL CROSS-SECTIONAL AREA
WITH REASONABLE LENGTH DRIVEN DOWN THE GROUND BY
MEANS OF HAMMERS OR VIBRATORY GENERATOR.
__________20- DISTRIBUTES THE LOAD OF THE COLUMN OR WALL
 EQUALLY AMONG THE PILES.
__________21- IS SIMILAR TO A COLUMN FOOTING IN THAT IT SPREADS THE LOAD
FROM A COLUMN OVER A LARGE ENOUGH AREA OF SOIL.
__________22- THAT PART OF THE BUILDING FOUNDATION WHICH FORMS THE
PERMANENT RETAINING WALL OF THE STRUCTURE BELOW
GRADE.
__________23- THAT PART OF A FOUNDATION SYSTEM W/C SUPPORTS THE
EXTERIOR WALL OF THE SUPERSTRUCTURE AND BEARS DIRECTLY
ON THE COLUMN FOOTING.
__________24- A WALL OR LATERALLY BRACED, THAT BEARS AGAINST AN
EARTH OR OTHER FILL SURFACE AND RESIST’S LATERAL AND
OTHER FORCES.
__________25- A REINFORCED CONCRETE WALL WHICH RESIST OVERTURNING BY
THE USE OF CANTILEVER FOOTING.
__________26- A MASSIVE CONCRETE WALL THAT RESIST OVERTURNING BY
VIRTUE OF IT’S OWN WEIGHT.
__________27- A WALL CAPABLE OF SUPPORTING AN IMPOSED LOAD
__________28- IS A STRIP REINFORCED CONCRETE WIDER THAN THE WALL
WHICH
DISTRIBUTES THE LOAD TO THE SOIL.
__________29- IS A KIND OF FOOTING REPRESENTS THE SIMPLEST AND MOST
ECONOMICAL TYPE,
__________30- IS USED WHEN TWO OR MORE COLUMNS ARE SPACED CLOSELY TO
EACH OTHER THAT THEIR FOOTING WILL ALMOST OR COMPLETELY
MERGE
__________31- IS SOMETIMES CLASSIFIED AS WALL FOOTING WHICH SUPPORT
SEVERAL COLUMNS IN A ROW.
__________32- IT’S OCCUPIES THE ENTIRE AREA BENEATH THE STRUCTURE AND
CARRY THE WALL AND THE COLUMN LOADS.
CONCRETE
__________33- IS AN ARTIFICIAL STONE MADE OUT FORM THE MIXTURE OF
CEMENT, SAND, GRAVEL AND WATER.
__________34- A READY MEANS OF DETERMINING THE CONSISTENCY OF
FRESHLY MIXED CONCRETE.
__________35- ACCELERATES OR RETARDS CONCRETE SETTING
POST AND COLUMN
__________36- REFERS TO A PIECE OF TIMBER OF CYLINDRICAL, SQUARE OR
OTHER GEOMETRICAL CROSS SECTION PLACED VERTICALLY TO
SUPPORT A BUILDING.
__________37- REFERS TO VERTICAL STRUCTURE USE TO SUPPORT A BUILDING
MADE OF STONE, CONCRETE, STEEL OR COMBINATION OF THE
ABOVE MATERIALS.
__________38- IS THE SPACE IN A BUILDING BETWEEN FLOOR LEVELS OR
BETWEEN A FLOOR AND A ROOF ABOVE.
__________39- WHEN THE UNSUPPORTED HEIGHT IS NOT GREATER THAN TEN
TIMES THE SHORTEST LATERAL DIMENSION OF THE CROSS
SECTION.
__________40- WHEN THE UNSUPPORTED HEIGHT IS MORE THAN TEN TIMES THE
SHORT LATERAL DIMENSIONOF THE CROSS SECTION.
TYPES OF COLUMNS
___________42- HAS REINFORCEMENT CONSISTING OF VERTICAL OR
LONGITUDINAL BARS HELD IN POSITION BY LATERAL
REINFORCEMENT.
___________43- IS THE TERM GIVEN WHERE A CIRCULAR CONCRETE CORE IN
ENCLOSED BY SPIRALS WITH VERTICAL OR LONGITUDINAL BARS.
___________44- WHERE STRUCTURAL STEEL COLUMN IS EMBEDDED INTO THE
CONCRETE CORE OF A SPIRAL COLUMN.
__________45- WITH STRUCTURAL STEEL COLUMN ENCASED IN CONCRETE OF AT
LEAST 7 CM. THK. REINFORCED WITH WIRE MESS SURROUNDING
COLUMN AT A DISTANCE OF 3 CM. INSIDE THE OUTER SURFACE
OF THE CONCRETE COVERING.
___________46- IS A FABRICATED STEEL PIPE PROVIDED WITH A FLAT STEEL
BARS OR PLATE WHICH HOLD A GRIDDER, GIRTS OR BEAM. THE
STEEL PIPE IS SOMETIMES FILLED WITH GROUT OR CONCRETE
FOR CORROSION.
METAL REINFORCEMENT
___________47- IS A COMBINATION OF CONCRETE AND STEEL.
___________48- IS STRONG IN SUPPORTING COMPRESSION LOAD BUT WEAK
RESISTING TENSION FORCES.
___________49- POSSESSES THE STRENGTH TO RESIST BOTH COMPRESSION AND
TENSION.
___________50-WHEN THE AREA OF THE CONCRETE AND STEEL ARE JUST
ENOUGH TO CARRY THE COMPRESSION AND TENSION FORCES
SIMULTANEOUSLY.
___________51-REFER TO THE PORTION OF A BEAM WHERE BENDING MOMENT
CHANGES FROM POSITIVE TO NEGATIVE.
___________52-WHEN THE BARS ARE NOT BENT, AN ADDITIONAL STRAIGHT
REINFORCING BARS ARE PLACED ON THE TOP OF THE BEAM
ACROSS THE SUPPORTS EXTENDED TO THE REQUIRED LENGTH.
__________-53 ARE BENT UP ON OR NEAR THE INFLECTION POINT AND ARE
EXTENDED AT THE TOP OF THE BEAM ACROSS THE SUPPORT
TOWARDS THE ADJACENT SPAN.
__________-54 ALLOWANCE PROTECTIVE COVERING OF STEEL BARS FROM THE
OUTSIDE OF THE REINFORCEMENT.
WOOD STRUCTURE
___________55- A SHORT FLAT PIECE OF LUMBER WHICH IS BOLTED, NAILED OR
SCREWED TO TWO BUTTING PIECES IN ORDER TO SPLICE THEM
TOGETHER.
___________56- A WOOD OR METAL PIECE USED TO FASTEN TOGETHER THE ENDS
OF TWO MEMBERS WITH NAILS OR BOLTS.
___________57-A METAL PLATE USED FOR FASTENING TWO OR MORE MEMBER
TOGETHER
___________58-A CARPENTRY JOINT BY TWO UNEVEN TIMBERS, EACH OF WHICH
NOTCHED AT THE PLACE WHERE THEY MEET.
___________59- JOINING OF TIMBERS, USUALLY MEETING OR CROSSING AT RIGHT
ANGLES, BY CUTTING A DAP IN ONE OR BOTH PIECES.
___________60- A JOINT CONNECTING TWO WOOD MEMBERS WHICH CROSS EACH
OTHER, HALF THE THICKNESS OF EACH IS CUT SO THAT THE
THICKNESS WILL THE SAME AS THAT OF EACH MEMBER.
___________61- A TYPE OF HALF LAPPED USED TO RESIST TENSION
___________62- A JOINT IN WHICH TWO TONGUES PROJECT FROM THE SIDES OF
THE TENONED MEMBER, THESE TONGUES FIT INTO
CORRESPONDING \SLOTS IN THE MORTISED MEMBER.
___________63- THE PROJECTING END OF A PIECE OF WOOD, OR OTHER
MATERIALS WHICH IS REDUCED IN CROSS SECTION, SO THAT IT
MAY BE INSERTED IN A CORRESPONDING CAVITY IN ANOTHER
PIECE IN ORDER TO FORM A SECURE JOINT.
___________64- LUMBER PREFERRED WHEN IN CONTACT WITH CONCRETE.
___________65- THE VOLUME OF A PIECE OF WOOD ONE INCH THICK, ONE FOOT
WIDE AND ONE FOOT LONG.
___________66- TREATMENT IN WOLMANIZED LUMBER.
___________67- A NOTCH IN A TIMBER FOR RECEIVING ANOTHER TIMBER.
___________68- A RECTANGULAR GROOVE CUT ACROSS THE FULL WIDTH OF A
PIECE OF WOOD TO RECEIVE THE END OF ANOTHER PIECE.
___________69- TRADE NAME FOR ANTI-TERMITE SURFACE APPLICATION ON
WOOD.
FLOOR STRUCTURE
____________70- REFERS TO THE MOVABLE LOADS IMPOSED ON THE FLOOR
____________71- REFERS TO THE STATIC LOAD SUCH AS THE WEIGHT OF THE
CONSTRUCTION MATERIALS WHICH GENERALLY CARRY THE
LIVE
LOAD.
____________72- THE CHOICE FROM THE VARIOUS CONSTRUCTION MATERIALS
SUCH AS LUMBER, CONCRETE, AND STEEL.
____________73- DEPEND UPON ITS STRENGTH AND CAPABILITY TO CARRY THE
LOAD AT CERTAIN SPACING.
___________74- PERTAINS TO THE DISTANCES BETWEEN THE POSTS, COLUMNS OR
SUPPORTING WALLS.
___________75- IS A PRINCIPAL BEAM EXTENDING FROM WALL TO WALL OF A
BUILDING SUPPORTING THE FLOOR JOISTS OF FLOOR BEAMS.
___________76- THAT PART OF THE SIDE OF THE HOUSE THAT RESTS
HORIZONTALLY UPON THE FOUNDATION.
___________77- ARE THOSE PARTS OF THE FLOOR SYSTEM PLACED ON THE
GRIDERS WHERE THE FLOOR BOARDS ARE FASTENED.
___________78- HEADER IS A SHORT TRANSVERSE JOIST THAT SUPPORT THE END
OF THE CUT-OFF JOIST AT A STAIR WELL HOLE.
___________79- THE TONGUE AND GROOVE WHICH ARE POPULARLY KNOWN AS
T & G IS GENERALLY SPECIFIED FOR WOOD FLOORING.
___________80- A SHORT BEAM, JOIST OF RAFTER WHICH IS SUPPORTED BY A
HEADER JOIST AT ONE END AND A WALL AT THE OTHER.
___________81-A STRIP OF LUMBER WHICH IS NAILED TO THE SIDE OF THE
BEAM, FORMING A SEAT FOR THE JOIST.
___________82- IS A PIECE OF LUMBER USES TO DRESS UP THE EDGE OF THE OF
JOISTS.
___________83- A HORIZONTAL TIMBER, AT WHICH SERVES AS A BASE FOR THE
STUDS IN A STUD PARTITION.
___________84- A HORIZONTAL TIMBER, AT THE BOTTOM OF THE FRAME OF
AWOOD STRUCTURE WHICH REST ON THE FOUNDATION.
___________85- A HORIZONTAL TIMBER AT THE UPPER PORTION OF THE STUDS
 IN A STUD PARTITION
___________86- IN A BUILDING FRAME, A STRUCTURAL ELEMENT THAT IS
SHORTER THAN USUAL, AS A STUD ABOVE AND BELOW
OPENING.
___________87- SHORT MEMBERS WHICH ARE FIXED VERTICALLY BETWEEN
FLOOR JOISTS TO STIFFEN THE JOISTS.
___________88- DIAGONAL BRACING IN PAIRS, BETWEEN ADJACENT FLOOR
JOISTS TO PREVENT THE JOISTS FROM TWISTING.
___________89- A METAL SEAT, ATTACHED TO A GIRDER TO RECEIVE AND
SUPPORT A JOIST.
___________90-CONSTRUCTION HAS STUDS CONTINOUS TO ROOF SUPPORTING
SECOND FLOOR JOISTS.
___________91- THAT HAS SUBFLOOR EXTENDED TO THE OUTER EDGE OF THE
FRAME AND PROVIDE A FLAT WORK SURFACE AT EACH FLOOR.
REINFORCED CONCRETE FLOOR SYSTEM
____________92- IS A STRUCTURAL MEMBER THAT SUPPORTS THE TRANSVERSE
LOAD WHICH IS USUALLY REST ON SUPPORTS AT ITS END.
____________93- IS THE TERM APPLIED TO A BEAM THAT SUPPORTS ONE OR MORE
SMALLER BEAM.
____________94- REFERS TO THE BEAM HAVING A SINGLE SPAN SUPPORTED AT
ITS END WITHOUT A RESTRAIN AT THE SUPPORT.
____________95- MEANS A RIGID CONNECTION OR ANCHORAGE AT THE SUPPORT.
____________96- IS A TERM APPLIED TO A BEAM THAT REST ON MORE THAN TWO
SUPPORTS.
____________97- REFERS TO A BEAM WITH TWO SPANS WITH OR WITHOUT
RESTRAINT AT THE TWO EXTREME ENDS.
____________98- ONE WAY SLAB IS THE COMMON TYPE OF REINFORCED
CONCRETE FLOOR SYSTEM WHICH THE REINFORCEMENTS RUNS
ONLY IN ONE DIRECTION.
____________99- SLAB WHICH ARE SUPPORTED ON FOUR SIDES WHERE THE
FLOOR PANEL IS NEARLY SQUARE IS GENERALLY ECONOMICAL
TO EMPLOY THE TWO DIRECTIONS OF REINFORCING BARS
PLACED AT RIGHT AGLE WITH EACH OTHER.
____________100- IS AN ECONOMICAL TYPE OF FLOOR CONSTRUCITON BUT IS
APPLICABLE ONLY TO MEDIUM SPAN LENGTH WITH LIGHT OR
MEDIUM LOAD.
____________101- IS A RECTANGULAR SLAB DIRECTLY SUPPORTED BY COLUMNS
WITHOUT BEAMS OR GIRDERS.
____________102- A JOINT WHERE TWO SUCCESIVE PLACEMENT OF CONCRETE
MEET.
____________103- A JOINT BETWEEN ADJACENT PARTS OF A STRUCTURE WHICH
PERMITS MOVEMENT BETWEEN THEM.
____________104-EMPLOYED TO REDUCE RESTRAINT BY ACCOMODATING
MOVEMENT OF MASONRY WALL.
____________105-IN CONCRETE IS SRUCTURES UNDER CONSTRUCTION, A SPACE
WHERE CONCRETE IS NOT TO BE PLACED.
____________106-A JOINT FORMED WHEN A CONCRETE SURFACE HARDEN
BEFORE THE NEXT BATCH OF CONCRETE IS PLACED AGAINST.
____________107-PERMANENT DEFORMATION OF A MATERIAL UNDER A SUSTAIN
 LOAD.
____________108- CONVEX CURVATIVE IN A BEAM OR TRUSS.
LAYING OUT OF STAIRS
____________109- ONE OF A NUMBER OF SHORT VERTICAL MEMBERS OFTEN
CIRCULAR IN SECTION, USED TO SUPPORT A STAIR HANDRAIL.
____________110-AN ENTIRE RAILING SYSTEM INCLUDING A TOP RAIL, VERTICAL
MEMBERS AND BOTTOM RAIL.
____________ 111 - A STEP USUALLY LOWEST IN A FLIGHT, HAVING ONE OR BOTH
ENDS OF THE STAIRS STRING/S.
_____________112- HANDRAIL FOR A STAIRCASE.
_____________113- A VERTICAL FACE OF ASTAIR.
_____________114-STAIR ANCHOR TO CONCRETE.
TYPES OF ROOF
_____________115- IS CONSIDERED AS THE SIMPLEST FORM OF ROOF CONSISTING
OF ONE SINGLE SLOPE.
_____________116-THE MOST COMMON TYPE AND ECONOMICAL FORM OF THE
ROOF MADE OF TRIANGULAR SECTIONS CONSISTING OF TWO
SLOPE MEETING AT THE CENTER OF THE RIDGE FORMING A
GABLE.
_____________117- IS THE DEVELOPMENT OF THE SHED MADE INTO A SERIES TO
LEAN- TO ROOF COVERING ONE BUILDING.
_____________118- IS A MODIFICATION OF A GABLE OR A HIP AND VALLEY ROOF.
_____________119- IS ALSO COMMON FORM USED IN MODERN HOUSES HAVING
STRAIGHT SIDES ALL SLOPING TOWARD THE CENTER OF THE
BUILDING TERMINATING AT THE RIDGE.
_____________120- IS A COMBINATION OF THE HIP ROOF WHEREIN THE FOUR
STRAIGHT SIDES ARE SLOPING TOWARDS THE CENTER
TERMINATING AT A POINT.
______________121- IS A MODIFICATION OF THE GABLE ROOF WITH EACH SIDE
HAVING TWO SLOPES.
______________122- IS A TWO SHED ROOF WHERE THE SLOPE MEET AT THE
CENTERED OF THE BUILDING.
______________123- WHERE THE SIDES OF THE ROOF SLOPE STEEPLY FROM EACH
SIDE OF THE BUILDING TOWARDS THE CENTER FORMING A
FLAT DECK ON TOP.
______________124- IS A MODIFICATION OF THE MANZARD ROOF WHERE THE
SIDES ARE CONCAVE.
______________125- IS A HEMISPHERICAL FORM OF A ROOF USUALLY USED ON
OBSERVATORIES.
______________126- IS A STEEP ROOF OF CIRCULAR SECTION THAT TAPERS
UNIFORMLY FROM THE CIRCULAR BASE TO A CENTRAL
POINT.
THE VARIOUS KINDS OF RAFTERS FOR ROOF CONSTRUCITONS ARE
______________127-ARE RAFTERS EXTENDED AT RIGHT ANGLES FROM THE PLATE
OR GIRTS THE RIDGE.
______________128- ARE RAFTERS LAID DIAGONALLY FROM THE CORNER OF A
PLATE OR GIRTS TO THE RIDGE.
______________129-RAFTERS PLACED DIAGONALLY FROM THE PLATE OR GIRTS
AT THE INTERSECTION OF GABLE EXTENSION WITH THE MAIN
ROOF.
______________130-ARE RAFTERS PLACED DIAGONALLY ON AN OCTAGONAL
SHAPED PLATE AT THE CENTRAL APEX OR RIDGE POLE.
______________131- ANY RAFTER WHICH DOES NOT EXTEND FROM THE PLATE OR
GIRTS TO THE RIDGE
______________132- JACK RAFTERS FRAMED BETWEEN HIP RAFTERS AND GIRTS.
______________133- THE FRAME BETWEEN THE RIDGE AND VALLEY RAFTERS.
______________134- THOSE FRAMES BETWEEN THE HIP AND THE VALLEY
RAFTERS.
______________135-IS A BUILD-UP FRAME COMMONLY EMPLOYED ON A LONG
SPAN ROOF UNSUPPORTED BY INTERMEDIATE COLUMNS OR
PARTITION.
______________136- THE STRUCTURAL MEMBER PLACED ON TOP OF A RAFTER OR
TOP CHORD OF A TRUSS THAT SUPPORTS THE ROOF
SHEATING.
ROOF AND ROOFING MATERIALS
______________137- IS THE MOST COMMON MATERIALS IN BUILDING
CONSTRUCTION.
______________138- A ROOFING TILE WHICH HAS THE SHAPE OF “S” LAID ON ITS
SIDE.
______________139- A CLAY ROOFING TILE, APPROX, SEMI-CYLINDRICAL IN
SHAPE LAID IN COURSES WITH THE UNIT HAVING THEIR
CONVEX SIDE ALTERNATELY UP AND DOWN.
______________140- A CHANNEL SHAPED, TAPERED, SINGLE LAP ROOFING TILE.
______________141- ZINC COATED MATERIALS.
______________142- A 3-PIECE RIGID STRUCTURAL FRAME IN THE SHAPE OF THE
UPRIGHT CAPITAL “A”.
______________143- A PRINCIPAL MEMBERS OF A TRUSS.
______________144- WOOD STRIPS TO SUPPORT ROOF TILES.
______________145- CHORD SPLICE CONNECTORS FROM TRUSSES.
FORM, SCAFFOLDING AND STAGING
______________146- IS A TEMPORARY BOARDING, SHEATING OR PANS USED TO
PRODUCE THE DESIRED SHAPE AND SIZE OF CONCRETE.
______________147- IS THE MOST COMMON AND WIDELY USED FORMS IN MINOR
OR MAJOR CONSTRUCTION.
______________148-ARE SELDOM USED IN BUILDING CONSTRUCTION BECAUSE OF
THE VARIED DESIGNS AND SHAPES OF THE STRUCTURES.
______________149- IS A HORIZONTAL FRAMEWORK AROUND THE FORMWORK
FOR A COLUMN
______________150- WORKERS PLATFORM
BUILDING CONSTRUCITON TERMS

ADOBE ANCHOR_______________ EARTH FILL______________

ALIGNED______________
ALIGNMENT_____________
ALTERNATE OR STAGGERED______________
ANCHOR______________
ARCHITECT_______________
ASTRAGAL______________
BALUSTERS________________
BEAM_______________
EAVE______________
ELECTRICIAN_____________
ENGINEER______________
EXTERIOR SIDING_________
FAUCET________________
FASCIA BOARD_____________
FEET________________
FILL__________________
BANISTERS________________
BARREL BOLT__________________
BATH TUB_____________________
BOLT______________
BOTTOM CHORD______________
BRACE______________
BRICK_______________
CANOPY________________
CABINET HINGE______________
CARPENTER______________
CAST IRON______________
CEILING_______________
CEILING BOARD______________
CEILING JOIST_______________
CEMENT________________
CEMENT BRICK__________________
CEMENT TILES________________
CHAIN BOLT______________
COLLAR______________
COLUMN________________
CONCRETE_______________
CONCRETE SLAB_______________
CONCRETE BEAM______________
CONDUCTOR_________________
CONTRACTOR________________
CORR. G.I. SHEETS________________
CLOSED STRINGER ________________
CRUSHED STONE________________
DIAGONAL BRACE__________
DOOR__________________
DOOR FILLET_______________
DOOR HEAD_______________
DOOR JAMB_________________
DRAWBORE PIN OR DRAWPIN______________ MASONRY_______________
MITRE OR MITER_______________
MIXTURE OF SAND & GRAVEL__________
MORTAR______________
MORTAR JOIST__________________
MOULDING__________________
NAILERS___________
NAIL___________
NAIL SETTER ____________
MASA________________
NEWEL POST_____________
NUT____________________
NICOLITE BAR________________
OAKUM__________________
OPEN STRINGER_____________
OVER HAND OR PROJECTOR______________ STRINGER (OPEN)________________
FILLER__________________
FLOOR JOIST______________
FILLET____________________
FLOORING_________________
FLOOR SILL_______________
FLUSH________________
FOUNDATION OR FOOTING___
FOREMAN________________
FRAMEWORK_______________
GABLE ROOF________________
GIRDER_____________________
GIRTS OR GIDER____________
GRAVEL____________________
GOOD GRAIN_____________
GROOBE___________________
GUTTER____________________
HAND RAIL_______________
HEAD__________________
HINGE______________
HIP ROOF_______________
HORIZONTAL STUD______________
INCH_______________
JAMB_______________
JOIST________________
KINGPOST___________________
LABORER________________
LANDING___________________
LAVATORY_______________
LAYING OF CHB OR ADOBE STONE__
LEAN TO ROOF________________
LEVEL__________________
MACHINE BOLT_______________
MASON__________________
MASONRY FILL______________
METER__________________
SHEET_____________________
SHOWER_______________
SIDINGS_______________
SINK_______________
SKETCH PLAN________________
SLAB (SLOPE)__________________
SOLDER________________
SOLDER BAR_______________
SPACING________________
SPLIT KNOB______________
STAIRS__________________
STAKE_______________
PAINTER____________
PANEL__________________
PANEL DOOR_____________
PATTERN____________
PEA GRAVEL________________
PENDELUM (KING POST)_____________
PICKWORK_____________
PIGLEAD__________________
PLAIN G.I sheet____________
PLAIN G.I. STRAP_______________
PLANK BOARD_____________
PLASTER_____________
PLASTERED CHORD____________
PLUG_____________
PLUMB BOB_____________
PLUMB LINE_______________
POST_____________
PROJECTION__________________
PURLINS_______________
PUTTY__________________
RABBET____________
RAFTERS_______________
REINFORCING BAR_____________
RIDGEROLL_______________
RISER_________________
RIVETS_______________
ROOF_______________
SAND__________
SCAFFOLDING_____________
SCRATCH COAT______________
SCREW________________
STRINGER______________
STUCCO_______________
STUD (VERTICAL)_______________
STUD (HOIZONTAL)_______________
TINSMITH______________
TINSMITHING_____________
TOP CHORD______________
TRANSOM________________
TREAD____________
TRELLIS________________
TRUSS_______________
VARNISHED_____________
VERTICAL STUD_______________
WAINSCOATING TILES__________
WASHER______________
WATER CLOSET______________
WINDOW _____________
WINDOW GRILLE_______________
WINDOW SILL_____________
W.I. STRAP_____________
WIRING KNOB_______________
WOOD GAIN______________
WOOD PLANK______________
WROUGHT IRON STRAP________

TYPES OF PRECAST STRUCTURE

______________151- THIS TYPE PRECAST STRUCTURE HAS NUMEROUS DESIGNS
DEPENDING UPON THE ARCHITECTURAL.
ROOF AND FLOOR MEMBERS
______________152- WIDE RANGES FROM 0.60M. TO 2.4M.
______________153- WIDE RANGES FROM 0.60M. TO 2.4M.
______________154- WIDE RANGES FROM 2.4 TO 3.0M.
______________155- WIDE RANGES FROM 2.4 TO 3.0M.
PRESTRESSING OF CONCRETE
______________156- IS A PROCESSOF USING JACKS REACTING AGAINST
ABUTMENT.
______________157- THE PROCESS IS DONE BY TYING THE JACK BASE TOGETHER
WITH WIRES OR CABLES LOCATED ON EACH SIDE OF THE
BEAM.
______________158-THE PRESTRESSING STRANDS ARE STRECHED BETWEEN
MASSIVE ABUTMENT PROIR TO CASTING OF CONCRETE IN THE
BEAM FORMS.
_____________159- THE STEEL IS PRE-HEATED BY MEANS OF ELECTRICAL POWER
 WHICH ARE ANCHORED AGAINST THE OPPOSITE END OF THE
CONCRETE BEAM.
MEASUREMENT OF PRESTRESSING FORCE
_____________160- THE STRESSING OF UNBONDED TENDONS AFTER CONCRETE
HAS CURED .
BUILDING MATERIALS
TWO MAJOR CLASSIFICATION OF WOOD
_____________161- HAS DURABILITY AND BEAUTY.
_____________162- THESE ARE USED FOR GENERAL CONSTRUCITON
PROPERTIES OF WOOD
_____________163- THESE ARE USED FOR FLOORING, STAIRS, PANELLING,
FURNITURES AND INTERIOR TRIM.
_____________164-MEASURED BY THE COMPRESSION, WHICH A PIECE
UNDERGOES WHEN A WEIGHT IS APPLIED.
_____________165- THE AMOUNT A PIECE WILL BEND BEFORE BREAKING
_____________166- TO THE GRAIN.
_____________167- THE RELATIVE VALUE / LIFESPAN OF WOOD.
DEFFECTS OF LUMBER
_____________168- CAUSED BY THE ATTACKED OF FUNGI.
_____________169- CRACKS OR LENGTH WISE SEPERATION ACROOS THE ANNUAL
RINGS OF GROWTH
_____________170- IRREGULAR GROWTHS IN THE BODY WHICH INTERRUPS
SMOTH CURVE.
_____________171- WELL REFINED OPENINGS BETWEEN ANNUAL RINGS
CONTAINING SOLID OR LIQUID PITCH.
_____________172- IS THE LACK OF WOOD ON THE EDGE OR CORNER OF A PIECE.
TYPES OF WARPING:
_____________173- IS A DISTORTION OF THE BOARD IN WHICH THE FACE IS
CONVEX/CONCAVE ACROSS THE BOARD
_____________174- IS A DISTORTION OF THE BOARD IN WHICH THE FACE IS
CONVEX/CONCAVE LONGITUDINALLY.
_____________175- IS A DISTORTION OF THE BOARD IN WHICH ONE CORNER IS
RAISED.
WOOD
DEFINITION OF TERMS:
_____________176- PIECES LESS THAN 2” THICK AND LESS THAN 8” WIDE.
_____________177- PIECES LESS THAN 2” THICK AND AT LEAST 8” WIDE.
_____________178-PIECES MORE THAN 2” THICK AND LESS THAN 5” IN ANY
DIMENSION
_____________179-PIECES 4” OR MORE ON THE SMALLEST DIMENSION.
_____________180- PIECES 12” OR MORE ON THE SMALLEST DIMENSION.
THREE CATEGORIES OF LUMBER:
_____________181- USED FOR ORDINARY LIGHT CONSTRUCTION AND FINISHING
WORK.
_____________182- IT IS INTENDED FOR USE IN SHOPS OR IN MILLS MAKING SASH,
DOORS, AND CABINETS.
_____________183- IS INTENDED FOR USE IN HEAVY CONSTRUCTION FOR LOAD-
BEARING PURPOSES AND IS CUT INTO TIMBERS OF LARGER
WOOD GRAIN:
_____________184- ANNUAL RINGS RUN APPROX AT RIGHT ANGLE TO THE FACE.
_____________185- WHEN THE ANNUAL RINGS RUN MORE OR LESS PARALLEL TO
 THE SURFACE.
_____________186- WHEN THE ANNUAL RINGS ARE AT ABOUT 45 DEG. TO THE
FACE.
SEASONING OF LUMBER:
_____________187- LUMBER IS STRIP-PILLED AT A SLOPE ON A SOLID
FOUNDATION
_____________188- MORE EXPENSIVE LUMBER WHICH IS REQUIRED FOR MORE
REFINED USES SO AS WOOD WILL NOT MOVE.
MANUFACTURE BOARDS:
_____________189- IS MADE OF AN ODD NUMBER VENEER SHEETS GLUED
TOGETHER WITH THE GRAINS RUNNING AT RIGHT ANGLE TO
EACH OTHER.
THE DIFF. TYPES OF PLYWOOD
_____________190- THE MOST COMMON FOR STRUCTURAL USE.
_____________191- ARE USED FOR PANELLING AND FINISHING WHERE USUALLY
ON ONE FACE IS HARD FINISHED.
_____________192- IS MADE FOR EXTERNAL USE.
_____________193- IS MADE FROM WOOD CHIPS WHICH ARE EXPLODED INTO THE
FIBERS UNDER STREAM OF HIGH PRESSURE.
_____________194- IS MANUFACTURES FROM WOOD CHIPS, CURLS, FIBERS,
FLAKES, STRANDS, SHAVING, SLIVERS ETC. BOUND SHAPED
MASONRY
BASIC BRICKWORK TERMINOLOGY:
_____________195- IS A HORIZONTAL LAYER OF BRICKS OR OTHER MASONRY
UNITS.
_____________196- IS THE HORIZONTAL MORTAR IN EVERY COURSE.
_____________197- IS THE VERTICAL MORTAR IN EVERY MASONRY UNIT.
_____________198- IS A BRICK LAID WITH ITS FACE PARALLEL TO THE WALL AND
ITS LONG DIMENSION HORIZONTAL
_____________199- IS A BRICK LAID SO AS TO BOND TWO WYTHES TOGETHER.
_____________200- IS A VERTICAL LAYER OF MASONRY UNITS, ONE UNIT THICK.
_____________201- IS A BRICK LAID ON ITS END WITH ITS FACE PARALLEL TO THE
WALL.
_____________202- IS A BRICK LAID ON ITS FACE WITH ITS END VISIBLE IN THE
WALL FACE.
STRUCTURAL BOND FOR BRICKWORK
_____________203- CONSISTS ENTIRELY OF STRETCHERS.
_____________204- HAS A HEADER COURSE EVERY SIXTH COURSE.
_____________205- ALTERNATES COURSES OF HEADERS AND STRETCHERS.
REINFORCED BRICK MASONRY
_____________206- IS CREATED BY CONSTRUCTING TWO WYTHES OF BRICK 50-
100MM APART, PLACING THE REINFORCING STEEL IN THE
CAVITY, AND FILLING CAVITY WITH GROUT.
CONCRETE HOLLOW BLOCKS
_____________207- ARE CLASSIFIED AS BEARING AND NON- BEARING BLOCKS
CONCRETE
CEMENTS
____________208- MADE FROM MATERIALS WHICH MUST CONTAIN IN THE
PROPER PROPORTIONS OF LIME, SILICA, ALUMINA AND IRON
COMPONENTS.
SPECIAL CEMENTS
_____________209- SAME MATERIALS AS NORMAL PORTLAND EXCEPT IN COLOR.
_____________210- HAS BENN SPECIALLY DESIGNED TO PRODUCE BETTER MOTAR
THAN THAT MADE WITH NORMAL PORTLAND CEMENT OR
WITH A LIME-CEMENT HAS PARTICULARLY GOOD PLASTICITY
AND WORKABILITY, GOOD ADHESION AND BOND.
_____________211- NORMALLY PRODUCED BY ADDING A SMALL AMOUNT OF
STEARATE, USUALLY CALCIUM OR ALLUMINUM TO THE
CEMENT CLINKER DURING THE FINAL GRINDING.
TYPESOF AGGREGATES USED IN CONCRETE
______________212 -FOUND IN RIVERBEDS
______________213- ¼ AND SMALLER DIAMETER STONES
______________214-BIGGER THAN 1/4 “DIAMETER STONES.
CONCRETE MIXES
______________215-1: 1 ½: 3 FOR CONCRETE UNDER WATER, RETAINNING WALLS
______________216- 1: 2: 4 FOR FOOTINGS, COLUMNS BEAM, R.C. SLABS
______________217-1: 2 1/ 2:5 FOR SLAB ON FILL, NON BEARING WALLS
______________218-1: 3:6 FOR CONCRETE PLANT BOXES,ETC.
CONTROL OF CONCRETE MIXES
_____________219- WHEN FRESHLY MIXED CONCRETE IS CHECKED TO ENSURE
THAT THE SPECIFIED SLUMP IS BEING ATTAINED
CONSISTENTLY
_____________220-COMMON QUALITY-CONTROL TEST OF CONCRETE, BASED ON 7
AND 28 DAYS CURING PERIODS.
BRANDS OF WHITE CEMENT
_____________221- CEMENT, SAND & WATER
_____________222- CEMENT AND WATER MIXTURE
_____________223- CEMENT, SAND, GRAVEL & WATER
_____________224- ROUGH PLASTER FINISH OBTAINED BY FLINGING PLASTER ON
A WALL W/A HAND OPERATED MACHINE
____________225- AN ENCRUSTATION OF SOLUBLE SALTS CAUSED BY FREE
ALKALIES LEACHED FROM MORTAR OR ADJACENT CONCRETE
AS MOISTURE MOVE THROUGH IT.
____________226- THE CURING OF CONCRETE OR MORTAR W/O THE GAIN OR LOSS
OF HEAT DURING THE CURING PERIOD.
____________227- MOST WATERPROOFED TYPE OF MORTAR JOINTS FOR WALLS.
____________228- LARGE ROUGHLY MOULDED SUN DRIED CLAY BRICKS OF
VARYING SIZES.
____________229- A BRICK WHOSE FACE HAS BEEN HAS BEEN HACKED TO
RESEMBLE ROUGHLY HACKED STONE.
____________230- AN ADMIXTURE WHICH DELAY THE SETTING OF CEMENT OR
MIXTURES/AN ADDITIVE MIXED WITH PLASTER TO CONTROL
THE RATE OF HARDENING.
____________231- THE CURING OF CONCRETE OF MORTAR IN WATER VAPOR AT
AN ELEVATED TEMPERATURE AT EITHER ATMOSPHERIC OR
HIGH PRESSURE.
____________232- IN MASONRY, A HARD STONE OR BRICK USED TO REINFORCE
AN EXTERNAL CORNER OR WALL.
____________233- LOW WALL AROUND A CHALET-TYPE HOUSE.
____________234- THE WALL OF INTRAMUROS
____________235-INITIAL SCORED LAYER OF PLASTER WORK.
____________236- A LIGHT WEIGHT MASONRY UNIT MADE OF CINDER CONCRETE.
____________237- FOR BLOCK LAYING IS 0.0125 m.
____________238- THICKNESS IS 0.016 m.
____________239- FOR HOLLOW CELL 0.05 X 0.075 X 0.20 = 0.00075 cu.m.
____________240-0.00075 X 4 = 0.003 cu m. FOR 4” CHB.
FERROUS AND NONFERROUS METALS
____________241- METAL IN WHICH IRON IS THE PRINCIPAL ELEMENT
____________242- CONTAINING NO, OR VERY LITTLE IRON
FERROUS METAL
____________243- A MALLEABLE ALLOY OF IRON AND CARBON PRODUCED BY
MELTING AND REFINING PIG IRON AND/OR SCRAP STEEL,
GRADED ACCORDING TO THE CARBON CONTENT.
____________244-PIG IRON USED TO MAKE CAST IRON WHICH IS HIGH IN
COMPRESSIVE STRENGTH BUT LOW IN TENSILE STRENGTH, AND
HAS LITTLE USE FOR CONSTRUCTION.
____________245- IS PRODUCED WHEN PIG IRON IS MELTED IN SUCH AWAY AS TO
REMOVE NEARLY ALL OF THE CARBON AND OTHER IMPURITIES.
____________246- ARE MADE WITH CHROMIUM OR A COMBINATION OF NICKEL
AND CHROMIUM USED IN BUILDINGS OF EXTERIOR WALLS
PANELS.
____________247- BEARING STEEL HAS HIGH RESISTANCE TO CORROSION AND IS
USED FOR MAKING SHEET STEEL AND METAL LATH.
STEEL PRODUCTS
____________248- SECTIONS ARE MADE TO INTERLOCK AND ARE AVAILABLE IN
SEVERAL SHAPE.
____________249- SEAMLESS OR WELDED SMALL DIAMETER PIPE.
____________250- MADE FROM NEW STEEL OR FROM DISCARDED RAILWAYS, CAR
AXLES OR RAILS.
____________251- ANOTHER TYPE OF REINFORCING MATERIAL.
____________252- OVER 150,000 USES FOR WIRE INCLUDING PINS, NEEDLES, NAILS,
BOLTS, CABLES, PIANO WIRE, FENCES.
____________253-(EITHER HOT FORGED OR COLD-FORMED FROM WIRE OF THE
APPROPRIATE DIAMETER). FOR BOLTS, WIRE IS FED INTO AN
AUTOMATIC BOLT-MAKING MACHINE WHICH CUTS TO
LENGTHHEADS, TRIMS, POINTS, AND IN MANY ROLLS THE
THREAD.
_____________254- MADE FROM HIGH-TENSILE FLAT WERE IN A NUMBER OF
SIZES.
_____________255- LIGHTWEIGHT WARREN-TYPE TRUSSES MADE IN SEVERAL
DIFFERENT STYLES.
_____________256- BLACK AND GALVANIZED. CAN BE USED TO MANUFACTURE
CORRUGATED ROOFING AND SIDING AND FORMED STEEL
DECKING
_____________257- LIGHTWEIGHT, REQUIRING MINIMUM STORAGE SPACE AND
DOES NOT WARP OR SHRINK.
_____________258- MANUFACTURED FOR USE IN FORMING ONE-WAY AND TWO-
WAY RIBBED CONCRETE FLOOR SYSTEM.
NONFERROUS METALS;
_____________259- ITS, ORE, BAUXITE, REQUIRES 10 KILOWATT HOURS FOR EACH
ROUND OF METAL ALUMINUM EXTRACTED.
_____________260- USED AS VAPOR BARRIER ON WALLS AND CEILINGS AND AS
REFLECTIVE INSULAITON.
_____________261- A LUSTROUS REDDISH METAL. HIGHLY DUCTILE, MALLEABLE;
HAS HIGH TENSILE STRENGTH, IS AN EXCELLENT ELECTRICAL
AND THERMAL CONDUCTOR, IS AVAILABLE IN A WIDE
VARIETY OF SHAPES; WIDELY USED FOR DOWNSPOUTS,
ELECTRICAL CONDUCTORS, FLASHINGS GUTTER, ROOFING,
ETC.
_____________262- A SOFT MALLEABLE HEAVY METAL; HAS LOW MELTING POINT
AND A HIGH COEFFICIENT OF THERMAL EXPANSION.
_____________263- A LUSTROUS WHITE, SOFT AND MALLEABLE METAL HAVING A
LOW MELTING POINT; RELATIVELY UNAFFECTED BY
EXPOSURE TO AIR.
_____________264- A COMMERCIALLY PURE IRON OF FIBROUS NATURE, VALUED
FOR ITS CORROSION RESISTANCE AND DUCTILITY.
_____________265- AN IRON ALLOY USUALLY INCLUDING CARBON AND
SILICON WHICH HAS HIGH COMPRESSIVE STRENGTH BUT LOW
TENSILE STRENGTH.
_____________266- IS THE PROCESS WHICH BY TWO METALS ARE SO JOINT THAT
THERE IS AN ACTUAL UNION OF THE INTERATOMIC BONDS.
_____________267- THE PROCESS OF PRODUCING METAL SHAPES OF A CONSTANT
CROSS SECTION BY FORCING THE HOT METAL THROUGH AN
OFFICE IN A DIE BY MEANS OF A PRESSURE RAM.
_____________268- PROTECTIVE COAT FOR IRON.
_____________269- A JOINT FORMED BY OVERLAPPING THE EDGES OF METAL
SHEET OR PLATES AND JOINING THEM BY RIVETING OR
SOLDERING OR BRACING.
JOINING STEEL MEMBERS
_____________270- IS A FASTENER CONSISTING OF A CYLINDRICAL BODY AND A
FORMED HEAD WHICH IS BROUGHT TO A WHITE HEAT,
INSERTED THROUGH HOLES IN THE MEMBERS TO BE JOINED,
AND HOT- WORKED WITH A PNEUMATIC HAMMER TO
PRODUCED A SECOND HEAD OPPOSITE THE FIRSTHEAD.
BOLTS
_____________271- OR COMMON BOLTS ARE SIMILAR TO THE ORDINARY
MACHINE BOLTS THAT CAN BE PURCHASED IN HARDWARE
STORES.
_____________272- ARE HEAT TREATED DURING MANUFACTURE TO DEVELOP THE
NECESSARY STRENGTH.
GLASS
_____________273- IS SAND (SILICON DIOXIDE). A HARD BRITTLE INORGANIC
SUBSTANCE, ORDINARILY TRANSPARENT OR TRANSLUCENT;
PRODUCED BY MELTING A MIXTURE OF SILICA, A FLUX AND A
STABILIZER; WHILE MOLTEN MAYBE BLOWN, DRAWN ROLLED,
PRESSED OR CAST OT A VARIETY OF SHAPES.
TYPES OF CLEAR GLASS
_____________274- IS PRODUCED BY CUTTING ANNEALED GLASS TO THE
REQUIRED SIZES FOR USE, REHEATTING IT TO
APPROXIMATELY 1200 DEGREES FAHRENHEIT, COOLING BOTH
ITS SURFACES RAPIDLY WITH A BLAST OF AIR WHILE ITS
 CORE COOLS MUCH MORE SLOWLY.
____________275- PROCESS IS SIMILAR TO TEMPERING, BUT ITS, ABOUT ONE-
THIRD AS HIGH AS TEMPERED GLASS IN THE TERMS OF
BENDING AND STRETCHING.
_____________276- ITS MADE BY SANDWICHING A TRANSPARENT VINYL
INTERLAER BETWEEN SHEETS OF GLASS AND BONDING THE
THREE LAYERS TO GETHER UNDER HEAT AND PRESSURE.
_____________277- HOT GLASS CAN BE ROLLED INTO SHEETS WITH MANY
DIFFERENT SURFACE PATTERNS FOR USE WHERE LIGHT
TRANSMISSION IS DESIRED BUT VISION MUST BE OBSCURED
FOR PRIVACY
_____________278- SPECIAL OPAQUE GLASSES ARE PRODUCED FOR COVERING
THE SPANDREL AREA (THE BANDS OF WALL AROUND THE
EDGES OF FLOORS) IN GLASS CURTAIN.
_____________279- SIMPLY A ROLLED GLASS INTO WHICH WIRE MESH IS
INSERTED DURING THE PROCESS OF MANUFACTURE. THE
WIRE GREATLY INCREASES THE RESISTANCE TO SHATTERING
THROUGH IMPACT.
TINTED AND REFLECTIVE COATED GLASS
______________280-IS MADE BY ADDING SMALL AMOUNTS OF SELECTED
CHEMICAL ELEMENTS TO THE MOLTEN GLASS MIXTURE TO
PRODUCE THE DESIRED HUE AND INTENSITY OF COLOR IN
GRAYS, BRONZE, BLUES, GREEN AND GOLDS.
______________281- APPEAR AS MIRROR FROM THE OUTSIDE ON A BRIGHT DAY
AND AT NIGHT, WITH LIGHTS ON INSIDE THE BUILDING, THEY
APPEAR AS DARK BUT TRANSPARENT GLASS.
______________282- A SECOND SHEET OF GLASS APPLIED TO A WINDOW WITH AN
AIRSPACE BETWWEN THE SHEETS CUTS THIS RATE OF HEAT
LOSS IN HALF.
GLASS PRODUCTS
______________283- COMPARABLE IN MANY WAYS TO UNIT MASONRY BUT HAVE
THE ADDED FEATURE OF TRANSMITTING LIGHT.
TWO TYPES:
______________284- DIRECT OR DIFFUSE THE DAYLIGHT WHICH PASSES THROUGH
THEM TO IMPROVE THE ILLUMINAITON OF THE BUILDING
INTERIOR. THREE STYLES OF FUNCTIONAL BLOCKS
______________285-DIRECTS INCOMING LIGHT UPWARD TOWARD CEILING USED
ALWAYS ABOVE EYE LEVEL.
______________286- DIFFUSES INCOMING LIGHT UPWARD RVRNLY THROUGHOUT
THE INTERIOR OF THE ROOM.
______________287- AVAILABLE IN A WIDE RANGE OF STYLES AND PATTERNS.
PAINT GENERALLY CONSIST
______________288- FINELY GROUND SOLIDS THAT PROVIDE THE PAINTS
COVERING OR ITS COLOR.
______________289- LIQUID MEDIUM TO CARRY THE PIGMENT IN SUSPENSION
DURING APPLICAIOTN AND CONSISTS OF BINDERS AND
SOLVENT.
______________290- ZINC PIGMENTED COATINGS
______________291- MIXTURE OF PORTLAND CEMENT, LIME AND WATER USED TO
DAMPROOF MASONRY MATERIALS AND PROTECT EXPOSED
 STEEL.
______________292- COATING RESISTANT TO MILDEW, MOLD, FLUMES, MARINE
ENVIRONMENTS.
______________293- OIL MODIFIED RESINS THAT HARDEN BY OXIDATION AND
EVAPORATION.
______________294- ARE USED TO PROTECT WOOD, STEEL MASONRY, CONCRETE
AND AS ROOF COATING.
______________295- USED IN COATING HIGHLY RESISTANT TO ALKALIES, ACIDS,
CHEMICALS, AND WATER
______________296- TWO COMPONENT COATINGS CONSISTING OF A PIGMENTED
PRIMER OR ENAMEL AND AN ACTIVATOR OR CATALYST.
HARDWARE
______________297- METAL RPODUCTS USED IN CONSTRUCITON, SUCH AS BOLTS,
HINGES, LOCKS, TOOLS, ETC. THEY ARE CLASSIFIEDAS.
______________298- HARDWARE, SUCH AS HINGES, LOCKS, CATHCHES, ETC. THAT
HAS A FINISHED APPEARANCE ASWELL AS FUNCTION, ESP.
THAT USED WITH DOORS, WINDOWS, AND CABINETS., MAYBE
CONSIDERED PART OF THE DECORATIVE TREATMENT OF A
ROOM OR BUILDING.
______________299- IN BUILDING CONSTRUCITON, HARDWARE MEANT TO BE
CONCEALED, SUCH AS BOLTS, NAILS, SCREWS. SPIKES, RODS,
AND OTHER METAL FITTINGS
______________300-AN ENTRANCE WAY
TYPES OF DOOR:
______________301- A SMOOTH-SURFACED DOOR HAVING FACES WITH ARE
PLANE WHICH CONCEAL ITS RAILS AND STILES OR OTHERS
STRUCTURE USED INSIDE, IT IS HOLLOW CORE, WHEN USED
FOR EXTERIOR IT IS OF SOLID CORE.
______________302- A DOOR HAVING STILES, RAILS AND SOMETIMES MUNTINS,
WHICH FORM ONE OR MORE FRAMES AROUND RECESSED
THINNER PANELS.
KINDS OF DOORS:
______________303- A RIGID OVERHEAD DOOR WHICH OPENS AS AN ENTIRE UNIT.
______________304- A DOOR WHICH, WHEN OPOEN ASSUMES A HORIZONTAL
POSITION ABOVE THE DOOR OPENING, MADE OF SEVERAL
LEAVES.
______________305- (SOLID OR SEE-THROUGH ALUMINUM SHUTTERS) A DOOR
MADE UP OF SMALL HORIZONTAL INTERLOCKING METAL
SLATS WHICH ARE GUIDED IN A TRACK; THE
CONFIGURATION COILS ABOUT AN OVERHEAD DRUM WHICH
IS HOUSED AT THE HEAD OF THE OPENING, EITHER MANUAL
OR MOTOR-DRIVEN.
______________306- A HINGED DOOR CONSISTING OF A SYSTEM OF PANELS
WHICH ARE HUNG FROM AN OVERHEAD TRACK.
______________307- ONE OF TWO OR MORE DOORS WHICH ARE HINGED
TOGETHER SO THAT THEY CAN OPEN AND FOLD IN A
CONFINED SPACE.
______________308- AN EXTERIOR DOOR CONSISTING OF FOUR LEAVES ( AT 900
TO EACH OTHER) WHICH PIVOT ABOUT A COMMON
VERTICAL AXIS WITHIN A CYLINDRICALLY SHAPED
 VESTIBULE, PREVENTS THE DIRECT PASSAGE OF AIR
THROUGH THE VESTIBULE, THEREBY ELIMINATING DRAFTS
FROM OUTSIDE.
______________309- A DOOR MOUNTED ON TRACK WHICH SLIDES IN A
HORIZONTAL DIRECTION USUALLY PARALLEL TO ONE WALL.
______________310- A SLIDING DOOR WHICH SLIDES TO COVER A FIXED DOOR OF
THE SAME WIDTH OR ANOTHER SLIDING DOOR.
______________311- A DOOR WHICH SLIDES INSIDE A HOLLOW OF THE WALL.
______________312- A HINGEDDOOR WHICH IS DIVIDED TO TWO.
FINISHING HARDWARES:
______________313- A MOVABLE JINT USED TO ATTACH SUPPORT AND TURN A
DOOR ABOUT A PIVOT, CONSISTS OF TWO PLATES JOINED
TOGETHER BY A PIN WHICH SUPPORT THE DOOR AND
CONNECT IT TO ITS FRAME, ENABLING IT TO SWING OPEN OR
CLOSED.
TYPES OF HINGES:
_______________314- CONSISTS OF TWO RECTANGULAR METAL PLATES WHICH
ARE JOINED WITH A PIN, IN LARGE HINGE, THE PIN
REMOVABLE, IN SMALL HINGES, IT IS FIXED
_______________315- A HINGE IN WHICH THE PIN IS FASTENED PERMANENTLY IN
PLACE.
_______________316- A HINGE DESIGNED FOR ATTACHMENT ON THE SURFACE OF
THE DOOR AND JAMB WITHOUT MORTISING.
_______________317- A DOOR HINGE HAVING TWO KNUCKLES, ONE OF WHICH
HAS VERTICAL PIN THAT FITS IN A CORRESPONDING, HOLE
IN THE OTHER, BY LIFTING THE DOOR UP, OFF THE VERTICAL
PIN, THE DOOR MAY BE REMOVED WITH UNSCREWING THE
HINGED.
______________318- A HINGE HAVING A REMOVABLE PIN WHICH PERMITS ITS
TWO PARTS TO BE SEPERATED.
______________319- A TYPE OF DOOR HINGE HAVING A SINGLE JOINT OF THE
PIVOT TYPE, USUALLY OF MODERN DESIGN.
______________320- A PAUMELLE HINGE WITH KNUCKLES FORMING AN OVAL
SHAPE.
______________321- A HINGE CONTAINING ONE OR MORE SPRINGS, WHEN A DOOR
IS OPENED, THE HINGE RETURNS IT TO OPEN POSITION
AUTOMATICALLY, MAY ACT ONE DIRECTION ONLY, OR IN
BOTH DIRECTIONS.
______________322- EXCELLENT FOR USE IN RESTAURANTS, HOSPITALS,
KITCHENS, THE DOOR OPENS BY JUST PUSHING IT WITH THE
SHOULDER OR FEET.
______________323- THE AXLE OR PIN ABOUT WHICH A WINDOW OR DOOR
ROTATES.
______________324- A SPRING HINGE FOR A DOOR WHICH IS MORTISTED INTO THE
HEEL OF THE DOOR, THE DOOR IS FASTENED TO THE FLOOR
AND FLOOR HEAD WITH PIVOTS.
TO LOCK THE DOOR
______________325- A COMPLETE LOCK SYSTEM INCLUDING THE BASIC LOCKING
MECHANISM AND ALL THE ACCESSORIES, SUCH AS KNOBS
ESCUTHEONS, PLATES, ETC.
______________326- A SMALL REJECTING MEMBER USED TO FASTEN THE FRAME
OF A DOOR OR WINDOW.
______________327- A HANDLE. MORE OR LESS SPHERICAL USUALLY FOR
OPERATING A LOCK.
______________328- A PROTECTIVE PLATE SURROUNDING THE KEYHOLE OF A
DOOR.
______________329- A THIN FLAT SHEET OF MATERIAL.
______________330- A METAL PLATE OR BOX WHICH IS SET IN A DOOR JAMB AND
IS EITHER PLACED OR RECESSED TO RECEIVE THE BOLT OT
LATCH OF A LOCK, FIXED ON DOOR.
______________331- THE PROJECTION FROM THE SIDE OF A TRIKE PLATE WHICH
ARE BOLT OF A LOCK STRIKES FIRST WHEN A DOOR IS
CLOSED; PROJECTS OUT FORM THE SIDE OF THE STRIKE
PLATE TO PROTECT THE FRAME.
USE DIFFERENT LOCKSET FOR EACH ROOM:
______________332- WITH A KEY AND UNIVERSAL BUTTON WHICH WHEN PUSED
STAYS PUT AND LOCKS THE DOOR.
______________333- SAME AS THE ENTRANCE LOCKSET BUT SIMPLER IN DESIGN.
______________334- WITHOUT A KEY HAS A BUTTON THAT IS PUSHED TO LOCK
INSIDE.
KIND OF LOCKSET
______________335- A TYPE OF MORTISE LOCK HAVING ITS CYLINDER IN THE
KNOB.
______________336- A BORED LOCK WHICH HAS A CYLINDRICAL CASE INTO
WHICH A SEPARATE LATCH CASE FITS.
______________337- A SIMPLE FASTENING DEVISE HAVING A LATCH BOLT BUT
NOT A DEAD BOLT CONTAINS NO PROVISIONS FOR LOCKING
WITH A KEY
______________338- A TYPE OF DOOR LATCH WHICH IS FASTENS A DOOR BY
MEANS OF A PIVOTED BAR THAT ENGAGES A HOOK ON THE
DOOR JAMB, A LEVER WHICH LIFTS THE PIVOTED BAR USED
TO UNFASTEN THE DOOR.
______________339- A LOCK OR LATCH IN WHICH THE FACE IS FLUSH WITH THE
RABBET ON A RABBETED DOOR JAMB.
______________340- A TYPE OF DOOR LATCH HAS A ROLLER UNDER SPRING
TENSION INSTEAD OF A BEVELED SPRING BOLT, THE ROLLER
ENGAGE A STRIKE PLATE, HAVING A RECESS FORMED TO \
RECEIVE.
______________341- A SMALL LOCKING OR LATCHING DEVICE USED ON SCREEN
DOORS AND GENERATED BY A KNOB OR LEVER HANDLE,
SOMETIMES EQUIPPED WITH A DEAD BOLT.
______________342- A FASTENING DEVICE CONSISTING OF A LOOP OR STAPLE
AND A SLOTTED HINGE PLATE NORMALLY SECURED WITH A
PADLOCK.
______________343- A KIND OF LOCK WHICH OPENS BY USING THE
CORRESPONDING MAGNET GOES WITH IT.
______________344- A LOCK INTENDED FOR INSTALLATION IN A CIRCULAR HOLE
IN A DOOR.
______________345- USED TO FASTEN UPPER AND LOWER DOOR.
______________346- A TYPE OF DOOR LOCK, THE BOLT, WHICH IS SQUARE IN
 SECTION IS OPERATED BY THE DOOR KEY OR A TURN PIECE.
TYPES OF CABINET HINGES:
______________347- USED FOR HANGING LIPPED OR OVERLAPPING DOORS,
AVAILABLE IN SEMI- CONCEALED AND SURFACE-MOUNTED
STYLES.
______________348- MADE FOR BOTH FLUSH AND OVERLAPPING DOORS.
______________349- DON’T SHOW FROM THE FRONT AND IS EXPENSIVE.
______________350- FOR A DROP DOWN DOOR THAT CAN BE LOWERED TO SERVE
AS WORK ACES REQUIRE HINGES THAT LAY FLUSH IN THE
SURFACE, MORTISE THEM INTO BOTH SURFACES, THEY
DON’T SHOW WHEN THE DOOR IS CLOSED.
CATCHES FOR CLOSING OF CABINET DOORS IN PLACE KINDS OF CATCHES.
______________351- ANY CATCH WHICH WHEN IT ENGAGES A STRIKE, IS HELD
THE ENGAGED POSITION BY FRICTION.
______________352- A DOOR CATCH FLAT THAT USES A MAGNET TO HOLD THE
DOOR IN A CLOSED POSITION.
______________353- A FASTENER WHICH HOLDS A DOOR IN PLACE BY MEANS OF
A PROJECTING SPRING ARCTUATED STEEL HALL WHICH IS
DEPRESSED WHEN THE DOOR IS CLOSED.
OTHER FINISHING ACCESSORIES
______________354- A HAND GRIP USUALLY INSTALLED IN SHOWER, WHICH MAY
BE USED FOR STEADYING ARE SELF.
______________355- ANY OVER HANGING MEMBER PROJECTING FORM A WALL OR
OTHER BODY TO SUPPORT A WEIGHT.
______________356- USED TO SUPPORT ANY CABINET OR SHELF.
______________357- ATTACHED ABOVE A SCREEN DOOR TO AUTOMATICALLY
CLOSE IT.
______________358- TO PREVENT THE DOOR WITH ITS LOCKSET FROM HARMING
THE WALL OR TILES.
ROUGH HARDWARES:
NAILS
_______________359- WITH HEAD AND FOR STRENGTH
_______________360- WITHOUT HEAD AND FOR BETTER APPEARANCE.
_______________361- USED FOR CONCRETE, MORTAR AND BRICK SURFACE.
SCREWS
_______________362- CLASSIFIED BY GAUGE (DIAMETER), LENGTH, HEAD, TYPE
AND METALLIC MAKE-UP.
BOLTS
_______________363- HAVE THREADED SHAFTS THAT RECEIVE NUTS.
_______________364- FOR HANGING FIXTURES FROM WALLS.
_______________365- TO ATTACH FLAT SURFACE TO ROUND POLES AND PIPES
JOINERY BRACKETS
_______________366- AN ARCHITECT PROJECTED WINDOW.
_______________367- A WINDOW WHICH PROJECTS OUTSIDE THE MAIN LINE OF A
BUILDING.
_______________368- A WINDOW SASH WHICH OPENS INWARD AND ITS HINGED
AT
THE BOTTOM.
_______________369- A PROJECTED WINDOW BEYOND BUILDING WALL CARRIED
BY A CORBEL.
_______________370- A DOOR W/OUT STILES WHICH IS CONSTRUCTED OF
 VERTICAL FRAMES OF PANELLED DOOR.
_______________371- VERTICAL FRAMES OF PANELLED DOOR.
_______________372- WINDOW OVER A DOOR.
_______________373- FINISHED FRAME SURROUNDING A DOOR.
_______________374- A STEEL BOLT USUALLY FIXED IN A BUILDINGS STRUCTURE
WITH ITS PORTION PROJECTING.
_______________375- A BOLT IN A BUILDING FOUNDATION WHICH SECURES
THE PLATE OR SILL.
_______________376- A THREADED BOLT HAVING A STRAIGHT SHANK AND A
CONVENTIONAL HEAD SUCH AS A SQUARE, HEXAGONAL,
BUTTON OR COUNTERSANK.
_______________377- A BOLT WITH NECK FOR NON-RATATING MOUNTING.
_______________378- COMMON HARDWARE FASTENER FOR TRUSS BRACES.
_______________379- A DOOR LOCK WITH A SPRING BOLT CONTROLLED BY ONE
OR BOTH KNOBS AND DEAD BOLT CONTROL BY A KEY.
_______________380- THE HORIZONTAL DISTANCE FROM TH FACE OF A LOCK OF
LATCH TO THE CENTER OF THE KNOB OR LOCK CYLINDER.
_______________381- A PLATE ATTACHED TO SIDE OF A JOINT FOR INCREASE
HOLDING POWER.
_______________382- A THIN NAIL WITH SMALL AHEAD.
_______________383- IN A SUSPENDED ACOUSTICAL CEILING AGROOVE CUT INTO
THE EDGES OF AN ACOUSTICAL TILES TO RECEIVE SPLINES
OR SUPPORTING MEMBERS OF THE CEILING SUSPENSION
SYSTEM
_______________384- A TYPE OF TAPE USED IN FINISHING JOINTS BETWEEN
GYPSUM BOARD.
_______________385- USED FOR WATERPROOFING
_______________386- INLAID WOOD FLOORING USUALLY SET IN SIMPLE
GEOMETRIC PATTERN.
_______________387- A FLOOR TILE COMPOSED PRINCIPALLY OF POLYVINYL
CHLORIDE.
_______________388- THE ANGLE WITH ONE SURFACE OF A BODY MAKES WITH
ANOTHER SURFACE WHEN THEY ARE NOT AT RIGHT ANGLE.
_______________389- A CONTINOUS RECESS BUILT INTO A WALL TO RECEIVE
PIPES, DUCTS, ETC.
_______________390- MATERIAL USED IN DRYWALL CONSTRUCTION.
_______________391- A GROOVE EXTENDED ALONG THE EDGE OR FACE OF THE
WOOD MEMBER BEING CUT PARALLEL TO GRAIN.
BUILDING PROTECTION
______________392- A METHOD OF PROTECTING SURFACES AGAINST THE
DESTRUCTIVE EFFECTS OF WATER.
______________393- PROTECTION FROM THE OUTSIDE IS PROVIDED BY WATER
REPPELENT MATERIALS WHICH TURN ASIDE AND FORCE TO
RETURN TO THE EARTH
______________394- THIS IS A CLEAR, INVISIBLE SILICONE WATER REPELLENT
SPECIALLY FORMULATED FOR APPLICATION ON MASONRY
AND BRICKS (STANDARD SILICONE REPELLENT) AND FOR
LIMESTONE AND CONCRETE THAT SEEPS MUCH RAINWATER
(SPECIAL FORMULATED SILICONE REPELLENT).
______________395- IT IS IMPORTANT TO POISON THE SOIL AGAINST WHITE ANTS
IN ORDER TO STOP THE WHITE ANTS FROM INFESTING THE
MAINPOSTS, WALLS AND FLOORING.
______________396- A CHEMICAL LIQUID PAINTED AND APPLIED TO LUMBER TO
PRESERVE IT FOR YEARS.
______________397- A CLEAR LIQUID APPLIED EASILY ON WOOD, PLYWOOD,
LUMBER AND OTHER BOARD THAT RETAINS THE NATURAL
BEAUTY, GIVES ADDED STRENGTH AND PROTECTS
MATERIALS AGAINST FIRE, WEATHER, DECAY, INSECTS AND
WARPING.
______________398- A METHOD OF PROTECTING ROOMS AGAINST THE INTRUSION
OF RATS AN OTHER SMALL DESTRUCTIVE ANIMALS FROM
GNAWING THE WOODEN PARTS OF THE HOUSE, HABITATING
ON CEILING AND FLOORS OF HOUSES AND BUILDINGS.
______________399- A METHOD OF PROTECTING FERROUS MATERIALS LIKE
STEEL, IRON FROM RUSTING OR CORROSION
______________400- WHEN FLOORS ARE SUBJECTED TO WEAR AND TEAR, OR
FORM CHEMICAL ABRASIONS AND HEAVY USE, SPECIAL
KIND OF MATERIAL SHOULD BE USED TO PROTECT THE
FLOORING.
______________401- WHEN AN OLD HOUSE HAVING OLE PAINT IS IN NEED OF
REPAINTING, PAINT REMOVER ISAPPLIED TO THE SURFACE
WHICH SOFTENS AND LIFTS THE PAINT.
______________402- FOR BUILDINGS THAT NEED TOTAL CONTROL OF THE
INCOMING AND OUTGOING INDIVIDUALS FOR THE
PROTECTION OF THE BUILDING AS A WHOLE FROM ROBBERS,
STEALERS, ETC. THERE ARE SO MANY EQUIPMENTS WHICH
CAN BE INSTALLED
THREE TYPES OF WATERPROOFING
_______________403- MEDIUM IN POWDER FORM IS ADDED AND MIXED WITH THE
AGGREGATES OF CONCRETE.
_______________404- RECOMMENDED FOR USE WHERE DIRECT RAIN OR
STANDING WATER ARE EMINENT, THERE ARE ABOUT 14
USES.
_______________405- A FLUID APPLIED ELASTOMERIC COATING BASED ON HEAVY
SOLIDS ELASTOMER COMPOUND FORMULATED TO
WATERPROOF AND PRESERVE THE SUBTRATE LIKE \
CONCRETE, WOOD, BRICKS AND STEEL.
ROOFING
_______________406- THE BASE FELTS SUED IN BUILT-UP ROOFING ARE
AVAILABLE IN TWO BASIC TYPE ASBESTOS FELTS AND
ORGANIC OR RAG FELTS.
_______________407- COMPOSED PRIMARILY OF ASBESTOS FIBER, A NON-
ROTTING, NON-WICKING INORGANIC MIERAL FIBER.
_______________408- COMPOSED OF FIBROUS ORGANIC MATERIALS.
DAMPROOFING
______________409- THE DAMPNESS THAT SOMETIMES OCCURS INSIDE BUILDINGS
CAN BE CAUSED BY PENETRATION OF MOISTURE FROM THE
OUTSIDE OR BY CONDENSATION OF WATER VAPOR
GENERATED ON THE INSIDE.
_______________410- THESE ARE MATERIALS WHICH EFFECTIVELY RETARD OR
STOP THE FLOW OF WATER VAPOR AND NORMALLY ARE
PRODUCED IN SHEETS OR THIN LAYERS.
MATERIALS USED AS VAPOR BARRIERS:
_______________411- THUS IS CHEMICALLY INSERT PLASTIC, UNAFFECTED BY
ACIDS, ALKALIS AND CAUSTICS, PRODUCED IN ROLLS OF 3
TO 2O FT. WIDE.
_______________412- USED AS VAPOR BARRIER AS A SINGLE SHEET OR AS A THIN
LAYER OF FOIL LAMINATED TO A HEAVY BACKING OF
ASPHALT-IMPREGNATED KRAFT PAPER.
KINDS OF THERMAL INSULATION
_______________413- THIS BULKY AND DIVIDED INTO FIBROUS TYPE, GRANULAR
INSUALTION FIBROUS LOOSE FILL, GRANULE.
_______________414- IS MADE FROM SOME FIBROUS MATERIALS SUCH AS
MINERAL WOOL, WOOD FIBER, COTTON FIBER, OR ANIMAL
HAIR
_______________415-THIS TYPE OF INUALTION IS SO CALLED BLOCK OR RIGID
BECAUSE THE UNITS ARE RELATIVELY STIFF AND
INELASTIC.
_______________416- THIS IS POLYURETHANE PRODUCT MADE BY COMBINING A
POLYISOCYANATE AND POLYESTER RESIN.
_______________417 MATERIALS USED ARE POLYURETHANEFOAM ASBESTOS
FIBER MIXED WITH INORGANIC BINDERS, VERMICULITE
AGGREGATE WITH A BINDER SUCH AS PORTLAND CEMENT
OR GYPSUM AND PERLITE AGGREGATE USING GYPSUM AS A
BINDER.
SOIL TESTING
_______________418 ARE USEFUL WHEN FOUNDATION IS NOT EXPECTED TO
EXTEND DEEPER THAT ABOUT 8 FEET WHICH IS THE
MAXIMUM PRACTICAL REACH OF SMALL EXCAVATION
MACHINE.
_______________419 BORING WITH STANDARD PENETRATION TESTS CAN GIVE AN
INDICATION OF THE BEARING CAPACITY OF THE SOIL BY
THE NUMBER OF BLOWS OF STANDARD DRIVING HAMMER
REQUIRED TO ADVANCE A SAMPLING TUBE INTO THE SOIL
BY A FIXED AMOUNT.
TYPES OF SOIL
_______________420- IS A CONTINOUS MASS OF SOLID MINERAL MATERIALS,
SUCH AS GRANITE OR LIMESTONE, THAT CAN ONLY BE
REMOVED BY DRILLING AND BLASTING.
_______________421- IS A GENERAL TERM REFFERING TO EARTH MATERIAL.
_______________422- IF THE PARTICLE OF SOIL IS TOO LARGE TO LIFT BY HAND.
_______________423- IF THE PARTICLE OF SOIL TAKES THE WHOLE HAND TO LIFT.
_______________424- IF THE PARTICLE CAN BE LIFTED EASILY WITH THUMB AND
FOREFINGER
_______________425- IF THE PARTICLES SEEN BUT ARE TOO SMALL TO BE PICKED
UP.
_______________426- IF THE PARTICLES ARE TOO SMALL TO BE SEEN.
PILE DRIVING
_______________427- CANNOT RESIST HIGH STRESSES DUE TO HARD DRIVING
 THAT IS REQUIRED TO PENETRATE HIGHLY RESISTANT
LAYER OF SOIL.
CONCRETE PILES ARE CLASSIFIED INTO TWO TYPES
_______________428- IS CAST INSIDE A METAL SHELL FROM WHICH ARE LEFT IN
THE GROUND.
_______________429- ELIMINATE THE METAL CASING.
_______________430- ARE REINFORCED TO RESIST HIGH STRESS CAUSED BY THE
HAMMER IN DRIVING
_______________431- IS AN EXCELLENT MATERIAL FOR PILE BECAUSE OF ITS
STRENGTH CHARACTERISTICS TO WITHSTAND HARD
DRIVING.
FLOOR STRUCTURE
_______________432- REFERS TO THOSE MOVABLE LOADS IMPOSED ON THE
FLOOR
_______________433- REFERS TO THE STATIC LOAD SUCH AS THE WEIGHT OF THE
CONSTRUCTION MATERIALS SUCH GENERALLY CARRY THE
LIVE LOAD.
_______________434- PERTAINS TO THE DISTANCES BETWEEN THE POSTS,
COLUMNS OR SUPPORTING WALLS.
THE DIFFERENT KIND OF A PLATFORM FLOOR SYSTEM ARE:
_______________435- IS A PRINCIPAL BEAM EXTENDING FROM WALL OF A
BUILDING SUPORTING THE FLOOR JOISTS BEAMS.
_______________436- THAT PART OF HE SIDE OF A HOUSE THAT RESTS
HORIZONTALLY UPON THE FOUNDATION.
_______________437- ARE THOSE PARTS OF THE FLOOR SYSTEM PLACED ON THE
GIRDERS WHERE THE FLOOR BOARDS ARE FASTENED
_______________438- IS A SHORT TRANSVERSE JOIST THAT SUPPORT THE END OF
THE CUT-OFF JOIST AT A STAIR WELL HOLE.
_______________439- THE TOUNGE AND GROOVE WHICH ARE POPULARLY KNOWN
AS T & G IS GENERALLY SPECIFIED FOR WOOD FLOORING.
_______________440- SLAB WHICH ARE SUPPORTED ON FOUR SIDES WHERE THE
FLOOR PANEL IS EARLY SQUARE IS GENERALLY
ECONOMICAL EMPLOY THE TWO DIRECTON OF
REINFORCING BARS PLACED AT RIGHT ANGLE WITH EACH
OTHER.
_______________441- IS GENERALLY AN ECONOMICAL TYPE OF FLOOR
CONSTRUCTION BUT IS APPLICABLE ONLY TO MEDIUM SPAN
LENGTH WITH LIGHT OR MEDIUM LOAD UNLIKE THE ONE
WAY OR TWO WAY SLABS THAT COULD CARRY HEAVY
LOADS.
_______________442- IS THE COMMON TYPE OF REINFORCED CONCRETE FLOOR
SYSTEM MADE OF SOLID SLAB SUPPORTED BY TWO
PARALLEL BEAMS.
REINFORCED CONCRETE FLOOR SYSTEM
_______________443- IS A STRUCTURAL MEMBER THAT SUPPORTED THE
TRANSVERSE LOAD WHICH USUALLY REST ON SUPPORT AT
ITS END.
_______________444- IS THE TERM APPLIED TO A BEAM THAT SUPPORTS ONE OR
MORE SMALLER BEAM.
_______________445- REFERS TO THE BEAM HAVING A SINGLE SPAN SUPPORTED
 AT ITS END WITHOUT A RESTRAIN AT THE SUPPORT.
_______________446- IS A TERM APPLIED TO A BEAM THAT REST ON MORE THAN
TWO SUPPORTS.
_______________447- REFERS TO A BEAM WITH TWO SPANS WITH OR WITHOUT
RESTRAINT AT THE TWO EXTREME ENDS.

POST AND COLUMN

_______________448- REFERS TO A PLACE OF TIMBER OF EITHER CYLINDRICAL,
SQUARE OR OTHER GEOMETRICAL CROSS ACTION PLACED
VERTICALLY A BUILDING.
_______________449- REFERS TO A VERTICAL STRUCTURE USED TO SUPPORT A
BUILDING MADE OF STONE, CONCRETE, STEEL OR THE
COMBINAITON OF THE ABOVE MATERIALS.
_______________450- IS THE SPACE IN A BUILDING BETWEEN FLOOR LEVELS OR
BETWEEN A FLOOR AND A ROOF ABOVE.
_______________451- WHEN THE UNSUPPORTED HEIGHT IS NOT GREATER THAN
TEN TIMES THE SHORTEST LATERAL DIMENSION OF THE
CROSS SECTION.
_______________452- HAS REINFORCEMENT CONSISTING OF VERTICAL OR
LONGITUDINAL BARS HELD IN POSITION BY LATERAL
REINFORCEMENT CALLED LATERAL TIES.
_______________453- IS THE TERM GIVEN WHERE A CIRCULAR CONCRETE CORE IS
ENCLOSED BY SPIRALS WITH VERTICAL OR LONGITUDINAL
BARS.
_______________454- IS ANOTHER TYPE OF COLUMN WHERE STRUCTURAL STEEL
COLUMN IS EMBEDDED INTO THE CONCRETE CORE OF A
SPIRAL COLUMN.
_______________455- A COLUMN WITH STRUCTURAL STEEL ENCASED IN
CONCRETE OF AT LEAST 7 cm. THICK REINFORCED WITH
WIRE MESS SURROUNDING. THE COLUMN AT A DISTANCE OF
3 cm. INSIDE THE OUTER SURFACE OF THE CONCRETE
COVERING.
_______________456- IS A FABRICATED POST MADE OF STEEL PIPE PROVIDED
WITH A PLAIN FLAT STEEL BARS OR PLATE WHICH HOLD A
GRIDER, GIRTS OR BEAM.
_______________457- IS A STRUCTURAL MEMBER OF SMALL CROSS-SECTIONAL
AREA WITH REASONABLE IS LENGTH DRIVEN DOWN THE
GROUND BY MEANS OF HAMMER OR VIBRATORY
GENERATOR.
FOUNDATION
_______________458- IS THAT PORTION OF THE STRUCTURAL ELEMENTS THAT
CARRY OR SUPPORT THE SUPERSTRUCTURE OF THE
BUILDING.
_______________459- IS THAT PORTION OF THE FOUNDATION OF A STRUCTURE
WHICH DIRECTLY ARE TRANSMIT THE COLUMN LOAD TO
THE UNDERLAYING SOIL OR ROCK, FOOTING IS THE LOWER
PORTION OF THE FOUNDATION STRUCTURE.
_______________460- REFERS TO THE SOIL OR ROCK DIRECTLY BENEATH THE
FOOTING.
_______________461- IS A STRIP OF REINFORCED CONCRETE WIDER THATN THE
 WALL WHICH DISTRIBUTES THE LOAD TO THE SOIL.
_______________462- THIS KIND OF FOOTING REPRESENTS THE SIMPLEST AND
MOST ECONOMICAL TYPE USUALLY IN THE FORM OF:
SQUARE BLOCKING, SQUARE SLOPE & SQUARE STEEPED
FOOTING.
_______________463- IS EMPLOYED WHEN TWO OR MORE COLUMNS ARE SPACED
CLOSELY TO EACH OTHER THAT THEIR FOOTING WILL
ALMOST OR COMPLETELY MERGE.
_______________464- IS SOMETIMES CLASSIFIED AS WALL FOOTING WHICH
SUPPORTS SEVERAL COULUMNS IN A ROW.
_______________465- OCCUPIES THE ENTIRE AREA BENEATH THE STRUCTURE
AND
CARRY THE WALL AND THE COLUMN LOADS.
_______________466- WHEN A FOUNDATION BED IS TOO WEAK TO SUPPORT A
RAFT FOOTING, THERE IS AN URGENT NEED TO PROVIDE A
SUITABLE MATERIALS WHERE TO RANSFER THE EXCESS
LOAD TO A GREATER DEPTH WHEREIN PILES IS THE
ANSWER.
WOOD
_______________467- COMES FROM CONIFERS (EVERGREEN) WHICH HAVE
NEEDLES OF LEAVES.
_______________468- COMES FROM BROAD LEAF, OR DECIDOUS TREES AND
GENERALLY USED FOR FLOORING, STAIRS, PANELLING,
FURNITUES AND INTERIOR TRIM.
_______________469- PORTION OF THE LOG NEAR THE PHERIPHERY WHICH IS
GENERALLY LIGHTER IN COLOR THAN THE CENTRAL
PORTION.
_______________470- THE CENTRAL CORE OF THE LOG WHICH IS COMPOSED OF
INACTIVECELLS AND SERVE ONLY AS A MECHANICAL
SUPPORT.
PROPERTIES OF WOOD
_______________471- MEASURED BY THE COMPRESSION WHICH A PIECE
UNDERGOES WHEN A WIEGHT IS APPLIED.
_______________472- THE AMOUNT OF PIECE WILL BEND BEFORE BREAKING TO
THE GRAIN
_______________473- TO THE GRAIN LONGITUDINAL TO JOINT.
_______________474- TO RELATIVELY VALUE/ LIFESPAN OF WOOD.
_______________475- WELL DEFINED OPENINGS BETWEEN ANNUAL RINGS
CONTAINING SOLID OR LIQIUD PITCH.
_______________476- IS THE LOCK OF WOOD ON THE EDGE OR CORNER OF A
PIECE.
WARPING (TYPES)
_______________477- IS A DISTORTION OF THE BOARD IN WHICH THE FACE IS
CONVEX/ CONCAVE ACROSS THE BOARD.
_______________478- IS A DISTORITON OF THE BOARD ON WHICH THE FACE IS
CONVEX/ CONCAVE LONGITUDINALLY.
_______________479- IS A DISTORTION OF THE BOARD IN WHICH ONE CORNER IS
RAISED.
_______________480- IS THE TERM APPLIED TO WOOD AFTER IT IS SAWED OR
PLANKS, TIMBER ETC.
_______________481- IS THE TERM APPLIED TO UNPLANED OR UNDRESSED
LUMBER.
_______________482- IS A PLANED LUMBER HAVING AT LEAST ONE SMOOTH SIDE.
_______________483- ARE PLANED OR DRESSED LUMBER OF WHICH THE NUMBER
OF SMOOTH SIDES; SUCH AS S2S IS SMOOTH ON TWO SIDES.
_______________484- IS A KIND OF ROUGH LUMBER WHICH IS CUT TANGENT TO
THE ANNUAL RINGS, RUNNING THE FULL LENGTH OF THE
LOG AND CONTAINING AT LEAST ONE FLAT SURFACE.
CLASSIFICATION OF LUMBER
_______________485- PIECES LESS THAN 2” THICK AND LESS THAN 8” WIDE
_______________486- PIECES LESS THAN 2” THICK AND AT LEAST 8” WIDE.
_______________487- PIECES MORE THAN 2” THICH AND LESS THAN 5” IN ANY
DIMENSION.
_______________488- 12x12
THREE CATEGORIES OF LUMBER
_ _____________489- USED FOR ORDINARY LIGHT CONSTRUCTION AND FINISHING
WORK AND CONSISTS OF 1 AND 2 in. MATERIAL
MANUFACTURED INTO COMMON BOARDS, SHIPLAP,
SHELVING DIMENSION LUMBER (2x2 IN TO 2x12 in.) CENTER
MATCH, FLOORING, ROOF PLANK, SIDING, V-JOINT, TRIM
AND MOLDING OF ALL KINDS.
_______________490- IS INTENDED FOR USE IN HEAVY CONSTRUCTED FOR LOAD-
BEARING PURPOSES AND IS CUT INTO TIMBERS OF LARGER
SIZE THAN YARD LUMBER, 3 in. OR MORE THICK AND 4 in. OR
MORE WIDE.
_______________491- ANNUAL RINGS RUN APPROXIMATELY AT RIGHT ANGLE TO
THE FACE.
_______________492- WHEN THE ANNUAL RINGS RUN MORE OR LESS PARALLEL
TO THE SURFACE.
_______________493- WHEN THE ANNUAL RINGS ARE AT ABOUT 45 TO THE FACE.
SEASONING LUMBER
_______________494- LUMBER IS STRIP-PILED AT A SLOPE ON A SOLID
FOUNDATION.
_______________495- MORE EXPENSIVE LUMBER WHICH IS REQUIRED FOR MORE
DEFINED USES SO AS WOOD WILL NOT MOVE, SUCH AS
FURNITURES.
TREATED LUMBER
_______________496- WHEN LUMBER IS SUBJECTED TO PRESSURE AND INJECTED
WITH CHEMICALS OR SALTS TO INSURE IT FROM ROOTS.
_______________497- IS MADE OF IN ODD NUMBER VENEER SHEETS GLUED
TOGETHER WITH THE GRAINS RUNNING AT RIGHT ANGLE TO
EACH OTHER.
DIFFERENT TYPES OF PLYWOOD ARE:
_______________498- THE MOST COMMON FOR STRUCTURAL USE:
_______________499- ARE USED FOR PANELLING AND FINISHING WHERE USUALLY
ONLY ONE FACE IS HARD FINISHED.
_______________500- IS MADE FOR EXTERNAL USE, SOMETIMES USED FOR
CONSTRUCTION OF BOATS.
_______________501- IS MADE FROM WOOD CHIPS WHICH ARE EXPLODED INTO
FIBERS UNDER STEAM OF HIGH PRESSURE.
_______________502- IS MANUFACTURED FROM WOOD CHIPS,CURLS, FIBERS,
FLAKES, STRANDS, SHAVING, SLIVERS, STRANDS, ETC.,
BOUND TOGETHER AND PRESSED INTO SHEETS AND OTHER
MOLDED SHAPES.
MASONRY
_______________503- REFERS TO THE UNTIS WHICH ARE FORMED AND HARDENED
INTO MODULAR BUILDING UNITS.
_______________504- THE BASIC INGREDIENT OF BRICK IS CLAY-CLAY WHICH HAS
SOME SPECIFIC PROPERTIES.
_______________505- MEANING “FIRED EARTH” IS A CLAY PRODUCT WHICH HAS
BEEN USED FOR ARCHITECTURAL DECORATIVE PURPOSES,
SINCE ANCIENT GREECE AND ROME.
CERAMICS VENEER IS MADE IN TWO TYPES.
_______________506- HELD TO THE WALL BY THE BOND OF THE MORTAR TO
THE CERAMIC VENEER BACK AND TO THE BACKING WALL.
_______________507- ARE HELD BY MORTAR AND BY WIRE TILES BETWEEN THE
TERRACOTTA AND THE WALL BEHIND ADHESION TYPE
CERAMIC VENEER IS AVAILABLE IN FACE SIZES UP TO 36 in.
THICKNESS LIMITITED TO 1 5/8 in.
_______________508-ARE CLASSIFIED AS BEARING AND NON-BEARING BLOCKS.
BUILDING STONES AND GYPSUM AND LIME
_______________509- FORMED AS THE RESULT OF THE COOLING OF MOLTEN
MATTER.
_______________510- FORMED BY THE ACTION OF WATER EITHER BY DEPOSITING
MINERALS AT THE BOTTOM OF A WATER BODY OR
DEPOSITING THEM ON THE EARTHS SURFACE.
_______________511- ROCKS CHANGED FROM THEIR ORIGINAL STRUCTURE BY
THE ACTION OF EXTREME PRESSURE, HEAT, OR VAROIUS
COMBINATIONS OF THESE FORCE.
_______________512- INCLUDES ROUGH FIELDSTONE WHICH MAY MERELY HAVE
BEEN BROKEN INTO SIUTABLE SIZES, OR IT MAY INCLUDE
IRREGULAR PIECES OF STONE THAT HAVE BEEN ROUGHLY
CUT TO SIZE.
_______________513- CONSIST OF PIECES THAT HAVE BEEN CUT OR FINISHED
ACCORDING TO A WET OR DRAWINGS.
_______________514- CONSISTS OF THIN PIECES (1/2) in. AND UP WHICH MAY OR
MAY NOT HAVE HAD THEIR FACE DIMENSION CUT TO SOME
PARTICULAR SIZE.
_______________515- STONES CONSISTING OF PIECES VARYING IN SIZE FROM 3/8
TO 6 in. AND IS USED TO A LARGE EXTENT IN CONCRETING.
BUILDING STONES
_______________516- ONE FORMED FROM CLAY, COMMONLY DARK-BLUE WITH
FAINT SHADES OF GREEN, USED FOR FLOOR TILE, STAIR
TREADS, COPING STONES, INTERIOR WALL BASE, INTERIOR
WINDOW STOOLS OF EXTERIOR WINDOW SILLS.
_______________517- IS OF IGNEOUS ORIGIN AND COMPOSED OF QUARTZ,
FIELDSPAR, HOMBLENDE AND MICA.
_______________518- IS A SEDIMENTARY ROCK WHICH EITHER CALCITE
_______________519- IS A SEDIMENTARY ROCK WHICH IS EITHER CALCITE
CEMENTED CALCAREOUS STONE FORMED OF SHELLS
 FRAGEMTNS, PARTICULARLY NON-CRYSTALLINE IN
NATURE, IT HAS NO CLEAVAGE LINES AND UNIFORM IN
STRUCTURE AND COMPOSIITON.
_______________520- A SEDIMENTARY ROCK, COMPOSED MAINLY OF CALCIUM
CARBONATE. IT HAS BEEN FORMED AT THE EARTH’S
SURFACE THROUGH THE EVAPORATION OF WATER FROM
HOT SPRINGS.
_______________521- METAMORPHIC ROCK, ONE THAT HAS BEEN CHANGED
FROM ITS ORIGINAL STRUCTURE IN THIS CASE, LIMESTONE \
AND DOLOMITE HAVE BEEN RECRYSTALLIZED TO FORM
MARBLE.
_______________522- IGNEOUS ROCK WITH THE MINERAL SERPENTINE.
_______________523- A CLASS OF ROCK COMPOSED OF CEMENTED SILICA GRAINS.
_______________524- FORMED BY METAMORPHOSIS OF CLAYS AND SHALES
DEPOSITED IN LAYERS.
STONE CONSTRUCTION
_______________525- CONSISTS OF USING SLABS OF STONE CUT TO DIMENSION
AND HTICKNESS TO COVER BACKUP WALLS AND PROVIDE A
FINISHED EXTERIOR.
_______________526- WORK REQUIRES THE USE OF CUT STONE AND INCLUDES
BROKEN ASHLAR, IRREGULAR COURSED ASHLAR, REGULAR
COURSED ASHLAR.
_______________527- USED AS RANDOM WHEN NO ATTEMPT IS MADE TO
PRODUCE EITHER HORIZONTAL OR VERTICAL COURSE
LINES.
_______________528- INVOLVES USE OF STONES CUT FOR A SPECIFIC PURPOSE
AND INCLUDE QUOIN-STONES LAID AT THE INTERSECTION
OF TWO WALLS.
_______________529- ONE WHICH IS CUT TO FIT ON THE TOP OF A MASONRY
WALL.
_______________530- SPECIALLY CUT STONES WHICH ARE BUILT INTO AND
PROJECT FROM, MASONRY WALL NEAR THE TOP TO
PROVIDE THE APPEARANCE OF A CAVE.
GYPSUM PRODUCTS
_______________532- MADE FROM CAREFULLY SELECTED WHITE ROCK.
_______________533- IF GYPSUM IS SUBJECTED TO A TEMPERATURE OF 750
CELCIUS FAHRENHEIT, IT IS COMPLETELY DEHYDRATED.
_______________534- THIS PLASTER IS MADE FROM SPECIALLY SELECTED ROCK
AND GROUND MUCH FINE THAN PLASTER OF PARIS.
_______________535- THIS IS A NEAT GYPSUM PLASTER, CONTAINING HAIR, OR
FIBER, WIDELY USED TO FORM THE FIRST (SCRATCH) COAT
AND THE SECOND (BROWN) COAT ON PLASTERED WALLS
AND CEILINGS.
_______________536- INTENDED FOR APPLICATION TO CONCRETE SURFACES.
_______________537- THIS MATERIALS IS MADE ESPECIALLY TO PRODUCE THE
FINISH (PUTTY) COAT FOR PLASTERED SURFACE.
_______________538- REQUIRES ONLY WATER. IT CONTAINS NO LIME, SO THE
PLASTER SURFACE CAN BE DECORATED AS SOON AS IT IS
DRY.
_______________539- USED WHEN A ROUGH SURFACE IS REQUIRED.
_______________540- CALCINED GYPSUM IS MIXED WITH A LIGHT WEIGHT-
MINERAL AGGREGATE TO MAKE A TYPE OF FINISH PLASTER
THAT HAS A HIGH RATE OF SOUND ABSORPTION.
_______________542- LIKE TEXTURE PLASTER IS USED TO MAKE THE PLASTER
FOR
FILLING NAIL HOLES AND COVERING JOINTS IN GYPSUM
WALL
GYPSUM BOARDS
________________543- A FIREPROOF SHEATING FOR INTERIOR WALLS AND
CEILINGS.
________________544- A GYPSUM CORE IS COVERED ON BOTH SIDES WITH A
HEAVY PAPER, BUT IN THE CASE OF LATH, THE SAME
PAPER IS USED FOR BOTH BACK FRONT, SIZE 3/8” x 16”x 48”
PACKED IN BUNDLES.
________________545- PRECAST FROM GYPSUM CONTAINING VARIOUS TYPES OF
FIBER ARE MADE EITHER THE SQUARE EDGE PLANK FROM
4 TO 6 FEET OR METAL EDGED PLANK 10 FEET LONG.
GYPSUM TILE
________________546- MADE FOR SPECIALLY CALCINED GYPSUM, TO WHICH IS
USUALLY ADDED ABOUT 5 PERCENT WOOD FIBER IN THE
FORM OF CHIPS AND SOMETIMES SOME PERLITE.
________________547- MADE TO COVER STEEL MEMBERS IN A BUILDING TO
PROTECT THEM AGAINST FIRE.
________________548- MADE BY CASTING IN MOLD A PANEL CONSIST OF TWO
OUTER SHELLS 5/8 in. REINFORCED WITH VISCOSE FIBER
AND SEPERATED BY A CORE OF HEXAGONAL CELLS, IT IS
MADE 2 FEET WIDE, 2 TO 6 in. THICK AND UP TO 10 ft. LONG .
________________549- USED IN THE MAKING OF THE FINISH OR PUTTY COAT FOR
INTERIOR PLASTER.
CONCRETE
________________550- IS AN ARTIFICIAL STONE MADE OUT FROM THE MIXTURE
OF CEMENTS, SAND, GRAVEL AND WATER OR OTHER INERT
MATERIALS; THIS IS KNOWN AS SOLID MASS OR PLAIN
CONCRETE.
________________551- MADE FROM MATERIALS WHICH MUST CONTAIN THE
PROPER PORTIONS OF LIME, SILICA, ALUMINA AND IRON
COMPONENTS.
CONCRETE IS A MIXTURE OF:
________________552- NORMAL PORTLAND CEMENT, TYPES I AND IA, FOR
GENERAL CONSTRUCITON.
________________553- SHOLUD BE CLEAN, FREE OIL, ALKALI SURFACES;
GENERAL CRITERIA: SHOULD BE POTABLE.
CONTROL OF CONCRETE MIXES
________________554- WHEN FRESHLY MIXED CONCRETE IS CHECKED TO ENSURE
THAT THE SPECIFIED SLUMP IS BEING ATTAINED
CONSISTENTLY.
________________555- COMMON QUALITY-CONTROL TEST OF CONCRETE, BASED
ON 7 AND 28 DAY CURING PERIODS.
FERROUS AND NON FERROUS METALS
________________556- METAL NI WHICH IRON IS THE PRINCIPAL ELEMENT.
________________557- CONTAINING NO, OR VERY LITTLE IRON.
 FERROUS METAL
________________558- A MALLEABLE ALLOY OF IRON AND CARBON PRODUCED
BY MELTING AND REFINING PIG IRON AND/ OR SCRAP
STEEL, GRADED ACCORDING TO THE CARBON CONTENT.
________________559-ROLLED SHEETS ARE GALVANIZED (GIVEN A ZINC
COATING).
________________560-IS PRODUCED WHEN PIG IRON IS MELTED IN SUCH WAY AS
TO REMOVE NEARLY ALL OF THE CARBON

________________561- ARE MADE BY COMBINING OTHER ELEMENTS WITH THE

MELTEN STEEL.
________________562- IS STRONGER THAN CARBON STEEL AND IS USED TO MAKE
STRUCTURAL MEMBERS FOR BUILDINGS CHROMIUM STEEL
IS VERY HARD AND CORROSION-RESISTANT.
________________563- ARE MADE WITH CHROMIUM OR A COMBINAITON OF
NICKEL AND CHROMIUM USED IN BUILDINGS FOR
EXTERIOR WALL PANELS,FRAMES, FOR DOORS, EXPANSION
JOINTS, FLASHINGS, COPINGS, FASCIA AND GRAVELSTOPS.
________________564- BEARING STEEL HAS HIGH RESISTANCE TO CORROSION
AND IS USED FOR MAKING SHEET STEEL AND METAL LATH.
________________565- OFFERS GREAT RESISTANCE TO ABRASION AND FINDS
IMPORTANT USE IN THE CUTTING EDGES OH HEAVY
DIGGING TOOLS.
________________566- RECENTLY DEVELOPED GRADE OF STEEL. IT FORMS ITS
OWN DEFENSE AGAINST ATMOSPHERIC CORROSION
AND THUS REQUIRES NO PAINTING.
STEEL PRODUCTS
________________567- SECTIONS ARE MADE TO INTERLOCK AND AVAILABLE IN
SEVERAL SHAPE.
________________568- SEAMLESS OR WELDED SMALL DIAMETER PIP AND
ELECTRICALLY WELDED LARGE DIAMETER PIPE.
________________569- MADE FROM FEW STEEL OR FROM DISCARDED RAILWAY-
CAR AXLES OR RAILS.
________________570- ANOTHER TYPE OF REINFORCING MATERIAL. IT CONSISTS
OF PARALLEL, LONGITUDINAL WIRE WELDED TRANSVERSE
WIRES AT INTERVALS.
________________571- OVER 150,000 USES FOR WIRE INCLUDING PINS, NEEDLES,
NAILS, BOLTS, CABLES, PIANO WIRE, FENCES.
________________572- (EITHER HOT FORGED OR COLD-FORMED FROM WIRE OF
THE APPROPRIATE DIAMETER). FOR BOLTS, WIRE IS FED
INTO AN AUTOMATIC BOLT-MAKING MACHINE WHICH
CUTS TO LENGTH HEADS, TRIMS, POINTS AND IN MANY
CASES ROLLS THE THREAD.
________________573- MADE FROM HIGH-TENSILE FLAT WIRE IN A NUMBER OF
SIZES.
________________574- LIGHTWEIGHT WARREN-TYPE TRUSSES MADE IN SEVERAL
DIFFERENT STYLES.
________________575- BLACK AND GALVANIZED, CAN BE USED TO
MANUFACTURE CORRUGATED ROOFING AND SIDING
FORMED STEEL DECKING.
________________576- LIGHTWEIGHT, REQUIRING MINIMUM STORAGE SPACE AND
DOES NOT WARP OR SHRINK.
________________577- MANUFACTURED FOR USE IN FORMING ONE-WAY AND
TWO-WAY RIBBED CONCRETE FLOOR SYSTEM.

NON-FERROUS METALS
________________578- ITS ORE, BAUXITE, REQUIRES 10 KILOWATT HOURS FOR
EACH POUND OF METAL ALUMINUM EXTRACTED.

________________579- USED AS A VAPOR BARRIER ON WALLS AND CEILINGS AND

AS REFLECTIVE INSULATION.
________________580- A LUSTUROUS REDDISH METAL, HIGHLY DUCTILE AND
MALLEABLE; AS HIGH TENSILE STRENGTH IS AN
EXCELLENT ELECTRICAL AND THERMAL CONDUCTOR, IS
AVAILABLE IN A WIDE VARIETY SHAPES; WIDELY USED
FOR
DOWNSPOUTS, ELECTRICAL CONDUCTORS, FLASHINGS,
GUTTER, ROOFING.
________________581- A SOFT MALLEABLE, HEAVY METAL; HAS LOW MELTING
POINT AND A HIGH COEFFICIENT OF THERMAL EXPANSION.
________________582- A LUSTROUS WHITE, SOFT AND MALLEABLE METAL
HAVING A LOW MELTING POINT; RELATIVELY UNAFFECTED
BY EXPOSURE TO AIR; USED FOR MAKING ALLOYS AND
SOLDER AND IN COATING SHEET METAL.
STRUCTURAL SHAPE
________________583- HAS THE SHAPE OF UNSYMMETRICAL BALANCE
CONSISTING OF TWO FLANGES ON ONE SIDE.
________________584- ARE DESIGNATED AS W 12x24 WHICH MEANS THAT THE
FLANGE HAS A DEPTH OF 24 cm. AND IT WIEGHS 12 kg PER
METER LENGTH.
________________585- AS A COLUMN IS UNECONOMICAL, BECAUSE THE WHIRL OF
REVOLVING ACTION OF THE STRUCTURE ABOUT AN AXIS
THROUGH THE CENTROID PARALLEL TO THE WEB OF THE I-
BEAM IS COMPARATIVELY SMALL.
________________586- ALTHOUGH SUITABLE FOR PILE DRIVING ON DEEP
EXCAVATIONS IS MUCH SUITABLE THAN THE I-BEAM FOR
COLUMNS.
________________587- IS ANOTHER STRUCTURAL FORM IN A LETTER Z WHICH IS
NOT FREQUENTLY USED IN BUILDING CONSTRUCTION
EXCEPT ON THE FABRICAITON OF STEEL WINDOWS AND
OTHER FRAMES.
GLASS MANUFACTURING
_________________588- THIS MIXTURE, KNOWN AS FRIT, IS TIED INTO THE FILLING
END OF A FURNACE ANF MELTED.
_________________589- A HIGHLY GLASS SHEET OF THE SAME CHEMICAL
COMPOSIITON AS SHEET GLASS.
_________________590- A FLAT GLASS PRODUCE BY A NEW PROCESS. IT COMBINES
THE FIRE-FINISH OF SHEET WITH THE PERFECT FLATNESS
OF PLATE FRIT, THE USUAL COMBINATION OF RAW
MATERIALS IS MELTED IN AN OIL OR GAS FIRED FURNACE.
 TYPES OF GLASS
_________________591- USED TO CONTROL GLARE AND REDUCE SOLAR HEAT. IT
IS THE PRODUCT OF A GLASS-COATING PROCESS WHICH IS
CARRIED OUT IN A LARGE, RECTANGULAR VACUUM
CHAMBER.
_________________592- SIMILAR TO THE PROCESS OF MAKING PLATE GLASS.
GLASS OF THIS TYPE IS USED WHERE CLEAR VISION IS NOT
REQUIRED, SUCH AS BY FACTORY ROOFS AND WALLS,
WINDOWS FOR HALLS AND STAIRCASES, SKY LIGHTS AND
PARTITIONS IN OFFICES.
_________________593- MANUFACTURING IS SIMILAR TO ROLLED AND ROUGH
CAST GLASSES. HOWEVER, THEY CONTAIN A PATTERN OR
TEXTURE IMPRESSED USUALLY ON ONE SURFACE BY A
PATTERNED ROLLER.
_________________594- SIMPLY ROLLED GLASS INTO WHICH WIRE MESH IS
INSERTED DURING THE PROCESS OF MANUFACTURE.
_________________595- THIS CONSISTS OF TWO SHEETS OF PLATE OR SHEET
GLASS, SEPERATED BY AN AIR SPACE AND JOINED
AROUND THE EDGES TO PRODUCE A THERMITICALLY
SEALED UNIT.
CLASSIFICATION OF SHEET GLASS
__________________596- USED FOR GLAZING WINDOWS DOORS AND STORM SASH
RESIDENTIAL BUILDINGS WHERE GOOD LIGHT VISION
ARE REQUIRED AT MODERATE COST.
__________________597- USED FOR GLAZING WINDOWS AND DOORS WHERE
GREATER STRENGTH IS REQUIRED BUT WHERE SLIGHT
DISTORTION IS NOT OBJECTIONABLE.
__________________598- USED FOR COVERING PICTURES, PHOTOGRAPHS, MAPS,
CHARTS PROJECTOR SLIDES AND INSTRUMENT DIALS.
GLASS BLOCKS
TWO TYPES
__________________599- DIRECT OR DIFFUSE THE DAYLIGHT WHICH
PASSES THROUGH THEM TO IMPROVE THE
ILLUMINATION OF THE BUILDING INTERIOR.
__________________600- AVAILABLE IN A WIDE RANGE OF STYLES AND
PATTERNS.
THREE STYLES OF FUNCTIONAL BLOCKS:
__________________601- DIRECTS INCOMING LIGHT UPWARD TOWARD THE
CEILING. USED ALWAYS ABOVE EYE LEVEL.
__________________602- DIFFUSES IN COMING LIGHT EVENLY THROUGHOUT THE
INTERIOR OF THE ROOM.
__________________603- 8 x 8 in. and 12 x 12 in. 4 in. thick
HARDWARE
__________________604- METAL PRODUCTS USED IN CONSTRUCTION, SUCH AS
BOLTS, HINGES, LOCKS, TOOLS, ETC.
__________________605- HARDWARE SUCH AS HINGES, LOCKS, CATCHES, ETC.
THAT HAS A FINISHED APPEARANCE AS WELL AS A
FUNCTION, ESP. THAT USED WITH DOORS, WINDOWS
AND CABINETS, MAY BE CONSIDERED PART OF THE
DECORATIVE TREATMENT OF A ROOM OR BUILDING.
DOORS
__________________606- AN ENTRANCE WAY
TYPES
__________________607- A SMOOTH SURFACED DOOR HAVING FACES WHICH ARE
PLANE WHICH CONCEAL ITS RAILS AND STILES OR OTHER
STRUCTURE WHEN USED INSIDE, IT IS OF HOLLOW CORE,
WHEN USED FOR EXTERIOR IT IS OF SOIL CORE.
__________________608- A DOOR HAVING, RAILS AND SOMETIMES MUNTINS
WHICH FORM ONE OR MORE FRAMES AROUND RECESSED
THINNER PANELS.

__________________609- A SECONDARY FRAMING MEMBER TO HOLD PANES

WITHIN A WINDOW OR GLAZED DOOR OR, AN
INTERMEDIATE VERTICAL MEMBER THAT DIVIDES THE
PANELS OF A DOOR.
KINDS OF DOORS
__________________610- IT OPEN TO LEFT AND IT OPEN TO RIGHT
__________________611- A RIGID OVER HEAD DOOR WHICH OPENS AS AN ENTIRE
UNIT.
__________________612- DOOR WHICH, WHEN OPEN, ASSUMES A HORIZONTAL
POSITION ABOVE THE DOOR OPENING, MADE OF
SEVERAL LEAVES.
__________________613- (SOLID OR SEE THROUGH ALUMINUM SHUTTERS) A
DOOR MADE UP OF SMALL HORIZONTAL INTERLOCKING
METALS SLATS WHICH ARE GUIDED IN A TRACK; THE
CONFIGURATION COILS ABOUT AN OVERHEAD DRUM
WHICH IS HOUSED AT THE HEAD OF THE OPENING,
EITHER MANUAL OR MOTR-DRIVEN.
__________________614- A HINGED DOOR CONSISTING OF A SYSTEM OF PANELS
WHICH ARE HUNG FROM AN OVERHEAD TRACK.
__________________615- ONE OR MORE DOORS WHICH ARE HINGED TOGETHER SO
THAT THEY CAN OPEN AND FOLD IN A SPACE.
__________________616- AN EXTERIOR DOOR CONSISTING OF FOUR LEAVES (AT 90
DEGREE TO EACH OTHER) WHICH PIVOT ABOUT A
COMMON VERTICAL AXIS WITHIN A CYLINDRICAL
SHAPED VESTIBULE, PREVENTS THE DIRECT PASSAGE OF
AIR THROUGH THE VESTIBULE, THEREBY ELIMINATING
DRAFTS FROM OUTSIDE.
__________________617- A DOOR MOUNTED ON TRACK WHICH SLIDES IN A
HORIZONTAL DIRECTION USUALLY PARALLEL TO ONE
WALL.
__________________618- A SLIDING DOOR WHICH SLIDES TO COVER A FIXED DOOR
OF THE SAME WIDTH OR ANOTHER SLIDING DOOR.
__________________619- A DOOR WHICH SLIDES INSIDE A HOLLOW OF THE WALL
__________________620- A HINGED DOOR WHICH IS DIVIDED INTO TWO. THE
UPPER PART CAN BE OPENED WHILE THE PORTION IS
CLOSED.
TO HUNG A DOOR
__________________621- A MOVABLE JOINT USED TO ATTACH SUPPORT AND TURN
A DOOR ABOUT A PIVOT, CONSISTS OF TWO PLATES
JOINED TOGETHER BY A PIN WHICH SUPPORT THE DOOR
 AND CONNECT IT TO ITS FRAME, ENABLING IT TO SWING
OPEN OR CLOSED.
__________________622- CONSIST OF TWO RECTANGULAR METAL PLATES WHICH
ARE JOINED WITH A IN. IN A LARGE HINGE, THE PIN IS
REMOVABLE, IN A SMALL HINGES, IT IS FIXED.
__________________623- A HINGE IN WHICH THE PIN FASTENED PERMANENTLY IN
PLACE.
__________________624- A HINGE DESIGNED FOR ATTACHMENT ON THE SURFACE
OF THE DOOR AND JAMB WITHOUT MORTISING.

__________________625- A DOOR HINGE HAVING TWO KNUCKLES ONE OF WHICH

HAS VERTICAL PIN THAT FITS IN A CORRESPONDING
HOLE IN THE OTHER, BY LIFTING THE DOOR UP, OFF THE
VERTICAL PIN, THE DOOR MAY BE REMOVED WITH
UNSCREWING THE HINGE.
__________________626- A HINGE HAVING A REMOVABLE PIN WHICH PERMITS ITS
TWO PARTS TO BE SEPERATED.
__________________627- A TYPE OF DOOR HINGE HAVING A SINGLE JOINT OF THE
PIVOT TYPE, USUALLY OF MODERN DESIGN.
__________________628- A PAUMELLE HINGE WITH KNUCKLES FORMING AN OVAL
SHAPE.
TO HUNG A DOOR
__________________629- A HINGE CONTAINING ONE OR MORE SPRINGS, WHEN A
DOOR IS OPENED, THE HINGE RETURNS IT TO THE OPEN
POSITION AUTOMATICALLY, MAY ACT IN ONE DIRECTION
ONLY, OR IN BOTH DIRECTIONS.
__________________630- EXCELLENT FOR USE IN RESTAURANTS, HOSPITALS,
KITCHENS, THE DOOR OPENS BY JUST PUSHING IT WITH
THE SHOULDER OR FEET.
__________________631- THE AXLE OR PIN ABOUT WHICH A WINDOW OR DOOR
ROTATES.
__________________632- A SPRING HINGE FOR A DOOR WHICH IS MORTISED INTO
THE SEAL OF THE DOOR, THE DOOR IS FASTENED TO THE
FLOOR AND DOOR HEAD WITH PIVOTS.
ROUGH HARDWARE
__________________633- COMMON WIRE NAIL WITH HEAD AND FOR STRENGTH
BOX NAIL ALSO USED FOR STRENGTH.
__________________634- FINISHING NAIL WITHOUT HEAD CASING NAIL ALSO
WITHOUT HEAD.
__________________635- FOR HANGING FIXTURES FROM WALLS.
__________________636- IOIN TWO SURFACES AND ARE DEMOUNTABLE 1/4” TO 4”
__________________637- A DOOR BOLT SO DESIGNED THAT WHEN APPLIED IT IS
FLUSH WITH THE FACE OR EDGE OF THE DOOR.
__________________638- DEVICE ATTACHED TO A DOOR AND ITS JAMB WHICH
LIMITS THE DOOR OPENING TO THE LENGTH OF THE
CHAIN. USUALLY USED IN HOTEL ROOMS.
TO LOCK THE DOOR
__________________639- A COMPLETE LOCK SYSTEM INCLUDING THE BASIC
LOCKING MECHANISMS AND ALL THE ACCESSORIES,
SUCH AS KNOBS ESCUTCHEONS, PLATES, ETC.
__________________640- A SIMPLE FASTENING DEVISE HAVING A LATCH BOLT,
BUT NOT A DEAD BOLT CONTAINS NO PREVISONS FOR
LOCKING WITH A KEY, USUALLY OPENABLE FROM BOTH
SIDES.
__________________641- KEY OPERATED LATCH.
__________________642- A TYPE OF DOOR LATCH WHICH FASTENS A DOOR BY
MEANS OF PIVOTED BAR THAT ENGAGES A HOOK ON THE
FLOOR JAMB, A LEVER WHICH LIFTS THE PIVOTED USED
TO UNFASTEN THE DOOR.

__________________643- A LOCK OR LATCH IN WHICH THE FACE IS FLUSH WITH

THE RABBET ON A RABBETED DOOR JAMB.
__________________644- A TYPE OF DOOR LOCK, THE BOLT WHICH IS SQUARE IN
SECTION IS OPERATED BY THE DOOR KEY OR A TURN
PIECE.
__________________645- A SMALL REJECTING MEMBER USED OT FASTEN THE
FRAME OF A DOOR OR WINDOW.
__________________646- A HANDLE, MORE OR LESS SPHERICAL USUALLY FOR
OPERATING A LOCK.
__________________647- A PROTECTIVE PLATE SURROUNDING THE KEYHOLE OF A
DOOR OR A LIGHT SWITCH (ALSO A FLANGE ON A PIPE).
__________________648- A THIN FLAT SHEET OF MATERIAL.
__________________649- A METAL PLATE OR BOX WHICH IS SET IN A DOORJAMB
AND IS EITHER PLACED OR RECESSED TO RECEIVE THE
BOLT OT LATCH OF A LOCK, FIXED ON DOOR.
__________________650- THE PROJECTION FROM THE SIDE OF A STRIKE PLATE
WHICH THE BOLT OF A LOCK STRIKES THE FIRST, WHEN
A DOOR IS CLOSED; PROJECTS OUT FROM THE SIDE OF
THE STRIKE PLATE TO PROTECT THE FRAME.
__________________651- A LOCK INTENDED FOR INSTALLATION IN A CIRCULAR
HOLE IN A DOOR .
__________________652- A TYPE OF DOOR LATCH HAS A ROLLER UNDER SPRING
TENSION INSTEAD OF A BEVELED SPRING BOLT, THE
ROLLER ENGAGES A STRIKE PLATE, HAVING A RECESS
FORMED TO RECEIVE.
USE A DIFFERENT LOCKSET FOR EACH ROOM
__________________653- WITH A KEY AND UNIVERSAL BUTTON WHICH WHEN
PUSHED STAYS PUT LOCKS THE DOOR.
__________________654- SAME AS THE ENTRANCE LOCKSET BUT SIMPLER IN
DESIGN.
__________________655- WITHOUT A KEY HAS A BUTTON THAT IS PUSHED TO
LOCK INSIDE.
__________________656- A TYPE OF MORTISE LOCK HAVING ITS CYLINDER IN THE
KNOB.
__________________657- A BORED LOCK WHICH HAS A CYLINDRICAL CASE INTO
WHICH A SEPARATE LATCH CASE FITS.
__________________658- A SMALL LOCKING OR LATCHING DEVICE USED ON
SCREEN DOORS AND GENERATED BY A KNOB OR LEVER
HANDLE, SOMETIMES EQUIPPED WITH A DEAD BOLT.
__________________659- A LATCH INTENDED FOR INSTALLATION IN A CIRCULAR
HOLE IN A DOOR.
__________________660- A FASTENING DEVICE CONSISTING OF A LOOP OR STAPLE
AND A SLOTTED HINGE PLATE NORMALLY SECURED
WITH A PADLOCK.
__________________661- A DEVICE WHICH FASTENERS IN POSITION MAY BE
OPERATED BY A KEY.
__________________662- A KIND OF LOCK WHICH OPENS BY USING THE
CORRESPONDING MAGNET WHICH GOES WITH IT.

__________________663- A KIND OF HASP THAT HAS A BUILT-IN LOCKING DEVICE

WITH CAN BE OPENED BY ONLY WITH A KEY.
SLIDING DOOR TRACKS
CABINET DOORS

__________________664- HINGED, SLIDING, DROP DOWN, ROLL AWAY.

__________________665- ARE OF 3 TYPES , FLUSH, OVERLAPPING, AND OFFSET.
__________________666- USED FOR HANGING LIPPED OR OVERLAPPING DOORS,
AVAILABLE IN SEMI CONCEALED AND SURFACE-
MOUNTED STYLES.
__________________667- MADE FOR BOTH FLUSH AND OVERLAPPING DOORS.
THREE MAIN TYPES
__________________668- FRAME PIVOT HINGES THAT ATTACH TO A DOORS TOP
AND BOTTOM EDGES.
__________________669- FRAME PIVOT HINGES THAT ATTACH INTERMEDIATELY
ALONG A DOOR’S SIDE EDGE.
__________________670- MOUNTED “KNIFE” HINGES THAT ARE QUITE DIFFICULT
TO ATTACH.
CABINET DOORS
___________________671- FOR A DROP DOOR THAT CAN BE LOWERED TO SERVE AS
WORK SURFACES (LEVEL WITH THE CABINETS BOTTOM)
REQUIRE HINGES THAT LAY IN FLUSH IN THE SURFACE,
MORTISE THEM IN BOTH SURFACE THEY DON’T SHOW
WHEN THE DOOR IS CLOSED.
CATCHES FOR CLOSING OF CABINET DOORS IN PLACE
___________________672- ANY CATCH WHICH WHEN IT ENGAGES A STRIKE, IS
HELD IN THE ENGAGED POSITION BY FRICTION.
___________________673- A DOOR CATCH FLAT THAT USES MAGNET TO HOLD THE
DOOR IN A CLOSED POSITION.
___________________674- A FASTENER WHICH HOLDS A DOOR IN PLACE BY
MEANS OF A PROJECTING SPRING ARCTUATED STEEL
HALL WHICH IS DEPRESSED WHEN THE DOOR IS CLOSED.
___________________675- A FLUSH DOOR PULL WHICH IS MORTISED INTO A DOOR;
HAS A RING PULL THAT FOLDS FLAT INTO THE CUP OF
THE PULL WHEN NOT IN USE.
___________________676- USED FOR SLIDING DOORS PUSHED INTO DRILLED HOLE.
OTHER FINISHING ACCESSORIES
___________________677- ANY OVER HANGING MEMBER PROJECTING FROM A
WALL OR OTHER TO SUPPORT A WEIGHT.
___________________678- A HAND GRIP USUALLY INSTALLED IN A SHOWER,
 WHICH MAY BE USED FOR STEADYING ARE SELF.
___________________679- USED TO SUPPORT ANY CABINET OR SHELF.
___________________680- ATTACHED ABOVE A SCREEN DOOR TO
AUTOMATICALLY CLOSE IT.
___________________681- A HANDLE FOR OPENING A HOSPITAL DOOR WITHOUT
THE USE OF HANDS, BY HOOKING AN AR OVER THE
HANDLE.
___________________682- FIRE EXIT BOLT A DOOR LOCKING DEVICE USED ON EXIT
DOORS; THE DOOR LATCH RELEASES WHEN A BAR,
ACROSS THE INSIDE OF THE DOOR IS PUSHED.
___________________683- A BOLT HAVING ITS HEAD IN THE FORM OF A LOOP OR
EYE.